unit 1-8[上学期]

Unit One That must be a record
1、 短语：
1. in a soccer career 在足球生涯2．first edition 第一版 3. the then director 当时的厂长 4. settle an argument about…处理一个关于……的争议5.a best seller 畅销书6. ever since 从…以来都7. be sent into 被收入8. set down = write down=put down 记下，写下9.keep track of 保持联系9.in other ways 以另外的方式10. be put into被放入；被翻译成11. live to be 122 years 活到122岁12. reach a length of 长达……13. with an area of 面积有….. 14.stand out 突出，显著15.next to 次于，在….之后16. struggle against disease 同疾病做斗争17.be diagnosed with cancer被诊断为癌症18. go on to do 继续做某事19.achieve his goal 达到目标20.in a row 连续；一连串21.lead sb to do 使某人做某事22. in the first place 首先23. be entertained by….因为…而高兴24. make for 可造成；可成为；有好处25.set a record 创造纪录26.apply for 申请27.get a certificate 取得证书 28. make an effort to do sth.努力做某事29.win the bid for the 29th Olympic Games in 2008 申奥成功burst into cheers 热烈欢呼get a better understanding of 更好地了解A bird in the hand is worth two in the bush.一鸟在手，胜于群鸟在林break a record 打破纪录in ancient times 在古代35.try new tricks on 尝试新花样head down 开往；朝向a skilful skateboarder 一个技术熟练的滑板者together with = as well as 和；也give permission 准许hold a grand opening 举行一个盛大的开幕式have been around 遍布各地；深入人心be familiar to sb 对于某人来讲很熟悉capture the hearts and minds 捕捉心理be willing to do 乐意做某事extreme sports 极限运动center on 以…为中心overcome your fears 克服你的恐惧regular sports 常规运动defeat the other team 打败另一队beauty, harmony and thrills 美感，和谐和刺激have no clear rules about winning or losing 对胜负没有明确之分heart beats faster 心跳加速concentrate on 集中；全神贯注于
1、 句型
1．The Guinness company hired two Englishmen to write what later became the Guinness Book of World Records.
2. The first edition was published in 1955 and has been a best seller ever since.
3. Impressive as the record is, it fades next to the story of Armstrong’s struggle against disease.
4. Part of the reason for our interest is probably the same curiosity that led sir Hugh to write the Guinness Book of World Records in the first place.
5. Whether we are out to set a new record ourselves or simply enjoy reading about champions, the Guinness Book of World Records makes for interesting reading.
6. All of our schoolmates were here, as well as many of our parents and other kids from the neighborhood.
7. Once you are Xperienced, your life will truly change.
1、 部分知识点讲解。
1. then adj.（形容词）being so at that time:当时的：the then chairman of the board.当时的委员会主席
2. conclude vt. 作出结论，断定；终止； 决定
conclude e to the conclusion that... 所得结论是..., 断定；draw the conclusion得出结论，推断leap(jump) to a conclusion 冒然断定，过早下结论；in conclusion = lastly 最后,总之
The doctor concluded that the patient's disease was cancer.医生断定病人患的是癌症。
The judge concluded that the accused was guilty.法官判定被告有罪。
We concluded not to wait any more.我们决定不再等待了。
In conclusion I’ d like to say that you did it very well.
3. hire租用，租；雇用： take on, employ, rent
The fruit is picked by hired laborers.这些水果是由雇佣工采摘的。
This car is for hire.这辆车是出租的。
◆都含“租用”或“出租”的意思。
hire 有“雇”、“短期租借”的意思（人、物作宾语）；hire servants雇佣人。
hire a hall for an evening租礼堂用一晚上。
rent指“较长期地租用或租出(房屋、土地等)”（物作宾语）；rent a house租房子
4. what later became ….后来成为……的东西
1)what与that 在引导名词性从句时的区别：what的含义是“所……的东西”，在所有名词性从句中须充当一定的句子成分，而that则不充当任何句子成分且无词义。
He said (that) he was not interested in it. 他说他对这件事不感兴趣。(宾语从句)
He did what he could to help me.他尽力帮助我。(宾语从句)
That he was chosen made us very happy.他的当选使我们很高兴。(主语从句)
What we need is more time. 我们所需要的是多些时间。(主语从句)
They are just what we need.这些正是我们所需要的。(表语从句)
The reason why he didn't come was that he was badly ill.他没来的原因是他得了重病。(表语从句)
5. ever since (then) adv.从那时到现在， since then其后, 从此一直
◆since
①conj.从...以来; ...以后；因为; 既然; 鉴于；
We have both changed since we parted.分别以来我们彼此都变了。
It was three years since we had been there.我们在那儿已呆了三年。
Since that is so, there is no more to be said.既然如此, 再没什么可说的了。
②adv.（和完成时连用）(=since then)以后, 后来, 以来
I have not seen him since.(那时)以后我没见到过他。
6. set sth. down写下来
set sb. down 使坐；停车让乘客下车；
7. keep track of sb./ sth.；It’s hard to keep track of all one’s old school friends.
lose track of：lose track of time说不准现在的确切时间
8.live to be 活到 (不定式 to be 作结果状语)
She lived to be 80. 她活到了八十岁。
类似结构：
prove /turn to be…证明是；结果是
9. balance n. 天平；平衡；谐调，匀称；余额
Have you brought something to weigh the flesh A balance
balance of nature； keep/lose one’s balance
All the parts of the building are in perfect balance.
v. 使……保持平衡；结算；等价，抵消
How long can you balance on one foot
balance an account / one’s books 结帐
This year’s profits will balance our previous losses.
10. stand out突出；杰出；明显；醒目；坚持；支撑；容忍；允许
to stand out a crisis挨过危机； Stand still ! 站住，不许动！
stand by 在场；靠近; 袖手旁观； stand by one's promise 遵守诺言
stand down退出竞选;离开证人席； stand for代表，表示；意指；象征
stand in当替身；代替； stand up耐久；耐用; 成立
Will the charge stand up in court 这个指控在法庭上能成立吗？
stand up for维护；拥护；支持
11. next to 在……旁边；跟在……之后；几乎，近于；仅次于
He lives next to me.
Next to skiing her favorite sport was ice-hockey.我最喜欢的运动是滑雪，其次是冰球。
next to impossible 几乎不可能
next to last 倒数第二
next to nothing（none）差不多没有, 很少
12. Impressive as the record is, it fades next to the story of Armstrong’s struggle against disease.
◆As 引导让步状语从句（部分倒装）（课后注释）
Impressive as the record is = Though the record is impressive
Angry as he was, he listened to me patiently. 他很恼火，却能耐心地听我说话。
The air was cold, bright as the sun was. 虽然阳光灿烂，天气却很冷。
Child as he is, he knows a lot.
◆复习：though, although, in spite of, despite
◆fade vi. 从视觉﹑听觉或记忆中渐渐消失
The sound of the cheering faded away in the distance. （＝died away）欢呼声在远方渐渐消失。
As evening came, the coastline faded into darkness.夜幕降临时，海岸线消失在黑暗中。
The memory of her son will never fade from her mind.她永远忘不了她的儿子。
13. set a record
beat（break, cut）the（a）record 打破记录；hold record保持记录；keep a record (of) 记下来, 记录；set (up) a new record创新纪录
14. achieve one’s goal
in a row 连续， 一连串 ；in rows 成行， 成排，排列着
China women volleyball team won five champions in a row in the 1980s.
They planted the trees in rows.
15. in the first place首先, 第一点；in the last place最后；in the next place其次, 第二点； ；in place of 代替,用...而不用…；in places 在某些地方, 有几处；in one’s place处于某人的位置, 为某人设身处地想一想；make place for为……腾出地方, 让位于； take one's place就座, 入座; 占有 地位;代替某人; 接替某人的位置；take the place of 代替；take place发生, 举行
The darkest place is under the candlestick. [谚]灯台只照人不照己(意指当事者往往最不了解情况)。
There is no place like home. [谚]作客固佳, 在家更好; 在家千日好, 出门一时难。
16. make for v. ①有利于，有助于；②(尤指匆匆地)走向, 倾向于, 导致；向……前进
Small details can make for comfort. 一些小节可令人舒适。
This visit made for better communication between us.这次访问促进了我们之间的更好的交流。
The large print makes for easier reading.大号字体便于阅读。
Does early rising make for good health 早起有利于健康吗？
17.apply for vi.申请
◆apply ( to sb.) for sth.向(某人)申请某物 ；apply to do sth. 申请干某事
◆ vt. 应用；运用 apply sth. to sth.
◆ vi.适用;产生作用;有直接联系：apply to sb./ sth. ；apply oneself to (doing) sth. =devote oneself to (doing) sth. 专心从事/埋头于…
application n. u申请,请求，n. c申请书；applicant n.c 申请人；applicable adj.使用的，合适的
18. confirm vt.
19. result vi.; n.
result in=lead to/cause/bring about 导致
result from…=be caused by 由…导致/造成
His carelessness resulted in failure. 他的粗心造成了失败。
Failure resulted from his carelessness. 失败是由他的粗心导致的。
20.be fascinated by 被…迷住；be fascinated with迷上…
21. burst into sth.=burst out doing sth. 突然而猛烈地发出或产生某物
~ into cheers/laughter/tears/screams＝burst out cheering/laughing/crying /screaming突然喝彩/大笑/大哭/尖叫
22 head 前往；朝向；head down to ；head for（更常用）；head north
When I saw the car heading for me, I stepped aside.
Clouds are gathering. I think we’d better head for the hotel in case it starts to rain.
23. inspect[In5spekt] vt.①检查；审查；②视察；调查
He inspected the car before he bought it.他买这辆车之前仔细检查了一下。
The government sent sb. to inspect our school.政府派人来视察我们学校。
24. be around来(访)，come around来(访)；到来
25. an outgoing personality开朗的性格
a warm, outgoing personality.热情友好的个性
26. ◆familiar
sb. be familiar with sth. 某人对…熟悉/通晓； sb. be familiar with sb.与某人过分亲热；sth. be familiar to sb. 为某人所熟悉；familiarity n. 熟悉，亲密；◆similar：
be similar to 与…相似/类似；similarity n. 相似，相似之点
27.A new generation of sports is capturing the hearts and minds of people who are willing to try something new. 新一代的体育运动占据了想尝试新鲜事物的人们的所有心思。
capture: vt. 捕获；占领；赢得
Our task was to capture a number of these monkeys alive. 我们的任务是活捉许多猴子。
He captured first place in the men’s broad jump with a leap of 7.51 meters.
他以7.51米的成绩取得了男子跳远的第一名
28 center v.
(1) center on /upon 将…当作中心或重点; 集中于
Their talks always center on politics. 他们的谈话总是围绕着政治。
The discussion centers on the most important questions.
(2) center sth. on /upon 将某物集中在…上/集中于….
29 concentrate vt.
1) 集中：~ (one’s thought/attention…) on/upon…集中(思想/注意力…) 于…
We must ~ our attention on efficiency. 我们必须把注意力集中在效率上。
2) 聚集, 集结＝center
Our population is concentrated in the big cities. 我国人口集中在大城市里。
concentrate on/upon全神贯注;专心致志于；全力以赴；专心
She couldn't concentrate on a book very long. 她不能长时间专心读一本书。
n. concentration camp 集中营
30.delight n.
1) 欣喜,愉快 [U]＝joy
to one’s delight令…高兴的是 ；with delight兴高采烈/高兴地 ；take/find delight in以…为乐
2) 乐事,乐趣[C] He enjoyed the delights of New York's night life. 他喜欢纽约夜生活的乐趣。
vt. 使高兴；使愉快=please
The clown ~ed the audience. 小丑逗乐了观众。
I'm delighted that you are back. 你回来了,我很高兴。
We were delighted to read your novel. 我们很高兴拜读你的小说。
be delighted by/with sth. 因…而高兴
31.register
1) vt.登记,注册,申报; (仪表等)标示,;记录=read
He went to the city hall to register the birth of his son. 他去市政厅为他儿子作出生登记。
The thermometer registered 70 degrees. 温度计显示七十度。
2) vi.登记,注册
I registered at a hotel near the train station. 我在靠近火车站的一家旅馆登记住宿
Unit 2 Crossing Limits
1、 课程标准要求掌握的项目：
1. 话题： Talking about exploring the world.
2. 词汇：evaluate, various, key, origin, equip, puzzle, wealthy, Asian, African, ambassador, wander, motherland, existence, navy, treasure, command, royal, embassy, zebra, volunteer, radium, dam, suggest, accomplish, sickness, unable, sacred, refer, aircraft, arise, evidence, chairman, praise, in the name of, in exchange for, set sail, in return, bring up, apart from, refer to, run out
3. 功能：形式评估和做出决定：Judging situation and making decisions
…, all nations in the world agreed…
Some would say…
We should, however, realize…
2、 课文中出现的词组
make decisions about… 做出…决定take possession of… 占有，占领in the name of… 以……名义be equipped with… 配备，装备a state key project 国家重点工程masses of… 大量的have contact with…接触到…，和…有联系in exchange for… 交换be known to sb. 为某人所知on/ off the coast of…在……海岸be taken prisoner 被俘获refer to…查阅, 提到, 谈到,涉及date from=date back to…自某时代存在至今，追溯到，属于（某一历史时期），始于reach the height of one’s power 达到了权利的顶峰have the will to do sth.有意做……under the command of…在…的指挥下set sail 扬帆起航renew relations with…恢复和……的关系in return 作为回报apart from 远离，除……之外adjust to… 适应，调节，调整rely on 依赖，依靠run out 用完；耗尽; 强使离去；驱逐 25．make an attempt to do sth.试图做……26. leave behind 留下，遗留27．base on 以…为基础，以…为根据28．argue for / against 赞成/反对…29．lose one’s interest in…对……失去兴趣30．in search of / in one’s search for…寻找31．concentrate on…集中，全神贯注于……32．be active in =take an active part in 积极参加…33．by accident =by chance 偶然34．more or less 或多或少，几乎35．hear about/ of 听说36．turn out to be…结果是， 证明是37．sail westward 向西航行38．on earth 在世上，究竟39．act as 担当40．bring up照料，教育（小孩）；抚养41. make / find one’s way to… 行进，前行42．be up against 面临，必须对付（困境或对手）43． make a voyage /journey / trip go on a voyage / journey / trip 44. a large sum of money 一大笔钱45. be praises as… 被誉为…46．in common with…和……一样
三、句型
1. It is well known that Africa had contacts with India and the Red Sea civilizations form the earliest times.
2. It was a major development that the Africans were reaching out to China.
3. The wonderful gift and the contact with the black court so excited China’s curiosity about Africa that Zheng He sent a message to the king and to other African states, inviting them to send ambassadors and open embassies in the new Ming capital, Beijing.
4. The exchange of goods had a symbolic meaning far more important than the value of the goods themselves.
5. All that was left to be conquered was the “third pole”, the highest mountain on earth, Mount Qomolangma.
6. some suggested that it not be accomplished.
7. Climbing at such high altitudes requires great skill and is not without risk.
8. Apart from the cold, thin air and low oxygen levels can cause mountain sickness, which can kill.
9. They had no idea what they were up against and failed to reach the top.
10. The local Tibetans and Sherpas laughed at the strange bottles containing what they referred to as “English air”.
11. In later years the question arose who was the first in the team to reach the top.
12. When their oxygen ran out, they had no chance of surviving.
13. The New Zealander Edmund Hillary and the Sherpa Tenzing Norgay, as members of a British team, were the first to make it to the summit of Mount Womolangma.
14. Tasman sailed past Australia without seeing the continent, but discovered Tasmania and the west coast of New Zealand, which he thought was part of the southern continent.
15. What he needed was a new pair of glasses because what he had seen were not people but penguins.
16. He was positive about the existence of a large unknown continent, and believed its northern coast to be lying somewhere in the Pacific Ocean.
17. Unable to find it, he decided to set sail for New Zealand, which had already been discovered by the Dutch.
3、 部分知识点讲解
1．various adj．各种各样的。不同的 He analyzed the various factors． 他分析了各种不同因素。 Of all the various ways of cooking an egg，I like boiling best． various，varied都可作“各种各样的”解，大部分情况下可通用，但varied可表示“正在变化之中的”，如：a varied life。2．in the name of以……的名义。代表 I arrest you in the name of the law． 我以法律的名义逮捕你。 The prime minister spoke in the name of the King．部长代表国王讲话。I opened an account in the bank in your name．我以你的名义在银行开了一个账号。by name用(靠、按)名字，名叫；by the name of名叫……；of the name of名字叫……；name after以……命名3．accurate adj．精确的。准确的。正确无误的His information was accurate．他的信息很准确。accurate强调“精确无误”。如：in accurate calculation精确的计算correct按一定标准没有差错。如：I correct answer正确的答案right很多情况下可与correct互换，但常有道德上认可的含义，如：the right course of action正确的行动方针4. suggest vt．(1)提议，建议。后跟动名词、that从句(从句中谓语动词用should do，should可省略)suggest sth．to sb．He suggested the idea to me． 他向我提出那种想法。I suggest going there at once．我建议立刻去那里。The teacher suggested that we do our homework now．老师建议我们现在就做作业。(2)使人想起，暗示His pale face suggests that he is i11．他的苍白的脸色表明他病了。5. accomplish vt．达到(目的)。完成(任务)，实现(计划)This task is accomplished by great effort．完成这项任务花了很大力气。He accomplished a great deal during his first year．第一年他就取得了很多成绩。It is the workers who will accomplish this task．就是工人们将完成这项任务。accomplish指做到底，实现一个计划，如：to accomplish a trip完成一次旅行finish指完成日常的事，如：He finished the homework．他完成了作业。complete指加上缺少的部分，如：to complete the sentence把句子补充完整6. apart from除……外He works until nine o‘clock every evening，and that’s quite apart from the work he does over the weekend．他每天晚上工作到9点，这还不算他周末加班。Apart from the salary，ifs not a bad job．除工资(偏低)外，这工作不错。Apart from you and me，I don’t think there was anyone there under thirty．除你我之外，我认为没有人在30岁以下。There can be no knowledge apart from practice．不可能有脱离实践的知识。归纳拓展：apart from , in addition(to) , besides, as well (as) ,except for ,except, but(1)apart from这个复合介词兼有“除外”和“包括”的双重意义。(2)以下短语或单词意义相近，均表示“除……之外还有 ……”这一“附加”意义。 in addition(to) besides as well(as)(3)以下短语或单词均表示“除……之外没有……”这一“排除”意义。 except for except but7．arise vi．出现。发生；由……引起。由……发生 A difficulty arose right here． 困难就在这里。 How did the quarrel arise 这次争吵是怎么引起的 Originally，organic compounds were thought to arise from life processes． 最初有机化合物是由生命过程产生的。 rise vi．升起，上涨；raise vt．举起，提高，提升，提出；饲养(羊、鸡等)，抚养(子女等)，招募(军队等)，募捐(钱等)。8．in exchange for交换。互换 He gave me an apple in exchange for a cake． 他给我一个苹果，换一块蛋糕。 They were given food and shelter in exchange for wor用劳动换取食物和栖身之处。9．bring up教育；养育；提出；引出；呕吐；to bring up the question提出问题 She was brought up by her grandparents． 她是由爷爷奶奶带大的。 He brought up all the food he had eaten． 他把吃下的食物都呕吐出来了。 归纳拓展：bring in获利；赚；bring about带来，引起；bring down使……降低 The boys bring in￡60 a week． 这些男孩子每周赚60镑。 How much did the sideline bring the farmer family in last year 去年副业使这家农户增加了多少收入 The Internet has brought about big changes in the way we work． 因特网使我们的工作方式发生了很大变化。 We’d better wait till they bring down their prices． 我们最好等他们降价。§2．2发散思维 run out of用光。用尽 We are running out of water． 我们的水要用尽了。 We ran out of petrol yesterday． 昨天我们用光了汽油。 比较：All our supply of food has run out． 我们所有的食品供应都用光了。We decided we had better go home，before our money ran out．我们决定最好在钱用光之前回家。表示“用光、用尽”的还有：use up，give outAll those I had are used up．我所有的都用光了。They have used up their money．他们用光了钱。The fuel gave out．燃料用光了。You can’t have a hot bath—the water will give out．你不能洗热水澡了。要没水了。从以上例子可看出，虽然这些词组都表示“用光、用完”，但use up，run out of为及物动词，而run out，give out为不及物动词。归纳拓展：run into遇上，偶然遇到；陷于，碰上(困境、麻烦等)I ran into Emma on my way home．我在回家的路上碰到了Emma。If you run into difficulties，try to overcome them．如遇困难，要努力去克服。
Unit 3 The Land down under
一、课程标准要求掌握的项目
1、话题：Talking about Australia history, geography, nature, customs and culture
2、词汇：strait, islander, fellow, criminal, govern, governor, resemble, diverse, transform, immigration, strengthen, differ, pronunciation, vocabulary, female, concept, chew, chairwoman, entire, mine, fence, outdoors, birthplace, outing, lemonade, barbecue, roast, steak, barrier, pointed, claw, hairy, medium, bushy, as a consequence (of), break out, feed…on, round up
3、功能：复习表达禁止与警告的日常用语（Expressing prohibitions and warnings ）
Look out! Be careful! Take care! Don’t (do)…, Never (do)…, you’d better (not do)…
You can’t / mustn’t…, If you…, you’ll…, you are not allowed to
4、词组
stay safe 保持安全an experienced outback guide a ten-day trip 十天的旅行go bushwalking/cycling/surfing 去灌木丛中散步/去骑自行车/去冲浪warn sb. of…提醒某人注意/提防……be made up of…=consist of 由……组成be surrounded by…被……包围stand for…代表be used to do /be used to doing…the first Australians 首批澳大利亚人at least 至少be chosen as…被选为……be known as…被称之为……be harmful to…对……有害as a consequence 结果take away from 剥夺have an influence on…=have an effect on/upon =influence sb/sth =affect sb/sthsuffer from…遭受transform…into…把……转变成benefit from…受益于 improve one’s living conditions differ from…be different form 与……不同get away from 逃离daily life 日常生活set foot on…踏上……sense of responsibility 责任感be connected to…与……相连接lay eggs 产卵，下蛋feed…on…用……喂养give birth to 生产，产生keep out (of )不使……入内round up 聚拢depend on 依赖，依靠，取决于all the year round 一年到头on an open fire 在篝火上hand down 传下来become /be experienced at 在……有经验lack of 缺乏die from 死于……in addition to…除……之外be intended for…other than 不同于，除了
5. 句型
1. Sydney is perhaps Australia’s most famous city, but the capital of Australia is Canberra, a city located between Sydney and Melbourne.
2. Some Australian Aborigines still live in a similar way to their ancestors, while others live in cities, towns and the country in the same way as their fellow Australians.
3. Later, when the American War of Independence made it impossible for England to send prisoners to North America, Australia was chosen as a new place where prisoners and criminals were sent.
4. It would be many years until Australia learnt to respect Aborigines and recognize the importance of a diverse society.
5. While some of the Aboriginal languages have been lost, people are trying hard to protect and record what is left.
6. Scientists have discovered that the Aborigines were among the first to create rock art and to make tools.
7. It was not until the 1960s that the Australian government came to realize the importance of passing laws to strengthen the rights of the “first Australians”.
8. Only in this way could the people in Australia build a society of diverse cultures.
9. Having been separated from other continents for millions of years, Australia has many plant and animals that cannot be found anywhere else in the world.
10. In area it is approximately the same size as the USA ,which, however, has more than fourteen times as many people.
6． 部分知识点讲解：
people 的含义
（1） 相当于persons (一个以上的人) There are many people in the room
（2） 指persons in general 人们。What will people think of this 人们将如何看待这件事？
（3） 指all the ordinary members of a state 人民（与the连用）serve the people heart and soul
（4） 指those persons who live in a particular place or have a particular nationality 某一地的居民或具有某一国籍的人民。the people of London 伦敦居民，the British people 英国人民
（5） 指nation (民族)，race （人种），tribe (部落)等，此时people为单数，其复数形式为peoples
the peoples of the world 世界各民族；Europe is made up of many peoples.
典型例题：The Chinese people(人民)are a hardworking people (民族)。
fellow 的含义
（1） 人，男人 Paul is an easy-going sort of fellow.保罗是个随和的人。
（2） 朋友（用语友好地称呼男人）。Hello my dear fellow!你好，亲爱的朋友！
（3） 伙伴们（指工作的同事或学校的同学）He’s much more serious than his school fellows.
（4） [重要学会的]会员，[学院的]董事，研究员
（5） [形容词] 同事，同学，同胞等；She ignored her fellow passengers throughout the whole journey.
claim vt（根据权利）要求，认领，索赔; 自称；主张
Did you claim on the insurance after your car accident
She claims that she is related to the Queen.
She claims to be related to the Queen.
as a consequence 结果，后果
as a consequence= in consequence/as a result
After graduation, he became quite lazy. As a consequence, he lost what he owned.
in consequence of =as a result of/because of/due to/owing to
In consequence of his rudeness, he was fired by his boss
make up 和解,和好;虚构,编造;化妆;补偿,弥补;凑钱 be made up of 由……组成
It is very hard to make up the quarrel between the couple.
Don’t make up any excuse to cheat me.
I find no time to make myself up every day.
Hard work can make up for a lack of intelligence.
Have you made up the money for your class
while
(1) while并列连词，表示对比或对照 Mr Smith is a play writer while his wife is a famous actress.
⑵while当……的时候，引导时间状语从句 While working in the office, he found a stranger steal in.
⑶while表示让步，“虽然，尽管” While the parents love the children, they are strict with them.

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12高三英语词汇双解及用法Units 1—8
Unit 1 That must be a record
Words and expressions
beard n. the hair which grows on a man\'s face (下巴上的)胡须；络腮胡子
Sailors often grow beards. 船员常爱留胡子。
cheetah n. 猎豹；印度豹
sailfish n. 旗鱼
voyager n. 航行者；航海者；航天者；旅客
tight adj. firm so that you can not untie or undo it easily 紧的；牢固的
These shoes are too tight----I need a bigger pair. 这鞋太紧——我需要一双大一点的。
tightrope n.[c] 拉紧的绳索/钢索
a tightrope walker 走绳索 (表演) 者
gorge a deep, narrow passage with steep rocky sides; a ravine 峡谷
the Three Gorges 三峡
edition n.[c] form in which a book is published 版本；版次
The first edition of Robinson Crusoe was printed in 1719.
