（教师用）高三英语第2单元知识归纳与相关高考试题[上学期]

1．【face】面对vt.
相关词组：1) in face of…面对… 2)face up to勇敢地对付（困难/讨厌的事实）
3）face out大胆坚持到底 4)be faced with……面对……
2．【在时间、条件和让步状语从句中，若从句的主语与主句一致，且从句谓语中含有be
时，从句的主语和be可一起省略】
〖练习〗1）穿过马路要小心。 Be careful when crossing the street.
2)除非邀请，否则我将不会出席这次宴会。I won’t attend the party unless invited.
3．【区别】sort与kind 种类
kind 种类，强调某种性质相同，而且有相似特征的东西，足以用某种方法分类，归在一起。
Sort种类，常与kind同义，在口语和商业语言更常用，还可以表示轻蔑的意思。
〖练习〗：你怎么会产生这种想法？ How did you get this sort of ideas into your mind?
4.【means】手段，方法，工具（单复数同形）
〖练习〗没有办法可以到那儿。There is no means of getting there.
→相关词组：by all means 无论如何，务必，别客气
by means of以…，借着…… ；by no means 一点也不，
5.【区别】do with与deal with
简单记作：What to do with… / How to deal with….
6.【区别】that ,one ,it
that指代前面提出过的事物（不指代人）。既可替代可数名词（复数形式为those），也可指代不可数名词。其作用有时等于the one
one表示泛指，代替前面提出过的同类人或物，但不是同一个；它只能替代可数名词，复数形式为ones.
It表示特指，指代前面提出的那个事物（是同一个），用于指可数名词或不可数名词。
〖练习〗
1)I have a pen.My uncle gave it to me.
2)---Do you have a computer?
---No,but my father has one . He bought it last year.
3)The weather in Yantai is better than that in Chongqing.
7【词组】meet with体验到，遭遇到，会见
例句：我遭遇到过车祸I met with a traffic accident.
8.【evaluate】评价，估计vt.
例句：要把她当歌手来评价很难。It’s hard to evaluate her as a singer.
〖引申〗value 评价，估计，重视，尊重vt.
我非常珍惜你的友情:I value your friendship very highly.
照你的评价他是个怎么样的作家？?How do you value him as a writer?
9【possession】拥有，占有，所有物，财产，领土
在那场火灾中他失去了全部财产：He lost all his possessions in the fire.
〖相关词组〗be possession of拥有; be in the possession of （某物）为（某人）所有
get/gain/take possession of拿到；占有；占领
〖练习〗
1）他合法拥有这所房子He is in lawful possession of the house.
2)那珍奇的邮票现在为一位不知名的收藏家所有：The rare stamp is in the
possession of an unknown collector.
3)他们迅速占领了城堡：They took possession of the castle quickly.
10．【mass】一块，多数，大量；大众，民众
大块大块的云： large masses of clouds
她有一大堆事要做：She has a mass of things to do.
〖练习〗创造历史的往往是民众： The masses are often the makers of history.
11．【区别】energy 与power
energy 不可数名词：精力，能量,活力
power 力量，能力，体力，智力，强有力，权力，强国，有实力的人
〖练习〗
Carrying this baggage requires a lot of power
He is full of energy .
Our earth is faced with the energy crisis.
The task is beyond my power.
China is now among the great economic powers in the world.
His father is a power in this town.
12.【risk】冒着…….的危险；使……遭受危险；以……作为赌注
我明知会受惩罚也要做I will risk the punishment.
他将全部财产投注于新公司。He risked all his fortune for the new company.
〖重要用法〗risk doing sth.冒险做…
take the risk of…冒……的危险； at any risk无论冒什么危险；无论如何
13【alternative】（两者或更多）选择，替代物 n.
你或者发言，要不然就保持沉默： You have the alternative of speaking or of keeping silent.
因为我没有钱，所以除了呆在家里别无选择：I had no money,so I had no alternative to staying at home..
14【equip】装备…，配备…
他们的实验室没有妥善的设备：They did not equip their laboratory properly.
15【foundation】基础，建立
〖词组〗lay the foundation of奠定了…的基础
16【endeavour】努力，尽力
他努力使自己镇静下来。He endeavoured to calm himself down.
〖引申〗effort?
