宾语从句专题归纳与练习[下学期]

中考英语语法专题归纳与练习（15）宾语从句
第一部分：要点归纳
从历年的中考英语试卷来看，宾语从句是必考内容之一。主要考查学生对宾语从句的语序、主句动词与从句动词的时态（包括语态）呼应以及引导词的掌握，特别是在实际的语言环境中如何把握宾语从句的运用。
一、定义：一个词、词组或短语放在动词或介词的后面叫做宾语；如果是一个句子放在动词（动词短语）、非谓语动词、介词或少数形容词（如：certain，sure，pleased，glad，happy等）后面就称作宾语从句。
如：1. I believe that he will come soon.
2. She always thinks of how she can study English well.
3. They were praised for what they had done.
4. He wants to know if Mary still lives in Shenzhen.
5. I am glad that you have come.
二、 直接引语与间接引语中的宾语从句
1．直接引语为陈述句，变为间接引语时，由连词that 引导，由于它在从句中不作任何成分，口语中往往可以省去。
如：The student said，“I have finished my homework.”
----The student said that he had finished his homework.
2．直接引语为一般、选择或反意疑问句时，变为间接引语时，必须由连词if 或whether 引导，意为“是否”。（千万不能省略）
如：He said to me，“Are you a teacher？”----He asked me if / whether I was a teacher。特别提醒：如果宾语从句是由if / whether 引导的问句，主句动词要用ask。
3．直接引语为特殊疑问句时，必须由特殊疑问词who，whom，whose，how， when，what time，what ，which，where，why引导。
如：She asked me，“Who are you？”---She asked me who I was.
4．直接引语为祈使句时，须把动词原形改为动词不定式，并在其前用tell， ask，order等及物动词加宾语，即：tell / ask / order sb to/not to do sth；也可以变为宾语从句。
如：The teacher said，“Be quiet， boys and girls ！”
---- The teacher told the children to be quiet.
---- The teacher told the children (that) they should be quiet.
My father said to me, “Don’t go out tonight.”
----My father asked me not to go out that night.
----My father told me (that) I shouldn’t go out that night.
三、 注意事项
1.宾语从句必须是陈述句的语序，（千万不能是倒装或问句的语序）。即：（主句）+引导词+主语+谓语+其他。如：Can you tell me who（m）do we have to see （╳）Can you tell me who（m） we have to see （ √）
2.宾语从句中不能再有助动词do，does，did 存在，必须去掉。
如：He said to me，“Do you speak English？”
------He asked me if / whether I spoke English.
3.宾语从句与主句在时态上的呼应：如果主句动词是一般现在时（或将来时），从句可以是任何所需要的时态；如果主句动词是一般过去时，则从句要用相应的过去时。即：一般过去时、过去进行时、过去完成时、过去将来时。其变化如下：
直接引语 间接引语
一般现在时---------------------------------一般过去时
现在进行时---------------------------------过去进行时
一般将来时---------------------------------过去将来时
现在完成时---------------------------------过去完成时
一般过去时---------------------------------过去完成时
过去进行时-------------------------------- 过去进行时
过去完成时-- ------------------------------过去完成时
如：（1）He says that he is a new student here.
that he washed his clothes last night.
that his father has gone to Beijing.
that he is going / will go to London for his holiday.
that they are watching TV in the room.
that he was talking to Mr. Smith at that time.
（2）He said that he was a new student here.
that he washed his clothes last night.
that his father had gone to Beijing.
that he was going / would go to London for his holiday.
that they were watching TV in the room.
that he was talking to Mr. Smith at that time
4.主句的谓语动词是一般过去时，从句有明确的表示过去的时间状语，从句应用一般过去时。
如：He said to me，“I came here in the year 2006.”
----He told me(that) he came here / went there in the year 2006.
5. 直接引语变为间接引语时,如果时间、地点都发生了变化，其指示代词、时间状语、地点状语以及个别动词应作相应的变化。即：this—that， these---those，now---then，today—that day，tonight---that night, yesterday---the day before，last year---the year before，this week/month--- that week/month， ago--- before， here—there, come---go等。
6.直接引语如果是客观永恒的真理、一直存在的客观事实、格言、自然现象或公式定理等，变为间接引语时，时态不变。
如：1) He told his son that the earth moves around the sun。
2) Mr. Smith told his wife that China is a great country with a long history.
