临沭一中高三第二次月考[上学期]
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临沭一中高三第二次月考
英 语 试 题
2006. 12. 9
本试卷分第Ⅰ卷（选择题）和第Ⅱ卷（非选择题）两部分。第Ⅰ卷1至8页。第Ⅱ卷9至10页。共150分。考试时间120分钟。
第Ⅰ卷 （三部分，共105分）
第一部分听力（共两节，满分30分）
第一节（共5小题；每小题1．5分，满分7．5分）
听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听完每段对话后，你将有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。
1．Where will the woman probably go first?
A．To a shop ． B．To a restaurant． C．To a post office．
2．What are the speakers talking about?
A. The necessity to write to Mr. Johnson
B. The person who will meet Mr. Johnson.
C. The arrangement of the Wednesday meeting.
3．What are the two speakers doing?
A. Playing a ball game B. Cheering for Oxford C. Watching a football match
4．What did the man do last night?
He went to a school B. He talked with his friends C. He saw a film on TV
5．What does the man think of the woman?
A. She can make money B. She doesn’t like money C. She is careless with money
第二节（共15小题；每小题1．5分，满分22．5分）
听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时问。每段对话或独白读两遍。
听第6段材料，回答第6至7题。
6．What does the woman think of the weather will be like in the afternoon?
A. Foggy B. Clear C. Windy
7．How will the man get the weather information?
A. He will make a telephone call B. He’ll ask the weatherman
C. He will listen to the radio
听第7段材料，回答第8至10题。
8．Where does this conversation take place?
A. At the airport B. On the road C. In a hotel
9．When will the woman have to check out tomorrow?
A. At 12 B. At 2 pm C. At 2:30 pm
10. What does the man suggest the woman do?
A. Leave some time earlier B. Keep her room clean C. Leave at 5:30
第8段材料，同答第l1至l3题。
11．What has made working at home possible?
A．Personal computers. B. Communications industry.
C. Living far from companies
12．Why do some people prefer working at home?
A. To save time B. To get more jobs C. To make more money
13. What might happen in the future?
A. British Firms could move to Belfast
B. People could call for the labour in Spain.
C. People might work at home for foreign companies.
听第9段材料，回答第1 4至1 7题。
14．Who is Frank Stone?
A．A patient of Dr Milton’s B. A friend of the woman’s
C. A visitor to the clinic
15．Why won’t Mr. Stone come to the clinic tomorrow?
A. He can’t spare the time B. The clinic will be closed
C. Dr. Milton won’t come to work.
16．When is the clinic open?
A. From Monday to Friday B. On weekdays except Thursday.
C. Throughout the whole week
17. What time has finally been fixed for Mr. Stone to come?
A. 5:30 pm, Wednesday B. 6:15pm Wednesday C. 6:15pm Thursday
听第10段材料，回答第18至20题。
18．Why does a bus move slowly in London?
A．There’s always speed limit． B. There’s usually a lot of traffic
C. There’s many bike on the road.
19．What is one of the disadvantages in taking the underground in London?
A. The stations are farther B. It costs more money C. It wastes more time
20．What is the speaker’s purpose in going to work by bike?
A. To save time and money B. To keep in good health.
To keep himself safe.
第二部分英语知识运用（共两节，满分35分）
第一节语法和词汇（共15小题；每小题1分，满分l5分）
从A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
21. — Have you heard of the North Korea’s nuclear test?
— Yes,________ news came as ________ shock to me.
A. the; a B. the; the C. a; a D. a; the
22. — Sorry ,but the CDs Secret Garden have been sold out.
— How I wish I had bought ________ earlier!
A. this B. that C. one D. it
23. There is something wrong with Jack’s MP3.He is going to get it ________.
A. fix B. fixing C. to fix D. fixed
24. — I’ve studied gardening as a hobby. Could I make some suggestions?
— ________
A. You will make it B. Go right ahead
C. Don’t mention it D. Take it easy
25. You’ve gone through all your money? I ________ you were well-off.
A. think B. thought C. have thought D. am thinking
26. — William, you ________ the car.
— Sorry .I didn’t see the red light.
A. should have stopped B. couldn’t have stopped
C. must have stooped D. needn’t have stopped
27. — Each of the students working hard at their lessons ________ the book.
— So have I.
A. is reading B. has read C. read D. reads
28. Early in the 1990s no one had any idea that J.K Rowling had come up with the story of Harry Potter, ________ later became a best seller.
A. what B. who C. whom D. which
29. For holidays , many people visit those islands ________ the coast of Australia.
A. in B. on C. off D. of
30. — How do you like the roast chicken?
— It ________ good.
A. turns B. tastes C. feels D. keeps
31. I was now attracted by books. By the end of that summer , I ________ over twenty novels.
A. will have read B. have read C. had read D. has read
32. How long do you think ________ the computer company brings out a new product?
A. it will be before B. will it be until C. will it be when D. it will be that
33. When moving to a new city, one often find it not easy what to take and what to ________.
A. leave behind B. pass away C. bring in D. get across
34. Hit by a hammer ,my foot became ________.
A. 3 time bigger than B. as big as 3 times
C. the normal size 3 times D. 3 times the normal size
35. ________ exercise early in the morning has become part of his retired life.