词组：make an effort /efforts to do 尽力做…
make every effort 尽一切努力
spare no effort不遗余力； without effort毫不费力地
例句：All my efforts were in vain.我的努力全部白费了。
17【inspire】vt.鼓舞，激励，赋予……灵感
inspired 有灵感的，非常好的,受到鼓舞的；
inspiring 令人鼓舞的，激励的
inspiration 灵感/鼓舞人心的人或事物 n.
perspiration汗水n.
18【区别】search 与search for
search sb.搜某人的身；search for sb. 搜寻某人
search the room for some proofs搜查这个房间寻找证据
19．【contact】接触，交往
get in contact /touch with 与某人联系上；keep in contact/touch with与…保持联系
be in contact with …与…有交往/联系
20．【lead to】导致，通向（此处的to为介词）
to 为介词的动词短语有：
look forward to 期望，盼望；refer to 提到，谈到，涉及
pay attention to注意 ；devote to致力于
contribute to 为…做贡献 ；pay a visit to 参观（拜访）…
stick to坚持….. ；be related to 与……有关
draw one’s attention to注意…… ； be used to ……习惯于…
belong to ….属于 ；take to….开始从事于…
object to……反对… ;get down to….开始做……
get close to …接近于… ; see to…负责，注意
21【command】命令，指挥，掌握
例句：法官命令大家肃静 The judge commanded silence.
老师命令他离开教室：The teacher commanded that he (should) go out of the classroom.
〖词组〗under the command of在…指挥之下
22【set】1）放，设置，把…摆放好
set the table for dinner摆桌子，准备吃饭
2）确定（ 时间/价格等）
Let’s set the time of interview.我们来定一下采访的时间。
3）使……处于某种状态（接复合宾语）
这些话引起我的深思：These words set me thinking.
4）Set sb. to do sth.让某人做某事
5）set +双宾语“给某人树立……”
她给我们树立了一个好榜样：She set us a good example.
6）点缀
The dark sky was set with stars.星星点缀着黑暗的天空
7）以?…为背景 be set in
The film is set in a story in the 1970s.这部电影以20世纪70年代的一个故事为背景。
〖相关词组〗set fire to纵火 ；set off出发，动身，引爆
set about 开始（做）；着手 ；set out 动身；开始
23.【in return (for)作为回报】
你若送我一张照片，我便回赠一张给你：If you give me your photo,I’ll give you mine in return.
22.【adjust】调查，适应，顺应
这桌子可以配合小孩的高度任意调整：You can adjust this desk to the height of any child.
23【词组】
by any chance 万一，也许； by chance偶然地，无意中
take a chance /take chances碰运气，投机
24【词组】
run out of / use up 用光，用尽（相当于及物动词）
25【refer】提到，涉及，查阅，求助于，与…有关，与介词to搭配
refer to a dictionary查字典；?refer to the facts of history提及史实
refer to ……as……将……称为……; in reference to 关于….
26【rely】依靠，信赖，信任，跟介词on/upon
reliable可信赖的
27．【make it】做成，成功，达到目的，设法安排
例句：
1）---Can we catch the train?
---I hope we can make it.
2)He says he’ll get up at six tomorrow morning,but he’ll never make it.
28【arise（arose,arisen）】出现，发生，起来，上升.
那种情况会产生新的难题：New difficulties will arise from such situation.
意外事件可能因为疏忽而引起：Accidents can arise from carelessness.
29【区别】such as ; for example, namely
such as用于列举，往往不能把事物全列出，一般不跟逗号
for example举例说明，可用于句首，句中，句末，其后往往跟逗号
namely用于列举，名词前使用具体数字说明，并把事物一一列出。
例句：Only one person can do the job, namely you.
〓相关高考试题〓
1.（2003上海）Generally speaking,__________according to the directions,the drug has no side effect.
A.when taking B.when taken C.when to take D.when to be taken
选B
2.(NMET2004)When first________to the market ,these products enjoyed great success.
A.introducing B.introduced C.introduce D.being introduced
选B
3.(NMET 2000)Most animals have little connection with_________animals of_______different kind unless they hunt them for food.
A.the;a B./; a C.the;the D./;the
选B（第一空不是特指某一种动物，所以不用冠词，第二空?a different kind表示泛指，表示某种不同种类的动物）
4.(2002上海)In some parts of London,missing a bus means _________for another hour.
A. waiting B.to wait C.wait D.to be waiting
选A
5.Paper money was in________use in China when Marco Polo visited the country in_______thirteenth century.