7.whether和if 均可以用来引导宾语从句，意思也相同，一般情况下可以互换。但在下列几种情况下须用 whether，不能用 if。
（1）宾语从句与 or not 连用时。如: We really don’t know whether the news is true or not =We really don’t know whether or not the news is true.
(2.) 宾语从句在动词 discuss 后。如：We discussed whether we should open another shop .
（3）.当介词后面跟宾语从句时。如： I worry about whether I hurt her feelings. / It depends on（依靠） whether it is going to rain.
（4）.放在动词不等式前组成动词不等式短语时。如:She doesn’t know whether to go or not. / Whether to buy it or not hasn't been decided.
（5）.引导主语从句、表语从句、同位语从句时。如：Whether it is true (or not) remains a question.
8 .在复合句中，句尾的标点符号由主句决定。主句是陈述句、祈使句，则用句号；主句是疑问句, 则用问号。如： I wonder if she had been to the Great Wall. / Can you tell me which bus I should take
9.由特殊疑问词引导的宾语从句可以和“特殊疑问词+不定式”结构转化，但必须是主句与从句的主语一致或主句的宾语是从句的主语。
如：I don't know how I should do with the presents. ==>
I don’t know how to do with the presents.
10.要注意区分判断由if、when引导的从句类型。 if 引导条件状语从句时, 思是 “假如、如果 ”。when引导时间状语从句时，意为“当…时候”。区别：（1）I will go out tomorrow if it is fine. // I don't know if the train has arrived. （2）Who knows when the train arrives？// I’ll tell you the news when he comes.
第二部分：专项练习
I. 选择填空。
1. Do you know _____ this time yesterday
　 A. who are they waiting B. who they are waiting for
　 C. who were they waiting D. who they were waiting for
2. Could you tell us ____
A. if your father does B. what does your father do
C. your father does what D. what your father does
3. Can you tell me what ______ next Sunday
　A. will they do B. they would do C. would they do D. they will do
4. She asked me if I knew ______.
　A. whose pen was it B. whose pen it was　
C. whose pen it is D. whose pen is it
5. Excuse me, could you tell me ______
　A. when can I get to the station B. I can get to which station
　C. which station I can get to D. how I can get to the station
6. Can you tell me where ______ .
　A. is the post office B. the post office is
C. does the post office D. the post office does
7. Do you know who ______ with at eight yesterday
　A. he is talking B. was he talking C. he was talking D. is he talking
8. They wondered if the teacher ______ us English the next term.
　 A. would teach B. had taught C. will teach D. taught
9. He told me that the sun ______ in the east.
A. rises B. raises C. rose D. raised
10. The boy asked ______ any noise from outside.
　 A. whether had I heard B. whether I had heard
　 C . whether have I heard D. whether I have heard
11. This map will show you _______ .
　 A. where is the Summer Palace B. where the Summer Palace is
　 C. where is the Summer Palace like D. how the Summer Palace is like
12. My brother ________ to the ground while ________ his bicycle and hurt his leg.
A. falls; is he riding B. fell; he was riding
C. falls; he is riding D. felt; was he riding
13. I don't know _____ he will be back home.
A. who 　B. what 　 C. when 　 D. where
14. Could you tell me ___________
A. where do you live 　 B. who you are waiting for
C. who were you waiting for D. where you live in
15. Do you still remember _______
A. that he said 　 B. what he said 　C. did he say that 　D. what did he say
16. I can't understand ______the boy alone.
A. why she left 　 B. why did she leave 　C. why she had left　 D. why had she left
17. She told me the sun ______ in the east.
A. rise 　 B. rose 　C. rises 　 D. had risen
18. They tried to find out ______ the new train ________.
A. how far/ had gone 　B. how long/ has gone C. how far/ went 　D. how far had/ run
19. The manager came up to see __________.
A. what was the matter 　B. what the matter was C. what the matter is D. what's the matter
20. Can you tell me ___________
A. where are you doing B. where do you study
C. where you were doing D. where you study
21. I really don’t know _______ the window yesterday..
A. who broke B. who had broken C. why broke D. whether breaks
22. He asked his father _______.
A. where it happens B. where did it happen C. how it happened D. how did it happen
23. No one tells us______, so we need your help.
A. how we should do B. what should we do C. how to do it D. what to do it
24. _______ he'll come or not isn't important.
A. Why B. If C. Whether D. What
25. Would you like to know _______they will do it or not.
A. if B. that C. whether D. why
26. ---Where do you think _____ he ____ the TV set ----Sorry, I've no idea.