A. Take B. Takes C. Taking D. Taken
第二节完形填空（共20小题；每小题1分，满分20分）
阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后从36—55各题所给的四个选项（A、B、C、D）中选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
Curt and I have the kind of friendship that I wish everyone would be able to experience．
Our friendship 36 many years ago．We met while 37 different high schools．As years passed，we became good friends．Curt was the best man（伴郎）in my wedding，and l was 38 a few years later when he married my sister’s roommate．And yet the event that most showed our partnership and 39 our friendship happened over 25 years ago，when we were in our 20s．
Curt and I were attending a pool party at the local Swim and Racquet Club．We were walking to the car, joking about the party, and Curt 40 me and said，“Steve，you’ve had too much 41 Maybe I should drive．”At first I thought he was 42 ．but since Curt is definitely the wiser of us，I 43 his judgment．
“Good idea，” I said，and handed him the 44 ．
After l was settled in the passenger seat and Curt sat behind the wheel，he said，“I’m going to need your 45 because I’m not sure how to get to your house from here．”
“No problem，”I 46 ．
Curt started the car and we were 47 ．The next 10 miles seemed like a hundred as I prompted（提示）Curt with 48 —left now, right soon，slow down，speed up and so on．The important thing was that we got home 49 that night．
Ten years later at my wedding，Curt brought 50 to the eyes of 400 guests as he told the story of our partnership and 51 we drove home together that night．Why it was such a（n） 52 story? We would all，I hope，offer our keys 53 we knew we shouldn’t drive．But you see，my friend Curt was blind．He had been blind from 54 and never sat behind the wheel of a car 55 that night．
36．A．continued B．began C．encouraged D．interrupted
37．A．attending B．taking C．1eaving D．finishing
38．A．alone B．theirs C．there D．his
39．A．formed B．began C．deepened D．valued
40．A．pointed to B．turned to C．went to D．looked up
41．A．water B．medicine C．smoke D．wine
42．A．lying B．insisting C．joking D．deciding
43．A．respected B．doubted C．understood D．used
44．A．wheels B．keys C．seat D．car
45．A．advice B．reason C．help D．statement
46．A．agreed B．responded C．promised D．decided
47．A．off B．over C．out D．down
48．A．safety B．speed C．qualities D．directions
49．A．late B．safe C．early D．drunken
50．A．attention B．excitement C．tears D．surprise
51．A．how B．why C．when D．whom
52．A．interesting B．surprising C．touching D．amazing
53．A．when B．until C．because D．since
54．A．now B．nature C．end D．birth
55．A．during B．over C．after D．before
第三部分 阅读理解（共20小题；每小题2分，满分40分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
A
A quality education is the basic liberator．it can free people from poverty, giving them the power to greatly improve their lives and take a productive place in society．It can also free communities and countries，allowing them to jump forward into periods of wealth and social unity that otherwise would not be possible．
For this reason，the international community has devoted itself to getting all the world’s children into primary school by 2015，a task known as Education for All．
Can education for aIl be achieved by 2015? The answer is undoubtedly “yes，”although it is a difficult task．If we now measure the goal in terms of children successfully completing at least five years of primary school，instead of just enrolling（注册）for classes，which used to be the measuring stick for education，then the task becomes even more difficult．Only 32 countries were formerly believed to be at risk of not achieving education for all on the basis of enrollment．The number rises to 88 if completion of primary school is used as the standard．
Still，the goal is achievable with the right policies and the right support from the international community．59 of the 88 countries at risk can reach universal primary completion by 2015 if they bring the effectiveness and quality of their education systems into line with standards observed in higher-performing systems．They also need great increases in outside support．The 29 countries falling farthest behind will not reach the goal without extra fast speed of progress．But this is achievable with creative solution，including use fo information technologies，enough foreign aid， and fewer people living in poverty．
A key lesson of experience about what makes development effective is that a country’s ability to use aid well depends heavily on its policies，institutions and management．Where a country scores well on these，foreign assistance can be highly effective．
56．In the first paragraph，the author suggests that a quality education can_________．
A．free countries from foreign rules
B．give people freedom
C．speed up social progress
D．liberate people from any pressure
57．Ideally, the goal of the program of Education for All is to ____________by 2015．
A．enroll all the world’s children into primary school
B．get all the world’s children to complete primary school
C．give quality education to people of 88 countries
D．support those devoted to changing their education systems
58．________ countries are now at risk of not achieving education for alI on the basis of completing 5 years of primary school．
A．88 B．32 C．29 D．59
59．According to the passage，which of the following is NOT mentioned as the right policy?
A．Raising the effectiveness of education systems．
B．Improving the quality of education．
C．Using information technologies．
D．Building more primary schools．
60．As can be gathered from the last paragraph，foreign aid______．
A．is provided only when some standards are met
B．may not be highly effective
C．alone makes development possible
D．is most effective for those countries falling farthest behind
B
Is there enough oil beneath the Arctic National Wildlife Refuge (保护区) (ANWR) to help secure America’s energy future? President Bush certainly thinks so. He has argued that tapping ANWR’s oil would help ease California’s electricity crisis and provide a major boost to the country’s energy independence. But no one knows for sure how much crude oil lies buried beneath the frozen earth, with the last government survey, conducted in1998, projecting output anywhere from 3 billion to 16 billion barrels. The oil industry goes with the high end of the range, which could equal as much as 10% of U.S. consumption for as long as six years. By pumping more than 1 million barrels a day from the reserve for the next two to three decades, lobbyists claim, the nation could cut back on imports equivalent to all shipments to the U.S. from Saudi Arabia. Sounds good. An oil boom would also mean a multibillion-dollar windfall (意外之财) in tax revenues, royalties (开采权使用费) and leasing fees for Alaska and the Federal Government. Best of all, advocates of drilling say, damage to the environment Would be insignificant. “We’ve never had a documented case of an oil rig chasing deer out onto the pack ice,” say Alaska State Representative Scott Ogan. Not so fast, say environmentalists. Sticking to the low end of government estimates the National Resources Defends Council says there may be no more than 3.2 billion barrels of economically recoverable oil in the coastal plain of ANWR, a drop in the bucket that would do virtually nothing to ease America’s energy problems. And consumers would wait up to a decade to gain any benefits, because drilling could begin only after mush bargaining over leases, environmental permits and regulatory review. As for ANWR’s impact on the California power crisis, environmentalists point out that oil is responsible for only 1% of the Golden State’s electricity output ---and just 3% of the nation’s. 61. What does President Bush think of tapping oil in ANWR? A. It will increase America’s energy consumption. B. It will exhaust the nation’s oil reserves. C. It will help reduce the nation’s oil imports. D. It will help secure the future of ANWR. 62. We learn from the second paragraph that the American oil industry _________. A. shows little interest tapping oil in ANWR B. expect to stop oil imports from Saudi Arabia C. tend to exaggerate America’s reliance on foreign oil D. believes that drilling for ANWR will produce high yields 63. Those against oil drilling ANWR argue that ________. A. it will drain the oil reserves in the Alaskan region B. it can do little to solve U.S. energy problem C. it can cause serious damage to the environment D. it will not have much commercial value 64. What do the environmentalists mean by saying “Not so fast” (Line1, Psra.3)? A. Don’t be too optimistic. B. Don’t expect fast returns. C. The oil drilling should be delayed. D. Oil exploitation takes a long time. 65. It can be learned from the passage that oil exploitation beneath ANWR’s frozen earth ________. A. involves a lot of technological problems B. remains a controversial issue C. is expected to get under way soon D. will enable the U.S. to be oil independent