《鲁滨逊漂流记》第一版是在1797年出版的。
moustache n.[c] 髭(蓄在上唇之须)；小胡子=(美)mustache
have [wear] a mustache [a pair of mustaches] 留着小胡子 [留着八字胡]
Urumqi [uXrumqi] n. 乌鲁木齐(即迪化,中国新疆自治区首府省会)
brewery n. an establishment for the manufacture of malt liquors, such as beer and ale
啤酒厂 pl. breweries
conclude vt. to bring or come to an end 结束
The meeting was concluded yesterday. 会议昨天结束了。
e to an idea after thinking 推断出；断定
We concluded that the animal was dead as it did not move.
我们断定这只野兽是死的，因为它一动也不动。
hire vt. pay to use something, or to use someone\'s help 租；雇佣
He hired a car with a driver. 他租了一辆带司机的汽车。
send in send to the proper person or authority; hand in 递送；呈送；提交
Have you sent in your application 你的申请书送上去了吗？
set down to write down; copy; record in writing or printing 写下；抄下；记下
You had better set your idea down before you forget it.
你最好在未忘记以前把你的想法写下来。
feat n. an act of skill, endurance, imagination, or strength; an achievement 技艺；本领
feats of horsemanship 马术
a notable act or deed, especially an act of courage; an exploit 功绩
a feat of arms 战功
length n.[u] the distance from one end to the other 长；长度
What is the length of the car 这辆汽车有多长？
hectare n. a metric unit of area equal to 100 ares (2.471 acres) 公顷 [等于100公亩(2.471英亩）]（合十五市亩）
athletic adj. of, relating to, or befitting athletics or athletes 运动（员）的
athletic sports 体育运动
adj. physically strong; muscular体格健壮的
an athletic girl 身强力壮的女孩
fade vi. to lose strength, colour, freshness, etc. 凋谢；褪色
Flowers fade when they come to an end. 花儿开过就凋谢了。
vt. cause to lose colour 使褪色
The sunlight has faded my tie. 阳光晒得我的领带褪了颜色。
in a row 一个接一个地；连续不断地
sit in a row 坐成一排
in the first place adv. 首先；第一
account n. saying or writing about what happened 叙述；描写；报道
He has given me an account of what happened. 他对我讲了事情的经过。
n. a record of money owned or owed in a bank, hotel, etc. 账目；账户
A shop keeper must keep accounts. 店主必须记账。
attempt vt. to try 尝试；试图；努力
They attempted to finish the work within a month. 他们试图在一个月内完成这项工作。
n. the act of trying 企图；试图
He made an attempt to pass the exam, but it was too difficult.他试图通过考试，但考试太难了。
suitable adj. right for a person, happening, place, etc合适的；恰当的
Thick clothes are not suitable for hot weather. 厚衣服不适于热天穿。
apply for ask for 申请; 请求
He applies to the consul for a visa. 他向领事申请签证。
inspect vt. look at something carefully 检查；细看
Ted inspected the car before he bought it. 特德仔细看了那辆车之后才买。
vt. visit people or places to see that work is done well 视察；参观
Several years later, they heard that Napoleon himself was coming to inspect them.
几年以后，听说拿破仑本人要来视察他们。
confirm vt. make certain 证实；确认
The statement is confirmed by testimony. 这个说法由证据所证实了。
certificate n. piece of paper with writing that tells something about someone 证书；证明
I received this certificate when I passed the exam. 我考试及格以后领到了这份证书。
gradual adj. happening slowly and step by step; not sudden 逐渐的；逐步的
It didn\'t happen suddenly; the change was gradual. 这事情不是突然发生的，是逐渐变化的。
blank adj. empty; with no writing on it 空白的
Give me a blank sheet of paper, please. 请给我一张空白的纸。
n. a space left empty or to be filled in 空白处
Fill in the blank with prepositions. 用介词填空。
enthusiastic adj. with enthusiasm 热情的；热心的
The imperialists are enthusiastic about the war. 帝国主义者热衷于战争。
bid n.[c] the amount offered or proposed; an offer or proposal of a price投标；出价
Bids were invited for building the bridge. 为新桥的建造而进行招标。
vi. to make an offer to pay or accept a specified price 投标 (bid; bid)
Several companies will bid for/on the contract. 数家公司要投标争取合约。
decade n.[c] a period of 10 years十年
Prices have risen steadily during the past decade. 过去十年中价格已稳步地上涨。
committee n. small group of people chosen by others to plan and organize委员会
The bill has passed through the committee. 该提案已在委员会通过。
fascinate vt. to attact; to charm 使入迷；吸引
The monkeys in the zoo fascinated me. 动物园里的猴子使我着了迷。
burst vi. to break because of the force inside 炸破；胀破
The bag was so full that it burst open. 袋子那么满，都胀裂了。
vi. explode 爆炸
I had an accident when a tyre burst. 车胎爆了，我出了事故。
burst into begin suddenly or violently 突然开始；爆发出
They were so moved that they burst into tears. 他们都感动得哭了起来。
underline vt. draw a line under a word, sentence, etc.在（词、句子等）下面划线
Underline all the sentences you do not know. 在你不懂的句子下面划一条线。
globe n. anything round like a ball 球状物；地球；地球仪
I\'m interested in studying the globe in my spare time. 闲暇时我对研究地球仪很感兴趣。
bush n.[c] plant like a short tree, with many branches灌木
My coat caught in a bush. 我的衣服被矮树丛钩往了。
n.[u] wild country with small trees 灌林地带；荒野
There is much bush in Australia and Africa. 在澳洲和非洲有许多未开发的丛林。
spaceman n. 宇航员；太空人
ramp n. an inclined surface or roadway connecting different levels. 斜面；斜坡
a place where a sharp change in level or direction occurs 弯道
skilful adj. experienced 熟练的；有技巧的；灵巧的
The child has become skillful in reading and writing. 那个小孩变得善于读写。
He is skillful with his fingers. 他的手指灵巧。
skateboard n. long piece of wood or plastic on wheels on which one stands while it runs quickly over the ground 滑板
skateboarder R n. 玩滑板的人
administration n. management, especially of business affairs; the activity of a sovereign state in the exercise of its powers or duties 经营；管理；行政
permission n.[u] allowing someone to do something允许；许可；同意
May I have permission to leave early 可以让我早点走吗？
schoolmate n. a companion or an associate in one\'s school 同学；校友
They are my schoolmates. 他们是我的同学。
grandparent n. a parent of one\'s mother or father; a grandmother or grandfather (外）祖父（母）
recently adv. lately; not long ago 最近地；近来地
This book was published recently. 这本书是最近出版的。
familiar adj. usual, that you often see, hear, etc. 熟悉的；常见的
I am familiar with this idea. 我晓得这个意见。
The singer is familiar to every one of us. 这位歌唱家是我们大家熟悉的。
capture v. catch and hold someone or something 捕获；占领
Our army captured 1,000 of the enemy. 我军俘虏敌军一千人。
to attract and hold 吸引
tales of adventure that capture the imagination 引起想象的探险故事
centre on/upon 将某人/谋事当作中心/重点
factor n. any of the things that cause or bring about a certain result因素；要素
Time is an important factor to consider in cooking. 烹调过程中掌握时间是很重要的。
concentrate vt. bring together into one place 集中
We concentrated our forces against the enemy\'s position. 我们集中兵力攻击敌人的阵地。
vi. meet in a common centre 集中
He\'s tired and can\'t concentrate. 他累了，注意力不能集中。
concentrate on fix one\'s efforts and attention on把…集中在…上；全神贯注于
We are concentrating our efforts on socialist construction. 我们正集中力量建设社会主义。
helmet n. a head covering of hard material to protect the head头盔；钢盔；防护帽
The man on the motorcycle wore a helmet. 骑摩托车的人戴了一顶头盔。
teenage adj. of, relating to, or applicable to those aged 13 through 19 十几岁的；
青少年的
a teenage girl 一个十几岁的女孩
truly adv. really; sincerely; genuinely 真正地；真诚地；真心地
Are you truly happy in your work 你真的对你的工作满意吗？
We are truly sorry for the inconvenience. 我们真心为不便感到抱歉
delight vt. make someone very pleased, happy, etc.给人快乐；使欣喜
Her dancing delighted everyone. 她的舞蹈使人人高兴。
n.[u] great pleasure or happiness 快乐；欣喜
She read the book with delight. 她读了这本书感到非常满意。
delighted adj. very pleased; happy高兴的；快乐的
I am delighted to see you. 见到你很高兴。
energetic adj. 精力旺盛/充沛的；充满活力的
an energetic person 精力充沛的人
an energetic performance 充满活力的演出
cautious adj. careful 小心的；谨慎的
The students should be cautious not to make any mistakes in spelling.
学生们拼写时应非常小心，以避免发生错误。
outgoing adj. eager to mix socially with others; friendly好交际的；外向的
an outgoing personality 开朗的性格
register v. to enroll officially or formally, especially in order to vote or attend classes; to set down in writing; record 登记；注册；记录
He registered the birth of his child. 他登记了孩子的出生日。
skim v. to read or glance through (a book, for example) quickly or superficially浏览；略读
The book is worth skimming through. 这本书值得浏览一下。
the Tour de France 环法自行车赛
Unit 2 Crossing limits
Words and expressions
evaluate vt. to examine and judge carefully; appraise; to ascertain or fix the value or worth of 评价；估计
The research project has only been under way for three months, so it\'s too early to evaluate its success. 这个研究项目进行了不过三个月,所以要对它的成绩作出评价为时尚早。
various adj. of different kinds各种各样的；不同种类的
There are various ways of cooking rice. 做米饭有各种不同的方法。
in the name of acting for 以…的名义；代表…
We\'re very glad to greet you in the name of the Chinese people.
我们非常高兴以中国人的名义向你们致意。
key adj. of crucial importance; significant 关键的；极重要的
key decisions 意义重大的结论 the key element of the thesis 论文的中心成分
origin n. beginning; start of anything 起源；来源
What was the origin of Man 人类的起源是什么？
n. parentage, birth, or ancestors 出身；来历
He is a researcher of working class origin. 他是工人出身的研究员。
equip vt. put in a place, or give someone, all the tools, instruments, etc. that are needed 装备；配备
Our factory is equipped with modern machines. 我厂是用现代化机械装备的。
endeavor n. an earnest attempt 努力；尽力
We make every endeavor to satisfy our customers. 我们尽全力使顾客满意。
v. to attempt by employment of effort 努力；尽力
We must always endeavour to improve our work. 我们总要努力改进自己的工作。
puzzle n. problem; something that is difficult to understand; game where you must find an answer 难题；谜
It is a puzzle to me how he could come here. 我不知他是怎么到这里来的。
vt. make you think a lot because you do not understand it 使困惑；使糊涂
I am puzzled by the difficult question. 我被难题难住了。
wealthy adj. having much wealth富有的；富裕的
Wealthy men are not always happy. 有钱人未必总是幸福的。
Asian adj. native of Asia 亚洲(人)的
What\'s the difference between the Asian elephants and African elephants
亚洲象和非洲象有什么不同
n. a native or inhabitant of Asia 亚洲人
in exchange for in the place of something that you have given to someone 交换；互换
I\'ll give you three sweets in exchange for an apple. 我拿三块糖换你一个苹果。
spice n. things like ginger, pepper, cinnamon, cloves, etc. that are put into food 香料；调味品（如姜、胡椒等）
Pepper is a spice. 胡椒是一种调味品。
Arab n. a native of Arabia 阿拉伯人
adj. of the Arabs or Arabia; Arabian 阿拉伯(人)的
westernmost adj. 最西 (端) 的
African n. a native or inhabitant of Africa 非洲人
adj. of or relating to Africa or its peoples, languages, or cultures 非洲(人)的
ambassador n. a diplomatic official appointed a as representative by one government to another 大使；使节
He was appointed ambassador to Japan. 他奉派为驻日大使。
Roman adj. of or relating to ancient or modern Rome or its people or culture
罗马(人)的
n. a native, inhabitant, or citizen of ancient or mod
ern Rome 罗马人
empire n. a group of countries under one ruler, usually an emperor 帝国
the Roman Empire 罗马帝国
rhinoceros n. 犀牛
horn n. a hard, pointed thing which grows on the head of some animals（羊、牛、鹿等动物的）角
Horns are usually in pairs, one on each side of the head.
角一般都是成对的，在头部两侧一边长一个。
n. an instrument for making loud warning noises 喇叭
The taxi driver blew his horn to tell us that he had arrived.
出租汽车司机按喇叭告诉我们他到了。
wander vi. to go from place to place with no special purpose 漫游；闲逛
The boys wandered around the town with nothing to do.
那些男孩无所事事，在镇上到处闲逛。
motherland n. one\'s native land 祖国
awareness n.[u] 觉察；意识；知道
awareness of one\'s ignorance 意识到自己的无知
existence n.[u] being 存在；生存
The tree owes its existence to soil. 树木依赖泥土生存。
accurate adj. conforming exactly to fact; errorless 准确的
deviating only slightly or within acceptable limits from a standard 精确的
Is this watch accurate 这只表准吗
navy n. all the warships of a country, with officers and men 海军
the army, navy and air force 陆、海、空军三军
treasure n. store of gold, silver, jewels, money, or other valuable things 财宝；财富
They were looking for buried treasure. 他们在寻找埋在地下的财宝。
fleet n. big groups of ships; a number of ships, airplanes, automobiles etc. moving together 舰队；船队；机群；汽车队
The Sixth Fleet of the United States Navy was ordered to the South Sea.
美国海军第六舰队受命驶向南海。
command n. an order; the act of commanding 命令；指挥
The policeman gave the command to stop. 警察下令停下。
n. ability to control; mastery 控制；精通
He has a good command of English. 他英语掌握得很好。
vt. order; control 命令；指挥；控制
The policeman commanded the car to stop. 警察命令汽车停下。
set sail (from/to/for) on a voyage 启航；扬帆
The liner set sail for New York at 8:30. 轮船在八时半启航开往纽约。
royal adj. of or relating to a monarch. 王室的；皇家的
a royal family/palace 王室/宫 a royal house 皇家
embassy n.[c] place where embassy people live and work 大使馆
To go to the United States, you must get a visa at the U.S. embassy.
你必须从美国大使馆得到签证才能去美国。
zebra n.[c] an African mammal related to the horse and having dark stripes on a light body 斑马
The zebra is a kind of horse that lives in Africa. 斑马是生活在非洲的一种马。
in return in exchange 作为回报
She presented me a dictionary in return. 她送给我一本词典作为答谢。
symbolic adj. of, relating to, or expressed by means of symbols or a symbol象征的；
符号的
The dove is symbolic of peace. 鸽子象征和平。
symbolic language 符号语言
volunteer n. someone who volunteers to do a job or to join the army 自愿者
That man is a volunteer fireman in this town. 那个人是这个镇里的志愿消防队员。
v. offer to do a job that is unpleasant, difficult, or dangerous 自愿从事
Two men volunteered to search for the missing climber.
两个人自告奋勇去寻找那位失踪的登山运动员。
radium n. a chemical element that gives off rays 镭
Radioactivity is a special quality of radium. 放射性是镭的一种特性。
sum n. an amount obtained as a result of adding numbers 总数；和
Eleven is the sum of six and five. 十一是六加五的和。
n. amount of money一笔（金额）
He paid a large sum for the house. 他出一笔巨款买了这所房子。
dam n.[c] a barrier constructed across a waterway to control the flow or raise the level of water 水坝；堤
There are several dams across the Huai River. 淮河上有几座水闸。
bring up look after and educate children, etc 教养；培养
I was brought up by my aunt. 我是我姑姑抚养成人的。
introduce to notice or consideration, mention 提出
Why don\'t you bring this up at the meeting 你何不在会上提出这个问题？
horizon n. line where the earth or sea seems to meet the sky 地平线
The sun sank below the horizon. 太阳落到地平线以下了。
navigation n. the act of navigating; the passage of ships, etc. over the sea, etc. 航行；航海；航空
aerial navigation 空中航行；航空 ocean navigation 远洋航行
Korea n. peninsula in east Asia, extending south from northeast China 朝鲜；韩国
suggest vt. give someone an idea; say that something will be possible 建议；提议 I suggested that we (should) hold a meeting tonight. 我提议我们今晚开个会。
vt. bring to mind 使人想起；暗示
Smoke suggests fire. 有烟就有火。
accomplish vt. finish something; complete; carry out 完成；实现
You have accomplished a purpose. 你达到了目的。
apart from prep. with the exception of; besides 除…外；除…外还
Apart from the cost, it will take a lot of time. 除了费钱以外，还要花很多时间。
sickness n.[u] the condition of being sick; illness 疾病
Viruses and germs cause most sicknesses. 病毒与细菌引起大部分的疾病。
n.[u] be overcome by a feeling of sickness 恶心
unable adj. not able to do something不能的；不会的；无能为力的
He was unable to walk. 他不能走。
the Himalayas n. 喜马拉雅山脉
sacred adj. of god or religion; holy神圣的
A church is a sacred building. 教堂是一个神圣的处所。
Sherpa n. 夏尔巴人(西藏的一种族)
Tibet n. 西藏
honesty n. the condition or quality of being honest; freedom from deceit or cheating
诚实
(prov.) Honesty is the best policy. （谚）诚实为上策。
dedication n.[u] the act of dedicating奉献
His dedication to teaching gained the respect of his students.
他对教学的奉献得到了学生们尊敬。
n.[c] words used in dedicating a book or other work 题献；献词
The book\'s dedication reads \"To Mother\". 本书献词写道：“献给母亲”。
ideal adj. very best, exactly right 完美的；理想的
This place is ideal for a picnic. 这个地方野餐最理想。
refer vi. speak about something 谈到；涉及；所指
This is not the dictionary which I referred to. 这不是我所指的那本词典。
vt. hand over to (someone) for a decision; send or direct to (someone or something) for help or action 呈交；提交
We refer the question to them. 我们把这个问题提交他们处理。
refer to 提到
Don\'t refer to that problem again, please. 请不要再提那个问题了。
run out become exhausted or used up; come to the end of a supply, etc. 被用完；耗完
The aircraft will run out of fuel in another hour. 飞机再过一小时燃料就将用完。
technological adj. 技术的
technological development 科学技术的发展
aircraft n. machine that flies; aeroplane; helicopter 飞行器；飞机
arise vi. happen; start发生；产生 (arose; arisen)
How did the quarrel arise 争吵是怎样发生的？
vi. move upward; ascend 向上；上升
When I started off, the sun was arising. 我出发时太阳正在升起。
evidence n.[u] proof; something that shows what has happened and why it has happened 证据；证明
There is no evidence that he is guilty. 没有证据证明他有罪。
chairman n. the person who is in charge of meeting 主席；董事长
chairman of the meeting 会议主席 a bank board chairman 银行董事长
praise vt. say that something or someone is good表扬；称赞
The teacher praised Tom for his homework. 教员表扬汤姆的家庭作业做得好。
n. the act of saying that a person or a thing is good, words expressing admiration, applause
赞美；称赞
He had a lot of praise for Tom\'s work. 他十分称赞汤姆的工作。
Christopher Columbus [XkristRfR kRXlVmbRs] 克里斯托佛·哥伦布(西班牙航海家)
Marco Polo [XmQkRu XpRulRu] 马可·波罗(意大利旅行家)
Ceylon n. 锡兰(现称斯里兰卡)
Unit 3 The land down under
Words and expressions
Canberra n. 堪培拉(澳大利亚首都)
outback n. [the ～] (澳大利亚)内地 adj. 内地的
territory n. land that belongs to one government 领土；领域
This island is our territory. 这个岛是我国领土。
Queensland [‘kwI:nzlEnd] n. 昆士兰 (澳大利亚州名)
Victoria n. 维多利亚(澳大利亚州名)
Tasmania [tAz’meniE] n. 塔斯马尼亚(岛)（澳大利亚地名）
Aborigines n. (尤指澳大利亚的)土著居民
strait n. a narrow piece of water connecting two larger bodies of water 海峡
The strait is narrow. 这个海峡很窄。
Torres [‘tRrEs]Strait 托雷斯海峡
islander n. an inhabitant of an island 岛上居民
fellow adj. being of the same kind, group, occupation, society; having in common certain characteristics or interests 同事的，同类的
fellow workers 同事
n. people of the same sort, friends; a man 同类；伙伴；家伙
We are fellows at school. 我们是同学。
What a nice fellow he is! 他是个多么好的人啊！
Portuguese adj. 葡萄牙（人）的；葡萄牙语的 n. 葡萄牙人；葡萄牙语
Dutch adj. 荷兰(人)的；荷兰(语)的 n. [the ～] 荷兰人；荷兰语
claim vt. say that you should have something 要求
He can fairly claim to have more. 他可以正当地要求多给些。
vt. to say that something belongs to you 认领
I lost my umbrella, but claimed it at the lost property office.
我把伞丢了，后来在失物招领处认领回来了。
vt. state as a fact, despite objections; assert; maintain 声称
He claims to have written the article in two days. 他声称只用两天就把文章写成了。
n. a demand for something to which one has a real or supposed right 要求
They made a claim for higher pay. 他提出更高报酬的要求。
criminal n. a person who has done something seriously against law 罪犯；犯人
The judge imposes a punishment on the criminal. 法庭处罚这个罪犯。
adj. law breaking 犯罪的
Criminal parents could corrupt any child. 犯罪的父母可使孩子变坏。
govern v. to make laws for a country, to rule统治；治理
Who governs this country 谁治理这个国家？
governor n. someone who rules a state or province 州长；省长；总督
Who is the Governor of Hong Kong 香港总督是谁？
newcomer n. one who has only recently arrived 新来的人；新手
a newcomer to the big city 刚来到大都市的人
a newcomer to politics 政界的新人
as a consequence (of) in consequence 作为/由于……的结果；因而
She worked hard at her lessons and as a consequence got high marks.
她努力学习功课，因而得了很高的分数。
resemble vt. to exhibit similarity or likeness to 像；类似
She resembles her mother in the way she moves her hands when she talks.
她说话时打手势的动作像她妈妈。
commonwealth n. 共和国；联邦；共同体
the Commonwealth of Australia 澳大利亚联邦
diverse adj. differing one from another; different 不同的；多种多样的
have diverse interests 有多种兴趣
transform vt. change the shape of someone or something; make something look different 改变；转变
Heat can transform water into steam. 热能使水变为蒸汽。
immigration n.[u] the act of coming into a country; the place where you enter a country移民
After the Customs, you must show your passport to the office at Immigration.
通过海关之后，你必须在移民局出示你的护照。
strengthen vt. to make strong or increase the strength of 加强
The fence was strengthened with wire. 这堵围栏用金属丝加固了。
vi. to become strong or stronger 变强
Our enemy has greatly strengthened during the truce talks. 和谈期间，敌人力量已大为增强。
differ vi. not to be the same 不同；相异
I must differ from you. 我不能同意你的意见。
pronunciation n. how you say a word or words 发音
His pronunciation is very bad. 他的发音很糟。
vocabulary n.[c] all the words in a language 词汇
He has a vocabulary of only a few hundred words. 他掌握的词汇只有几百个字。
n.[c] list of words in a lesson or book 词汇表
There is an English Chinese vocabulary at the end of the book. 书末附有英汉词汇表。
n.[c] all the words that one person knows 词汇量
A young child has a small vocabulary. 小孩子的词汇量小。
mate n.[c] friend; someone who works or learns, etc. with you 伙伴；同事
His mates waited for him by the gate. 他的同事在门口等他。
n.[c] husband or wife 配偶
She has been a faithful mate to him. 她一直都是他忠实的妻子。
v. to join closely; pair. (使)密切结合；(使)配对
sheila [5Fi:lE] n. ( Australian) a girl or young woman 少女；少妇
female n.[c] woman or girl; animal that can have baby animals; plant that has fruit 女子；雌性植物
A daughter is a female child. 女儿是女性孩子。
adj. of, relating to, or denoting the sex that produces ova or bears young. 女的；女性的
wilderness n. an unsettled, uncultivated region left in its natural condition荒野；荒地
billabong n. a dead-end channel extending from the main stream of a river死河；
干河道
aboriginal adj. of or relating to aborigines 土著的
aboriginal races 原始种族
concept n. a thought; an idea; a general notion 概念；观念
A small baby has no conc ept of right and wrong. 小孩不懂什么是正确和错误。
break out start suddenly 爆发；突然发生
A fire broke out near here yesterday. 昨天此地附近发生了一场火灾。
chew vt. to bite and grind with the teeth; masticate 咀嚼
You must chew your food well before you swallow it. 你吞下食物以前必须要好好咀嚼。
vt. to meditate on; ponder 深思
The judge chewed the matter over before making a decision. 法官在判决前仔细考虑过此事。
chairwoman n. a woman presiding officer of an assembly, meeting, committee, or board 女主席；女董事长
feed ... on to serve as food for 喂养；饲养
We feed the sheep on grass. 我们给羊吃草。
koala n. 树袋熊；考拉(澳洲产无尾熊，即koala bear)
entire adj. complete; whole; without anything left out 完全的；整个的；全部的
The ship sank with the entire crew. 轮船及全体船员都沉没了。
Alaska n. 阿拉斯加(美国州名)
mine n.[c] big hole in the ground that people make when they are looking for coal,
metal, diamonds, etc. 矿井
There are many coal mines in the north. 北方有许多煤矿。
n.[c] a bomb placed in the ground or water for destroying enemy soldiers or ships 地雷
The lorry was destroyed by a land mine. 这辆卡车被一个地雷炸毁了。
v. dig for coal, gold, etc. in the ground 采矿
Gold is mined from deep under ground. 黄金是在很深的地下采的。
fence n.[c] a barrier round a garden or field 篱笆；围栏
We built a fence around the yard to keep the dog in.
