牛津英语模块二unit 1 Grammar[下学期]

课件36张PPT。现在完成时通常使用现在完成时的几种情况：1 表示发生在过去对现在仍有影响的动作。
I have read the book.
2 表示过去发生一次或多次的动作。
We have all played football.
3 表示过去开始的动作一直延续到现在，只能用于某些带有延续意义的动词，常与for, since, so far 等连用。
He has taught here since ten years ago.Complete the following sentences with the proper tense.1 We _____________ (study) English for about five years.
2 They ______________ (live) in the south since their daughter was born.
3 I ___________ (read) your article three times. It’s well written.
4 The student _____________ (finish) her homework already.
5 Eric _____________ (go) back to his hometown today.
6 The police ____________________ (just finish) searching the area.
have studiedhave livedhave readhas finishedhas gonehave just finished现在完成时与一般过去时的区别：一般过去时表示发生在过去的动作，和现在无关；现在完成时则强调某一发生在过去的动作与现在的关系，如对现在产生的结果或影响等。
He __________ (work) in the city for ten years.
workedhas worked
完成下列句子：
I _______(see) this film yesterday. （强调看的动作发生过了）
I ____________ (see) this film. （强调对现在的影响，电影的内容已经知道了）
He __________ (be) in the League for three years. （在团内的状态可延续）
He ________ (join) the League three years ago. （强调加入的动作发生在过去）sawhave seenhas been joined一般过去时还是现在完成时？1 They _______ (move) to the south in 1990 and ________ (live) there since then.
2 Eric _______ (leave) home last year and ___________ (just come) back.
3 Justin __________ (be) away from home for several days. He __________(disappear) last Friday.
4 They _____(buy) this house three years ago and they __________ (live) here since then.
5 My brother ______ (go) to see my grandpa last week. He _________ (visit) him three times this month.
movedhave livedlefthas just comehas beendisappearedboughthave livedwenthas visited现在完成时与一般过去时常用的时间状语：一般过去时常与具体的时间状语连用，而现在完成时通常与模糊的时间状语连用，或无时间状语。
一般过去时的时间状语：
yesterday, last week，…ago, in1980, in October, just now, in the past等，皆为具体的时间状语。
现在完成时的时间状语：
for, since, already, yet, so far, up to now, ever, never, recently, lately, just, in the past … years,等，皆不确定的时间状语。
延续性与非延续性动词：判断正误：
延续性动词常与for, how long, since 等引导的表示一段时间的状语或状语从句连用。一些非延续性动词如come, go, leave, die, join, marry 等如用于现在完成时，一般不可以与表示一段时间的时间状语连用，此时应改为意义相近的延续性动词来表达。
1 He has died for 3 years.
2 He has been dead for 3 years.
3 He died 3 years ago.
4 It has been 3 years since he died.
TFFF注意：非延续性动词的否定形式可以与表示延续时间的状语连用。即动作不发生的状态是可以持续的。
判断正误：
（　　）I have received his letter for a month.
（　　）I received this letter a month ago.
（　　）I haven't received his letter for almost a month.
错对对比较since和for：Since 用来说明动作起始时间，for用来说明动作延续时间长度。例如：
　　I have lived here for more than twenty years.
　　I have lived here since I was born.
注意：并非有for 时间状语的句子都用现在完成时。
　　 比较：I ______ (work) here for more than twenty years. （我现在已不在这里工作。）
　　 I ___________ (work) here for many years.（现在我仍在这里工作。）
　　注意：用句型转换的方法，很容易排除非延续动词在有for/since结构的完成时中的误用。
　　1）（ ） Tom has studied Russian for three years. = Tom began to study Russian three years ago, and is still studying it now.
　　2）（ ） Harry has got married for six years. = Harry began to get married six years ago, and is still getting married now.
第二句应改为 Harry got married six years ago. 或 Harry has been married for six years.workedhave worked 对错用于现在完成时的特殊句型
1）It is the first / second time.... that…结构中的从句部分，用现在完成时。例如：
It is the first time that I _________ (visit) the city.
This is the first time （that） I _________ (hear ) him sing.　
注意：It was the third time that the boy _______ (be) late.
2）This is +形容词最高级+that…结构，that 从句要用现在完成时。例如：
　 This is the best film that I _____ ever ______ (see).
典型例题
（1） ---Do you know our town at all?　
　 ---No, this is the first time I ___ here.
A. was　 B. have been　 C. came D. am coming
（2） ---Have you ____ been to our town before?
　 ---No, it's the first time I ___ here.
A. even, come　 B. even, have come　　
C. ever, come　 D. ever, have come have visitedhave heard had been haveseenBD现在完成时在时间或条件状语从句中的用法：完成下列句子：
现在完成时在时间或条件状语从句中可以表示将来。
1. I’ll give you the book as soon as I ________ (finish) it.
2. If you ________ ( see) the film, you will like the director. have finished have seenRead the diary entry on Page 8 and complete it using the correct forms of the verbs in brackets.
(2) saw (3) has visited (4) loves (5) hasn’t visited (6) has swum (7) has never met (8) has dived (9) has found (10) hasn’t found (11) Has, been
现在完成进行时(Present perfect continuous tense):（朗读以下两个句子，说说现在完成时的两种用法）

现在完成进行时表示某一动作在过去开始发生，已经持续到现在，并且还将持续；或刚刚停止，但与现在有关。
1. I have been learning English for three years.
2. He is very tired, because he has been cleaning the room. Go over the news story on Page 2 and find the sentences using the present perfect continuous tense. Please explain why the tense is used in these sentences.
1I haven’t been sleeping well since I returned home.