C
Every summer thousands of Americans stay at home instead of going on holiday because they’re overweight．They don’t want people to see them sunbathing and they don’t want to have to squeeze into plane seats．But now, thanks to the growing number of weight-friendly holiday packages，the overweight are having their days in the sun．
“Overweight people will have a great time on our holidays as we don’t judge them like other people do，”said Liz Nickels，owner of Big Adventures，a US-based company that hosts scuba-diving—a sport of swimming underwater while breathing through a tube connected to a tank on your back for larger people．As a way to keep up with the demand for extra-large accommodation，many hotels in the US have started to offer features such as wide beds and handheld showers．But the best in plus-size vacationing lies at Mexico’s Freedom Paradise，a 112-room resort（度假胜地）opening this month，which urges guests to “Live Large，Live Free”．
The hotel has broad doorways，reinforced（加同）furniture and extra large chairs．It also boasts（自夸）a private beach to protect people from the stares that can occur on public beaches．“It’s not a hotel just for large people．It’s a size-friendly place where anyone can enjoy a holiday,” said owner Jurrian Kilnk。“What we noticed was that a lot of oversized people don’t feel comfortable at resorts．”Staff members of all sizes are hired by the hotel to make overweight people feel OK．
Though many welcome the new service，some feel differently．“I have a real problem with this，”said Nancy Lenhart，owner of Camp La Jolla，a Californian weight-loss and fitness camp．“If you talk about oversized beds and doorways you are throwing their weight in their faces．Overweight people want to be normalized．They shouldn’t be discriminated against like this．”
66．Large people don’t want to go on holiday because___________．
A．they don’t like sun-bathing B．they don’t want to be looked at
C．the planes are too crowded D．hotels are not open to them
67．In the first paragraph，weight-friendly holiday packages means________．
A．there are some free packages for the overweight
B．people are friendly to the overweight
C．special holiday tour for the overweight
D．the overweight can lose weight
68．Scuba-diving is a sport of swimming___________．
A．for larger people B．only for larger people
C．jumping from the platform D．underwater
69．Mexico’s Freedom Paradise is a hotel__________．
A．for people of all sizes B．only intended for larger people
C．where everything is oversized D．where larger people can live for free
70．The underlined part “you are throwing their weight in their faces” means__________．
A．you are beating them in the face B．it’s easy to know they’re overweight
C．their faces seem bigger than others D．you can make them lose weight
D
High school dropouts（辍学者）earn an average of $ 9,000 less per year than graduates. Now a new study dispels a common belief why they quit. It’s much more basic than flunking out（不及格）.
Society tends to think of high school dropouts as kids who just can’t cut it. They are lazy，and perhaps not too bright．So researchers were surprised when they asked more than 450 kids who quit school about why they left.
“The vast majority actually had passing grades and they were confident that they could have graduated from high school.” John Bridgeland, the executive researcher said. About 1 million teens leave school each year. Only about half of African-American and Hispanic（美籍西班牙的）student will receive a diploma（证书），and actually all dropouts come to regret their decision. So， if failing grades don’t explain why these kids quit, what does? Again，John Bridgeland："The most dependable finding was that they were bored.” “They found classes uninteresting; they weren’t inspired or motivated. They didn’t see any direct connection between what they were learning in the classroom to their own lives, or to their career aspirations.”
The study found that most teens who do drop out wait until they turn sixteen, which happens to be the age at which most states allow students to quit. In the US，only one state，New Mexico，has a law requiring teenagers to stay in high school until they graduate. Only four states: California, Tennessee, Texas and Utah, plus the District of Columbia, require school attendance until age 18, no exceptions, another researcher，says raising the compulsory（义务的）attendance age may be one way to keep more kids in school．
“As these dropouts look back，they realize they’ve made a mistake. And anything that sort of gives these people an extra push to stick it out and it through to the end, is probably helpful measure.”
New Hampshire may be the next state to raise its school attendance age to 18. But critics say that forcing the students unwilling to continue their studies to stay in school misses the point－the need for reform. It's been called for to reinvent high school education to make it more challenging and relevant, and to ensure that kids who do stick it out receive a diploma that actually means something.
71. Most high school students drop out of' school because＿＿．
A. they have failing grades B. they take no interest in classes
C. they are discriminated against D. they are lazy and not intelligent
72. Acceding to the passage，which state has a law requiring school attendance until they graduate? A. New Hampshire B. Utah
C. New Mexico D. The District of Columbia
73. The underlined words “stick it out” probably means“＿＿”．
A. complete schooling B. solve the problem
C. love having classes D. believe in themselves
74. In the last paragraph, the writer is trying to＿＿
A. analyze the reason why students quit school
B. suggest raising the compulsory attendance age
C. raise awareness of reforming high school education
D. wish to make laws to guarantee no education
75. From the passage，we can infer the following EXCEPT that＿．
A. the grades of most dropouts at school were acceptable
B. about 500, 000 high school dropouts are black and Spanish
C. classes don't appeal to dropouts
D. on average dropouts cannot get good jobs
第Ⅱ卷 （共45分）
注意事项：
1．刚钢笔或圆珠笔直接答在试卷上。
2．答卷前将密封线内的项目填写清楚。
第四部分书面表达（共两节，满分45分）
第一节阅读表达（共5小题：每题3分，满分15分）
阅读下面的短文，根据要求完成76—80小题。
America is a country on the move．In unheard-of numbers, people of all ages are exercising their way to better health．According to the latest figures，59 percent of American adults exercise regularly—up 12 percent from just two years ago and more than double the figure of 25 years ago．Even non-exercisers believe they would be more attractive and confident if they were more active．
It is hard not to get the message．The virtues of physical fitness are shown on magazine covers，postage stamps，and television ads for everything from beauty soaps to travel books．Exercise as a part of daily life did not catch on until the late 1960s when research by military doctors began to show the health benefits of doing regular physical exercises．Growing publicity for races held in American cities helped fuel a strong interest in the ancient sport of running Although Americans have also discovered other forms of exercise（such as walking and swimming），running_____________________________________________________________．
As the popularity of exercise continues to increase．so does scientific evidence of its health benefits．The key to fitness is exercising the major muscle group vigorously enough to approximately double the heart rate and keep it doubled for 20 to 30 minutes at a time．Doing such
physical exercises three times or more a week will produce considerable improvements in physical
health in about three months．
76．What is the best title for the passage?（Please answer within 10 words．）
______________________________________________________ __________
77．Which sentence in the passage can be replaced by the following one?