为了不让狗出去我们在院子四周筑起一道篱笆。
dingo n. 澳洲野犬
round up to bring together; to collect in one place 赶拢；使集拢
They try to round up a scattered herd of cattle. 他们试图把分散的牲口赶在一起。
outdoors adv. in the open air, outside 在野外；在户外
They often worked outdoors. 他们常常在户外工作。
birthplace n. the place where someone is born or where something originates
出生地；发源地
outing n.[c] short journey to enjoy yourself 出外游玩；短途旅行
The children had plenty of outings during the summer. 孩子们夏天常外出游玩。
lemonade n. a drink made of lemon juice, water, and sugar 柠檬水
barbecue a social gathering, usually held outdoors, at which food is cooked over an open flame 户外烤肉餐；烧烤
vt. to roast or grill (meat or seafood) over live coals or an open fire 烧烤
roast vt. to cook with dry heat, as in an oven or near hot coals 烘烤
The meat is roasting. 肉正烤着。
adj. roasted 烘烤过的
roast duck. 烤鸭
steak n. a thick slice of meat or fish cut for frying, grilling, etc 肉排；鱼排 (尤指)牛排 =beefsteak
barrier n.[c] a divider between two things障碍
The police put a barrier across the road. 警察设了路障。
the Great Barrier Reef 大堡礁
logical adj. reasoning; reasonable 合逻辑的；合乎情理的
His argument seems logical. 他的论据似乎有道理 [合逻辑] 。
wombat n. 袋熊
pointed adj. with a sharp end尖的
That is a pointed stick. 那是一根尖棍。
adj. sharp; clear and direct 直截了当的；率直的
His pointed remarks about the party were not polite. 他对聚会直率的议论显得很不礼貌。
claw n. one of the pointed nails on the feet of some animals and birds; hand on a crab, etc. （禽兽）爪；脚爪；（蟹等）钳；螯
Cats have very sharp claws. 猫有着锋利的脚爪。
A crab has two claws. 螃蟹有两个钳。
v. to scratch, dig, tear, or pull with or as if with claws 搔；挠；抓
The cat clawed the chair. 猫用爪子抓椅子。
hairy covered with hair or hairlike projections 多毛的；(似)毛发的
a hairy caterpillar 一条毛茸茸的毛虫
medium adj. middle, not big and not small 中等的
He is a man of medium height. 他是一个中等身材的男人。
bushy adj. covered with bushes 灌木丛生的
Unit 4 Green world
Words and expressions
procedure n. a manner of proceeding; a way of performing 程序；手续
This is the correct procedure for obtaining a visa. 这是取得签证的正确程序/手续。
a series of steps taken to accomplish an end 步骤
a long therapeutic procedure 长期治疗过程
tulip n. 郁金香
rose n.[c] a beautiful flower, which is red, white or yellow 玫瑰(花)；蔷薇(花)
Father planted roses along one side of the garden. 父亲沿着花园的一边种了玫瑰。
You lie upon roses when young, you\'ll lie upon thorns when old. 少壮不努力，老大徒伤悲。
peony n.[c] 牡丹；芍药
She blushed like a peony. 她脸红得像一朵牡丹花。
strawberry n.[c] small, soft, red fruit 草莓
Her favourite fruit is strawberry. 她最喜欢的水果是草莓。
lemon n. 柠檬
a slice of lemon 一片柠檬
bunch n. a number of things of the same kind fastened or growing together 串；束
a bunch of flowers 一束花 a bunch of grapes/keys 一串葡萄/钥匙
merely adv. only仅仅；只不过
I didn\'t stop to speak to him--I merely smiled. 我没有停下来和他说话——我只是微微一笑。
herb n. 草药；草本植物；香草
classify vt. to arrange or organize according to class or category 分类
We usually classify types of character as good or bad.
我们通常把 (人的) 性格之类型分为善与恶。
identification n. the state of being identified 鉴别；验明
the identification of high yielding seeds 高产量种子的鉴别
n. proof or evidence of identity 身份证明(缩写 ID)
His only means of identification was his passport. 他唯一证明身份的证件就是他的护照。
male adj. of the sex that does not give birth to young ones 男（性）的；雄性的
A cock is a male bird. 公鸡是雄性家禽。
n. man or boy; animal that cannot have baby animals; plant that does not have fruit 男人；雄性动物/植物
A bull, a cock and a he goat are males. 公牛，公鸡，公羊都是雄性动物。
promote vt. to contribute to the progress or growth of 促进；推进
Kindness promotes peace. 亲切的行为可以促进和睦。
vt. to raise to a more important or responsible job or rank 提升
Our teacher has been promoted to headmaster. 我们的老师已被提升为校长了。
botanical adj. of or relating to plants or plant life; of or relating to the science of botany 植物的；植物学 (上) 的
the botanical garden(s) 植物园
privilege n. a special advantage, permission, right, or benefit granted to or enjoyed by an individual, a class 特权；优惠
Our members have the privilege of using the lending service of the library.
我们的会员有享受图书馆借书服务的特权。
cozy adj. comfortable; easy 舒适的；安逸的
I felt cozy watching the hearth fire. 看着炉火我感到温暖而舒适。
appetite n. a desire for food 食欲；胃口
Exercises give one a good appetite. 运动增进食欲。
n. a strong wish or liking 爱好；欲望
He has an appetite for writing. 他好从事写书。
wealth n.[u] (lots of) money; valuable things 财富；财产
Some were owners of great wealth and property. 有些人拥有万贯家财。
Oceania n. the Pacific Islands 大洋洲
appointed vt. to select or designate to fill an office or position 任命；委派
We must appoint a new teacher at once to the mountain school.
我们必须立即委派一名新教师到那山村小学去。
vt. to fix or set by authority or by mutual agreement 约定；指定
They appointed a place to exchange stamps. 他们约定一个地方交换邮票。
Venus n. the second planet from the sun 金星
n. (Roman Mythology) the goddess of sexual love and physical beauty
维纳斯(罗马神话中爱与美的女神)
the V of Milo 米罗的维纳斯雕像
calculate vt. find an answer by working with numbers 计算
Let me calculate the cost of the journey. 让我计算一下旅途的用费。
astronomy n. the scientific study of matter in outer space 天文学
expense n. the act of spending money; cost; money used or needed for sth.花费；
支出；代价；费用
The expense of running a car has risen recent years. 近几年来使用汽车的费用增加了。
look our for to be careful of 当心；注意；警惕
Look out (for the car)! 留神(汽车)！
on a large scale 大规模地；大范围地
cocoa n. brown powder from the beans of a tree, made into chocolate 可可粉
n. drink that you make with cocoa powder and milk 可可茶
hemp n. 大麻
involve vt. to contain as a part; include 包括；涉及
All the children were involved in the school play. 所有的孩子都参加了学校排练的剧。
vt. to engage as a participant 使牵涉；使卷入；使参与
Don\'t involve other people in your trouble. 别把别人牵涉进你的麻烦中去。
enterprise ] n. an undertaking, especially one of some scope, complication, and risk; a business organization 事业；企业
government enterprise 公/国营企业 private enterprise 私/民营企业
small-to-medium-sized enterprises 中小企业
settlement n. group of homes in a place where no people have lived before 拓居地；定居点
The first settlements were on the east coast of America. 最初的殖民地是在美洲的东海岸。
n. agreeing about something after discussing it 解决（方案）
After long talks about pay, the managers and workers reached a settlement.
就工资进行长期谈判后，劳资双方达成一项解决办法。
Kew [kju:] n. 克佑(伦敦之西郊,为皇家植物园之所在地)
accumulate vt&i. to gather or pile up; amass; to mount up; increase
积累；聚集
He accumulated a fortune by hard work. 他靠努力工作积蓄了一笔财富。
Snow accumulated to a depth of 10 feet. 雪已积到十尺深。
abandon vt. leave someone or something; give up; desert 离弃；放弃；抛弃
The driver abandoned his car in the snow. 司机把汽车抛在雪地里。
straw n. dry, cut stalks of wheat, etc. 稻草；麦秆
Everyone of us had a straw hat on. 我们人人都戴草帽。
n. thin tube of paper or plastic for drinking a cold drink 麦管；吸管
He sucked Coke through a straw. 他用吸管吸可口可乐。
pineapple n. 凤梨；波萝
year after year adv. 年年；一年又一年(= year in year out)
We have visited this island year in year out and we never get bored.
我们在这个岛上参观很长时间，但我们没有厌烦。
classification n. the act or result of classifying; a category or class分类；类别
pass away die 去世
He passed away during the night. 他在晚间逝世。
Oxford n. 牛津[英国牛津郡 (Oxford shire) 的首府, 为牛津大学 (Oxford又作Oxford University) 所在地]
tone n. a sound; the quality of a sound; the voice, as expressing feeling音调；语调
She spoke in an angry tone. 她用恼怒的口气说话。
reward n. present or money that you give to thank someone for something 报酬；报答
He was given a reward for passing the examination. 他因考试及格而得到奖品。
He worked hard all his life but without much reward. 他辛勤一生，但得到的报酬却很少。
vt. give something in return for 酬谢；奖赏
He was well rewarded by the kind things people said about him.
人们表扬了他，这就是对他很好的奖励。
name… after 给……取名；命名
technician n. expert who works with machines, instruments or tools技术员；技师
Charles Darwin 查理士·达尔文(英国自然科学家)
beagle n. 小猎犬
nowhere adv. at, in, or to no place; not anywhere 任何地方都不；什么地方也没有
He was nowhere to be found. 什么地方也找不到他。
n. an unknown place 不知道的地方：
a cabin in the middle of nowhere 不知在什么中心的小屋
altogether adv. on the whole; all things considered 总共；总而言之
There were five of us altogether. 我们共有五人。
Altogether, the book is quite interesting. 总的说来，这本书相当有趣。
adv. totally; completely 完全；全部地
Some of what you say is true, but I don\'t altogether agree.
你说的有些是真的，但我不能全都同意。
finch n．雀科鸣禽
beak n. 鸟嘴
appearance n. what someone or something looks like 外貌；外表
Do not judge by appearances. 别从外貌判断事物。
n. being seen; coming 显露；出现
At the sight of his appearance on the stage, the hall rang with thunderous applause.
他一出场，礼堂里就掌声雷动。
output n.[u] amount of things that you have made 产量；产品
We must increase our output to meet people\'s needs. 我们必须增加产量来满足人们的需要。
dandelion n. 蒲公英
latter adj. 后者
Of the two, the former is better than the latter. 两者之中前者较后者为佳。
distinguish vt.& vi. show the difference in; show the difference; make a distinction 区别；辨别
He could not distinguish cotton from wool. 他不能辨认是棉花还是羊毛。
You are confusing things, let me distinguish. 你把事情越弄越糟，让我来把它区分出来。
in detail with all the facts 详细地
The teacher explained the text in detail. 老师详细地解释了课文。
millimeter [`milimitE] n. 毫米
Carl Linnaeus [`kB:l li`nI:Es] 卡尔·林尼厄斯(瑞典植物学家)
Daniel Solander [ sE`lAdE] 丹尼尔·索兰德(瑞典植物学家)
Tahiti n. 塔希提岛(位于南太平洋)
Galapagos [gE`lApEgEs] n. 加拉帕戈斯(群岛)
Gregor Mendel [`gregE `mendl] 格雷戈·门德尔(奥地利遗传学家)
Gote Turesson [`ge:tE tE`ri:sn] 约特·杜尔松(瑞典植物学家)
Unit 5 Getting the message
Words and expressions
convey vt. carry; take from one place to another; transport 传送；运载
A bus conveys passengers from the train to the boat. 一辆公共汽车把旅客从车站送到码头。
vt. serve as a means of carrying; conduct; transmit 转达；表达
Please convey my thanks to your wife. 请向你的妻子转达我的谢意。
advertise vt. to make public announcement of, especially to proclaim the qualities or advantages of (a product or business) so as to increase sales 做广告
It has been advertised in the magazine. 已在杂志上刊登了广告。
vi. to call the attention of the public to a product or business做广告
The company advertised for a new secretary. 公司登广告招聘一名新秘书。
advertiser n. 广告商；登广告者
The report gives advertisers a new picture of women today.
这份报告使广告商对今日妇女有了新的认识。
brand n.[c] a trademark or distinctive name identifying a product or a manufacturer商标；牌子
What brand of soap do you like 你喜欢什么牌子的肥皂？
consideration n.[u] thinking about something 考虑
After much consideration, I accepted the offer. 经过仔细考虑我接受了这个提议。
n.[u] being thoughtful and careful about people\'s feeling 体谅；关心
We should have consideration for the rights of others. 我们应当为别人的权利着想。
take …into consideration 考虑……
charge n. words that a policeman says when he catches someone who has done wrong 指控；控告
The man went to court on a charge of stealing. 这人被指控盗窃，进了法院。
n. payment asked for something 收费；要价
These books are free of charge. 这些书是免费的。
n. responsibility; trust 责任；委托
I put the children in your charge. 我将孩子委托你照顾。
in charge of 负责
I am in charge of this department. 我负责这一部门。
loss n. losing 丧失；丢失
He told the police about the loss of his car. 他告诉警察他的小汽车丢了。
n. something that is lost; waste 损失；浪费
His death is a great loss to the country. 他的逝世对国家是一个巨大的损失。
blame vt. to say that a person did something wrong 责怪
The driver was not to blame for the traffic accident. 那次交通事故不应该责怪司机。
n. the state of being responsible for a fault or an error; culpability 责备；谴责
The car driver took the blame for the accident. 汽车的司机承担了事故的责任。
mislead to lead into error of thought or action, especially by intentionally deceiving 使误解；使误入歧途
Don\'t let his friendly manner mislead you into trusting him.
不要让他那种友好的态度使你误信他。
misleading adj. tending to mislead 使人误解的；欺骗的
Your words were rather misleading. 你所说的话颇容易引起误解。
broadcast vt. to send out or communicate, especially by radio or television播放；播出 (broadcast, broadcasted; broadcast, broadcasted)
The agency broadcast an urgent appeal for medical supplies.
代理商通过电台紧急呼吁要求药品供应。
vi. to transmit a radio or television program for public or general use; to be on the air播放(节目)
The station begins broadcasting at 6 a.m. 电台早晨 6:00开始播音
post vt. fasten (a notice) up in a place where it can easily be seen 张贴
The names of the members of the team will be posted up today.今天将贴出这个队成员的名单。
hand in hand holding each other\'s hands; together 手拉手；共同地
They walked away hand in hand. 他们手拉手地离去了。
react vi. to act in response to or under the influence of a stimulus or prompting:反应；作出反应
Our eyes react to light. 我们的眼睛对光起反应。
vi. 反对；反抗[against]
The people soon reacted against the cruel system. 人们不久便起来反抗暴政。
annoy vt. to cause slight irritation to (another) by troublesome, often repeated acts
使生气；使烦恼
These flies are annoying me. 这些苍蝇真让人讨厌。
vi. to be annoying 招人讨厌；惹人烦恼
A fly keeps annoying. 一只苍蝇总在烦我。
annoying adj. causing vexation or irritation; troublesome 讨厌的；恼人的
an annoying cough 一声恼人的咳嗽
critic n.[c] a person who is critic by profession 批评家，评论家
These critics have agreed to his arguments. 这些评论家已同意他的论点。
accuse vt. charge with doing something wrong or having broken the law 控告；告发
She accused him of theft. 她控告他行窃。
associate vt. to connect or join together; combine联合；结合；联系
They are associated with him in business. 他们在工作上与他有关系。
vi. to connect in the mind or imagination 联想
What do you associate with such a heavy snow 这样一场大雪你有什么联想
get across (a viewpoint, etc.) become clear or understandable; make(a viewpoint,etc.)clear or understandable 被人理解；传播
He got his meaning across. 他把意思讲清楚了。
appeal vi. to make an earnest or urgent request, as for help恳求；呼吁
The government is appealing to everyone to save water. 政府呼吁每个人节约用水。
vi to make or apply for an appeal 上诉，申诉
The victims\' families of the murder have appealed to the Supreme Court.
谋杀案的被害家属已经上诉最高法院。
vi. to be attractive or interesting 有感染力；有吸引力
Does the idea of working for a venture company appeal to you
你有没有兴趣到合资企业去工作
n. an earnest or urgent request, entreaty, or supplication 呼吁；恳求
n. a resort or application to a higher authority, as for sanction, corroboration, or a decision
呼吁；上诉
a court of appeal 上诉法庭 a direct appeal 直接上诉
n. the power of attracting or of arousing interest 吸引力；感染力
a city with appeal for tourists 对游客有吸引力的城市
appeal to v. 呼吁；上诉；有吸引力
He appealed to us for support. 他恳求我们的支持。
This poem makes an appeal to the emotions. 这首诗有动人情感的力量 [有感染力] 。
frequent adj. common, habitual, repeated many times 常常发生的；频繁的
Snows are frequent in this area during December. 这个地区十二月下雪是常事。
figure n.[c] a written sign for a number 数字
The figures are not accurate. 这些数字不精确。
n.[c] how much money something costs 价格
We bought the house for a high figure. 我们高价买了这栋房子。
n.[c] a shape or drawing 图形；画像
That is a geometrical figure. 那是个几何图形。
n.[c] shape of a person or animal in stone, metal, or wood 塑像，雕像
This is the figure of Lu Xun in marble. 这是鲁迅的大理石雕像。
n.[c] a person, a character, 人物
He was one of the great figures in history. 他是历史上的伟大人物之一。
salesman n. someone whose job is to sell goods售货员；推销员
The salesman showed her nearly all the hats in the shop.
该店员几乎将店中所有帽子都拿给她看了。
saleswoman n.女售货员；女推销员
profit n. the return received on a business undertaking after all operating expenses have been met盈利；利润
Newspapers make a profit from [out of] the advertisements they carry.
报纸由其所刊登的广告获取利益。
v. 有利/益于
A wise person profits by [from] his mistakes. 智者由自己的过失中得到教益。
It will not profit you to do so. 那样做对你不会有益处的。
campaign n. a battle战役
a campaign to take the enemy city 攻克敌人城市的战役
n. a movement with a political or business purpose （政治或商业上的）运动；活动
a campaign to stop people drinking when they drive 禁止人们在开车时饮酒的运动
an advertising campaign 广告活动
vi. take part or serve in a campaign 从事活动；参加运动
They campaigned for human rights. 他们参加了人权运动。
policy n.[c] the general plan of a government, business, company, etc. 方针；政策
What is the government policy on education 政府的教育政策是什么？
n. a course of conduct; a plan of action 计策
Honesty is the best policy. 诚实是上策。
spokesman n. a man who speaks on behalf of another or others发言人；代言人
spokeswoman n. a woman who speaks on behalf of another or others
女发言人；女代言人
illegal adj. wrong, not allowed by law 不合法的；犯法的
It is illegal to drive when you are drunk.. 喝醉了酒开车是违法的。
keep an eye out for 当心；警惕
bait n. 诱饵；鱼饵
target n. what you are trying to hit when you shoot a bullet or arrow 靶子；目标
The hunter\'s target was a wild animal. 这个猎人的目标是一只野兽。
n. something we aim to do or get 目标；指标
This book will be the target of bitter criticism. 这书会成为严格批评的对象。
bullet n.[c] a shot fired from a gun 子弹；枪弹
Every bullet has its billet. 每颗子弹都有归宿。
sneaker n. a sports shoe usually made of canvas and having soft rubber soles运动鞋
nutritional l adj. 营养(品)的
nowadays [`nauEdeiz] adv. during the present time; now 现在；当今
Nowadays, advertisements can be found everywhere in any big city.
现在,在任何一个大城市里,到处都可以看到广告。
nephew n. son of your brother or sister 侄子；外甥
He was a nephew of my friend. 他是我朋友的侄子。
waitress n.[c] a woman or girl who serves food in a restaurant女服务员
The waitress is bringing the soup. 女服务员正把汤端来。
hostess n. a female host; the wife of the host女主人
The hostess brought us out a pot full of steaming coffee.
女主人给我们拿出一满壶热气腾腾的咖啡。
bridegroom n. a man who is about to be married or has recently been married新郎
heroine n. most important woman in a story, play, etc. 女主角；女主人公
n. very brave woman or girl女英雄
goddess n. female god 女神
Venus was a goddess worshipped by the Romans. 维纳斯是罗马人信奉的女神。
promotion n. the act of promoting or the fact of being promoted促进；促销
the promotion of learning 学术的促进
n. advancement in rank or responsibility 晋升
Our teacher has got a promotion. 我们的老师被提升了。
attach vt. to fasten, secure, or join系；附；粘[to, on]
The clerk attached a price tag to each article. 店员给每一件商品系上标价签。
vt to adhere, belong, or relate.附属 [to]
This hospital is attached to our medical department. 这所医院附属于我们医学系。
vt. to ascribe or assign 认为有（重要性等）
attached no significance to the threat 不重视这种威肋
legend n. an unverified story handed down from earlier times, especially one popularly believed to be historical 传奇；传说
There is a legend that… 有一个传说,说是…。
slogan n. a phrase expressing the aims or nature of an enterprise, an organization, or a candidate; a motto标语；口号
a phrase used repeatedly, as in advertising or promotion 广告语
catchy adj. attractive or appealing 吸引人的
a catchy idea for a new television series 为一部新电视系列剧出的吸引人的主意
adj. tricky; deceptive 有圈套的；欺骗的：
a catchy question on an exam 考试中设有陷阱的题目
point out tell about or show something 指出
He pointed out the importance of the work. 他指出这一工作的重要性。
discount vt. to sell or offer for sale at a reduced price 打折
n. a reduction from the full or standard amount of a price or debt 折扣
n. attributive. often used to modify another noun（定语名词）
a discount market; discount merchandise 打折商场；打折商品
make sense have a meaning that you can understand 有意义；讲得通
I can\'t follow these instructions----they don\'t make sense.
我不理解这些指示——根本讲不通嘛。
bonus n. something given or paid in addition to what is usual or expected 额外给予的东西
n. a sum of money or the equivalent given to an employee in addition to the employee\'s usual compensation 奖金
n. a sum of money in addition to salary that is given to a professional athlete for signing up with a team 津贴
Those who put in many hours of overtime will receive a percentage of their salary as a bonus.
那些付出许多加班时间的人将得到相当于其工资的一部分作为奖金。
context n.[c] the parts directly before or after a word or sentence上下文
We can often tell the meaning of a word from its context.
由上下文，我们可以知道一个字的意思。
Tetsuya Komuro [`testjB: `kRmurEu] 小室哲哉
Unit 6 Going west
Words and expressions
perseverance n. steady persistence in adhering to a course of action, a belief, or a purpose; steadfastness 毅力；坚持
Great works are performed, not by strength, but perseverance.
伟大的作品不是靠力量而是靠毅力来完成的。
quit vt. to give up; abandon 放弃
He has not quit smoking, but is holding down to three cigarettes a day.
他并没有戒烟,但是已减到每天只抽三支烟了。
vt. to depart from; leave 离开
You and I are on the point of quitting the theater of our exploits.
你我正在离开我们辉煌业绩的舞台。
vt. to cease or discontinue 停止；中断：
The teacher asked them to quit talking. 老师要求他们不要说话。
apply (…) to … use; put into practice 应用；运用
We should apply theory to practice. 我们应当把理论运用到实践中去。
add up find the total of 总计；加起来
Add up 6,7 and 8 and you\'ll get 21. 把六、七、八相加，总数是二十一。
circumstance n. a condition or fact attending an event and having some bearing on it 环境；情况(常用复数形式)
It depends on [upon] circumstances. 这要视情况而定。
lose heart become discouraged 沮丧；灰心
Don\'t lose heart at any failure, but try again. 失败时不要灰心，要再接再厉。
assessment n. the act of assessing; appraisal 评估；估价
environmental assessment 环境影响评估
take it easy 放松些；别紧张
When the teacher found some of his students get nervous at the examination, he told them to take it easy. 老师发现一些学生考虑时焦急不安，就叫他们不要紧张。
keep up retain(one\'s spirits, strength, etc); (one\'s spirits, strength, etc.)not decline 维持；保持
The mountaineers\' spirits kept up against heavy odds.
在非常不利的条件下，登山运动员们仍然情绪高涨。
Robinson Crusoe n. 鲁滨逊·克鲁索
common sense natural good thinking 常识；情理
Although she\'s not very clever she\'s got lots of common sense. 她虽然不很聪明，但很有见识。
survival n. the act of surviving; continuance of life 幸存；存活
He stayed eight days in an open boat with no food, and he was still alive; his survival was a miracle. 他在无遮档的小船上呆了八天，又无食物，还活下来了，这真是个奇迹。
biscuit n. a small cake of shortened bread leavened with baking powder or soda饼干；小点心
alcohol n. a colorless, volatile, flammable liquid; intoxicating liquor containing alcohol 酒精；含酒精的饮料
goat n. a sort of hollow-horned, bearded ruminant mammals of mountainous regions山羊
On the ground lay an old sick goat. 地上躺着一只生病的老山羊。
flour n.[u] a powder made from wheat and used to make bread and cakes 面粉（或其他谷物磨成的粉）
Flour is used in making breads and cakes. 面粉用来做面包或糕饼。
axe n. 斧子
nail n. the hard substance at the end of a finger or toe 指甲；趾甲
Our fingernails need cutting now and again. 我们的手指甲有时需要剪一剪。
n. small piece of metal with one pointed end, which you hit into wood to fasten things together 钉子
The nail went right through the wall. 钉子直接穿过墙壁。
razor n. a sharp-edged cutting instrument used especially for shaving the face or removing other body hair 剃刀；刮胡刀
bedding n. bedclothes 寝具；床上用品
beyond prep. on the further or other side of 在较远的一边；在另一边
The post office is beyond the bridge. 邮局在桥的那一头。
prep. (of time)later than; more advanced than（时间）晚于；超过
Some shops keep open beyond midnight. 有些商店营业到半夜以后。
prep. out of the reach of; outside one\'s understanding 为…不能及；超出…理解力之外
He was beyond the help of the teacher. 他使老师束手无策。
prep. (negative and interrogative) except 除…之外
I know nothing beyond this. 除这之外，我什么也不知道。
adv. farther away 在远处
look beyond 向远处看
the Rocky Mountains 落基山脉
wagon n.[c] cart on four wheels, which a horse or an ox pulls; an open railway freight car 四轮马车（牛车）；无篷铁路货车
The wagon was full of vegetables. 这辆运货马车装满了蔬菜。
leave behind cause to remain behind; forget to take or bring along; abandon in a retreat 留下；忘带
She left her bag behind in the train. 她把提包丢在列车上了。
ox n. (pl. oxen) bull used for farm work公牛；耕牛
He is as strong as an ox. 他像牛一样强壮。
Kansas n. 堪萨斯州(美国洲名)
frontier n.[c] the border, the line between two countries国境；边境
We must show our passports at the frontier. 在边境我们必须出示护照。
lose one’s way become lost 迷路；迷失
Lily lost her way in the woods. 莉莉在森林里迷了路。
barren adj. lacking vegetation, especially useful vegetation 不毛的；贫瘠的
The desert is barren land. 沙漠是贫瘠的土地。
salty adj. tasting of salt; containing salt 盐的；咸的；含盐的
Sea water is salty. 海水是咸的。
pond n. a body of still water smaller than a lake池塘
There is a flock of waterfowls on the pond. 池塘上有一群水鸟。
patch n. small piece of ground 小块地
They grow their own vegetables on a small patch of ground. 他们在一小块土地上自种蔬菜。
n. pieces of cloth that you put over a hole in clothing, sheets, etc. 补钉
I sewed a patch over the hole in my jeans. 我给我工装裤上的洞打了个补钉。
burden n. something that you carry; a heavy load 负担；包袱
It is a burden to the people. 这对人民是一种负担。
n. a duty which is hard to do well 责任
The burden fell on me. 责任落在我身上。
desperate adj. having no hope and ready to do any wild or dangerous thing 绝望的；不顾一切的
The prisoners became desperate in their attempts to escape. 那些囚犯拼命企图逃亡。
adj. very serious 极严重的；危急的
The country is in a desperate state and we must work hard.