A./, bought B. has, bought C. did, buy D. did bought
27. Our hometown has changed a lot. Who can tell _____ it would be like in _____ five years.
A. how, another B. what, more C. how , other D. what, another
28. ----Could you tell me ______ ---- Yes. He ____ to the USA.
A. where is he/ has been B. where he is/ has gone
C. where was he/ has been D. where he was/ has gone
29. ----Mike wants to know if ____ a picnic tomorrow.
----Yes. But if it _______, we'll visit the museum instead.
A. you have/ will rain B. you will have/ will rain
C. you will have/ rains D. will you have/ rains
30. I don't know if he ______tomorrow. If he ________, I'll meet him.
A. will come/ comes B. comes/ comes C. will come/ will come D. comes/ will come
31. I really don't know if she _______ it when she ________.
A. finds/ arrives B. finds/ will arrive C. will find/ will arrive D. will find/ arrives
32 Catherine said that she ___ to Guangzhou.
A. has never gone B. had never gone C. has never been D. had never been
33 .The students want to know whether they___ dictation today.
A. had B. has . C. will have D. are
34. She asked Linda if___ go and get some.
A. could she B. she could C. she can D. she may
35. Linda said the moon___ round the earth.
A. traveled B. has traveled C. travels D. had travelled
36. I don't know ___ they have passed the exam.
A. what B. if C. when D. where
37. I hardly understand.___ he has told me.
A. that B. what C. which D. who
38. She didn't know___ back soon.
A. whether he would be B. if would he be C. he will be
39.I don't know _____ he still lives here after so many years.
A. whether B where C. what D. when
40. Do you know _____ they listened to yesterday evening
A. what B when C why D how
41. She asked me if I knew ______.
A. whose pen is it B. whose pen it was C. whose pen it is D. whose pen was it
42. You must remember ________.
A. what your mother said B. what did your mother say
C. your mother said what D. what has your mother said
43. Could you tell me ___
A. when will they leave Beijing B. when would they leave Beijing
C. when they will leave Beijing D. when did they leave Beijing
44.I don't know _________ he will come tomorrow．_________ he comes，I'll tell you．
A．if；Whether B．whether；Whether C．if；That D．if；If
II. 句型转换
1. When does the train arrive Please tell me.（改为宾语从句） →
Please tell me ________ _________ ________ _________.
2. What does he do Do you know （改为宾语从句）→
Do you know _______ he _______
3. Do they want fried chicken He asked the boys. （改为宾语从句） →
He asked the boys _______ they ______ fried chicken.
4. Was the watch made in Shanghai I don't know. （改为宾语从句）→
I don't know _______ the watch _______ made in Shanghai.
5. “Do you want to try something new ” Tom's mother asked him. （同义句）→
Tom's mother asked him _______ _______ _______ to try something new.
6. I think this is a good idea.（改为否定句） →
I _______ ________ this ________ a good idea.
7. Lucy hasn't decided which trousers to buy.（改为主从复合句） →
Lucy hasn't decided ________ _________ ________ _______ buy.
8. I don't know how I can get to the hospital.（改为简单句） →
I don't know ________ ________ ________ to the hospital.
9．Does Mr．Brown enjoy living in China？Could you tell us？（改为主从复合句）
→Could you tell us _________ Mr．Brown _________ living in China？
10．“Does the girl need any help？”he asked me．（变为主从复合句）
→He asked me _________ the girl _________ some help．
11．Jim is not a student．Tom is not a student，either．（合并为一个句子）
_________ Jim _________ Tom is a student．
12．When does the train leave？I want to know．（改为主从复合句）
I want to know _________ the train _________ ．
13．They went home after they had finished their homework．（用not．．．until改写）
They _________ go home _________ they had finished their homework．
14．Did Peter come here yesterday？Li Lei wants to know．（改为主从复合句）
Li Lei wants to know _________ Peter _________ here yesterday．
Key:
I. 1.----10 DDDBDB CAAB 11—20 BBCBBCCABD
21----30 ACCCCADBCA 31---40 DDCBCBBAAA
41----44 BACD
II. 1.when the train arrives 2. what does 3. if/whether wanted 4. if/ whether is
5. if/whether he wanted 6. don’t think is 7. which trousers she will
8. how to get 9. if / whether likes 10. if needed 11. Neither nor
12. when leaves 13. didn’t until 14. if / whether came
PAGE
7