There are a lot of people of all ages who seek for better health through exercise．
________________________________________________________ ________
78．Please fill in the blank in the second paragraph with proper words or phrases to complete the sentence．（Please answer within 10 words．）
___________________________________________________________ _____
79．What is the author’s purpose in writing the last paragraph?（Please answer within 30 words．）
__________________________________________ ______________________
80．Translate the underlined sentence in the last paragraph into Chinese．
_______________________________________________________ _________
第二节 写作（满分30分）
2005年11月1日，中国人口突破13亿，世界人口达到64亿多，预计到2013年将突破70亿，2054年将突破90亿。正如下图所示，再这样下去，地球将不堪重负，最终归于毁灭。假设你是李平，请结合提示和图示写一篇短文给某英文报纸，并发表你的看法，以唤起人们对人口问题的重视。
注意：1．词数：100—120左右。
2．开头和结尾已写出，不计入总词数。
Dear editor，
I hope the following article will draw people’s attention to the problem of the world’s population．______________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yours truly，
Li Ping
临沭一中高三第二次月考英 语 试 题 答 案
2006．12
1—5 CACBC 6—l0 BACBA 11—15 BACAC l6—20 ACBBA
2l—25ACDBB 26—30 ABDCB 3l一35 CAADC
36—40 BADCB 41—45 DCABC 46—50 BADBC 5l—55 ACADD
56—60 CBADB 61—65 CDBAB 66—70 BCDAB 71—75 BCACB
76．Exercise, the Road to Health / The Importance of Exercise
77．In unheard-of numbers，people of all ages are exercising their way to better health．
78．remains the most popular form of exercise / is still popular
79．The author’s purpose is chiefly to show us about the increase of scientific evidence of
advantages of exercising．
80．随着锻炼愈来愈受欢迎，显示锻炼对健康有益的科学证据也愈来愈多。
第二节：写作（满分30分）
One possible version：
Dear editor，
I hope the following article will draw people’s attention to the problem of the world’s population．On November 1 st，2005，the population of China was 1.3 billion，while at the same time the world’s population reached 6.4 billion or more．It is predicted that in 2013 it will reach 7 billion and 9 billion in 2054．It puts great pressure on the earth’s environment and employment．The space of the earth is limited．As is shown in the picture，with constant increase of population，the earth can no longer bear the pressure and will be destroyed sooner or later．All the people on the earth will disappear in the universe．
In my opinion，the government all over the world should control the growth of the population as China has done．Only in this way can we solve the problem of existing
Yours truly，
Li Ping
1．本题总分为30分，按5个档次给分。
2．评分时，先根据文章的内容和语言初步确定其所属档次，然后以该档次的要求米衡量确定或调整档次，最后给分。
3．词数少于l20和多于150的，从总分中减去2分。
4．评分时，应注意的主要内容为：内容要点、应用词汇和语法结构的数量和准确性、上下文的连贯性、根据表达内容的层次适当分段及语言的得体性。
5．拼写与标点符号是语言准确性的一个方面，评分时，应视其对交际的影响程度予以考虑。英、美拼写及词汇用法均可接受。
6．如书写潦草，从总分中减去3分：如书写较差，以至影响交际，将分数降低一个档次。
各档次的给分范围和要求：
第一档：（25—30分）
很好地完成了试题规定的任务。
对题中所提供的信息讲行了恰当的描述，清楚地表达了自己的观点并进行了充分合理的论证。
语法结构和词汇选用恰当、丰富。
语法结构或词汇方面有些许错误，但为尽力使用较复杂结构或较高级词汇所致：具备较强的语言运用能力。
有效地使用了语句间的连接成分，使全文结构紧凑。
第二档：（19—24分）
较好地完成了试题规定的任务。
对题中所提供的信息进行了描述，表达了自己的观点并进行了论证。
应用的语法结构和词汇能基本满足任务的要求。
语法结构或词汇方面应用基本准确，些许错误主要是因尝试较复杂语法结构或词汇所致。
应用简单的语句间的连接成分，使全文结构紧凑。
第三档：（13—18分）
基本完成了试题规定的任务。
能描述题目中的信息，表达了自己的观点并尝试进行论证。
应用的语法结构和词汇能满足任务的要求。
有一些语法结构或词汇方面的错误，但不影响理解。
应用简单的语句间的连接成分，使全文内容连贯。
第四档：（7—12分）
未恰当完成试题规定的任务。
能涉及到题目所提供的信息，体现了对问题的看法及其原因。
语法结构单调，词汇知识有限。
有一些语法结构或词汇方面的错误，影响了对写作内容的理解。
较少使刚语句间的连接成分，内容缺少连贯性。信息未能清楚地传达给读者。
第五档：（1—6分）
未完成试题规定的任务
很少涉及题目中所提供的信息，个人观点表达不清，而且没有阐述原因。
语法结构单调，词汇项目有限。 ．
较多语法结构或词汇方面的错误，影响对写作内容的理解。
缺乏语句间的连接成分，内容不连贯。
0分
信息未能传达给读者。
未能传达给读者任何信息：内容太少，无法评判；所写的内容均与所要求内容无关或所写内容无法辨认。
英 语 试 题
2006. 12. 9
本试卷分第Ⅰ卷（选择题）和第Ⅱ卷（非选择题）两部分。第Ⅰ卷1至8页。第Ⅱ卷9至10页。共150分。考试时间120分钟。
第Ⅰ卷 （三部分，共105分）
第一部分听力（共两节，满分30分）
第一节（共5小题；每小题1．5分，满分7．5分）
听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听完每段对话后，你将有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。
1．Where will the woman probably go first?