国家处于危急关头，我们应当努力工作。
beast n. an animal （四足）兽；牲畜
The tiger is a beast of prey. 老虎是食肉兽。
accustomed adj. being in the habit of 习惯[于…]的[to]
I am not accustomed to walking long distances. 我不习惯于长距离的步行。
thirst n.[u] wanting to drink something; a strong desire 渴；渴望
I drank a cup of tea to relieve my thirst. 我喝了一杯茶止渴。
The artist thirsted for fame. 艺术家想出名。
starvation n. suffering or death caused by extreme hunger 挨饿；饿死
The cat died of starvation. 那只猫饿死了。
anxiety n.[c] worry and fear 忧虑；担心；焦急
We waited with anxiety for our examination results. 我们焦急地等待考试结果。
n.[c] something that makes you worried and afraid 担心的事；焦虑
He has been relieved of his anxieties. 他已消除了忧虑。
shallow adj. not deep; with not much water 浅的
The river is shallow here; we can walk across. 这里河水很浅，我们可以趟过去。
came to an end stop结束；终止
All good things must come to an end. 一切好事迟早都会结束。（天下没有不散的宴席。）
legendary adj. based on, or of the nature of a legend 传奇的；传说的
tax n. money that the government takes from your pay or from the sale of some goods 税
There is a large tax on cigarettes. 香烟的税很重。
anniversary n. the annually recurring date of a past event, especially one of historical, national, or personal importance 周年纪念；周年纪念日
Anchorage n. 安克雷奇（美国港市）
Nome [nEum] n. 诺姆（美国城市）
front-page [.frQnt `peidV] adj. worthy of coverage on the front page of a newspaper 头版的
front-page news 头版新闻
granddaughter n.[c] the daughter of your child孙女；外孙女
flu n. influenza 流行性感冒
He caught the flu. 他患了流行性感冒。
throat n. the front part of the neck 喉咙；咽喉
I have something stuck in my throat. 我有什么东西刺入了我的喉内。
diphtheria n.［医］白喉［症］
vaccine n. 痘苗；疫苗
catastrophe n. terrible thing that happens suddenly 大灾难；大祸
The forest fire was a catastrophe. 那场森林火灾是场大灾难。
relief n. the removal or ease of worry, pain ,etc. 解除；减轻
The medicine brought me relief. 这药减轻了我的痛苦。
n. help given to people in poverty of trouble 救济
They are in need of relief. 他们需要救济。
deliver vt. take something to the place where it must go 投递；送交
Every day the milkman delivers milk to our house. 每天送牛奶的人都把牛奶送到我家。
vt. give forth in words 发言
He delivered a speech at the meeting. 他在会上讲了话。
vt. to help in the birth of 接生
she delivered the child. 她接生了这孩子。
Nenana [ni`nB:nB:] n. 美国城市
Arctic adj. of the north polar regions 北极的
n. the regions round the north pole 北极；北极圈；北极地方
the Arctic Ocean 北冰洋 the Arctic Regions 北极地区
tough adj. able to withstand great strain without tearing or breaking; strong and resilient 坚韧的 demanding or troubling; difficult 困难的 physically hardy; rugged 强壮的
(tougher; toughest)
wrap vt. to cover completely with 包裹；缠绕
I wrapped the present in red paper. 我把礼物用红纸包了起来。
n.[c] an article of dress to be folded round a person 披在身上的衣物
Don\'t forget your wraps, when you travel in winter. 冬天旅游时，不要忘带外套、围巾等。
quilt n. a bed cover made of two pieces of cloth with wool or feathers between, sewn across many times so as to be kept in place 棉被
It is a quilt. 那是一床棉被。
tie up put a piece of string, rope, etc. round something to hold it firm 捆；拴；系
I tied up the parcel. 我捆好包裹。
stake n.[c] strong post of wood or metal that stands in the ground 桩；柱桩
The farmer tied the bull to a stake in the field. 农民把公牛拴在田里的桩子上。
at stake at risk; in question 在危急之中
ray n. line or beam of light, heat, etc. 光线；辐射线
A ray of sunlight fell on the sleeping boy. 阳光照射着睡着的男孩。
bark n. the short, sharp sound a dog makes; a sound like this, esp. a cough 吠声；似犬吠的声音
The bark of a dog sounded in the night. 在夜间听到狗叫声。
sculpture n. the art of making beautiful shapes in stone or wood; the shape which is made 雕刻；雕塑
I am studying painting and sculpture at an art school. 我在美术学校学习绘画和雕刻。
memorial n.[c] building or statue to remind people of someone or something
纪念馆；纪念碑（物）
It is a memorial to the martyrs. 这是烈士纪念碑。
retell vt. tell again; repeat 重述；复述
Retell what happened on the island one early morning in autumn.
复述一个秋天的清晨在那个岛上发生了什么。
go for to put a lot of effort into sth, so that you get or achieve sth. 为……去；努力获取
It sounds a great idea. Go for it. 这听起来是个极好的主意。努力去实现吧！
Unit 7 A Christmas Carol
Words and expressions
carol n. song; Christmas hymn (圣诞)颂歌
Charles Dickens [`tFB:lz `dikinz] 查尔斯·狄更斯
Santa Claus n. 圣诞老人
care for like; be pleased or attracted by 喜爱；对……感兴趣
She doesn\'t care for skating. 她不喜欢滑冰。
look after; attend to 照顾；照料
The sick must be cared for. 病人应得到照料。
employee n. the person who is employed 雇员；受雇者
The factory has two hundred employees. 工厂有两百个职工。
hygiene n.[u] 卫生
public hygiene 公共卫生
n.[u] 卫生学(=hygienics)
mental hygiene 心理卫生学
fake adj. having a false or misleading appearance假的；伪造的
n. one that is not authentic or genuine冒牌货；赝品
The painting looked old but was a recent fake.
这幅画看上去年代久远，实际是最近的一幅赝品。
bacteria n.[c] a very small living thing 细菌（bacterium 的复数）
The smallest living things that can be seen under a microscope are bacteria.
在显微镜下可以见到的最小的有生命的东西是细菌。
powder n. very small pieces of something together 粉；粉末
Flour is a powder made from wheat. 面粉是小麦做的粉。
standard n. anything taken as a basis of comparison; a model 标准；水准；规格
We must raise the living standard of the people. 我们必须提高人民的生活水平。
conscience n. the moral sense of right and wrong 良心；是非感
He is a man of conscience. 他是个有良心的人。
shilling n.[c] 先令 (英国货币单位，1971年为止，1/20 英镑,十二旧便士; 略作 s.)
frost n.[u] thin, white cover of ice on the ground, plants, etc. in very cold weather 霜
There was white frost on the ground yesterday. 昨天地上有白霜。
n. extreme cold, freezing weather 严寒
The frost cracked my skin. 严寒使我的皮肤裂了。
handwriting n. writing done by hand; a person\'s manner of writing by hand
笔迹；书法
Colin has clear handwriting. 柯林字迹清楚。
humbug n. something intended to deceive; a hoax or fraud 花招；谎话；欺骗
nonsense; rubbish 废话；胡扯
Humbug! 胡扯!
overcoat n. long coat that you wear over other clothes in cold weather 大衣；外套
Put on your overcoat; it\'s cold outside. 穿上大衣，外边冷。
wage n. money that you receive for work 工资；工钱
Most British workers get their wages by the week. 多数英国工人的工资是每周领取的。
anyway adv. anyhow 无论如何；不管怎样
Anyway it\'s worth trying. 无论如何值得一试。
god n. the great being who made the world and controls all things 上帝；造物主
We\'ve seen the last of him, thank God! 我们不用再看到他了，真是谢天谢地！
n. any being that people think has power over them and nature 神
Mars was the Roman god of war. 玛尔斯是罗马战神。
leave alone to refrain from disturbing or interfering 不管；不理会；随……去
Left alone, he was quite productive. 别打搅他，他相当有创作才能。
foolish adj. not clever, silly, stupid 愚蠢的
Don\'t be so foolish. 别这么傻啦。
clap v. hit your hands together to show you are pleased, etc. 鼓掌；拍手
The audience clapped for five minutes. 听众鼓掌达五分钟。
n.[c] sound made by hands hitting together 拍手声；鼓掌声
partner n. one that is united or associated with another or others in an activity or a sphere of common interest伙伴；搭档 a member of a business partnership企业合作人
dancing partner 舞伴 a business partner 合伙生意人
festive adj. for special happy times节日的；欢庆的
We all wore festive costumes to the ball. 我们都穿着节日服装来到舞会。
abundant adj. plentiful丰富的；富裕的
There is abundant time. 时间多的是。
in want of needing something 需要
This broken fence is in want of repair. 这个破篱笆需要修理。
warmth n.[u] heat温暖；暖和
The warmth of the room made me sleepy. 房间里挺暖和的，（使）我想睡觉了。
n.[u] friendliness; kindness 热情；热心
He was pleased by the warmth of the welcome. 他受到热烈欢迎，很高兴。
idle adj. not working 闲着的
The machines in the factory were idle when the men were on holiday.
工人们休假时工厂里的机器都闲着没用。
adj. not willing to do things, lazy 懒惰的
He is not an idle boy. 他不是个懒惰的孩子。
taxpayer n. one that pays taxes or is subject to taxation 纳税人
badly off poor 穷困
Were you badly off at that time 你那时穷困吗？
occupy vt. to keep somebody busy 使忙碌
His work occupies him for the whole day. 他的工作使他整天没空。
vt. fill time (space, mind, etc.) 占（时间；占空间；占据思想等）
These activities occupied most of her time. 这些活动占去了她的大部分时间。
constant adj. happening all the time 经常的；不断的
Matter is in constant motion and constant change. 物质总是在不断运动，不断变化的。
close up shut up (使)停止或暂停营业；关闭
Business declined to such an extent that Smith Brothers had to close up.
生意清淡到这般地步，史密斯兄弟商店只得关门大吉。
come or bring closer together in a line or lines 使靠近
The officer told the men to close up their ranks. 军官要士兵们把队伍靠拢些。
welfare n.[u] the state of being well or doing well; health, happiness and well being 福利；幸福
economic welfare 经济福利
It concerns his welfare. 这关系到他的幸福。
striking adj. very unusual and interesting 吸引人 的；起眼的
She wore a striking dress. 她穿了一件惹眼的连衣裙。
clerk n. someone who works in an office, keeping records writing letters, etc. 职员；
书记员；办事员；店员
Our clerk types all our business letters. 我们的文书替我们打所有业务信件。
have an eye for v. 有眼力；很能鉴赏
composer n. someone who makes up songs and music 作曲者；作曲家
Mozart was a famous composer. 莫扎特是个著名的作曲家。
novelist n. someone who writes novels 小说家
Charles Dickens was a famous novelist. 查尔斯 狄更斯是一位著名的小说家。
firm n. a business owned by a group of person 商行；公司
He is representative of a big firm. 他是某大公司的代理人。
as follows as will be stated next 如下
The results are as follows... 结果如下…
shadow n. area of shade where the sunlight cannot fall because someone or something is standing in the way 影子
Shadows get longer as the sun sets. 太阳落山时，影子越来越长。
n. darkness 阴影
The north side of the mountain was in shadow. 山北处在背阴之中。
idol n. an image used as an object of worship 偶像
The football player is the idol of many young people.
这位足球运动员是许多年轻人崇拜的偶像。
ambition an eager or strong desire to achieve something, such as fame or power; the object or goal desired雄心；野心；抱负；志向
Until all is over ambition never dies. 不到黄河心不死。
He had a high ambition to be a headmaster. 他的抱负,想成为一个校长。
noble adj. fine and good 高尚的；祟高的
He is a man of noble nature. 他是一个品德高尚的人。
aspiration n. a strong desire for high achievement; an object of such desire; an ambition 热望；抱负
I have no aspiration for [after] fame. 我对名声没有什么渴望 [我不好名] 。
bond n. a written and sealed obligation, especially one requiring payment of a stipulated amount of money on or before a given day; a certificate of debt契约；债券
enter into a bond 订契约
of late recently 最近；近来
We have had much rain of late. 近来雨水很多。
indeed adv. very; truly 的确；真正地
It\'s very cold indeed. 今天真是冷。
goose n.鹅；鹅肉
pudding n. a sweet, soft kind of food usually served at the end of a meal布丁（西餐中的一种松软的甜点心）
selfish adj. thinking too much about oneself and what one wants; not thinking about other people 自私的；不顾别人的
That selfish boy won\'t let other children play with his toys.
那个孩子自私，玩具不让别的孩子玩。
bishop n.[c] [常 B~]主教
the Bishop of London 伦敦主教
choir n．(教堂的)合唱队
karaoke [.kArE`Euki] n. 卡拉OK
Jacob Marley `mB:li 雅各布·马利
Ebenezer Scrooge eb`ni:zE ` 埃比尼泽·斯克鲁奇
Bob Cratchit [`bRb `krAtFit] 鲍勃·克拉特基特
Unit 8 Learning a foreign language
Words and expressions
motivation n. the act or process of motivating; something that motivates动机；刺激
memorize vt. learn every word exactly 记住；熟记；背
In the meantime, consult dictionaries, memorize grammatical rules.
读书时，要查词典，记语法规则。
dictation n.[u] the act of dictating 听写
The pupils wrote at their teacher\'s dictation. 教师口授，学生听写。
n.[u] the act of giving orders; something commanded 命令；指示
I did it at my father\'s dictation. 我遵照父亲的话去做。
correction n.[u] the act of correcting 改正；修改
These papers are in need of correction. 这些卷子需要批改。
phonetic adj. representing or connected with the sounds made with the voice 表示发音的；语音(学)的
Each new word in this dictionary has phonetic symbols after it to show you how to say the word.
这部词典里，每个新单词后都有音标，告诉你如何发音。
alphabUnit 7 A Christmas Carol
I 教学目的和要求(Teaching aims and demands）
1、Topics:
Learning about Charles Dickens and his works
2、Vocabulary:
bacteria power standard conscience frost overcoat wage admit
clap partner abundant taxpayer occupy constant welfare clerk
novelist firm shadow ambition indeed selfish bishop
care for leave alone in want of badly off close up
have an eye for as follows of late
3、Function:
谈论社会责任(Talking about social responsibilities)
(1) Business is not only about making money and profits
(2) We should care for other people
(3) It’s necessary for employers to care about their employees and their families
(4) Rich people should help poor people in society
(5) People who make and sell fake food products and medicine must be punished
(6) Companies must take necessary measures to improve working conditions to protect the people working for them.
(7) We cannot only think about ourselves, and we should open our hearts freely and think of others.
4、Grammar
复习状语(Review the Adverbial)
II 能力目标 (Ability goals)
Enable the students to appreciate the works of Dickens and succeed in mastering the target language.
III 教学重点 (Teaching important points)
Learn how to analyze the characters in the play.
IV 教学难点 (Teaching difficult points)
Help the students get the spirits of the play.
V 教学方法 (Teaching methods)
1、Talking
2、Discussing
3、Students-centered approach
VI 教具 (Teaching aids)
A computer and a projector
Teaching procedures & ways:
Reading
Lead-in
Charles Dickens was the greatest representative of English critical novelist in the 19th century. He wrote 14 novels and many other short stories in his lifetime. His style was realistic and humors .He gave us a vivid picture of life of ordinary people. His works shows sympathy for the poor.
Scanning
1 When did this story happen
2 How many people were mentioned
3What was Ebenezer Scrooge What kind of this man was
4Who was Bob Cratchit What did he want to do
5 What did the gentlemen want Scrooge to do Has he Promised What happened to Scrooge
Skimming
Analysis of the characters in stories by typical language.
Main heroes What they say characteristic
Scrooge 1”I have to pay you a whole day’s”Wages for no work. He says Humbug” 2”That’s an excuse for picking a man’s Pocket”.3 Leave it alone Much good may it do you. 1 cold, interested in money. 2 not care for his employee.
Bob 1”I’m too cold to write so I warm myself on the candle.”2” I want a day off at Christmas”3 Those who are badly off must go there poor, modest and careful.
Fred “There are many things that do me good without bringing in profit” kind and helpful.
Santa He always says “Ho,ho,ho.” make others happy
Posting-reading
Choose the best answers
1.Christmas is traditionally celebrated on . 答案：B
A. December 24 B. December 25 C. December 30 D. December 31
2.Which of the following is not true according to the dialogue 答案：A
A. The business is now owned by Scrooge and his partner, Marley.
B. Marley died on December 24th.
C. The gentleman tried to persuade Mr Scrooge to do something good for the poor.
D .Many thousands of people don’t have enough money to keep themselves warm.
3.Ebenezer Scrooge is . 答案：D
A. a warm-hearted boss B. a lazy kind boss
C. a hospitable boss D. a greedy ungenerous boss
4.According to the dialogue,which of the following sentences is right 答案：C
A. Nothing happened when the clock struck one.
B. Scrooge’s eyes were wet because he had a cold.
C. The girl who used to love Scrooge has married another man.
D. Scrooge,a kind old man is always commenting on everything by saying “Humbug”.
5.In the sentence,“He is cold, mean and selfish old man ”,“mean” is . 答案：D
A.有技巧的 B.心情不好的 C.普通的 D.吝啬的
6.From the dialogue, we can infer . 答案：C
A. Fred helps Scrooge become a helpful man
B. everyone does wish Ebenzer Scrooge a merry Christmas
C. Ebenzer scrooge corrects his mistakes and makes a fresh start
D. Scrooge’s partner, Marley died at Christmas
7.The main factor that makes Mr Scrooge change his mind is that . 答案：A
A. he feels afraid the bad thing will happen to him in the future
B. he regrets what he did in the past
C. he is moved by what Santa Claus says
D. he loses his fortune and becomes a poor man himself
8.What can’t be concluded from the passage 答案：D
A. People usually have turkey for Christmas.
B. The place they live in is cold in winter.
C. Bob is quite astonished Scrooge’s generousness.
D. All the poor people can enjoy a merry Christmas now.
9.According to Fred,Christmas is the day of the year when people . 答案：D
A. think of the past and look forward to the future
B. put valuable things in their pockets
C. have dinner together
D. show kindness to people and help others
10.Mr Scrooge is reluctant to open his heart to the poor because . 答案：D
A. there are plenty of prisons in the world
B. he is poor himself
C. the union work houses can help the poor
D. he only cares about his own business and never shows kindness to others
Judge the following sentences True or false
1.It was cold in scrooge’s office and Bob had to warm himself over the candles. T
2. Scrooge was willing to let Bob have a day off because it would be Christmas the next day. F
3. Scrooge was invited by his niece and he accepted happily. F
4. A gentleman arrived at Scrooge’s office because he wanted to collected money for the poor. T
5. Scrooge didn’t want to give the poor any money because he was poor himself. F
6. According to the dialogue, in Scrooge’s dream he met his old friend ------Jacob Marley. F
Answer the following questions
1How does Ebenezer Scrooge treat people Working for him
He was cold ,mean and only interested in profit and money. He didn’t care for his employers. He
often asked them to work without a rest, even at Christmas eve.
2 What is the typical of Ebenezer
He was a mean, hard, selfish old business man. He often said “Humbug” He cared for nothing but money.
3 What was the true spirit of Christmas according to Fred
He thought it is to do sth good to others and opened his heart to think of others.
4 Scrooge’s last visitor said he was connected with his welfare. What does this sentence mean
He was raising money to help the poor. He hoped That Scrooge gave some money to help the poor.
Fill in the blanks according the passage
It was the day before Christmas and the weather was terrible . Bob wanted to have a day off in order to have a good Christmas dinner but his boss , Scrooge, who was cold , mean and only interested in making money didn’t allow him to do so at first. Scrooge’s nephew--- Fred wanted to invite Scrooge to attend their Christmas dinner but he was refused . A gentleman who wanted bo connect some money for the poor was also turned down by Scrooge. At last when all the others left Scrooge had a dream , in which he Santa Claus
Integrating Skills
Divide the play into 3 parts. Try to find out what caused Scrooge to turn over a new leaf.
Find out something about the first scene
Place:_ The place where Scrooge live once lived. The time when Scrooge was young.
Time: Young scrooge and his girlfriend. The girl wanted to be separated from Scrooge
Characters: Scrooge cared nothing except money
Event: He felt very uneasy.
Reasons:
In the second scene, Scrooge saw the Christmas party held in Bob Cratchit’s houses. Judge the following sentences True of False .
1.In the dream it was Christmas Eve and the Cratchits were having a Christmas dinner. T
2. In the dream Tiny was ill but his father couldn’t afford the medicine for him. T
3. These things really happened to the Cratchits. F
4. On seeing the scene Scrooge wanted to change his life. T
5. Scrooge ordered a big Christmas tree for the cratchits’. F
Scene 3
From here we say the Scrooge turned over a new leaf. How did Bob Cratchit feel when he saw Scrooge and his turkey D
A. Satisfied B. Interested C. Angry D. Surprised
He hadn’t expected that Scrooge would be so generous
Phrases
care for 喜爱；照顾
in the race to do sth. 在做某事的竞赛中
put on 穿上
so far 至此
at this festive season of the year 在一年中喜庆的季节
close up （尤指暂时）关闭；使靠近
leave alone 不管；随…去
toast to 干杯
date back to 追溯到（过去的某个时间）
on the contrary 相反
have an eye for 关注；能判断；能欣赏
want/have a day off / ask for a day’s leave 请一天假
pick a man’s pocket掏某人口袋
leave sb alone别管他
do good to sb对某人有好处
bring in profit带来利润
be in want/need of急需
afford to do sth供得起
be badly off穷困
believe in信任某人
admit doing sth承认做了某事
want all day off
open one’s hearts freely
this very night
be concerned with
display one’s deep sympathy
an immediate success
comment on everything
as follows
take one’s place
twice the size of
harmony with others
Unit 8 Learning a foreign language
I 教学目的和要求(Teaching aims and demands）
1、Topics:
Talking about learning and study skills
2、Vocabulary:
Motivation diction correction alphabet stick acquisition awful instruct data academic comprehension secure interpreter patience adopt pile tyre overweight anxious operation junior association postcode
Make progress make sense in other words take a risk experiment with piles of put end to knock down fall behind
3、Function:
提出建议(giving advice)
You’d better…… It’s much better to……
You should …… You shouldn’t……
Don’t…… You need to ……
If I were you, I’d …… Why not……
What about/ How about…… Please……
谈论态度和动机(talking about attitudes and motivation)
The stronger the motivation is, the more quickly a person will learn a foreign language
4、Grammar
复习虚拟语气(review the subjective mood)
II 能力目标 (Ability goals)
Enable the students to master the skills to learn a foreign language
III 教学重点 (Teaching important points)
Learn how to learn a foreign language.
IV 教学难点 (Teaching difficult points)
Help the students overcome the difficulties in learning a foreign language.
V 教学方法 (Teaching methods)
1、Talking
2、Discussing
3、Students-centered approach
VI 教具 (Teaching aids)
A computer and a projector
Teaching procedures & ways:
Reading
Fast reading
1 What is the most puzzling question in learning our mother tongue
2 If we develop our study skills and way of learning, is learning foreign language twice as hard or as easy
Careful reading
Tell the sentences true or false
1 Although experts don’t agree each other, they all share a common opinion :Life is a very successful language school. T
2 We study our mother tongue all day long for about 5 years before we master it. But we only spend a few hours a week and in a few years’ time we can speak a foreign language. T
3.Successful language learners usually step away from the academic challenges. F
4The less anxious and more relaxed the learner, the worse their language acquisition.F
Choose the best answers
1.Most children have mastered their mother tongue . 答案：C
A. at the age of five B. by the age of eight C. before they are five D. since they were five
2.Successful language learners do share the following characteristics except . 答案：A
A. the ability to memorize the words B. an interest in understanding their own thinking
C. willingness to take chances D. confidence in their ability
3.The best option for the exchange students is . 答案：A
A. living with local people B. living in the dormitory
C. choosing exchange programmes at various academic levels at a reasonable cost
D. making friends with the other students
4.The disadvantage of studying abroad is . 答案：B
A. language and culture B. cost and safety C. custom and culture D. exchange programme
5.Visiting students do the following things except . 答案：C
A. staying in the host family’s house B. eating in the host family’s house
C. becoming a member of the family D. keeping in touch with the host family afterwards
6.Before going out to study in a foreign country,you should not . 答案：C
A. care much about the money that may cost you B. collect as much information as possible
C. plan a long course to study D. discuss every detail with your family
7.The sentence “Life is a very successful language school” means . 答案：B
A. we are equipped with a special ability to learn language
B. the key to learn the language well is to communicate with the people around us
C. parents can give children language lessons
D. people can learn the language by themselves
8.What makes it easier to study abroad nowadays 答案：D
A. The cost has become reasonable. B. There are programmes for all levels.
C. Students can find “home-stay” service and live with the host family.
D. All the above.
9.The greatest value of an exchange student studying abroad is . 答案：C
A. to learn the language B. to widen one’s views and understand the culture of other country
C. to get better idea of yourself and your own culture D. to learn to be independent of oneself
10.What’s the purpose of writing this article 答案：C
A. Learning a foreign language is twice as hard as learning our mother tongue.
B. Learning a foreign language is more important than learning our mother tongue.
C. Learning a foreign language is twice as easy if we develop our study skills.
D. In fact,the number of people learning a foreign language has increased with years.
Decide which language ( mother tongue or foreign language) each of the sentences below
A We learn quite fast.
B We are not taught but learn anyway. M
C Some people think that we are born with an ability to learn this. M
D We can learn faster if we develop study skills.