A.the; / B.the; the C./ ; the D./; /
选C（in use是固定搭配，表示“在使用着”。）
6.(NMET2000)It is said in Australia there is more land than the government knows________.
A.it what to do with B.what to do it with
C.what to do with it D.to do what with it
选C
7.(2003上海)Equipped with modern facilities, today’s libraries differ greatly from________.
A.those of the past B.the past C.which of the past D.those past
选A
8.(NMET2004)Let’s keep to the point,or we_______any decisions.
A.will never reach B.have never reached C.never reach D.never reached
选A（本题是一个常用句型，即“祈使句+and(或or)+结果分句”，结果分句中用一般将来时。）
9.(2003上海)The young dancers looked so charming in their beautiful clothes that we took_____pictures of them.
A. many of B.masses of C.the number of D.a large amount of
选B
10（1996上海）Mnay countries are increasing their use of natural gas,wind and other form of__________.
A.energy B.source C.power D.material
选A
11.---How do you deal with the disagreement between the company and the customers?
---The key_______the problem is to meet the demand ______by the customers.
A.to solving;making B.to solving;made C.to solve;making D.to solve;made
选B
12.(2001北京)If this dictionary is not yours,__________can it be?
A.what else B.who else C.which else’s D.who else’s
选D
13.(2004天津)I got the story from Tom and_______people who had worked with him.
A.every other B.many others C.some other D.other than
选C(空格后的people此时是复数形式，不能和every 连用；other than意思是除了，与and不一致)
14.(2002上海)As far as I am concerned ,education is about learning and the more you learn,_______.
A.the more for life are you equipped B.the more equipped for life you are
C.the more life you are equipped for D.you are equipped the more for life
选B
15.(2000上海)________ in 1636,Harvard is one of the most famous universities in the United States.
A.Being founded B.It was founded C.Founded D.Founding
选C
16.(2004浙江)_________students are required to take part in the boat race.
Ten strong young Chinese B.Ten Chinese strong young
C.Chinese ten young strong D.Young strong ten Chinese
选A （多个形容词同时作定语时，排列顺序：限定词（冠词/指示代词/形容词性物主代词/名词所有格/序数词/基数词）+描述性形容词+大小形状类+新旧、长幼+颜色类+来源、材料、用途类+被修饰名词）
17.(2002上海)It __________ long before we___________ the result of the experiment.
A.will not be;will know b.is ;will know C.will not be;;know D.is;know
选C
18.(NMET2000)__________production up by 60% ,the company has had another excellent year.
A.As B.For C.With D.Though
选C
19.(2001上海)Mr Read made up his mind to devote all he had to _______some schools for poor children.
A.set up B.setting up c.have set up D.having set up
选B
20(NMET2004)”We can’t go out in this weather,”said Bob,_______out of the window.
A.looking B.to look c.looked D.having looked
选A
21(1999上海)It is not rare in_________that people in__________fifties are going to university for further education.
A.90s;the B.the 90s; / C. 90s ; their D.the 90s ;their
选D
22.(2004湖北)Don’t leave matches or cigarettes on the table within the____of little children.
A.hand B.reach c.space D.distance
选B
23(2002上海)Don’t use words,expressions or phrases_______only to people with specific knowledge.
A.being known b.having been known C.to be known d.known
选D
24(2000上海)You’re standing too near the camera.Can you move_______?
A.a bit far B.a little farther c.a bit of farther d.a little far.
选B
25（004福建)---How do you _______we go to Beijing for our holidays?
---I think we’d better fly there.It’s much more comfortable.
A.insist B.want C.suppose d.suggest
选D（问句中的宾语从句用了省略should的虚拟 语气，从意思和结构分析是suggest）
26.(NMET1997)The fire spread through the hotel very quickly but everyone______get out.
A.had to B.would c.was able to d.could
选C
27(2004上海)It was foolish of him to__________his notes during that important test,and as a result,he got punished.
A.stick to B.refer to c.keep to d.point to
选B
28(2000北京)The picture________on the wall is painted by my nephew.
A.having hung b.hanging C.hangs d.being hung
选B
29(1999上海)When I handed the report to John,he said that George was the person_______.
A.to send b.for sending it C.to send it to d.for sending it to
选C
30（2002北京）---When shall we start?
---Let’s _________it 8:30.Is that all right?
A.set B.make C.meet D.take
选B（make it+时间，表示“就定为…时间吧”）