A．To a shop ． B．To a restaurant． C．To a post office．
2．What are the speakers talking about?
A. The necessity to write to Mr. Johnson
B. The person who will meet Mr. Johnson.
C. The arrangement of the Wednesday meeting.
3．What are the two speakers doing?
A. Playing a ball game B. Cheering for Oxford C. Watching a football match
4．What did the man do last night?
He went to a school B. He talked with his friends C. He saw a film on TV
5．What does the man think of the woman?
A. She can make money B. She doesn’t like money C. She is careless with money
第二节（共15小题；每小题1．5分，满分22．5分）
听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时问。每段对话或独白读两遍。
听第6段材料，回答第6至7题。
6．What does the woman think of the weather will be like in the afternoon?
A. Foggy B. Clear C. Windy
7．How will the man get the weather information?
A. He will make a telephone call B. He’ll ask the weatherman
C. He will listen to the radio
听第7段材料，回答第8至10题。
8．Where does this conversation take place?
A. At the airport B. On the road C. In a hotel
9．When will the woman have to check out tomorrow?
A. At 12 B. At 2 pm C. At 2:30 pm
10. What does the man suggest the woman do?
A. Leave some time earlier B. Keep her room clean C. Leave at 5:30
第8段材料，同答第l1至l3题。
11．What has made working at home possible?
A．Personal computers. B. Communications industry.
C. Living far from companies
12．Why do some people prefer working at home?
A. To save time B. To get more jobs C. To make more money
13. What might happen in the future?
A. British Firms could move to Belfast
B. People could call for the labour in Spain.
C. People might work at home for foreign companies.
听第9段材料，回答第1 4至1 7题。
14．Who is Frank Stone?
A．A patient of Dr Milton’s B. A friend of the woman’s
C. A visitor to the clinic
15．Why won’t Mr. Stone come to the clinic tomorrow?
A. He can’t spare the time B. The clinic will be closed
C. Dr. Milton won’t come to work.
16．When is the clinic open?
A. From Monday to Friday B. On weekdays except Thursday.
C. Throughout the whole week
17. What time has finally been fixed for Mr. Stone to come?
A. 5:30 pm, Wednesday B. 6:15pm Wednesday C. 6:15pm Thursday
听第10段材料，回答第18至20题。
18．Why does a bus move slowly in London?
A．There’s always speed limit． B. There’s usually a lot of traffic
C. There’s many bike on the road.
19．What is one of the disadvantages in taking the underground in London?
A. The stations are farther B. It costs more money C. It wastes more time
20．What is the speaker’s purpose in going to work by bike?
A. To save time and money B. To keep in good health.
To keep himself safe.
第二部分英语知识运用（共两节，满分35分）
第一节语法和词汇（共15小题；每小题1分，满分l5分）
从A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
21. — Have you heard of the North Korea’s nuclear test?
— Yes,________ news came as ________ shock to me.
A. the; a B. the; the C. a; a D. a; the
22. — Sorry ,but the CDs Secret Garden have been sold out.
— How I wish I had bought ________ earlier!
A. this B. that C. one D. it
23. There is something wrong with Jack’s MP3.He is going to get it ________.
A. fix B. fixing C. to fix D. fixed
24. — I’ve studied gardening as a hobby. Could I make some suggestions?
— ________
A. You will make it B. Go right ahead
C. Don’t mention it D. Take it easy
25. You’ve gone through all your money? I ________ you were well-off.
A. think B. thought C. have thought D. am thinking
26. — William, you ________ the car.
— Sorry .I didn’t see the red light.
A. should have stopped B. couldn’t have stopped
C. must have stooped D. needn’t have stopped
27. — Each of the students working hard at their lessons ________ the book.
— So have I.
A. is reading B. has read C. read D. reads
28. Early in the 1990s no one had any idea that J.K Rowling had come up with the story of Harry Potter, ________ later became a best seller.
A. what B. who C. whom D. which
29. For holidays , many people visit those islands ________ the coast of Australia.
A. in B. on C. off D. of
30. — How do you like the roast chicken?
— It ________ good.
A. turns B. tastes C. feels D. keeps
31. I was now attracted by books. By the end of that summer , I ________ over twenty novels.
A. will have read B. have read C. had read D. has read
32. How long do you think ________ the computer company brings out a new product?
A. it will be before B. will it be until C. will it be when D. it will be that
33. When moving to a new city, one often find it not easy what to take and what to ________.
A. leave behind B. pass away C. bring in D. get across
34. Hit by a hammer ,my foot became ________.
A. 3 time bigger than B. as big as 3 times
C. the normal size 3 times D. 3 times the normal size
35. ________ exercise early in the morning has become part of his retired life.