E Most people have mastered this by the age of five. M
F We learn this in a special place where we can get help.
G It takes longer to learn this. M
H We Learn this by communicating with others. M
Main idea of each paragragh .
1. The environmental factor of learning mother tongue.
2. Different opinions of language experts.
3. The difference between learning mother and learning a foreign language.
4. The characteristics of successful language learners.
5.Different learning ways of successful language learners
6. The importance of the purpose of learning.
The purpose of writing the passage to tell us that learning a foreign language does not have to be twice as hard as learning our mother tongue.
Integrating Skills
What is the best way to learn a language Why
I think the best way to do this is to go to a country where the language is spoken.
We can use the language at any places at any time . It’s good for language learning.
2. Is it possible for you to study abroad Yes, it is.
3. What should you do before you go abroad
We should find out as much as possible about different programmes, including the cost and length of our stay.
4. Can you list the advantages and the disadvantages of studying abroad
Advantages of studying abroad
1). become fluent in the new language
2). make friends with people from different background.
3). Understand another culture
4). broaden your horizons and improve your understanding of the world
5). learn about yourself and what your culture is really like
6). learn to depend on yourself
Disadvantages of studying abroad
1). Some of them may fall behind in their studies when studying abroad.
2).They may not be able to take classes at the same level as at home.
3). Parents worry about the safety of their children and may also be concerned about the cost.
Choose the main idea of each paragraph
Para. 1 It is possible for a student of any level to study a foreign language in a country where the language is spoken.
Para. 2 Advantages of studying abroad.
Para. 3 disadvantages of studying abroad.
Para.4 What should you do in order studying abroad
Phrases
1.make progress 前进；进步
2.make sense of 弄懂…的意思
3.in other words 换句话说；换言之
4.take risks/a risk 冒险
5.experiment with 进行试验；进行实验
6.piles of 一大堆；一大批；一大团
7.knock down 击倒；撞倒
8.that is to say 也就是说
9.fall behind 落后
10.be different from 与…不同
11.communicate with 与…联系；与…交流
12.distinguish…from… 把与区别开来
13.adjust to 调整；调节；使适合；使便于使用
14.in the process 在进行；经过；在…过程中
15.in common （团体）共同的；公有的
16.make mistakes 犯错误
17.make friends with 与…交朋友
18.take (an active ) part in （积极）参加
19.take patience to 有耐心去做….
PAGE
1Unit 1
conclude
vt.
1. 结束[(+by/with)]
We concluded our meeting at 9 o’clock.
我们九点钟结束了会议。
2. 推断出,断定 [+that]
What can you conclude from these observations
你从这些观察中能得出什么结论
3. 缔结(条约)[(+with)]
4. (最后)决定(为)[+to-v][+that]
He concluded that he would wait a little longer.
他决定再等一会儿。
He concluded to quit on pay day.
他决定在发薪水这天辞职。
vi.
结束,终了[(+with)]
The meeting concluded after two hours.
两小时后会议结束了。
Impressive as the record is, it fades next to the story of Armstrong’s struggle against disease.
as引导让步状从，句子倒装。
Angry as he was, he listened to me patiently.
他很恼怒，却能耐心地听我说话。
Strange as it seems, it is so.
看似不可思议，事实却是如此。
fade
vi.
1. 凋谢,枯萎
The flowers faded for want of water.
花儿因缺水而凋谢了。
2. (颜色)褪去
The color fades when exposed to light.
这颜色曝光后会褪色。
3. (声音等)变微弱;(光等)变暗淡;逐渐消失[(+away)]
The sound of the footsteps faded away.
脚步声渐渐消失了。
4. 【美】【俚】离去,跑掉
vt.
使褪色
Sunshine faded the tapestry.
阳光晒得挂毯褪了色
Whether we are out to set a new record ourselves or simply enjoy reading about champions, the Guinness Book of World Records makes for interesting reading.
make for可造成，可成为，有好处
The large print makes for easier reading.
大字排版使阅读轻松一些。
Does early rising make for good health
早起有利于健康吗？
attempt
vt.
1. 试图;企图;试图做[+to-v][+v-ing]
They attempted to finish the task before July.
他们试图在七月以前完成这项任务。
2. 试图攻占
They attempted the life of the dictator.
他们试图杀死这个独裁者。
n.[C]
1. 企图,尝试[(+at/on)][+to-v]
He made an attempt on the world record.
他试图打破世界纪录。
Her attempt at poetry was a failure.
她尝试写诗失败了。
2. 攻击[(+on)]
Several attempts have been made on the president’s life.
已经有人三番五次试图谋杀总统。
confirm
vt.
1. 证实;确定[+(that)][+wh-]
His letter confirmed everything.
他的信证实了一切。
2. 坚定;加强
The latest developments confirmed me in my belief.
最新的发展使我坚信我的信仰。
3. 批准,确认
The queen confirmed the treaty.
女王批准了此项条约。
fascinate
vt.
1. 迷住,使神魂颠倒;强烈地吸引[(+by/with)]
I watched her, fascinated.
我瞧着她,完全被她迷住了。
The child was fascinated with his new toy.
那孩子对他的新玩具着了迷。
2. 慑住...使动弹不得,使呆住
The snake fascinated its prey.
那条蛇震慑住了它的捕获物。
vi.
有吸引力;迷人
burst
vi.
1. 爆炸;破裂
The balloon burst.
气球爆炸了。
2. 冲,闯
Her door was thrust open, and Mrs. Page burst in.
她的门被猛地推开,佩奇太太冲了进来。
3. 突然出现;突然发生,爆发
4. (用进行时)塞满,几乎要胀破[(+with)]
I am bursting with pride.
我自豪极了。
vt.
1. 使爆炸;使破裂
After ten days of rain the river burst its banks.
下了十天雨后河堤决口了。
2. 突然打开;冲出;炸出
3. 使胀破
underline
vt.
1. 在...的下面划线
The key words are underlined.
关键的字下面划了线。
2. 强调;使突出
This example underlines the consequences of bad management.
这个例子突显了管理不好的后果。
center on/ upon/ around
集中; 居中[(+on/upon/around)]
Their talks always center around politics.
他们的谈话总是围绕着政治。
concentrate
vt.
集中;聚集,集结[O][(+on/upon)]
We must concentrate our attention on efficiency.
我们必须把注意力集中在效率上。
Our population is concentrated in the big cities.
我国人口集中在大城市里。
vi.
全神贯注;专心致志于；全力以赴[(+on/upon)]
She couldn’t concentrate on a book very long.
她不能长时间专心读一本书。
delight
n.
1. 欣喜,愉快[U]
To our delight, our football team won.
令我们高兴的是,我们的足球队赢了。
She ran back home with delight.
她兴高采烈地跑回家。
2. 乐事,乐趣[C]
He enjoyed the delights of New York’s night life.
他喜欢纽约夜生活的乐趣。
vt.
使高兴；使愉快
I’m delighted that you are back.
你回来了,我很高兴。
We were delighted to read your novel.
我们很高兴拜读你的小说。
The clown delighted the audience.
小丑逗乐了观众。
register
vt.
1. 登记,注册,申报
Waldo went to the city hall to register the birth of his son.
沃尔多去市政厅为他儿子作出生登记。
2. (仪表等)标示,指示;记录
The thermometer registered 70 degrees.
温度计显示七十度。
vi.
登记,注册
I registered at a hotel near the train station.
我在靠近火车站的一家旅馆登记住宿。
Unit 2
puzzle
vt.
1. 使迷惑;使为难,使窘困
What puzzles me is why they didn’t show up.
令我百思不解的是他们为什么没有出现。
He looked a little puzzled.
他看上去有点困惑。
His recent behavior puzzles me.
他最近的行为使我迷惑不解。
2. 苦思而得出[(+out)]
I could not puzzle out her intentions.
我猜不出她的意图。
We finally puzzled out the meaning of the poem.
我们苦苦思索终于理解这首诗的意思。
vi.
1. 感到迷惑[(+at)]
I have been puzzling about this question for weeks now.
我对这个问题已冥思苦想了好几个星期。
2. 苦思,冥思苦想[(+about/over/as to)]
n.
1. (游戏的)猜谜,智力竞赛[C]
2. 难题,谜,难以理解之事[S1]
Her decision was a puzzle to him.
她的决定对他来说是个谜。
3. 困惑,迷惑[S]
I’m in a puzzle as to how to cope with the new situation.
我不知道该如何应付这新局面。
Silk from China found its way over land along the Silk Road to India, the Middle East and Rome, in exchange for spices and glass, which was not known to China.
in exchange for与……交换
She is giving him English lessons in exchange for his teaching her Chinese.
她教他英语，他教她汉语。
wander
vi.
1. 漫游;闲逛;流浪;徘徊[(+about/off/over/through)]
He wandered in the streets.
他在街上游荡。
2. 离开正道;离题[(+from/off)]
During the storm the ship wandered from its course.
船在风暴中偏离了航道。
He wandered from the subject.
他说离了题。
3. (精神)错乱;(思想)混乱;出神,开小差
My attention wandered.
我走了神。
volunteer
n.[C]
1. 自愿参加者,志愿者[(+for)][(+to-v)]
The volunteers for community service are doing a good job.
社区服务的志愿者做得很出色。
2. 志愿兵,义勇兵
Many Australians fought as volunteers on the Allied side.
许多澳大利亚人作为志愿兵与盟军一起战斗。
vt.
1. 自愿(做)[(+to-v)]
They volunteered to repair the house for the old lady.
他们主动提出替老太太修缮房子。
2. 自愿提供,自愿给予
She volunteered the information.
她自动提供了这一消息。
vi.
1. 自愿;自愿服务[(+for)]
He volunteered for the hard and unprofitable job.
他自愿做这苦差使。
2. 自愿当兵[(+for)]
When the war broke out, he volunteered for the Marine Corps.
战争爆发时,他自愿参加了海军陆战队。
suggest
vt.
1. 建议,提议[+v-ing][+(that虚拟)][+wh-]
I suggest our going to the park on Sunday.
我建议我们星期天去公园。
The dentist suggested that she (should) come another day.
牙医建议她改天再来。
2. 暗示;启发[+(that陈述)]
Her expression suggested pleasure./that she was pleased
她面露喜色。
3. 使人想起,使人联想到[(+to)]
That cloud suggests a boat to me.
那朵云使我联想到船。
accomplish
vt.
1. 完成,实现,达到
They didn’t accomplish the purpose desired.
他们没有达到预期的目的。
They have accomplished their mission successfully.
他们成功地完成了任务。
2. 走完,度过
She has accomplished 95 years of her life.
她已达九十五高龄。
The journey was accomplished in five weeks.
花了五个礼拜走完全部旅程。
refer to
1. 查阅，参阅
A person refers to a dictionary to find the meaning of the words.
2. 指……而言，指的是
I knew the lady was referring to Bill when she spoke of a bright young boy.
3. 把……称作(as)
Don’t refer to your sister as a silly cow!
refer…to
1. 指导；让……找
Our teacher refers us to many good books.
If he needs any further information, refer him to me.
2. 归功于；归咎于
He referred his success to the good teaching he’s had.
arise (arose, arisen)
vi.
1. 升起,上升
A heavy mist arose from the lake.
湖面起了浓雾。
2. 产生,出现,形成[(+from/out of)]
Unexpected difficulties arose in the course of their experiment.
在他们进行实验的过程中,出现了意想不到的困难。
Between the copartners serious disagreements arose.
合伙人之间产生了严重分歧。
evidence
n.
1. 证据;证词;证人;物证[U][(+of/for)][+that][+to-v]
He was punished for giving false evidence.
他因作伪证而受到惩罚。
The evidence is very shaky.
这证据相当靠不住。
2. 迹象[U][C][(+of)][+(that)]
There are evidences that somebody has been living here.
有迹象显示有人一直住在这里。
praise
n.
1. 赞扬,称赞[U]
I’m sure I don’t deserve so much praise.
我肯定自己不值得这么多赞扬。
2. 赞美的话,赞词[P][(+of)]
The praises of his friends made the boy feel very proud
3. 【宗】(对神的)赞美,崇拜[U]
Let us give praise to God.
让我们赞美神吧。
vt.
1. 赞美,表扬;歌颂[(+for)]
The publishers praised his novel pretty highly.
出版商们对他的小说评价甚高。
The mayor praised the boy for his courage.
市长赞扬这个男孩很勇敢。
Unit 3
fellow
n.[C]
1. 【口】男人;家伙;人
A fellow must eat.
人总得吃饭。
2. 伙伴;同事
They are my fellows at school.
他们是我的同学。
adj.
同伴的;同事的;同类的
He recalled his fellow traveller with pleasure.
他愉快地回忆起他的旅伴。
criminal
adj.
1. 犯罪的,犯法的
Robbery is a criminal act.
抢劫是犯罪行为。
2. 刑事上的
Scotland has its own criminal law.
苏格兰有它自己的刑法。
n.
罪犯[C]
resemble
vt.
像,类似 [(+in)]
She was not beautiful; she did not resemble her mother.
她不漂亮;她不像她的母亲。
The two sisters resemble each other in appearance.
这两姐妹在外表上彼此相像。
diverse
adj.
1. 不同的,互异的
John and his brother have diverse interests.
约翰和他兄弟的兴趣迥然不同。
2. 多种多样的;多变化的
The program deals with subjects as diverse as pop music and ancient Greek drama.
这档节目涉及包括流行音乐、古希腊戏剧在内的各种题材。
transform
vt.[(+into)]
1. 使改变;使改观;将...改成
The Greggs have transformed their garage into a guest house.
格雷格一家把他们的车库改成了客房。
2. 改造;改革;改善
The situation has been greatly transformed.
形势已经大大好转。
3. 使变换
A generator transforms mechanical energy into electricity.
发电机将机械能变成电。
differ
vi.
1. 不同,相异[(+from)]
Our tastes differ from each other.
我们的嗜好不同。
2. 意见不同[(+from/with)]
That’s where we differ.
那是我们有分歧的地方。
chew
vt.
1. 嚼,咀嚼,嚼碎
He chews gum.
他嚼口香糖。
2. 深思,细想,熟虑[(+over)]
I’ll chew the problem over for a few days.
这个问题我会仔细思考几天。
He chewed over the problem for several days before making his decision.
他对这个问题详细考虑了好多天才做出决定。
vi.
1. 咀嚼[(+on)]
He can’t chew without his false teeth.
他没有假牙就嚼不动。
2. 深思,细想[(+on/upon)]
He took my offer after chewing on it.
仔细考虑后他接受了我的提议。
roast
vt.
1. 烤,炙,烘
He roasted a chicken for dinner.
他烤了一只鸡作晚餐。
2. 烤得使变热(或烫),烘暖
The sun was roasting us.
太阳炙烤着我们。
3. 【口】严厉批评,痛斥
They got roasted for losing the game.
他们因比赛失利而遭到严厉批评。
vi.
1. 烤,炙.烘
The beef is roasting in the oven.
烤箱里正烤着牛肉。
2. 烤得变热(或烫)
Can we open the window I’m roasting.
我们能开窗吗 我都热死了。
n.
1. 烘烤[U][S]
Give the duck a good roast.
把这鸭子好好烤烤透。
2. 烤肉,炙肉[C][U]
We’ll do a roast for dinner.
我们晚餐吃烤肉。
3. 【美】野外烤肉聚会[C]
They had a hot dog roast last Sunday.
他们上星期天举行了一次烤热狗野餐会。
adj.
烘烤的
He is very fond of roast duck.
他很喜欢烤鸭。
barrier
n.[C]
1. 障碍物;路障,栅栏
The police put up barriers to control the crowd.
警察设置障碍物,借以控制人群。
2. 障碍,阻碍[(+to)]
They soon overcame the language barrier.
不久他们便克服了语言上的障碍。
3. 界线[(+between)]
4. 剪票口;海关关卡
Mike was stopped at the barrier because he forgot to show his ticket.
麦克在剪票口被拦住了,因为他忘记出示车票。
pointed
adj.
1. 有尖头的,尖的
His daughter has a pointed nose.
他女儿长着一个尖鼻子。
2. 尖锐的;深刻的;中肯的
pointed criticism
尖锐的批评
claw
n.[C]
1. (动物的)爪,脚爪;(蟹、虾等的)钳,螯
The owl swooped down and picked up the mouse in its claws.
猫头鹰猛扑下去用爪子抓起了老鼠。
2. 爪形器具;羊角锤;拔钉锤
3. 【贬】手
vt.
1. 用爪子抓(或撕、挖、拉等)
The rooster clawed a hole in the earth.
那只公鸡在地上扒出个洞来。
2. 费力地夺回[(+back)]
vi.
用爪子抓(或挖)[(+at)]
She clawed at my shirt in her temper.
她大发脾气一把抓住我的衬衫。
Unit 4
procedure
n.
1. 程序;手续;步骤[U][C]
The chairman was quite familiar with the procedure for conducting a meeting.
主席对开会的程序很熟悉。
The next procedure is as follows.
下一个步骤如下。
2. 常规;传统的做法[C][U]
The first step in the procedure for making a kite is to build the frame.
制作风筝的第一步是做骨架。
growth
n.
1. 生长,成长;发育[U]
Exercise and good food are important to the proper growth of a child.
运动和营养好的食物对孩子的正常发育十分重要。
2. 增长;增大;发展[U][S1]
The rate of overall industrial growth was above eight percent.
工业总增长率超过百分之八。
3. 种植,栽[U]
These are fruits of my own growth.
这些是我自己栽培的水果。
4. 生长物;产物[C][S1]
A thick growth of weeds covered the yard.
庭院长满浓密的野草。
merely
adv.
只是,仅仅,不过
That was merely a guess of mine.
那只是我的一种猜测。
classify
vt.
将...分类;将...分等级
People who work in libraries spend a lot of time classifying books.
在图书馆工作的人花大量的时间为书籍分类。
Eggs are classified according to size.
鸡蛋按大小分等级。
identification
n.
1. 认出;识别;鉴定;确认[U]
the identification of criminals by their fingerprints
凭指纹确认罪犯
2. 身份证明;身份证[U][C]
I used my driver’s license as identification.
我用驾驶执照作为身份证明。
3. 有关联;认同;一体感[U][(+with)]
The candidate’s identification with organized crimes cost him the election.
那位候选人因与集团犯罪有关联而落选。
promote
vt.
1. 晋升 [(+to)]
He certainly ought to be promoted.
他应该要提升。
2. 使(学生)升级 [(+to)]
Pupils who pass the test will be promoted to the next higher grade.
通过考试的学生将升到高一个年级去。
3. 促进;发扬;引起
The Prime Minister’s visit will promote the cooperation between the two countries.
首相的访问将促进两国间的合作。
4. 促使(法律等)通过
Promote a bill in Parliament.
促使议案在议会获得通过。
5. 【美】宣传,推销(商品等)
Your job is to promote the new product.
你的工作是促销这一新产品。
appetite
n.[U][C]
1. 食欲,胃口[(+for)]
Exercise gave her a good appetite.
运动使她胃口大增。
2. 欲望;爱好[(+for)]
At the moment she had no appetite for gossip.
此时此刻她无心闲聊。
appoint
vt.
1. 任命,指派 [(+as/to)]
They appointed him (to be) manager.
他们任命他为经理。
He appointed Williams as his deputy in the city of York.
他任命威廉斯作为他在约克市的代理人。
2. 约定,指定;安排
Our visitors arrived at the appointed time.
我们的来宾在约定的时间到达了。
calculate
vt.
1. 计算[+(that)][+wh-]
He calculated the costs very carefully.
他仔细计算开支。
2. 估计;预测;推测[+(that)][+wh-]
3. 计划,打算;使适合(某种目的) [+to-v]
His remark was calculated to hurt her.
他的话是故意要伤她的。
4. 【美】【口】以为,认为[+(that)]
I calculate they will soon arrive.
我看他们快要到了。
vi.
计算
Have you finished calculating yet
你计算好了吗
enterprise
n.
1. (有一定冒险性的)事业[C]
2. 冒险精神;进取心,事业心[U]
Tom is a man of great enterprise.
汤姆很有进取精神。
3. 企业,公司[C]
This enterprise is doing a good business.
这家企业生意兴隆。
accumulate
vt.
累积,积聚;积攒
They set to work accumulating a huge mass of data.
他们开始累积大量的资料。
vi.
积成堆;累积,聚积
Dust had accumulated during her absence.
她不在时灰尘积了起来。
abandon
vt.
1. 丢弃;抛弃,遗弃
The crew abandoned the burning ship.
水手们离弃了燃烧中的船。
The broken bike was found abandoned by the river side.
人们发现那辆损坏的自行车被扔在河边。
2. 放弃,中止
He finally abandoned his reformist ideas.
他终于放弃了自己的改良主义思想。
3. (与oneself连用)使放纵;使听任[(+to)]
She abandoned herself to despair.
她陷入绝望之中。
reward
n.
1. 报答;报偿;奖赏;报应[U][C]
It is unfair that he gets very little in reward for his hard work.
他工作很辛苦,报酬却很少,这不公平。
2. 酬金;赏金;奖品[C][(+for)]
A large reward is offered for the capture of the criminals.
巨额悬赏捉拿这些罪犯。
vt.
1. 报答,报偿;酬谢;奖励[(+with/for)][O1]
Winners will be rewarded a trip to England.
优胜者将获得去英国旅游的奖赏。
2. 报应;惩罚(坏人或坏事)[(+for)]
He will sooner or later be rewarded for his wicked conduct.
他的恶行迟早会受到报应。
latter
adj.
1. 后面的;后半的;末了的
This latter point was of great importance.
后面这点极为重要。
2. (两者中)后者的
Here are Tom and David; the latter is my brother.
这是汤姆和戴维;后者是我的兄弟。
3. 最近的;现今的
His health has been deteriorating in these latter years.
最近几年他的健康越来越差。
distinguish
vt.
1. 区别;识别[(+from)]
He can distinguish a genuine antique from a reproduction.
他能区别真正的古董与复制品。
2. (凭感觉器官)辨认出
I can distinguish my roommates by their footsteps.
我能根据室友的脚步声辨认出他们。
3. 使杰出;使显出特色
She distinguished herself as a black lawyer.
她成了一位杰出的黑人律师。
vi.
区别;识别;辨别[(+between)]
It is certainly important to distinguish between right and wrong.
明辨是非当然要紧。
Unit 5
convey
vt.
1.) 运送,搬运,转运[(+from/to)]
Passengers are conveyed by bus to the air terminal.
用公共汽车载送旅客前往航空站。
2.) 传播(声音等)
A wire conveys an electric current.
电线传导电流。
3.) 传达,传递,表达[(+to)][+(that)][+wh-]
I found it hard to convey my feelings in words.
我觉得难以用言语表达我的感情。
4.) 转让(财产等)[(+to)]
The old farmer conveyed his farm to his son.
老农夫将其农场转让给儿子。
advertise
vt.
1.) 为...做广告;为...宣传
If you want to sell your product you must advertise it.
如果你要推销自己的产品,你就必须做广告。
2.) 公布;通知
He advertised them of his decision to withdraw from the election.
他告知他们自己要退出选举的决定。
vi.
做(登)广告,作宣传[(+for)]
The company is advertising for typists in the newspapers.
那家公司在报纸上登广告征聘打字员。
blame
vt.
1.) 责备,指责[(+on/for)]
He blamed you for the neglect of duty.
他责备你玩忽职守。
I don’t blame you; I blame myself.
我不怪你;怪我自己。
2.) 把...归咎(于);归因于[(+on/onto)]
Don’t blame the failure on him, but on me.
别把失败归咎于他，该怪我。
n.[U]
1.） 责备,指责[(+for)]
I am ready to take the blame for the mistake.
我准备承担这一错误的责任。
2.） 责任[(+for)]
The judge put/ laid the blame for the accident on the driver of the car.
法官把事故归罪于小轿车司机。
react
vi.
1.) 作出反应,反应[(+to)]
How did she react to the news
她对这个消息反应如何
2.) 影响,起作用[(+on/upon)]
The two react upon each other.
这两者互相影响。
3.) 抗拒,反抗[(+against)]
Children tend to react against their parents by going against their wishes.
孩子们通常以违背父母的意愿来反抗他们。
4.) 起反作用,回过来起作用[(+on/upon)]
Unkindness often reacts on the unkind person.
恶人往往有恶报。
5.) 【化】起化学作用;【物】反应[(+with/on)]
How do acids react on metals
酸对金属会起怎样的化学反应
An acid can react with a base to form a salt.
酸和碱反应会产生盐。
vt.
使起(化学)反应;使发生相互作用[(+with)]
We make superphosphate by reacting rock phosphate with sulphuric acid.
我们使磷酸盐岩同硫酸发生化学反应制造过磷酸钙。
annoy
vt.
1.) 惹恼,使生气;使烦恼[(+by/at/with)]
His mother was annoyed with him for being so rude to their neighbors.
他母亲因为他对邻居如此粗暴无礼而生他的气。
2.) 打搅,困扰
These flies are annoying me.
这些苍蝇一直在打搅我。
vi.
令人讨厌(或不快)
accuse
vt.
1.) 指控,控告[(+of)]
She accused him of stealing her watch.
她控告他偷她的表。
He accused his boss of having broken his word.
他指责老板不守信。
He was accused of murder.
有人指控他谋杀。
2.) 指责,把...归咎(于)
Man often accuses nature for his own misfortunes.
人类常把自己的不幸归咎于天。
associate
vt.
1.) 联想,把...联想在一起[+with]
They associate turkey with Thanksgiving.
他们把火鸡和感恩节联系在一起。
2.) 使联合,使结合[+with]
3.) 使有联系 [+with]
I didn’t want to be associated with it at all.
我根本不想与这事有牵连。
vi.
结交,交往[+with]
He associates with all sorts of people.
他与各种各样的人交往。
Never associate with bad companions.
千万不要与坏人为伍。
get across
传播，使...被理解
I couldn’t get my point across in the debate.
在辩论中我无法清楚地表明自己的观点。
He found it difficult to get his idea across to them.
他发现他难以使他们了解他的想法。
appeal
vi.
1.) 呼吁,恳求[(+to/for)][+to-v]
He appealed to me for help.
他向我求援。
He appealed to his friends for support.
他请求朋友支持。
2. )诉诸,求助[(+to)]
We will appeal to a great variety of sources of information.
我们将求助于多种资料来源。
3.) 有吸引力,迎合爱好[W][(+to)]
The idea appealed to Mary.