2 So we’ve been looking at other possibilities too, such as murder.1 Go over Points 1 and 2 on page 9.
2 现在完成时的构成：
have/ has been + doing
Finish the exercise on Page 9:Answers:
(2) have been talking (3) have been taking (4) have been watching
(5) have seen (6) have been writing
现在完成时和现在完成进行时的区别：比较以下句子：
一 现在完成时表示事件或动作刚结束，而现在完成进行时则强调动作仍在继续。
1 I have read the latest book by Mr Brown.
2 I have been reading the latest book by Mr Brown.
二 现在完成时可以用表示状态的动词或表示动作的动词做谓语，而现在完成进行时则只能用表示动作的动词做谓语。
3 I have had his book for two months.
4 I have been reading this book for two weeks.
动作动词与状态动词An action means something happening or changing. A state means something staying the same. Some examples of action verbs are do, go, and play. Some examples of state verbs are like, know and exist.
完成下列句子：状态动词只用于完成时态；而动作动词可用于完成时态与完成进行时态。
1 I _______ (have ) this camera for five years.
2 I ___________ ( take ) photos of UFOs with this camera.have had have takenhave been taking twice等表示次数的词只与完成时连用；而 for 则可以与完成进行时连用。
1 I_________ (visit) Egypt twice this month.
2 I__________ (tour) Egypt for two months.
have visitedhave been touringHow many times / How longHow many times只与完成时连用；而 How long则可以与完成进行时连用。
1 ______________ have you swum in the lake?
2 _____________ have you been swimming in the lake?
How many timesHow long 完成下列句子： always, never, yet, already and ever 不能用于完成进行时态中。
1 I _____________ (never visit ) Paris.
2 I _____________ (already be) to
Paris.
have never visitedhave already been 完成下列句子：An action which began in the past and is still continuing or has only just finished can, with certain verbs, be expressed by either the present perfect or present perfect continuous. Verbs which can be used in this way include expect, hope, learn, lie, live, sleep, sit, study, wait, want, rain, etc.
1 How long _____ you ________ (learn )English?
2 It _____________ (snow) for a long time.havelearntbeen learninghas snowedhas been snowing再比较下面的句子：
I have been learning English for three years.
I learned English for three years.
I have learned English for three years.
I have written the novel.
I have been writing the novel.
Part A on Page 11:Answers on page 11
A (1)heard (2) been doing (3) been researching (4) been doing (5) started (6) done (7) read (8) found (9) started (10) been doing (11) been making
Part B on Page 11:Sample answers
1 He has been waiting at an underground station.
2 They have been traveling in an UFO. It looks like a saucer.
3 They probably have talked to animals or plants on the earth as well as creatures on other plants.
4 They have visited Mars, Venus, Jupiter and some other planets.
?
1. ______ that dress when I first saw you at the
station?
A. Were you wearing B. Have you worn
C. Did you wear D. do you wear
2. ―Kate doesn’t look very well. What’s wrong
with her?
―She has a headache because she ______ too
long; she ought to stop work.
A. has been reading B. had read
C. is reading D. was reading
3. “Tell the students to stop shouting. We ______
our essays .”
A. write B. have been writing
C. are writing D. have written4. My uncle, Sam,______ manager of the firm.
A. has just made B. is just being made
C. has just been made D. is just made
5. This is the first time the students ______ to
Hyde Park.
A. have gone B. have been gone
C. have been going D. are being gone
6. She ______ her mother’s work since she was
admitted into hospital.
A. is doing B. has been doing
C. has done D. has been done
7. Now that you ______ , what are you going to do?
A. are being returned B. have been returning
C. have been returned D. have returned8. I ______ the incident as if it were yesterday.
A. am still to remember
B. have still been remembering
C. am being still remembered
D. still remember
9. －Where_____ the map? I can’t see anywhere.
－I ______ it right here just now.
A. did you put; have put B. have you put; put
C. had you put; was putting
D. were you putting; have put
10. John told Mary that he ______ what he was doing during the vacation.
A. was just asked B. was just asking
C. had just been asked D. had just asked11. I started my teaching career at the school. That was more than twenty years ago, and I ______ there ever since.
A. was B. had been C. will be D. have been
12. We ______ fine weather for the past few days.
A. have B. are having
C. have been had D. have been having
13. It ______ every day so far this month.
A. is raining B. rains
C. has rained D. has been rained
14. By the end of last year they ______ 1,000 machines.
A. turned out B. had turned out
C. would turn out D. had been turned out15. ―Don’t put the waste on the ground.
―Oh, I’m very sorry. I ______ the dustbin there.
A. don’t see B. isn’t seeing
C. didn’t see D. haven’t seen
16. Good heavens! There you are! We _________ anxious about you. We _____ you back much earlier all through the night.
A. are; expect B. were; had expected
C. will be; are expecting
D. have been; were expecting17. Although medical science ____ control over several dangerous diseases, what worries us is that some of them are returning. (2006 江苏）
A. achieved B. has achieved
C. will achieve D. had achieved
18. Police are now searching for a woman who is reported to _______ since the flood hit the area last Friday.
A. have been missing B have got lost
C. be missing D. get lost
19. Customers are asked to make sure that they _____ the right change before leaving the shop.(2006 重庆）
A. will have B. have been given
C. have given D. will be given20 A: ______ leave at the end of this
month.
B: I don’t think you should do that until
______ another job.
A. I’m going to; you’d found
B. I’m going to; you’ve found
C. I’ll; you’ll found
D. I’ll; you’d found Homework
Part C1 and C2 on page 88 in Workbook
Prepare Task