A. Take B. Takes C. Taking D. Taken
第二节完形填空（共20小题；每小题1分，满分20分）
阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后从36—55各题所给的四个选项（A、B、C、D）中选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
Curt and I have the kind of friendship that I wish everyone would be able to experience．
Our friendship 36 many years ago．We met while 37 different high schools．As years passed，we became good friends．Curt was the best man（伴郎）in my wedding，and l was 38 a few years later when he married my sister’s roommate．And yet the event that most showed our partnership and 39 our friendship happened over 25 years ago，when we were in our 20s．
Curt and I were attending a pool party at the local Swim and Racquet Club．We were walking to the car, joking about the party, and Curt 40 me and said，“Steve，you’ve had too much 41 Maybe I should drive．”At first I thought he was 42 ．but since Curt is definitely the wiser of us，I 43 his judgment．
“Good idea，” I said，and handed him the 44 ．
After l was settled in the passenger seat and Curt sat behind the wheel，he said，“I’m going to need your 45 because I’m not sure how to get to your house from here．”
“No problem，”I 46 ．
Curt started the car and we were 47 ．The next 10 miles seemed like a hundred as I prompted（提示）Curt with 48 —left now, right soon，slow down，speed up and so on．The important thing was that we got home 49 that night．
Ten years later at my wedding，Curt brought 50 to the eyes of 400 guests as he told the story of our partnership and 51 we drove home together that night．Why it was such a（n） 52 story? We would all，I hope，offer our keys 53 we knew we shouldn’t drive．But you see，my friend Curt was blind．He had been blind from 54 and never sat behind the wheel of a car 55 that night．
36．A．continued B．began C．encouraged D．interrupted
37．A．attending B．taking C．1eaving D．finishing
38．A．alone B．theirs C．there D．his
39．A．formed B．began C．deepened D．valued
40．A．pointed to B．turned to C．went to D．looked up
41．A．water B．medicine C．smoke D．wine
42．A．lying B．insisting C．joking D．deciding
43．A．respected B．doubted C．understood D．used
44．A．wheels B．keys C．seat D．car
45．A．advice B．reason C．help D．statement
46．A．agreed B．responded C．promised D．decided
47．A．off B．over C．out D．down
48．A．safety B．speed C．qualities D．directions
49．A．late B．safe C．early D．drunken
50．A．attention B．excitement C．tears D．surprise
51．A．how B．why C．when D．whom
52．A．interesting B．surprising C．touching D．amazing
53．A．when B．until C．because D．since
54．A．now B．nature C．end D．birth
55．A．during B．over C．after D．before
第三部分 阅读理解（共20小题；每小题2分，满分40分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
A
A quality education is the basic liberator．it can free people from poverty, giving them the power to greatly improve their lives and take a productive place in society．It can also free communities and countries，allowing them to jump forward into periods of wealth and social unity that otherwise would not be possible．
For this reason，the international community has devoted itself to getting all the world’s children into primary school by 2015，a task known as Education for All．
Can education for aIl be achieved by 2015? The answer is undoubtedly “yes，”although it is a difficult task．If we now measure the goal in terms of children successfully completing at least five years of primary school，instead of just enrolling（注册）for classes，which used to be the measuring stick for education，then the task becomes even more difficult．Only 32 countries were formerly believed to be at risk of not achieving education for all on the basis of enrollment．The number rises to 88 if completion of primary school is used as the standard．
Still，the goal is achievable with the right policies and the right support from the international community．59 of the 88 countries at risk can reach universal primary completion by 2015 if they bring the effectiveness and quality of their education systems into line with standards observed in higher-performing systems．They also need great increases in outside support．The 29 countries falling farthest behind will not reach the goal without extra fast speed of progress．But this is achievable with creative solution，including use fo information technologies，enough foreign aid， and fewer people living in poverty．
A key lesson of experience about what makes development effective is that a country’s ability to use aid well depends heavily on its policies，institutions and management．Where a country scores well on these，foreign assistance can be highly effective．
56．In the first paragraph，the author suggests that a quality education can_________．
A．free countries from foreign rules
B．give people freedom
C．speed up social progress
D．liberate people from any pressure
57．Ideally, the goal of the program of Education for All is to ____________by 2015．
A．enroll all the world’s children into primary school
B．get all the world’s children to complete primary school
C．give quality education to people of 88 countries
D．support those devoted to changing their education systems
58．________ countries are now at risk of not achieving education for alI on the basis of completing 5 years of primary school．
A．88 B．32 C．29 D．59
59．According to the passage，which of the following is NOT mentioned as the right policy?
A．Raising the effectiveness of education systems．
B．Improving the quality of education．
C．Using information technologies．
D．Building more primary schools．
60．As can be gathered from the last paragraph，foreign aid______．
A．is provided only when some standards are met
B．may not be highly effective
C．alone makes development possible
D．is most effective for those countries falling farthest behind
B
Is there enough oil beneath the Arctic National Wildlife Refuge (保护区) (ANWR) to help secure America’s energy future? President Bush certainly thinks so. He has argued that tapping ANWR’s oil would help ease California’s electricity crisis and provide a major boost to the country’s energy independence. But no one knows for sure how much crude oil lies buried beneath the frozen earth, with the last government survey, conducted in1998, projecting output anywhere from 3 billion to 16 billion barrels. The oil industry goes with the high end of the range, which could equal as much as 10% of U.S. consumption for as long as six years. By pumping more than 1 million barrels a day from the reserve for the next two to three decades, lobbyists claim, the nation could cut back on imports equivalent to all shipments to the U.S. from Saudi Arabia. Sounds good. An oil boom would also mean a multibillion-dollar windfall (意外之财) in tax revenues, royalties (开采权使用费) and leasing fees for Alaska and the Federal Government. Best of all, advocates of drilling say, damage to the environment Would be insignificant. “We’ve never had a documented case of an oil rig chasing deer out onto the pack ice,” say Alaska State Representative Scott Ogan. Not so fast, say environmentalists. Sticking to the low end of government estimates the National Resources Defends Council says there may be no more than 3.2 billion barrels of economically recoverable oil in the coastal plain of ANWR, a drop in the bucket that would do virtually nothing to ease America’s energy problems. And consumers would wait up to a decade to gain any benefits, because drilling could begin only after mush bargaining over leases, environmental permits and regulatory review. As for ANWR’s impact on the California power crisis, environmentalists point out that oil is responsible for only 1% of the Golden State’s electricity output ---and just 3% of the nation’s. 61. What does President Bush think of tapping oil in ANWR? A. It will increase America’s energy consumption. B. It will exhaust the nation’s oil reserves. C. It will help reduce the nation’s oil imports. D. It will help secure the future of ANWR. 62. We learn from the second paragraph that the American oil industry _________. A. shows little interest tapping oil in ANWR B. expect to stop oil imports from Saudi Arabia C. tend to exaggerate America’s reliance on foreign oil D. believes that drilling for ANWR will produce high yields 63. Those against oil drilling ANWR argue that ________. A. it will drain the oil reserves in the Alaskan region B. it can do little to solve U.S. energy problem C. it can cause serious damage to the environment D. it will not have much commercial value 64. What do the environmentalists mean by saying “Not so fast” (Line1, Psra.3)? A. Don’t be too optimistic. B. Don’t expect fast returns. C. The oil drilling should be delayed. D. Oil exploitation takes a long time. 65. It can be learned from the passage that oil exploitation beneath ANWR’s frozen earth ________. A. involves a lot of technological problems B. remains a controversial issue C. is expected to get under way soon D. will enable the U.S. to be oil independent