这主意正合玛丽的心意。
4.) 【律】上诉[(+to/against)]
He appealed against the five-year sentence he had been given.
他对被判五年徒刑提出上诉。
vt.
【美】将...上诉,对...上诉
He appealed his case to a higher court.
他向上一级法院申诉。
n.
1. 呼吁,请求[C][U][(+to/for)]
He made one last appeal to his father to forgive him.
他最后一次恳求父亲宽恕他。
2. 吸引力,感染力[U]
These subjects have lost their appeal for most students.
对多数学生来说,这些学科已经失去了吸引力。
figure
n.[C]
1.) 外形;体形;人影
I saw a figure in the darkness.
我看到暗处有一个人影。
2.) 体态;风姿
She has an attractive figure.
她有迷人的曲线。
She has a slender figure.
她身材苗条。
3.) 人物;名人
He has become a figure known to everyone.
他已成了一个知名人物。
4.) 数字
Where did you get those figures
你从哪儿得到那些数字的
5.) 数量;金额;价格
His work now commands huge figures.
他的作品现在值大价钱。
6.) 图表;图解;插图
Our textbook has many figures to help explain the lessons.
我们的教科书有许多图表帮助解释课文。
7.) 画像;塑像
vt.
1.) 计算
Please help me to figure out my income tax.
请帮我算一下我的所得税。
2.) 认为,以为;估计[Y][+(that)];料到
How do you figure that
你如何料到的
I figure that you’d want your coffee.
我想你要喝咖啡了。
profit
n.
1.) 利润,盈利;收益,红利[C][U]
He made a profit of fifty thousand US dollars on his house.
他卖掉房子获利五万美元。
2.) 利益,益处;得益[U]
We gained a lot of profit from your advice.
我们从你的建议中获益匪浅。
vt.
有益于
Telling lies won’t profit you.
撒谎对你无益。
vi.
1.) 有益,有利
2.) 得益,获益[(+by/from)]
He learned to profit by his mistakes.
他学会了从自己的错误中获益。
We profit from the work of the specialist.
我们从专家的工作中得到益处。
attach
vt.
1.) 装上,贴上,系上[(+to)]
He’ll attach the label to your luggage.
他会把标签系在你的行李上。
2.) 使依附;使附属[(+to)]
This hospital is attached to the medical college nearby.
这个医院附属附近的那所医学院。
3.) (与oneself连用)使参加;使附着[(+to)]
He attached himself to the expedition.
他参加了那个探险队。
4.) 把...归于[(+to)]
How can you attach the blame for this accident to the taxi-driver
你怎么能把这次事故的责任归于出租车司机呢
vi.
1.) 附属;附加[(+to)]
2.) 归属[(+to)]
The blame for this accident attaches to the man who drove under the influence.
这起事故的责任应由酒后开车的那个人承担。
3.) 伴随[(+to)]
Those are advantages that attach to the profession.
那些都是从事该职业的种种有利条件。
discount
n.[C][U]
折扣;打折扣
We give a special discount of 10 per cent for cash.
如用现金购买,我们给予九折优待。
vt.
1.) 将...打折扣;将商品打去...折扣
That store discounts all its slow-selling goods.
那家商店削价出售所有滞销货。
2.) 不全相信;怀疑地看待
You must discount much of what he says.
他说的好些话,你必须打个折扣听。
vi.
打折扣出售商品
Many stores do not discount at all.
许多商店出售商品一概不打折扣。
make sense
有意义;有道理；讲得通
This sentence doesn’t make sense.
这句子毫无意义。
It makes sense to take care of your health.
好好照顾自己是有道理的。
Unit 6
quit
vt.
1.) 离开;退出
He quitted Paris after a week.
他一周后离开了巴黎。
2.) 放弃[+v-ing]
He has quit smoking.
他已戒了烟。
3.) 解除,免除[(+of)]
She finally quit herself of fear.
她终于消除了恐惧。
4.) 【美】停止[+v-ing]
Quit muttering!
别嘀咕!
vi.
1.) 离开;迁出
If he doesn’t pay his rent, he will receive notice to quit.
如果他不付房租,他将被通知搬出去。
2.) 停止
It’s almost 5 o’clock; time to quit.
都快五点钟了;该下班了。
apply
vt.
1.) 应用;实施[(+to)]
We should apply both theories in the language classroom.
我们应把两种理论都运用到语言教室中去。
2.) 使起作用;使适用 [(+to)]
This rule can not be applied to every case.
这条规则并不是在每种情况下都能适用的。
3.) (后常接oneself)使致力(于),使专心从事[(+to)]
He applied himself to learning French.
他致力于学习法语。
vi.
1.) 申请,请求[(+for/to)][+to-v]
He has applied for a post in England.
他已申请在英国供职。
2.) 起作用;适用 [(+to)]
This rule applies to freshmen only.
此项规定仅适用于大学一年级学生。
assessment
n.
1.) (为征税对财产所作的)估价[U]
2.) 被估定的金额[C]
my tax assessment for 1994
我一九九四年的税额
3.) 评价;估计[C]
He made a careful assessment of the situation.
他对形势作了细致的评估。
assess
vt.
1.) (为征税)估定(财产)的价值[(+at)]
The value of this property was assessed at one million dollars.
这财产的价值估定为一百万元。
2.) 确定(税、罚款、赔偿金等)的金额
assess damage after an accident
事故后确定损害赔偿金额
3.) 对...进行估价,评价
It is too early to assess the effects of the new legislation.
现在来评价新法规的效果为时尚早。
burden
n.[C]
1.) 重负,重担;负担,沉重的责任
The old man bent with a heavy burden on his back.
老人因背着重负而弯腰。
2. )(船的)装载吨数,吨位[the S][(+of)]
vt.
1.) 加重压于,加负担于,烦扰[(+with)]
The government burdened the nation with heavy taxes.
政府使国民负担重税。
2.) 加负荷于,使载重[(+with)]
He was burdened with a large bundle of magazines.
他吃力地捧着一大捆杂志。
desperate
adj.
1.) 情急拼命的,铤而走险的
A desperate man will stop at nothing to get what he wants.
一个亡命之徒为了达到自己的目的什么事都做得出来。
2.) 危急的;绝望的
He was desperate when he lost all his money.
当他丢了所有的钱时,他绝望了。
3.) 极度渴望的[F][(+for)][+to-v]
He was desperate for work to provide for a large family.
他渴望有个工作,挣钱供养子女众多的家。
accustomed
sb’s accustomed cheerfulness 某人一贯的乐观情绪
be accustomed to working/ to work hard 习惯于苦干
relief
n.
1.) (痛苦,负担等的)缓和,减轻;解除[U] [(+of/from/on)]
The pills gave her some relief.
药片减轻她一些痛苦。
2.) 轻松,宽心,慰藉[U]
Hearing the news, he breathed a sigh of relief.
一听到消息,他如释重负地松了口气。
3.) 救济物品,救济金[U]
Relief was flown to the flood-hit areas.
救济物品被空运到洪水泛滥区。
deliver
vt.
1.) 投递;传送;运送[(+to)]
The mailman delivered the letters promptly.
那个邮差准时地投递信件。
2.) 发表;讲;宣布
He delivered an important report at the meeting.
他在会上作了重要报告。
3.) 给...接生;生(婴儿)
She delivered twins in the evening.
晚上她生了一对双胞胎。
4.) 解救;解脱;释放[(+from)]
Education delivered him from ignorance.
教育把他从无知中解救出来。
vi.
1.) 投递;送货;传送
2.) 履行,实现[(+on)]
I am certain that he will deliver on his promise.
我确信他会履行诺言。
Unit7
care for
1.) 喜欢
Would you care for a drink
你想来点喝的吗
2.) 照料
Who will care for the house while the family is away
全家人都不在时,由谁照料这间房子呢
3.) 计较,在意
He doesn’t care for what he eats.
他对吃的东西并不计较。
conscience
n.
良心;道义心;善恶观念[C][U]
I got nothing to hide. My conscience is clear.
我没有什么隐瞒的。我问心无愧。
anyway
adv.
1.) 【口】无论如何,不管怎样,至少,反正
That wasn’t my fault, anyway.
反正那不是我的过错。
It may rain, but we shall go anyway.
也许会下雨,可我们无论如何要去。
2.) 不论以何种方式,不论从何种角度
You can do the job anyway you want.
这工作你想怎么干都行。
3.) 随便地,草率地
He dumped the tools in the box just anyway.
他把工具随随便便往箱子里一扔。
admit
vt.
1.) 承认[+v-ing][+(that)]
You must admit the task to be difficult.
你得承认这个任务是艰巨的。
We have to admit that he’s a highly competent man.
我们必须承认他是个非常能干的人。
I admitted breaking the window.
我承认打破了窗子。
2.) 准许进入;准许...进入(或加入)[(+into/to)]
No one but ticket-holders was admitted.
只有持票者方可入内。
3.) 容许;可容纳
The theater admits 1000 people.
这剧院可容纳一千人。
vi.
1.) 承认[(+to)]
I must admit to feeling ashamed of my conduct.
我得承认因自己的行为而感到羞惭。
2.) 容许,有余地[(+of)]
This matter admits of no delay.
这事不容耽搁。
clap
vt.
1.) 拍(手),鼓(掌);为...鼓掌
The audience clapped the pianist heartily.
听众热情地为钢琴演奏者鼓掌。
2.) 轻拍,击[(+on)]
He clapped the champion on the back and congratulated him.
他拍拍冠军的肩背,向他祝贺。
vi.
拍手,鼓掌
The chairperson clapped to attract our attention.
主席拍手以唤起我们的注意。
n.
1. 拍手喝彩(声)[S]
They gave the speaker a clap.
他们向演讲人鼓掌。
2. 霹雳声;破裂声;拍击声[C]
A clap of thunder reverberated through the house.
一声雷鸣在屋子里回响。
abundant
adj.
1.) 大量的;充足的
abundant rainfall
充沛的雨量
2.) 丰富的;富裕的[(+in)]
The country is abundant in natural resources.
那个国家自然资源丰富。
occupy
vt.
1.) 占领,占据
The enemy soon occupied the town.
敌人很快占领了这个城镇。
2.) 占(时间,空间);占用;住
Reading occupies most of my free time.
阅读占去了我空闲时间的大部分。
The bathroom is occupied.
浴室有人在用。
3.) (常与oneself连用或作被动式)使忙碌,使从事[(+in/with)]
This game will keep the children occupied.
这个游戏让孩子有得忙了。
She is occupied in writing a novel.
她忙于写小说。
He occupied himself with various research projects.
他终日从事各种研究计划。
ambition
n.
1.) 雄心,抱负[U][C]; 野心[U][C]
Her son was filled with ambition to become a great inventor.
她儿子一心想成为伟大的发明家。
2.) 追求的目标[C]
Her ambition was to become a film star.
她一心追求的是做电影明星。
Unit8
motivation
n.
1.) 动力，动机
the motivation for learning
学习的动力
2.) 积极性;干劲
She insists her success is due to motivation rather than brilliance.
她坚称自己取得的成就靠的是干劲，而不是才智。
stick
vt.
1.) 刺;戮;刺死
stick a pig 宰猪
2.) 钉住;插牢
stick a butterfly钉制蝴蝶标本
3.) 粘贴;张贴
They stuck the notice on the wall.
他们把通知贴在墙上。
4.) 【口】放置
Her younger sister helped her stick a flower in her hair.
她妹妹帮她把一朵花插在头发上。
5.) 伸,伸出
Don’t stick your head out of the train window.
不要把头伸出火车窗外面。
6.) 使停止;阻塞
The ship has been stuck here for a week by bad weather.
由于天气恶劣，船只被阻在此已经一周。
vi.
1.) 粘住;钉住
This stamp won’t stick.
这张邮票贴不上。
2.) 陷住;梗塞;被困住
A fish-bone stuck in his throat.
他喉咙里卡了一根鱼刺。
acquire
vt.
1.) 取得,获得
The museum has just acquired a famous painting by Pablo Picasso.
该美术馆刚刚获得一幅毕加索的名画。
Gradually we acquired experience in how to do the work.
我们逐步获得了做这工作的经验。
2.) 学到;养成
She has mastered English grammar and acquired a large vocabulary without the help of a teacher.
她在没有老师指导的情况下,掌握了英语语法,学到了大量词汇。
acquisition
n.
1.) 获得,取得[U]
He devotes his time to the acquisition of knowledge.
他把时间用在获取知识上。
2. 获得物;增添的人(或物)[C]
This dress is Amy’s new acquisition.
这衣服是艾米新添置的。
instruct
vt.
1.) 指示,命令,吩咐
He instructed me to deliver it to a customer.
他吩咐我把东西送去给顾客。
2.) 教授;训练;指导[(+in)]
My job is to instruct her in English.
我的工作是教她英语。
3.) 通知,告知
My agent has instructed me that you still owe me $150.
我的代理人告诉我你还欠我一百五十美元。
anxious
adj.
1.) 焦虑的,挂念的[(+about/at/for)]
I’m anxious about her safety.
我对她的安全担心。
2.) 令人焦虑的
The week of the flood was an anxious time for all of us.
闹水灾的那一星期是使我们大家都焦虑不安的日子。
3.) 渴望的[F][(+for)][+to-v][+that]
We’re anxious for your safe return.
我们盼望你平安归来。
We were anxious that there be no misunderstanding.
我们极愿没有误解。
I could see that she was anxious for Laura to go.
我看得出她巴望劳拉去。
I’m really anxious to see him.
我急于见他。
secure
adj.
1.) 安全的,无危险的[(+from/against)]
Now my house is secure against burglary.
现在我的房子无被盗窃之危险。
2.) 安心的,无忧虑的[(+about)]
You have made me feel secure.
你使我觉得放心。
3.) 有把握的,确定无疑的[(+of)]
Our success is secure.
我们的成功是有把握的。
adopt
vt.
1.) 采取;采纳;吸收
After much deliberation, the president decided to adopt her suggestion.
总经理再三考虑之后,决定采纳她的建议。
2.) 过继,收养[(+as)]
Mr. Kern adopted the orphan as his own son.
克恩先生将那孤儿收养为自己的儿子。
3.) 正式通过,接受
The agenda was adopted after some discussion.
经过讨论,议事日程获得通过。
level
n.
1.) 水平线;水平面[C]
The village is 1,000 meters above sea level.
这村子海拔一千米。
2.) 高,高度[C][U]
The flood rose to a level of 50 feet.
洪水涨到五十英尺高。
3.) (文化等的)水平,程度,标准[C][U]
These students have not reached an advanced level yet.
这些学生尚未达到高级班的程度。
4.) 级别;地位[C]
They are holding a conference at ministerial level.
他们正在举行部长级会议。
association
n.
1.) 协会,公会,社团[C]
Have you joined the teachers’ association
你加入教师协会了吗
2.) 联合,结合;交往[U][(+with)]
I benefited much from my association with him.
我跟他的交往中获益匪浅。
3.) 联想,联想物[C][U]
What association do you have with the color green
绿色会使你产生什么联想
appropriate
adj.
适当的,恰当的,相称的[(+to/for)]
She picked up a dress appropriate for the occasion
她挑了一件适合该场合穿的衣服。
Unit 9
abuse
vt.
1.) 滥用,妄用
He abused his power while in office.
他在职时滥用权力。
2.) 辱骂;毁谤
You are always abusing and offending people.
你总是出言不逊得罪人。
3.) 虐待,伤害
Those captives were physically abused.
那些俘虏遭受了肉体上的摧残。
n.
1.) 滥用,妄用[C][U]
There is no freedom that is not open to abuse.
任何自由都可能被滥用。
2.) 辱骂[U]
She greeted me with a stream of abuse.
她一见我就吐出一连串的污言秽语。
3.) 虐待;伤害[U]
Child abuse is widespread in this country.
这个国家虐待孩子的情况很普遍。
insurance
n.
1.) 保险;保险契约[U] 保险业[U]
I found a job selling insurance.
我找到一份推销保险的工作。
She works in insurance.
她从事保险业。
2.) 保险金额;赔偿金[U][(+on)]
He has $100,000 life insurance, which his wife will receive if he dies first.
他有十万美元的人寿保险,如果他先去世,他的妻子将得到这笔钱。
3.) 预防措施;安全保证[U][S1][(+against)]
I bought some new locks as an additional insurance against burglary.
我买了一些新锁具以进一步防止盗窃。
4.) 保险费[U]
The insurance on my house is very high.
我的房屋保险费很高。
allowance
n.
1.) 津贴,补贴;零用钱[C]
The child has a weekly allowance of five dollars.
这孩子每星期有五元零用钱。
2.) 分配额;允许额[C]
His allowance for food is $100.
他拨出一百美元用于购买食物。
3.) 承认;允许[U]
the allowance of a claim
对要求权的允准
4.) 认可;容忍[C][U]
the allowance of segregation
对种族隔离的容忍
pressure
n.
1.) 压;按;挤;榨[U]
The small box was flattened by the pressure of the heavy book on it.
小盒子被这本厚厚的书压扁了。
2.) 压力;压迫;紧迫;催促[U][C]
He works well under pressure.
他在有压力的情况下工作很出色。
3.) 困扰;艰难[U]
These old people are unaccustomed to the pressure of modern life.
这些老人不习惯现代生活的紧张压力。
consult
vt.
1.) 与...商量
I’ll do nothing without consulting you.
我采取行动之前一定和你商量。
2.) 找(医生)看病;请教
He went to town to consult his doctor.
他进城去看医生。
3.) 查阅(词典、参考书等)
He consulted his notebook repeatedly during his speech.
他讲演时不断看他的笔记本。
vi.
1.) 商议,磋商[(+with)]
We will consult together about her education.
我们将一起商议她的教育事宜。
2.) 当顾问[(+for)]
The retired executive consults for several large companies.
那位退休的总裁在好几家大公司当顾问。
fee
n.
1.) (付给律师、医生等的)酬金,服务费[C]
I’m afraid I can’t afford the doctor’s fee.
恐怕我付不起给医生的酬金。
2.) 费(如学费、会费、入场费等)[C]
They charge a small registration fee.
他们收一点注册费。
3.) 赏金,小帐[C]
vt.
付费(或小帐)给
She feed the waiter.
她付给侍者小费。
significance
n.
1.) 重要性, 重要[U]
The proposals they put forward at the meeting were of little significance.
他们在会上提出的建议无足轻重。
2.) 意义, 含义; 意思[U][S]
He did not understand the significance of my wink.
他没有领会我眨眼的意思。
devotion
n.
1.) 献身;奉献[U][(+to)]
We appreciated his devotion of time and money to the project.
我们感谢他为这一项目花费的时间和金钱。
His devotion to science is well known.
他对科学的献身精神为人熟知。
2.) 忠诚;挚爱,热爱[U][(+to/for)]
devotion to music
热爱音乐
Unit 10
outcome
n.
结果;结局;后果[S1][(+of)]
I think there can be but one outcome to this affair.
我认为这件事只可能有一种结局。
She was satisfied with the outcome of her efforts.
她对自己努力的结果很满意。
weep
vi.
1.) 哭泣,流泪[(+over/for)]
The girl wept over her sad fate.
那女孩为自己悲惨的命运而哭泣。
Mother wept for joy.
母亲高兴得流眼泪。
2.) 悲叹,哀悼[(+over/for)]
We all wept in silence for the deceased.
我们都默默为死者哀悼。
vt.
流(泪);哭泣
The little girl wept herself to sleep.
小女孩哭着哭着入睡了。
n.
哭泣
furnish
vt.
1.) 给(房间)配置(家具等);装备[(+with)]
How are you going to furnish the house
你将如何布置房子
2.) 供应;提供[(+with/to)]
I’ll furnish you with all you need.
我将提供你所需要的一切。
attend to
1.) 注意;致力于
You should attend better to your studies.
你应该更专心于学习。
2.) 关心;照料;护理
The nurse is attending to a sick man.
护士正在照料病人。
do up
1.) 修理
The room needs doing up.
这房子需要修缮。
2.) 使穿上
She was done up in her Sunday best.
她穿着节日盛装。
3.) 使精疲力尽
He was done up after the long trip.
长途旅行后他精疲力尽。
pale
a.
1.) 苍白的,灰白的
She was pale with fear.
她吓得脸色发白。
2.) (颜色)淡的
Her beauty seemed pale beside Mary’s.
她的美貌与玛丽的相比似乎显得黯然失色。
He wore a pale blue tie.
他戴一条浅蓝色的领带
approve
vt.
1.) 赞成,同意;赞许
The professor does not approve the government’s foreign policy.
那位教授不赞成政府的外交政策。
2.) 批准;认可
The city council has now approved the scheme for the erection of a new public library.
市议会业已核准建造一座新的公共图书馆的计划。
vi.
赞成;赞许 [(+of)]
I’m afraid your parents won’t approve of your going there.
我担心你父母不会赞成你到那儿去。
shave
vt.
1.) 剃去...上的毛发;刮(脸)等
shave one’s face
刮脸
2.) 刮(胡子等)[(+off/away)]
He shaved off his beard.
他剃掉了胡须。
vi.
1.) 修面,刮脸
He shaves every morning.
他每天早晨刮脸。
2.) 挤过,勉强通过
He shaved through the math exam.
他勉强通过了数学考试。
n.[C]
1.) 剃刀,刮胡刀;刨刀
2.) 修面,刮脸[S]
I need a shave.
我需要修面。
comb
n.[C]
1.) 梳子;(羊毛等的)毛刷,马鬃刷
2.) 女人头发上梳状的饰物
3.) (用梳子)梳理[S]
My hair needs a good comb.
我的头发需要好好梳理一番。
vt.
1.) 用梳子梳理
The mother combed the child’s hair.
母亲梳理了孩子的头发。
2.) 彻底搜查[(+for)]
We combed the city to look for our lost dog.
我们搜遍了全城寻找我们走失了的狗。
at length
1.) 最后,终于
At length, we began to understand what she wanted.
最后,我们总算弄清楚她到底要什么。
2.) 详细地
He talked at length about his work.
他详细地谈了他的工作。
flash
vt.
1.) 使闪光;使闪烁[(+at)]
Why is that driver flashing his lights at me
那个司机为何用灯照我
2.) (向...)闪现出[(+at)]
I flashed a warning glance at them.
我向他们投去警告性的一瞥。
3.) (火速地)发出(电报,电讯等);使迅速传遍
The news was flashed around the world.
这一消息迅速传遍世界各地。
vi.
1.) 闪光,闪烁
The stars flashed in the night sky.
夜空中群星闪烁。
2.) (想法等)掠过,闪现
A thought flashed through my mind.
我脑子里闪过一个想法。
3. 飞驰,掠过
A car flashed by.
一辆汽车疾驰而过。
n.
闪烁,闪光[C]
There was a flash of lightning a moment ago.
刚才有一道闪电。
simplify
vt.
简化,精简;使单纯;使平易
The subject is immensely complex, and hard to simplify.
这个题目非常复杂,并且很难简化。
Unit 11
criterion/ criteria(pl)
n.
(判断、批评的)标准,准则,尺度[C]
What criteria do you use when judging the quality of a student’s work
你用什么标准来衡量学生的学业
summary
adj.
1.) 概括的,扼要的
He gave a summary report of the day’s events.
他对一天的事件作了简要的报告。
2.) 实时的;草率的;即决的,简易的
The government took summary action to aid the earthquake victims.
政府即刻采取行动救济地震灾民。
n.
总结,摘要,一览[C][(+of)]
He made a summary of the case.
他为这个案件做了一个摘要。
percentage
n.
1.) 百分率,百分比[C] [(+of)]
What percentage of children were absent
缺席的学童占百分之几
2.) 比例;部分[C]
Each of them got a percentage of the profits.
他们每个人都得到一部分利润。
3.) 【口】好处,利益[U]
There is no percentage in arguing with him.
同他争论于事无补。
suspect
vt.
1.) 疑有,察觉
The tiger suspected danger and ran away.
老虎意识到危险便逃跑了。
2.) 怀疑,不信任
We suspected their honesty.
我们不相信他们是诚实的。
3.) 怀疑(某人犯有过错)[+of] [+(that)]
The police suspected that Bill did it.
警察怀疑那件事是比尔干的。
4.) 猜想;料想 [+(that)]
I suspect they’ll come.
我想他们会来的。
n.
嫌疑犯;可疑分子[C]
adj.
可疑的;受到怀疑的;不可信的[(+of/to/with)]
His motives were suspect with others.
他的动机受到其他人的怀疑。
cater
vi.
1.) 提供饮食;承办宴席[(+for)]
He runs a restaurant and also caters for weddings and parties.
他经营饭店,还承办婚礼和宴会酒席。
2.) 满足需要(或欲望);迎合,投合[(+for/to)]
Those newspapers cater to the lowest tastes.
那些报纸迎合最低级的趣味。
vt.
为...提供饮食,承办(宴会等)的酒席
Who’s catering your daughter’s wedding
谁给你女儿承办婚宴
temporary
adj.
临时的;暂时的,一时的
Ellen has got a temporary job.
艾伦找到一份临时工作。
n.[C]
1.) 临时工,临时雇员
She works in the office as a temporary.
她在办公室做临时雇员。
2.) 临时事物;临时房屋
The wartime temporaries will be replaced by permanent homes.
那些战时临时住房将被永久性住宅代替。
expectation
n.
1.) 期待;预期[U][C]
The dog wagged its tail in expectation of a bone.
那条狗摇着尾巴,巴望吃肉骨头。
2.) 期望,预期的事物(pl.)
The reward fell short of our expectations.
奖励不符我们的希望。
3.) 前程(pl.)
a young artist with great expectations
有远大前程的青年艺术家
division
n.
1.) 分开,分割[U][(+into)]
The compilers agreed upon a division of the textbook into twelve units.
编写者都同意把教科书分成十二个单元。
2.) 分配,分派[U][(+between/among)]
The thieves quarrelled about the division of their stolen goods.
这些贼为分偷来的物品而争吵。
3.) 【数】除(法)[U]
The boy has learnt to do division.
这个小男孩已学会做除法。
compromise
n.
1.) 妥协,和解[C][U][(+between)]
I hope we shall come to a compromise.
我希望我们能达成妥协。
2.) 妥协方案,折衷办法;折衷物[C]
The interior decoration of the house is a compromise between Chinese and foreign styles.
这所房子的内部装饰是中西两式的折衷物。
vt.
1.) 互让解决(分歧等)
2.) 连累,危及
You will compromise your good name if you associate with these people.