C
Every summer thousands of Americans stay at home instead of going on holiday because they’re overweight．They don’t want people to see them sunbathing and they don’t want to have to squeeze into plane seats．But now, thanks to the growing number of weight-friendly holiday packages，the overweight are having their days in the sun．
“Overweight people will have a great time on our holidays as we don’t judge them like other people do，”said Liz Nickels，owner of Big Adventures，a US-based company that hosts scuba-diving—a sport of swimming underwater while breathing through a tube connected to a tank on your back for larger people．As a way to keep up with the demand for extra-large accommodation，many hotels in the US have started to offer features such as wide beds and handheld showers．But the best in plus-size vacationing lies at Mexico’s Freedom Paradise，a 112-room resort（度假胜地）opening this month，which urges guests to “Live Large，Live Free”．
The hotel has broad doorways，reinforced（加同）furniture and extra large chairs．It also boasts（自夸）a private beach to protect people from the stares that can occur on public beaches．“It’s not a hotel just for large people．It’s a size-friendly place where anyone can enjoy a holiday,” said owner Jurrian Kilnk。“What we noticed was that a lot of oversized people don’t feel comfortable at resorts．”Staff members of all sizes are hired by the hotel to make overweight people feel OK．
Though many welcome the new service，some feel differently．“I have a real problem with this，”said Nancy Lenhart，owner of Camp La Jolla，a Californian weight-loss and fitness camp．“If you talk about oversized beds and doorways you are throwing their weight in their faces．Overweight people want to be normalized．They shouldn’t be discriminated against like this．”
66．Large people don’t want to go on holiday because___________．
A．they don’t like sun-bathing B．they don’t want to be looked at
C．the planes are too crowded D．hotels are not open to them
67．In the first paragraph，weight-friendly holiday packages means________．
A．there are some free packages for the overweight
B．people are friendly to the overweight
C．special holiday tour for the overweight
D．the overweight can lose weight
68．Scuba-diving is a sport of swimming___________．
A．for larger people B．only for larger people
C．jumping from the platform D．underwater
69．Mexico’s Freedom Paradise is a hotel__________．
A．for people of all sizes B．only intended for larger people
C．where everything is oversized D．where larger people can live for free
70．The underlined part “you are throwing their weight in their faces” means__________．
A．you are beating them in the face B．it’s easy to know they’re overweight
C．their faces seem bigger than others D．you can make them lose weight
D
High school dropouts（辍学者）earn an average of $ 9,000 less per year than graduates. Now a new study dispels a common belief why they quit. It’s much more basic than flunking out（不及格）.
Society tends to think of high school dropouts as kids who just can’t cut it. They are lazy，and perhaps not too bright．So researchers were surprised when they asked more than 450 kids who quit school about why they left.
“The vast majority actually had passing grades and they were confident that they could have graduated from high school.” John Bridgeland, the executive researcher said. About 1 million teens leave school each year. Only about half of African-American and Hispanic（美籍西班牙的）student will receive a diploma（证书），and actually all dropouts come to regret their decision. So， if failing grades don’t explain why these kids quit, what does? Again，John Bridgeland："The most dependable finding was that they were bored.” “They found classes uninteresting; they weren’t inspired or motivated. They didn’t see any direct connection between what they were learning in the classroom to their own lives, or to their career aspirations.”
The study found that most teens who do drop out wait until they turn sixteen, which happens to be the age at which most states allow students to quit. In the US，only one state，New Mexico，has a law requiring teenagers to stay in high school until they graduate. Only four states: California, Tennessee, Texas and Utah, plus the District of Columbia, require school attendance until age 18, no exceptions, another researcher，says raising the compulsory（义务的）attendance age may be one way to keep more kids in school．
“As these dropouts look back，they realize they’ve made a mistake. And anything that sort of gives these people an extra push to stick it out and it through to the end, is probably helpful measure.”
New Hampshire may be the next state to raise its school attendance age to 18. But critics say that forcing the students unwilling to continue their studies to stay in school misses the point－the need for reform. It's been called for to reinvent high school education to make it more challenging and relevant, and to ensure that kids who do stick it out receive a diploma that actually means something.
71. Most high school students drop out of' school because＿＿．
A. they have failing grades B. they take no interest in classes
C. they are discriminated against D. they are lazy and not intelligent
72. Acceding to the passage，which state has a law requiring school attendance until they graduate? A. New Hampshire B. Utah
C. New Mexico D. The District of Columbia
73. The underlined words “stick it out” probably means“＿＿”．
A. complete schooling B. solve the problem
C. love having classes D. believe in themselves
74. In the last paragraph, the writer is trying to＿＿
A. analyze the reason why students quit school
B. suggest raising the compulsory attendance age
C. raise awareness of reforming high school education
D. wish to make laws to guarantee no education
75. From the passage，we can infer the following EXCEPT that＿．
A. the grades of most dropouts at school were acceptable
B. about 500, 000 high school dropouts are black and Spanish
C. classes don't appeal to dropouts
D. on average dropouts cannot get good jobs
第Ⅱ卷 （共45分）
注意事项：
1．刚钢笔或圆珠笔直接答在试卷上。
2．答卷前将密封线内的项目填写清楚。
第四部分书面表达（共两节，满分45分）
第一节阅读表达（共5小题：每题3分，满分15分）
阅读下面的短文，根据要求完成76—80小题。
America is a country on the move．In unheard-of numbers, people of all ages are exercising their way to better health．According to the latest figures，59 percent of American adults exercise regularly—up 12 percent from just two years ago and more than double the figure of 25 years ago．Even non-exercisers believe they would be more attractive and confident if they were more active．
It is hard not to get the message．The virtues of physical fitness are shown on magazine covers，postage stamps，and television ads for everything from beauty soaps to travel books．Exercise as a part of daily life did not catch on until the late 1960s when research by military doctors began to show the health benefits of doing regular physical exercises．Growing publicity for races held in American cities helped fuel a strong interest in the ancient sport of running Although Americans have also discovered other forms of exercise（such as walking and swimming），running_____________________________________________________________．
As the popularity of exercise continues to increase．so does scientific evidence of its health benefits．The key to fitness is exercising the major muscle group vigorously enough to approximately double the heart rate and keep it doubled for 20 to 30 minutes at a time．Doing such
physical exercises three times or more a week will produce considerable improvements in physical
health in about three months．
76．What is the best title for the passage?（Please answer within 10 words．）
______________________________________________________ __________
77．Which sentence in the passage can be replaced by the following one?