你如果与这些人交往就会损害你的好名声。
3.) 放弃(原则等);泄露(秘密等)
He refused to compromise his principles.
他拒绝放弃原则。
vi.
妥协,让步[(+on)]
They found it wiser to compromise with her.
他们觉得与她妥协更明智。
dynamic
adj.
1.) 力的;动力的
a dynamic load
动力荷载
2.) 能动的;动态的
a dynamic verb
动态动词
3.) 有活力的;有生气的;强有力的
a dynamic young businessman
生气勃勃的年轻商人
embarrass
vt.
1.) 使窘;使不好意思,使局促不安 [(+with/by)]
Arthur seemed embarrassed by the question.
亚瑟似乎被这个问题弄得有些窘迫。
2.) 使负债;使拮据
A large family embarrassed him.
他子女多,这使他经济拮据。
3.) 妨碍,阻碍
Wearing the heavy coat embarrassed his movements.
穿着厚大衣妨碍了他的行动。
contradictory
adj.
1.) 矛盾的,对立的[(+to)]
The prisoner’s statement was contradictory to the one he’d made earlier.
那个囚犯的供词与早些时候说的相矛盾。
2.) 好反驳的,喜争辩的
a contradictory nature
爱斗嘴的讨厌本性
n.[C]
1.) 矛盾因素,对立物
2.) 【逻】矛盾命题;否定项
violent
adj.
1.) 激烈的;猛烈的;强烈的
The boat sank in a violent storm at sea.
船在海上强烈的风暴中沉没。
2.) 由暴力引起的;暴力的[Z]
She died a violent death.
她惨遭横祸。
3.) 极端的,极度的
A violent impatience overcame him.
他变得极不耐烦。
4.) 狂暴的,凶暴的
The madman was violent and had to be locked up.
这疯子十分凶暴,只好把他锁起来。
resign
vt.
1.) 放弃,辞去
The general resigned his commission.
将军辞去了他的职务。
2.) 把...托交给,委托[(+to/into)]
She resigned her children to the care of her sister.
她把孩子交给她妹妹照管。
3.) 使听从,使顺从[(+to)]
He is resigned to his fate. 或 He resigned himself to his fate.
他听天由命。
vi.
辞职[(+from)]
The simplest thing is for him to resign at once.
最简单的做法就是他立即辞职。
definite
adj.
1.) 明确的,确切的
She made no definite answer.
她没有作确定的回答。
2.) 一定的,肯定的
It’s definite that he’ll be late again.
他肯定又要迟到。
3.) 限定的
congratulate
vt.
1.) 祝贺;恭喜[(+on/upon)]
I congratulate you on your great discovery.
我祝贺你的伟大发现。
I want to congratulate you with all my heart.
我衷心地祝贺你。
2.) (后接oneself)自我庆幸[(+on)]
He congratulated himself on having survived the air-crash.
他庆幸自己在空难中幸免于死。
finance
n.
1.) 财政;金融;财政学[U]
He got the position on the strength of his skill in finance.
他凭着自己的理财本领得到了这个职位。
2.) (对事业的)资金支援[U]
3.) 财源;资金;(国家的)岁入;财务情况[P]
The country’s finances have improved.
这个国家财政状况改善了。
vt.
供资金给;融资,为...筹措资金
Our project is adequately financed.
我们的工程资金充足。
vi.
筹措资金
We are financing for the housing project.
我们在为住宅计划筹措资金。
decline
vi.
1.) 下降,下跌;减少;衰退,衰落
As one grows older one’s memory declines.
人的记忆力随着年龄增长而衰退。
Unemployment declined to 4 percent last month.
上个月失业率降至百分之四。
2.) 【书】倾斜;下垂
3.) 婉拒;谢绝
vt.
1.) 婉拒;谢绝[+to-v]
She declined their invitation.
她婉拒了他们的邀请。
She declined to have lunch with her friend, saying that she wasn’t feeling well.
她说她身体不舒服,婉拒了与她的朋友共进午餐。
2. )【语】使发生词尾变化,使变格
n.
1.) 下降;减少[S1]
There is a decline in real wages.
实际工资有所减少。
2.) 衰退,衰落[the S]
3.) 倾斜[the S]
oral
adj.
1.) 口头的,口述的
An oral agreement is not enough; we must have a written promise.
只有口头协议是不够的;我们必须有一个书面承诺。
He passed his German oral exam.
他通过了德文口试。
2.) 口的,口部的
The oral opening in an earthworm is small.
蚯蚓的口是很小的。
3.) (药)口服的
The doctor prescribed an oral dose of medicine.
医生开了一剂口服药。
Unit 12
load
n.[C]
1.) 装载;担子
The load on that beam is more than it will bear.
那根梁上的载重超过了它所能承受的量。
2.) (精神方面的)负担;重任
The good news has taken a load off my mind.
听了这个好消息我就放心了。
3.) (车,船等的)装载量;一车(或一船等)货物
The truck was carrying a load of sand.
卡车装运一车沙子。
4.) (电机等的)负载,负荷
5.) 工作量
Measures have been taken to lighten the load of the hospital doctors.
业已采取措施减轻医院医生的负担。
vt.
1.) 装,装载[(+with)]
The dockers are loading the ship with coal.
码头工人正把煤装上船。
2.) 把弹药装入(枪,炮);把胶卷装入(照相机)
Don’t forget to load your camera.
别忘了给你的相机装胶卷。
3.) 使摆满;使充满;使长满 [(+with)]
The air was loaded with soot.
空气充满煤烟。
4.) 大量给予[(+with)]
His brothers and sisters loaded him with books.
他的哥哥姐姐送给他许多书。
vi.
1.) 装货[(+up)]
Have they finished loading up yet
他们把货物装完了吗
2.) 上子弹
The soldiers loaded and fired.
士兵们装上子弹便射击。
compulsory
adj.
1.) 必须做的;义务的;必修的
Is English a compulsory subject
英语是必修科目吗
Education is compulsory for children in most countries.
多数国家对儿童实施义务教育。
2.) 强制的,强迫的
compulsory legislation
强制性立法
tendency
n.[C]
1.) 倾向;癖性;天分[(+to/toward)][+to-v]
He has a tendency towards pessimism.
他有悲观的倾向。
Bob has a tendency to exaggerate things.
鲍勃有爱夸张的倾向。
2.) 趋势,潮流[(+to/toward)][+to-v]
There is a tendency towards regional cooperation.
有一种地区性合作的趋势。
3.) 倾向;意向
His new magazine has anarchic tendencies.
他的新杂志有无政府主义倾向。
drop out
1.) 脱离
Luckily, I dropped out before the deal turned sour.
很幸运的,在交易变坏前我已退出了。
One of my teeth has dropped out.
我的一只牙齿掉了。
2.) 退出;退学
She dropped out of school to become a waitress.
她退学去当女招待。
expand
vt.
1.) 展开,张开(帆,翅等)
The eagle expanded its wings.
老鹰展开翅膀。
2.) 使膨胀;使扩张
3.) 扩大;扩充;发展
He is thinking of expanding his business.
他正考虑扩展他的生意。
4.) 详述
They have expanded my view on the question.
他们已更充分地阐明了我对这个问题的观点。
vi.
1.) 展开,张开
2.) 扩张;发展;增长
In ten years the city’s population expanded by 12%.
十年之中,该城人口增加了百分之十二。
3.) 膨胀
Water expands when it freezes.
水结冰时体积膨胀。
A tire expands when you pump air into it.
轮胎打了气就会胀大。
4.) 详细说明[(+on/upon)]
distribute
vt.
1.) 分发;分配[(+to/among)]
They had distributed the lands among the peasants.
他们把土地分给农民。
2.) 散布,分布[(+over)]
This species of butterfly is widely distributed over our country.
这种蝴蝶在我国分布很广。
3.) 把...分类
4.) 分,分开[(+into)]
The teacher distributed the pupils into three groups.
老师把学生分成三组。
donate
vt.
捐献,捐赠[(+to)]
She donated her books to the library.
她把自己的书捐赠给图书馆。
n.
捐献,捐赠[(+to/towards)]
curriculum
n.[C]
1.) 学校的全部课程
The student is very knowledgeable because he also studies things not in the curriculum.
这个学生知识很丰富,因为在学校课程以外他还学习别的东西。
2.) (一门)课程
The professor is busy preparing his chemistry curriculum plan.
这位教授正忙于准备他的化学课程计划。
profession
n.
1.) (尤指受过良好教育或专门训练者,如律师、医生、教师的)职业[C]
She intends to make teaching her profession.
她打算以教书为业。
2.) 同业,同行[the S][G]
The teaching profession claim that they are badly paid.
教师同行们声称待遇太差。
He is a leading member of the medical profession.
他是医疗业中首屈一指的医生。
3.) 声明;表白[C][(+of)]
She did not believe in his professions of love.
她不相信他的爱情表白是真的。
advocate
vt.
拥护;提倡;主张[+v-ing]
He advocates reforming the prison system.
他主张改良监狱制度。
obtain
vt.
得到,获得
He failed to obtain a scholarship.
他没有获得奖学金。
They obtained a loan from the government.
他们从政府那里得到一笔贷款。
vi.
得到公认;通用;流行;存在
Those conditions no longer obtain.
那些情形已不存在。
The custom still obtains in some areas.
某些地区仍保留着这一习俗。
select
vt.
选择,挑选,选拔[(+for/from)][O2]
Mr. Reed has been selected to represent us on the committee.
里德先生代表我们已被选入委员会。
He selected a team for the special task.
他为这项特殊任务挑选了一组人马。
vi.
做出选择,挑选
adj.
1.) 挑选出来的;精选的
A select group of their friends was invited to the wedding.
他们的经过挑选的一群朋友应邀参加婚礼。
2.) 上等的,优等的,卓越的
She only stays at select hotels.
她只住一流旅馆。
suit
n.
(一套)衣服[C]
I picked out a black suit.
我挑了一套黑色西装。
vt.
1.) 适合,中...的意
Would Friday morning suit you
星期五早上对你合适吗
The arrangement suited us both.
这个安排对我们两人都合适。
2.) (不用被动式)与...相配,与...相称
This dress suits you beautifully.
这件衣服你穿非常合适。
3.) 使合适;使适应[(+to)]
Her speech was well suited to the occasion.
她的讲话在这个场合十分得体。
vi.
1.) 合适,适当
Will that time suit
这时间合适吗
2.) 相称;彼此协调[(+to/with)]
The position suits with his abilities.
这个职位与他的能力相称。
Unit 13
reception
n.
1.) 接待,接见;欢迎[S1]
Jim had an enthusiastic reception when he returned home.
吉姆回家时受到了热情的接待。
2.) 接待会;欢迎会;宴会[C]
Our school gave a reception to our new principal.
我们学校为新校长举行了欢迎会。
3.) 接受;接纳;感受,反应[U]
Her calm reception of the bad news surprised her friends.
她听到坏消息镇定自若,令她的朋友们惊奇。
4.) 【英】接待处[U]
Leave your key at reception.
把你房门的钥匙留在接待处。
5.) (无线电、电视的)接收;接收(传真)品质,收听(或收视)效果[U]
Reception improved because of the new antenna.
接受效果因有新天线而得到改善。
considerate
adj.
体贴的;体谅的;考虑周到的[(+of/to/toward)]
He was considerate of everyone.
他对大家都很体贴。
splendid
adj.
1.) 有光彩的;灿烂的
The king was wearing a splendid golden crown.
国王戴着光彩夺目的金王冠。
2.) 壮丽的;辉煌的
We won another splendid victory.
我们又赢得了辉煌的胜利。
3.) 显著的;杰出的
4.) 【口】极好的;令人极其满意的
My kid sister has a splendid memory.
我小妹记忆力极好。
coincidence
n.
1.) 巧合;巧事;同时发生[U][C]
It was a coincidence that he was born on his mother’s birthday.
他在他母亲生日那天出生,真是巧事。
2.) 符合,一致[U]
Is there any coincidence between his opinions and your own
他的意见与你自己的意见有没有一致之处
tension
n.
1.) 拉紧,绷紧[U]
The tension was so great that the rope broke.
绳子拉得太紧绷断了。
2.) (精神上的)紧张[U]
He is suffering from nervous tension.
他正受神经紧张之苦。
3.) 紧张局势,紧张状况[P1][U]
She felt the tension as soon as she entered the room.
她一进房间就感觉到了这种紧张气氛。
theft
n.
偷窃,盗窃[U]
He was accused of theft.
他被指控偷窃。
stubborn
adj.
1.) 倔强的,顽固的;不听话的
He is as stubborn as a mule.
他像骡子一般执拗。
2.) 顽强的,不屈不挠的
The defenders put up a stubborn resistance.
防守将士进行了顽强的抵抗。
3.) 难处理的,难对付的
This lock’s rather stubborn; it needs oiling.
这把锁很难开;得给它加点油了。
4.) (病)难治好的
I had a stubborn cold and coughed day and night.
我得了很难治的感冒,日夜咳嗽。
5.) (污渍)难去掉的
This detergent can remove stubborn stains.
这种去污剂能去除难洗的污渍。
enquiry
n.[U][C]
1.) 询问;打听[(+about)]
make enquiries of somebody about something
向某人询问某事
2.) 调查[(+into)]
An official enquiry into the incident was launched.
官方对这一事件进行了调查。
After months of enquiry we finally discovered the truth.
经过几个月调查,我们最后发现了真相。
assistance
n.
援助,帮助[U][(+in)]
Your technical assistance in the project is greatly appreciated.
您对这个项目的技术援助大受赞赏。
vital
adj.
1.) 生命的;维持生命所必需的
Growth and decay are vital processes.
生长和衰亡是生命过程。
2.) 充满活力的,生气勃勃的
The Chinese I knew were trusting, open, and vital.
我所认识的中国人信赖别人,坦率,充满活力。
3.) 极其重要的,必不可少的[(+to/for)]
The questions put forward at the meeting are of vital importance.
会上提出的那些问题极其重要。
4.) 致命的;生死攸关的
He committed a vital error.
他犯了一个致命的错误。
n.[the P]
1.) (人体的)重要器官
He was lucky that the bullet missed the vitals.
他很幸运,子弹没有击中要害器官。
2.) 重要部分,要害
guilty
adj.
1) 有罪的,犯...罪的[(+of)]
He was found guilty.
他被判有罪。
2.) 有过失的[(+of)]
The manager was guilty of an important misjudgment.
经理犯了一个重大的判断错误。
3.) 自知有过错的,内疚的[(+about)]
I felt guilty after breaking my promise.
我违背诺言后感到内疚。
stain
vt.
1.) 沾污,污染[(+with)]
Blood stained the blanket.
血沾污了毯子。
2.) 玷污,败坏
His crimes stained the family honor.
他的罪行玷污了家庭的名誉。
3.) 给(木材,玻璃等)染色,给...着色
She stained the table brown.
她将桌子涂成了棕色。
vi.
变脏;被沾污
His character is without stain.
他的人品纯洁无瑕。
These carpets won’t stain easily.
这些地毯不易弄脏。
n.
污点,污迹,瑕疵[C]
He’s got an ink stain on his shirt.
他衬衫上有块墨渍。
convince
vt.
使确信,使信服;说服[(+of)]
He convinced me of his innocence.
他使我相信他是无辜的。
I was convinced that he knew the truth.
我确信他知道事实。
assume
vt.
1.) 以为;假定为;(想当然地)认为[+(that)][O2][O8][O9]
I assumed that he had gone for a stroll.
我想他去散步了。
2.) 承担;就任;取得
The prince assumed power when he was only fifteen.
王子在十五岁时就掌权了。
3.) 呈现;采取;采用
His illness assumed a very grave character.
他的病显得非常的严重。
4.) 装出,假装
He assumed a look of surprise.
他装出吃惊的神色。
cancel
vt.
1.) 删去,划掉;勾销,盖销(邮票等)
You should cancel this preposition in the sentence.
你应该删去句子中的这个介词。
2.) 取消,废除;中止
The game was cancelled because of the rain.
比赛因为下雨而取消了。
3.) 抵消,对消[(+out)]
This will cancel your debt to me.
这可抵消你欠我的债务。
4.) 【数】约去,消去[(+out)]
5.) 销(帐)[(+out)]
vi.
1.) 【数】相约,相消
2.) 互相抵消
The $5 I owed him and the $5 he owes me cancel out.
他与我各欠对方五元,正好相互抵消。
3.) 取消;中止
n.[C]
删除;取消;撤销
remark
vt.
1.) 谈到;评论;说 [+(that)]
A local newspaper remarked that crime was on the decrease.
一家地方报纸评论说犯罪案件在减少。
2.) 注意,看到;觉察
I remarked the tense atmosphere as soon as I entered the room.
我一走进房间,就觉察到了紧张的气氛。
vi.
谈论,议论;评论[(+on/upon)]
Prof. Smith remarked on the difference between the two dictionaries.
史密斯教授谈到了这两本词典的不同之处。
n.
1.) 言辞;谈论,评论[C][(+on/upon/about/at)]
He had a habit of making humorous remarks.
他有说幽默话的习惯。
2.) 注意;察觉[U]
He saw nothing worthy of remark at the exhibition.
他在展览会上没有看到值得注目的东西。
innocent
adj.
1.) 无罪的,清白的[(+of)]
He was pronounced innocent of the charge.
他被宣告无罪。
2.) 无害的
The butterfly is an innocent insect.
蝴蝶是一种无害的昆虫。
3.) 天真的,单纯的
4.) 幼稚的;头脑简单的,愚钝的
Don’t be so innocent as to believe everything he says.
不要这么天真,竟相信他所说的一切。
commit
vt.
1.) 犯(罪),做(错事等)
I committed an error in handling the business.
我在处理这一业务时犯了一个错误。
2.) 使承担义务;使作出保证;使表态[(+to)]
He didn’t commit himself to anything.
他没有作任何承诺。
3.) 把...交托给;把...提交给;把...付诸[(+to)]
The child was committed to the nurse’s care.
孩子被交给护士照顾。
4.) 把...押交;把...判处[(+to)]
The judge committed him to ten years’ imprisonment.
法官判处他十年徒刑。
straightforward
adj.
1.) 一直向前的;径直的
They took a straightforward route to the lake.
他们走了一条笔直通向湖的路。
2.) 正直的;老实的;坦率的
I must insist on your giving me a straightforward answer.
我一定要你给我一个直截了当的回答。
I’m quite a straightforward man.
我是一个非常直率的人。
3.) 简单的;易懂的;易做的
The issue is not quite straightforward as it seems.
这个问题不像看上去那么简单。
4.) 明确的,肯定的
Their responsibility is straightforward.
他们的职责是明确的。
roundabout
adj.
绕道的;(说话,做事等)绕圈子的,不直截了当的
As usual, he reached her house in a roundabout way.
一如往常,他绕道来到她的家。
She suggested it in a very roundabout way.
她很婉转地提出了这个建议。
Unit 14
transparent
adj.
1.) 透明的;清澈的
Her mother disapproves of her wearing transparent underwear.
她母亲不赞成她穿透明的内衣。
2.) 显而易见的;一目了然的[+that]
It was transparent that her pride was hurt.
很显然,她的自尊心受到了伤害。
3.) 坦率的,光明正大的
He is a man of transparent sincerity.
他是一个坦率诚恳的人。
4.) 易懂的,明晰的
I like her transparent style of writing.
我喜欢她明晰的文体。
surrounding
n.
环境;周围的事物[P]
He didn’t pay much attention to his surroundings.
他没有多注意他周围的环境。
adj.
周围的;附近的
Foxes started coming in from the surrounding countryside.
狐狸开始从附近的乡下跑进来。
troop
n.[C]
1.) 军队,部队[P]
The enemy troops withdrew.
敌军撤退了。
2.) 骑兵队
3.) 一群;大量,许多[(+of)]
The old man was surrounded by a troop of children.
老人被一群孩子围住了。
A troop of children rushed in and chased each other noisily.
一群小孩冲进来,喧闹地彼此追逐。
4.) 一队的童子军
vi.
1.) 群集,集合[(+up/together)]
2.) 成群结队地走
They all trooped into the meeting.
他们都成群结队前去参加会议。
apparent
adj.
1.) 表面的,外观的;未必真实的
The apparent cause of his illness was excessive drinking, but the real cause was his deep grief at his wife’s death.
他生病的表面原因是饮酒过度,但实际原因是丧妻之痛。
2.) 明显的,显而易见的;明白无误的 [(+to)][+that]
It was apparent that he was in no condition to travel.
他的健康状况显然不宜旅行。
come to light
暴露,真相大白
The scandal came to light when the politician was seen with the lady.
当有人看到那位政客跟那位女士在一起时,真相就大白了。
A political scandal has recently come to light.
最近一桩政治丑闻暴露出来。
maximum
n.
1.) 最大量,最大数,最大限度[C][(+of)]
Our goal is to achieve the maximum of efficiency.
我们的目标是取得最高的效率。
2.) 顶点;(法定的)最高极限;(公路行车的)最高速[the S][(+of)]
Drivers must not exceed a maximum of 55 miles an hour.
司机不得超过每小时五十五英里的最大时速。
3.) 【数】极大值[C]
adj.
最大的;最多的;最高的;顶点的
The maximum speed of this car is 150 miles per hour.
这辆车的最大时速为一百五十英里。
precise
adj.
1.) 精确的;准确的;确切的
I can’t give you a precise date.
我无法告诉你确切的日期。
2.) 明确的;清晰的
His instructions were not very precise.
他的指示不太明确。
3.) 严格的;细致的
We had precise orders to come home by nine o’clock.
我们得到严格的命令须于九点前回家。
4.) 刻板的,拘泥的
He was very precise in his manners.
他的一言一行都有板有眼。
adequate
adj.
1.) 能满足需要(量)的,足够的[(+for)][+to-v]
Martin decided that he had no adequate proof.
马丁断定他没有充足的证据。
2.) 适当的[(+to/for)]
He sought for an adequate solution to the problem.
他寻求解决这个问题的适当办法。
3.) 胜任的 [(+to)]
She proved adequate to the job.
事实证明她能胜任此项工作。
4.) 尚可的,差强人意的
That hotel is merely adequate.
那家旅馆只能说是差强人意。
clarify
vt.
1.) 澄清;阐明
He clarified his stand on the issue.
他澄清了他在该问题上的立场。
His explanation clarified the mystery.
他的说明解开了这个谜。
2.) 净化
It requires of us great efforts to clarify sewage in cities.
净化城市的污水需要我们很大的努力。
3.) 使清楚,使清醒
My mind was clarified on this issue.
对这个问题我的头脑变得清楚了。
vi.
得到澄清;变得明晰
His muddled brain suddenly clarified.
他糊涂的头脑突然清醒过来。
changeable
adj.
1.) 易变的;不定的
His temper’s been changeable this week, so don’t annoy him.
这星期他脾气变化无常,所以不要惹他生气。
2.) 可改变的,可能被改变的
3.) 闪光的;闪色的
changeable silk
闪光丝绸
adaptation
n.
1.) 适应,适合[U][S1]
He made a quick adaptation to the new environment.
他很快适应了新的环境。
2.) 改编,改写;改写本[U][C]
This play is an adaptation of a novel.
这一剧本是由小说改编的。
Unit 15
voluntary
adj.
1.) 自愿的,志愿的
She was a voluntary helper.
她是自愿帮忙的。
2.) 有意的,故意的
voluntary manslaughter
蓄意谋杀
annual
adj.
1.) 一年的;一年一次的
Employees are entitled to an annual paid leave of fifteen days.
职员一年可享受十五天带薪的假期。
2.) 每年的;全年的
Mr. Watson’s annual income is US$20,000.
沃森先生全年的收入为两万美元。
3.) 【植】一年生的
n.[C]
1.) 年刊,年鉴
2.) 一年生植物
Are beans annuals
豆类是一年生植物吗
acknowledge
vt.
1.) 承认[(+as)][+v-ing][+that]
I acknowledge that her criticism is just.
我承认她的批评是公正的。
2.) 就...表示谢忱
The candidate waved his hands to acknowledge the cheers of the crowd.
候选人挥手对大众的欢呼表示感谢。
3.) 告知收到(信件等)
I acknowledged her letter at once.
我马上告知收到了她的信。
4.) 对...打招呼
Stella didn’t even acknowledge me when I waved a greeting.
我向斯特拉挥手致意,可她连招呼也不打一个。
breathless
adj.
1.) 气喘吁吁的,呼吸困难的
The climb made him breathless.
往上爬使他上气不接下气。
2.) (因兴奋、恐惧等)呼吸急促的;屏息的
The children were breathless as they watched the tightrope act.
孩子们在看走绳索表演时呼吸都屏住了。
3.) 扣人心弦的,令人喘不过气的
breathless tension
令人透不过气来的紧张
4.) 呼吸停止的;死的
The body lay breathless on the bed: there was no sign of life.
躺在床上的人停止了呼吸,已经死了。
5.) 无风而沉闷的;闷气的
the breathless air of a hot summer day
炎热的夏日那令人窒息的空气
beneficial
adj.
1.) 有益的;有利的;有帮助的[(+for/to)]
It would be beneficial to keep abreast of developments in Asia.
跟上亚洲形势的发展会有帮助。
2.) 【律】有权益的;受益的
beneficial legacy
有权受益的遗产
satisfaction
n.
1.) 满意,满足;称心[U][(+with/at)]
He smiled in satisfaction when he won the race.
他赢得赛跑后满意地笑了。
2.) 快事,乐事;愉快[C][S1]
Playing tennis is one of his greatest satisfactions.
打网球是他最大的乐趣之一。
worthwhile
adj.
1.) 值得花费时间(或金钱)的,值得做的
It proved worthwhile to make the trip.
此行证明是值得的。
2.) 有真实价值的
You’d better spend your time on some worthwhile reading.
你最好把时间花在读一些有价值的书上。
starve
vi.
1 ) 饿死
The explorers starved to death in the desert.
探险者们在沙漠中饿死了。
2.) 挨饿
3.) 【口】饿得慌
Let’s get something to eat; I’m starving.
我们吃点东西吧;我饿坏了。
4.) 渴望;极需要[(+for)][+to-v]
The plants are starving for water.
这些植物极需要水。
vt.
1.) 使饿死,使挨饿
2.) 以饥饿迫使[(+into)]
They starved the enemy into submission.
他们切断敌军粮援而迫其投降。
3.) 以节食治疗
She’s starving herself trying to lose weight.
她用节食疗法试图减肥。
adjustment
n.