There are a lot of people of all ages who seek for better health through exercise．
________________________________________________________ ________
78．Please fill in the blank in the second paragraph with proper words or phrases to complete the sentence．（Please answer within 10 words．）
___________________________________________________________ _____
79．What is the author’s purpose in writing the last paragraph?（Please answer within 30 words．）
__________________________________________ ______________________
80．Translate the underlined sentence in the last paragraph into Chinese．
_______________________________________________________ _________
第二节 写作（满分30分）
2005年11月1日，中国人口突破13亿，世界人口达到64亿多，预计到2013年将突破70亿，2054年将突破90亿。正如下图所示，再这样下去，地球将不堪重负，最终归于毁灭。假设你是李平，请结合提示和图示写一篇短文给某英文报纸，并发表你的看法，以唤起人们对人口问题的重视。
注意：1．词数：100—120左右。
2．开头和结尾已写出，不计入总词数。
Dear editor，
I hope the following article will draw people’s attention to the problem of the world’s population．______________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yours truly，
Li Ping
临沭一中高三第二次月考英 语 试 题 答 案
2006．12
1—5 CACBC 6—l0 BACBA 11—15 BACAC l6—20 ACBBA
2l—25ACDBB 26—30 ABDCB 3l一35 CAADC
36—40 BADCB 41—45 DCABC 46—50 BADBC 5l—55 ACADD
56—60 CBADB 61—65 CDBAB 66—70 BCDAB 71—75 BCACB
76．Exercise, the Road to Health / The Importance of Exercise
77．In unheard-of numbers，people of all ages are exercising their way to better health．
78．remains the most popular form of exercise / is still popular
79．The author’s purpose is chiefly to show us about the increase of scientific evidence of
advantages of exercising．
80．随着锻炼愈来愈受欢迎，显示锻炼对健康有益的科学证据也愈来愈多。
第二节：写作（满分30分）
One possible version：
Dear editor，
I hope the following article will draw people’s attention to the problem of the world’s population．On November 1 st，2005，the population of China was 1.3 billion，while at the same time the world’s population reached 6.4 billion or more．It is predicted that in 2013 it will reach 7 billion and 9 billion in 2054．It puts great pressure on the earth’s environment and employment．The space of the earth is limited．As is shown in the picture，with constant increase of population，the earth can no longer bear the pressure and will be destroyed sooner or later．All the people on the earth will disappear in the universe．
In my opinion，the government all over the world should control the growth of the population as China has done．Only in this way can we solve the problem of existing
Yours truly，
Li Ping
1．本题总分为30分，按5个档次给分。
2．评分时，先根据文章的内容和语言初步确定其所属档次，然后以该档次的要求米衡量确定或调整档次，最后给分。
3．词数少于l20和多于150的，从总分中减去2分。
4．评分时，应注意的主要内容为：内容要点、应用词汇和语法结构的数量和准确性、上下文的连贯性、根据表达内容的层次适当分段及语言的得体性。
5．拼写与标点符号是语言准确性的一个方面，评分时，应视其对交际的影响程度予以考虑。英、美拼写及词汇用法均可接受。
6．如书写潦草，从总分中减去3分：如书写较差，以至影响交际，将分数降低一个档次。
各档次的给分范围和要求：
第一档：（25—30分）
很好地完成了试题规定的任务。
对题中所提供的信息讲行了恰当的描述，清楚地表达了自己的观点并进行了充分合理的论证。
语法结构和词汇选用恰当、丰富。
语法结构或词汇方面有些许错误，但为尽力使用较复杂结构或较高级词汇所致：具备较强的语言运用能力。
有效地使用了语句间的连接成分，使全文结构紧凑。
第二档：（19—24分）
较好地完成了试题规定的任务。
对题中所提供的信息进行了描述，表达了自己的观点并进行了论证。
应用的语法结构和词汇能基本满足任务的要求。
语法结构或词汇方面应用基本准确，些许错误主要是因尝试较复杂语法结构或词汇所致。
应用简单的语句间的连接成分，使全文结构紧凑。
第三档：（13—18分）
基本完成了试题规定的任务。
能描述题目中的信息，表达了自己的观点并尝试进行论证。
应用的语法结构和词汇能满足任务的要求。
有一些语法结构或词汇方面的错误，但不影响理解。
应用简单的语句间的连接成分，使全文内容连贯。
第四档：（7—12分）
未恰当完成试题规定的任务。
能涉及到题目所提供的信息，体现了对问题的看法及其原因。
语法结构单调，词汇知识有限。
有一些语法结构或词汇方面的错误，影响了对写作内容的理解。
较少使刚语句间的连接成分，内容缺少连贯性。信息未能清楚地传达给读者。
第五档：（1—6分）
未完成试题规定的任务
很少涉及题目中所提供的信息，个人观点表达不清，而且没有阐述原因。
语法结构单调，词汇项目有限。 ．
较多语法结构或词汇方面的错误，影响对写作内容的理解。
缺乏语句间的连接成分，内容不连贯。
0分
信息未能传达给读者。
未能传达给读者任何信息：内容太少，无法评判；所写的内容均与所要求内容无关或所写内容无法辨认。