1.) 调节;调整;校正[U][C][(+in/of)]
The company made an adjustment in my salary.
公司对我的薪金作了调整。
2.) 调节装置[C]
the adjustment on a micrometer
测微计上的调节器
3.) 调解[U]
the adjustment of conflicts
冲突的调解
mature
adj.
1. 成熟的;酿熟的
This is the most mature of his plays.
这是他最成熟的一部剧作。
2.) 成年人的
She has the figure of a mature woman.
她有成年女性的体型。
3.) 稳重的;慎重的,周到的
Can’t you behave in a mature way
你的举止不能稳重一点吗
vi.
1.) 变成熟;长成;酿成
Wine and judgement mature with age.
酒陈味香,人老识深。
2.) (票据等)到期
Your deposit matures on April 3rd.
你的存款四月三日到期。
vt.
1.) 使成熟;使长成
Her responsibilities matured her at an early age.
她肩负的责任使她早熟。
2.) 慎重作出;使完善
He matured his plans for the long trip.
他为这次长途旅行仔细地作了计划。
uniform
adj.
1.) 相同的,一致的
All these jackets have a uniform size.
所有这些夹克尺寸相同。
2.) 不变的,始终如一的
The laboratory is kept at a uniform temperature.
实验室保持恒温。
n.
制服;军服[C][U]
Tom looks handsome in uniform.
汤姆穿上制服很英俊。
possess
vt.
1.) 拥有,持有;具有;占有
The country possesses rich mineral deposits.
这个国家拥有丰富矿藏。
2.) 使拥有,使掌握 [(+of/with)]
Though plain-looking, Mary is possessed of great intelligence.
虽然相貌平平,玛丽却拥有智慧。
3.) 支配,控制
One main idea possessed her; she must get away from home.
她只有一个想法;她一定要离家出走。
Unit 16
adviser
n.[C]
1.) 顾问;劝告者[(+on/to)]
an adviser on foreign affairs
外交事务顾问
He is one of the advisers to the President.
他是总统的顾问之一。
2.) 【美】(指导大学新生学科问题等的)指导教授
adore
vt.
1.) 崇拜,崇敬;敬重
People adore him for his noble character.
人们因他人格高贵而敬重他。
2.) 爱慕,热爱
We adore our sisters and brothers.
我们爱自己的兄弟姐妹。
3.) 【口】极喜欢[+v-ing]
She adores going to the theater.
她就是爱看戏。
I adore chocolate.
我非常喜欢巧克力。
vacant
adj.
1.) 空的;空白的
By the end of the game, the stadium was almost vacant.
到比赛结束的时候,体育馆几乎空了。
2.) 空着的,未被占用的
A vacant apartment in New York City is very difficult to find.
在纽约市内很难找到一所空的公寓住处。
3.) (职位)空缺的
That position remains vacant.
那个职位仍旧空着。
4.) 空闲的,清闲的
That will leave plenty of hours vacant.
那样的话就有许多空闲时间了。
5.) (心灵)空虚的;(神情)茫然的;心不在焉的;愚蠢的
She has a vacant look.
她脸上没有表情。
assess
vt.
1.) (为征税)估定(财产)的价值[(+at)]
The value of this property was assessed at one million dollars.
这财产的价值估定为一百万元。
2.) 对...进行估价,评价
It is too early to assess the effects of the new legislation.
现在来评价新法规的效果为时尚早。
occupation
n.
1.) 工作,职业[C]
He is a bus driver by occupation.
他的职业是公车司机。
2.) 消遣;日常事务[C][U]
He was bored for lack of occupation.
他因无所事事而感到厌烦。
3.) 占领,占据;占领时期[U]
The Japanese occupation of Taiwan lasted fifty-one years.
日本占领台湾达五十一年之久。
4.) 占用;居住;占用Unit 4 Green world
Reading:
Warming up
Look at the pictures and match each flower with its correct name
Which flower is your favorite Explain why.
Pre-reading
Why was Carl Linnaeus important to the history of botany as a science
His system of grouping plants in families was unique, which based on the arrangement of the male and female organs in the flowers.
While-reading
Fast reading
How many people are mentioned in the passage
Carl Linnaeus Daniel Solander Joseph Banks Captain Cook
Careful reading
1. Before Linnaeus botany was ________．D
A．studied by doctors B．unknown to anyone C．fully developed D．a branch of medicine
2. Some economic species plants such as____ could help to develop local economies．C
A．rose and peony B．tea and apple C．cocoa and hemp D．Cocoa and lemon
3. It was ____ who made Kew a centre of scientific and economic research．A
A．Joseph Banks B．Captain Cook C．Linnaeus D． Daniel Solander
4.Paragraph one of the text mainly tells us ___ ．C
A．the importance of botany B．how to classify plant species into groups
C．Linnaeus’contribution to botany D．Linnaeus’discoveries about different species
5.Captain Cook made ___voyages altogether around the world. C
A．one B．Two C．Three D.four
Post-reading
1. How did scientists classify plants before Linnaeus
Some scientists classified plants into herbs and trees, or according to the shape of the fruit, or whether they had flowers or not.
2. What were the goals of James Cook’s first voyage around the world
To study the passing of the planet Venus across the sun; to record, classify and describe all plant and animal life observed during the trip; to search for an unknown southern continent.
3. Why did Joseph Banks have to supply his own money to equip part of the expedition
Because the government would not pay for such a new field of science as botany.
4. What could be a possible explanation for the name “strawberry”
When people plant strawberry, they spread straw under the fruit to reduce the necessary amount of watering.
Integrating skills
Scanning
Find out the important people mentioned in the text.
Charles Darwin From England Gregor Mendel From Austria
Gote Turesson From Sweden
Choose the best answers according to the passage
1. The research by Darwin, Mendel and Turesson shows that_ . C
A. genetics is more important than the environment to plants
B. genetics is less important than the environment to plants
C. both genetics and the environment are important to plants
D. neither genetics nor the environment is important to plants
2. Darwin observed that the birds with _ _ would eat_ . B
A. small beaks l hard seeds B．broad beaks；hard seeds
C. hard beaks；hard seeds D．broad beaks；soft seeds
3.Darwin joined the scientific expedition on _____ ． C
A. the Endeavour B.Tahiti C．the Beagle D．space
4. Scientists of the nineteenth century believed that . D
A．the development of new species was behind the influence of the environment
B．the development of new species and the influence of the environment were hand in hand
C．the development of new species had nothing to do with the influence of the environment
D the influence of the environment was behind the development of new species .
5. Darwin studied physics，chemistry and botany because_________ . B
A．he was invited to join scientific expedition
B．he was interested in them
C．he could do a lot Of experiments
D．he wanted to finish his book“On the Origin of Species”
Fill in the following blanks
Scientist Research/experiment Result
Charles Darwin The wild life of Galapagos, many varieties of garden roses There were differences between the species of the different islands’yet all showed a clear relationship with those of America’ differences in habitat could lead to different species in birds as well as in plants.
Gregor Mendel Flowers and peas Many characteristics were passed on from one generation to the next, without influence by the environment. His research gave birth to the science of genetics.
Gote Turesson A wild plant found on the Swedish west coast Found evidence for the existence of stable varieties within species in nature. He showed that differences between plants of one species occurred as a result of the environmental conditions in their habitat.
The text can be divided into four parts
Part I Pa1-3: Darwin and his research.
Part II Pa4-5: Mendel and his experiment.
Part III Pa6: Turesson and his study
Part IV Pa7: the importance and significance of the research of the three.
Important sentences in the passage
1. It was Darwin’s visit on the Beagle to the Galapagos Isles that gave him the key to his new theory.
2. Back home, in England, Darwin realized that differences in habitat could lead to different species in birds as well as in plants.
3. As a result of Darwin and Mendel’s research, scientists of the nineteenth century formed the belief that that influence of the environment was behind the development of new species.
4. It would take a next generation of scientists to bring the importance of the environment on species back in view.
Translate the following phrases into English:
详细地 in detail 处于支配的地位，负责 in charge of
由……负责 in the charge of 任命某人为……appoint sb. as
将……分类成classify…into… 计算……之间的距离 calculate the distance between…
一代一代传下去pass on from one generation to the next 建于…；以…为基础be based on
参与; 陷入 ……的活动be involved in 根据;视……而定；按照according to
搜索；寻找 search for 总而言之 altogether
match…with （在品质；颜色；设计等方面）相等，相当，相配
at the age of 在……岁时 look out for 警惕;留心;守侯
on a large scale 大规模地;大范围地 year after year 年年;年复一年
pass away 逝世 name…after 给……取名;命名
take care of 关心;照顾 classify…into 分类;归类
develop a lifelong friendship with 与……结存了终生好朋友 born into 出生
have an appetite for knowledge 有求知欲 a great deal of 大量;许多(用于不可数名词)
lie in 在于 related to 与……有关
the key to 关键是(在于) adapt to 适应于
be sunken into 堕入 a bunch of flowers
at first sight lead a cosy life
make two more voyages be involved in
lead sb. to do sth. calculate the distance between
pass on from on generation to the next form the belief
in view adapt to the new environment
Unit 5 Getting the message
Reading:
Look at the pictures on page37 and fill in the chart
Items Ad 1 Ad 2 Ad 3
The products they persuade you to buy Advanced electronic roducts Shampoo Soft drinks
How to persuade By using abstract design, slogan and pictures By using wonderful pictures ,slogan and realistic products By using wonderful pictures, slogan and products
The message each ad gives High quality,Help customers to succeed Create beauty,bring happiness and love to customers Help athletes to refresh themselves.
How is the information conveyed Pictures, slogan, spokesman Products,slogan, pictures Pictures,slogan, products
Words related to advertising
advertise, advertisement advertiser, brand, post, spokesman, spokeswoman, designer, entertain, promote, customer, slogan, text, writer mislead, humorous, persuasive, broadcast, annoy, appeal to
Pre-reading
Collect advantages and disadvantages of advertisements from the students
Advantages Disadvantages
Provide information Mislead customers
Increase sales Give false or incorrect information
Make the public aware of social problem Raise the price of products
…
1.the first form of advertising : in Greece and Egypt around 1500 B.C.
2.the first printed advertisement: in London 1477
3.the first commercials on radio: about 1920
4.the first commercial on TV: after World War 2
Reading Find out the main idea for each paragraph
Pa1: Ads are found almost everywhere
Pa2: People react to advertisements in different ways.
Pa3: The basic principle of advertisements is to influence customers’ choices.
Pa4: Ads help companies and customers n a variety of ways.
Pa5: the most important function of advertising is to introduce new products.
Pa6: Governments and other organizations use ads to make people aware of government policies and social problems.
Pa7: Customers should be careful of illegal ads.
Pa8: Customers should learn to protect themselves from false ads and make smart choices.
Answer the following questions
Fast reading
1.What is people’s reaction to ads. P2
2.What is the basic principle of advertising P3
3.What is the most important function of ads P5
4.what’s the advantage of good ads P8
Careful reading
1.Why is advertising popular
2.How does advertising help consumers and companies
3.What is the basic principle behind advertisements
4.Why do advertisers often have to work hard to attract people’s attention
5.What is a “bait-and-switch” a
6.How can we protect ourselves from misleading ads
Choose the best answers:
1.The word “advertising” means to make a product known to . D
A managers through broadcast B leaders by radios
C firms by printed notices D people in various ways.
2.One advantage of advertising is that it helps . A
A increase product sales B make a product more expensive
C increase production D reduce the costs of a product
3.Advertising is a highly developed . B
A information B industry C trade D science
4.The development of radio, television, cinema, magazines and newspapers has with the development of advertising. B
A followed up B gone hand in hand C gone behind D taken place
5. The best chance to reach customers is to . C
A sell them the product B sell them what money can not buy: love, happiness and success.
C appeal to their emotions D reduce the price of the products.
6．The development of media has gone hand hand the development of advertising. C
A. by; by B. by; with C. in; with D. in; by
8.People react to advertisements in different ways.Because . 答案：A
A. ads are useful and entertaining to some people while annoying to others
B. ads are useful and entertaining C. ads are annoying
D.ads are not only useful and entertaining but annoying
9.When we buy an expensive product, can help us make the right decision. 答案：B
A. sellers B. ads C. our friends D. defenders
10.“Not all ads are used to promote a product or to increase a company’s profits” means . 答案：D
A. all ads are used to promote a product or to increase a company’s profits
B. few ads are used to promote a product or to increase a company’s profits
C. no ads are used to promote a product or to increase a company’s profits
D. all ads are not used to promote a product or to increase a company’s profits
11.In order not to become easy target for ad makers, we must . 答案：A
A. distinguish between fiction and facts B. watch TV more often
C. believe all the ads D. never believe any ads
12.The best chance to reach customers for the advertisers is to . 答案：A
A. appeal to their emotions B. make interesting pictures
C. give customers proper prices D. send messages to customers
13.Paragraph 4 is mainly about . 答案：C
A. ads must increase the production B. ads must reduce the price of the production
C. ads must help companies and customers D. ads must make a product more expensive
14.Which sentence tells us the main idea of Paragraph 5 答案：C
A. The most important function of advertising is to introduce the prices of the products.
B. The most important function of advertising is to introduce the types of the products.
C. The most important function of advertising is to introduce new products.
D. The most important function of advertising is to introduce the company where the products come from.
15.Why is advertising popular 答案：C
A. Because ads are found in newspapers. B. Because ads are found on the Internet.
C. Because ads are found on TV. D. Because ads are found everywhere.
16.We can infer from the last sentence of the text that . 答案：C
A. we must learn to believe ads B. we must learn to accept ads
C. we must learn to analyse ads D. we must learn to accuse ads
T or F
1.People react to advertisements in different ways.( )
2.The basic principle of advertising is fairly difficult.( )
3.Since an increase in sales means an increase in production, the price may be increased, too. ( )
4.Truthful ads provide good information that helps customers to decide whether they want or need the advertised product.( )
5.Perhaps the most important function of advertising is to increase a company’s profits. ( )
6.By using the techniques developed by the advertising industry, governments and other non-profit organizations can spread knowledge, change attitudes and improve society.( )
7.All ads are not used to promote a product or to increase a company’s profits.( )
Difficult sentences
1.The development of radio ,television and other media has gone hand in hand with the development.
2.Customers see so many ads every day that advertisers must work hard to get their message across.
3.The best chance to reach customers is to appeal to their emotions.
4.First of all ,we should always keep an eye out for “hidden information”.
Integrating skills
Fill in the blanks for the revision
Advertising is a highly developed industry. It has gone hand in hand with radio, television and other media.
People react to ads in different ways. Some think ads are useful and help consumers
make informed choices while others accuse companies of using ads to mislead panies can influence customers’ choices by introducing a brand name and by associating products with customers’ needs. There are so many ads for customers that advertisers must try to get their message across by appealing to their emotions.
Ads help companies and customers in all kinds of ways. They can help companies increase sales . At the same time , they help customers choose among all the available products. In fact, truthful ads provide good information,and help customers compare feathers, functions and costs. Some governments name a famous person as their spokesman or spokeswoman to make people aware
of their social problems and policies.
Customers should protect themselves by keeping an eye out for bad ads, telling false information from real facts and making good choices.
II Lead-in
1 what product do they persuade you to buy
2 what information about product can you get
3 How is the information conveyed
4 What are the skills of making good ads
III Reading
1 How do the ad-makers create a positive image of the product they are promoting
2 How do ad-makers choose a name for the product
3 What kind of slogans should be used to make the consumers to form a positive image Can you give an example
4 How are the ads presented
How to create a positive image of the product
Choose the words and brand names A good slogan
1 tell the consumer about 1 should be catchy
the advantages of the product 2 easy to remember
2 choose a funny name 3 convey a message
3 use a well-known word
4 choose names from old stories
5 invent a new word
Ads are started with a puzzle or question
And presented in a humorous way
in order to 为的是;目的在于 take …into consideration 考虑某事物
compare…with…把……与……比较(对比) complain about 对某人与某物抱怨
in charge of… 负责;处于控制或支配的地位 hand in hand 手拉手;密切关联的
with the develop of 随着……发展 on the other hand 另一方面
get… across 传播或为人理解 instead of 代替(后面接名词\代词\动名词或介词短语)
appeal to 呼吁;上诉;投合(兴趣或心愿) armed with用…… 做准备;备有
make sb. aware of 使人明白;觉察;意识到 keep an eye out for留心或注意到某人或某事物
protect…from… 防护而不受 at the right time 在恰当的时候
point out to (向某人)指出;使注意 make sense 有意义;有道理;讲得通
accuse…of… 指责;控告 attach to 系;贴;固定;附着
differ from 不同于 attach importance to 给予重视
start with 以 开始 with the purpose of 以 为目的
point out 指出 refer to 指/参考
think twice 慎重考虑 large amounts of money
make good choices out of ten
take a critical attitude towards advertisements with the purpose of
a series of at a loss
profit by / from
Unit 6 Going west
Reading
Lead-in and Pre-reading
1． Who the Native Americans were Where did they live and what do you know about their life
The Native Americans were the Indian. They lived in the vast land of West America and their life was simple and hard. They hunt for food and rode on horses.
2. History counts many cases in which settlers moved into areas that belonged to other people. Can you give some examples What happened
The American continents were peopled as a result of two long-continuing immigration movements, the first from Asia, and the second from Europe and Africa. The first movement began probably 25, 000 years ago when Siberian tribes, in search of new hunting grounds or of refuge from pursuing enemies, crossed over the Bering Strait to Alaska. By 1492, over 10-20 million people, mistakenly called Indians by Christopher Columbus, inhabited the Americans. They developed their own aboriginal cultures, which ranged from the simple to the complex, from those of the primitive tribes to the brilliant civilizations of the Aztecs, the Incas and the Mayas. The second migration to the Americas began with the expansion of Europe at the start of the modern period from the 16th century.
3. The new settlements in America soon became known as the Wild West. Why
Because the western states of the US during the years were settled by the first Europeans. There was not much respect for the law there.
Read the text then answer some questions.
1 When did we decide to move to another place 1845,10
2 How long did the journey last About a year
3 What is our first destination India Greek in Kansas
4．What does “account” in the first line means
The “account” here means description. For example, “She gave the police a full account of the incident.”
5. In paragraph two, the author mentioned Indian Greek. Where was it and was it very important
It was in Kansas. It was the frontier at that time and also the meeting place for people moving to the west.
6. Do you know what difficulties they ran into during the journey
They entered the desert and lost their way, and didn’t have enough water to drink. Their animals died from lack of water.
7. According to the fourth paragraph, why do people call the desert Death Valley
People showed coldness and were not willing to help others in trouble. They abandoned everything they could. Valley is in chaos and full of dead animals. Therefore, we called it Death Valley.
8. Is the journey hard Can you make some examples about it
Yes, it is hard. You can make many examples.
9. What is the theme of this passage
If you make unremitting efforts, you will achieve your goals. Don’t give up before difficulties.
Listening
Listen to the tape carefully then do these exercises.
Post—reading
Exercise1. True or False
1 We traveled alone. (F with many other families)
2．When a young man in our group suggested that I stay behind with the children and wait for help, I agreed. (F I didn’t agree.)
3. When the animals smelt the water, they all ran.
Exercise 2
Choose the best answers
1.The reason why my father wanted to go to California is that . 答案：C
A. California was in desert B. California was far away
C. California was a wonderful land described in a book
D. California was the largest state in the USA
2.People moving to the west would meet in . 答案：A
A. Kansas B. California C. Salt Lake Valley D. Salt Lake Desert
3.On which day did the author enter the Salt Lake Desert 答案：B
A. April 12. B. November 4. C. October 15. D. December 25.
4.Why did the travelers call their ninety-mile drive through the Salt Lake Desert the “Long Drive” 答案：D
A Because the landscape was dry and barren. B. Because water was salty and not drinkable.
C. Because their water supply was so low. D. All of the above.
5.After the travelers burnt their wagons, they had to go on their feet with another miles to go. B
A.2 500 B.500 C.90 D.45
6.Why didn’t the author stay behind with the children and wait for help A
A. Because that meant he/she would die.
B. Because he/she knew that children were tiresome.
C. Because he/she knew that there was a wagon waiting for him/her.
D. Because he/she felt he/she could get a prize by his/her father.
7.The animals almost ran when the travelers reached the edge of the desert, why 答案：C
A. Because they were tired and weak. B. Because they had no burden.
C. Because they must have smelt the water. D. Because they went back to their home.
8.How long did the author spend finishing the journey 答案：A
A. More than 40 months. B. About 2 months.
C. About a year. D. About a year and a month.
9.From the text, we can infer . 答案：D
A. the author and the travelers had to go all day and all night long
B. there was no oxen left when the travelers reached California
C. many travelers died when their days of hardship came to an end
D .it’s a long way to travel from the author’s hometown to California
10.The best title of the text is . 答案：B
A.A Journey To California B. Long Drive
C. The Salt Lake Desert D. Enjoy Your Life
Questions:
1 Where in the text do you find evidence that the wagons were not he most suitable means of transport You can find your answers in paragraph 3.
2 Why did the travelers call their ninety mile-drive through the Salt Lake Desert the “long drive”
We had to travel long without water or grass for the animals to eat. It was hard.
3 What can you learn from this reading passage What impresses you most
1)After suffering from many difficulties, we can live a better life. Facing the hardship, never give up, etc.
2)The courage of the people impresses me most.
Passage analysis
1. What the writing techniques of this text are
A. Use of the chronological order to narrate the story.
B. Use many participles to make the text readable and concise.
C. The landscape of the Salt Lake Valley sharply contrasts with that of the Salt Lake Desert. The scenery of the Salt Lake Valley is very beautiful, however, that of the Salt Lake Desert is dry and barren. Use the sharp contrastive scenery, expressing the hero’s optimism about the life that he dreamed of in the West and coming across the difficulties on the way to the West.
2. What is the writing style of the text
The text is a narrative writing, which related a story that the hero’s family and other many families moved to the West. They ran into many difficulties on the way to the West. Finally they got to the West and started a new life. The text, which uses the first person to relate the hero’s true experiences, gives us a vivid description.
3.What is the main idea of the text
The text related a story that the hero’s family and other many families moving to the West. They ran into many difficulties on the way to the West. Finally they got to the West and started a new life. When they came across the problems, they didn’t escape them. However, they faced reality and solved the problems. They insisted on and made unremitting efforts, so they made their dream come true. Moreover, An iron pestle can be ground down to a needle — perseverance will prevail.
4. What’s the purpose of the writer
The writer wanted to tell us “When one comes across the problems, one shouldn’t escape them. However, he should learn to face reality and solve the problems. As long as he overcomes the difficulties and never gives up, he will achieve his goals and succeed. Moreover, he has dreams in his heart. As long as he insists on and makes unremitting efforts, I believe he will make his dreams come true some day. In fact, life itself is a battle. Natural environment and nature are your enemies. If you defeat them, you can live in the world, or it is death that is waiting for you.”
5. What can we learn from this text
We learned that during our lifetime, we may run into many difficulties. When we come across the problems, we shouldn’t try to escape. Instead, we should learn to face reality and solve the problems. As long as we overcome the difficulties and never give up, we will achieve our goals and succeed. Moreover, we all have dreams in our heart. As long as we insist on and make unremitting efforts, we will make our dreams come true one day.
Integrating skills
Lead-in
What did he describe in the novel The Call of Wild by Jack London And where did the story happen
This story happened in Alaska, a far and cold land. It described the life of a dog named Buck as well as other dogs’ encounter.
Reading
1. Who do you think the three persons are What are they talking about
I think Mr. Rivers is the host of a program. I guess Mr. Parks is a historian or something else. Ms. Welch is the granddaughter of Dr Welch. And Dr Welch was a doctor of a small city called Nome.
2. Where did the story happen And what happened to the children
The story happened in a small city called Nome. Some children in the city had a terrible disease and they would die if they couldn’t get enough vaccine.
3. Where could they get the vaccine that would save the children
A hospital in Anchorage had a good supply of vaccine. It was far away from Nome.
4. What difficulties did they meet on the way and how did they overcome them
They faced many difficulties. First, the time was limited. The children would die if their treatment was delayed too long. Second, at that time, the sea was frozen and the only two planes had been stored, nothing got to Nome quickly. Third, The Arctic winter was very cold and there were terrible storms.
Difficulties with the medicine delivery Their attitudes and solutions
Traffic problems: The sea frozen; the only two planes stored; no quick traffic A train took the medicine from Anchorage to Nenana; A relay of dog teams between Nenana and Nome
Snow storms and low temperature Kept going without stop
Time limitation Covered almost 700 miles in little more than 127 hours
Post-reading
Questions on P53 and P54.
Suggested answers:
1. Flu and diphtheria
2. As we all know, SARS spread through the world in 2003. SARS is short for Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome.
3. Dr Welch could save the children if he could get enough vaccine as quickly as possible.
4. Relay is an act of passing something along from one person, group, or station to another. We have relay race in sports, and torch relay.
5. A relay of dog sleds was chosen as the best transportation because in 1925, nothing got to Nome quickly, the sea was frozen, and the only two planes had been stored.
Phrases
believe in 信任;信耐 stand for 代表;代替
adapt to 适宜 lose heart 灰心;泄气
be cast away (被)抛弃 give up 放弃
less than 少于;不足 set off for 开始(旅程;赛跑);出发
move on 继续前进 take the way 出发;首途
lose one’s way 迷路 hang out 伸出
in desperate need of 在极度需要的(时候) on our feet=on foot 步行
be accustomed to doing sth. (通常用于被动语态)习惯于 suffer from 患病;遭受……之苦
hurry on to (with) 赶紧办理;急急忙忙地去做某事 stop to do sth.停下来去做某事
start doing sth. 开始做某事 go on all fours 用四肢
(at)the edge of of (在)……边缘 stare at 瞪视; 凝视
come to an end 结束;终止 a race against time 与时间赛跑
save…from 挽救……免于 take up to 占用(时间;空间)
at stake 在危险中;关系重大 risk one’s life to 冒险去做某事
apply…to… 运用;应用 add up (两个或两个以上的数量或量)加起来
take it easy 别紧张;放松点 keep up 维持;保持;使某事处于高水平
common sense 常识;情理 leave behind 忘带;留下
live through sth. 经历某事物而幸存 tie up 系;拴;捆
go for 为……去;努力获取 be more of a leader than a follower
be honest with by day / by night
pass through be on one’s feet
be accustomed to in anxiety of
reach the promised land come to an end
a relay of dog teams take up to 13 days
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