英语语法专题―――动词不定式
He seems ___ the old lady.
A. knowing B. to be knowing C. to know D. to be known
Tom ___ when they spoke ill of him.
A. happened to be passed B. happened to be passing by
C. happened passing by D. happened to passed
3. We all hope ____ scientists. A. become B. to become C. becoming D. became
The boy refused ____ for climbing the tall tree.
A. to pay B. to be paid C. being paid D. paying
I happened ____ the article when he asked me about it.
A. having read B. to have read C. to be read D. reading
6. ______ with him is a great pleasure.
A. To talk B. Talk C. Talked D. To talking
7. It is nice _____ your voice. A. to hear B. hear C. heard D. to be hearing
8. _____ is to struggle. A. Living B. Live C. To live D. To be lived
9. Her wish is ____ a doctor. A. becoming B. become C. to become D. being come
10. I was just about ____ the office when the phone rang.
A. leaving B. leave C. to leave D. to leaving
11. I didn’t ____ it until you had explained how.
A. manage to do B. managed to do C. manage to have done D. manage doing
12. He found it important ___ the situation all over the world.
A. study B. to study C. studies D. to be studied
13. At last the enemy soldiers had no choice but ___ their guns.
A. to lay down B. lie down C. laying down D. lay down
14. Yesterday I did nothing but ___ TV.
A. watch B. watched C. to watch D. watching
15. It had no effect except ___ him angry.
A. make B. making C. to make D. made
16. Bob did nothing except ____ tennis. A. play B. to play C. playing D. played
17. I’m considering ___ his letter.
A. to answer B. how answering C. to be answering D. how to answer
18. Tell us _____ next. A. how to do B. what to do C. how do D. what do
19. We want to know ___ to help him when he is in trouble.
A. what will do B. what we should do C. how to do D. what will we do
20. Don’t stop trying. You’ll be sure ___ .
A. succeed B . succeeding C. of succeeding D. to succeed
21. The government calls on us ____ our production.
A. increased B. increasing C. increase D. to increase
22. With his teacher ____ he wanted to try it a second time.
A. helping B. to help C. help D. helped
23. The lady was watched ____ her room in silence.
A. had left B. left C. leave D. to leave
24. I’m hungry . Get me something ____.
A. eating B. to eat C. to be eaten D. eaten
25. His wish ,____ a doctor ,came true. A. coming B. come C. to come D. came
26. He loves praise. He is always the first ____ and the last _____.
A. of coming ; of leaving B. comes; leaves C. to come; to leave D. coming; leaving
27. At last they found a house _____ .
A. to leave his things with B. to leave his things in C. leaving his things in
28. There is nothing ______ . A. to worry B. to worry about C. worry D. worry about
29.Have you got enough room ___all of us
A. seating B. to seat C. seated D. to be seated
30. It is too dark for us ____ anything in the room.
A. see B. seeing C. to see D. seen
31. The young man is ____ willing ____ the old living around here.
A. very; helping B. very; to help C. too; to help D. enough ; help
32.He bent down ___ the pen lying on the floor.
A. pick up B. to pick up C. picking D. picked
33. ____ the room temperature, he added some coal into the stove.
A. To keep up B. So as to keep up C. Keep up D. In order keep up
34. The teacher did what she could ____ me with my lessons.
A. help B. helps C. helped D. to help
35. It is difficult for a foreigner ____ Chinese.
A. learning B. to learn C. learned D. to be learned
36. It is careless ____ the same mistake in your composition .
A. for you to make B. for you making C. of you to make D . of you making
37. The girl is easy ____ along with. A. to be got B. got C. to get D. getting
38.--- Are the problems easy --- No, in fact I found ____.
A. them hard to solve B. it was hard to solve
C. in hard to be solved D. very hard to solve them
39. ____ is a big problem.
A. To get rid of these things B. How to get rid of these things
C. Getting rid of these things D. Get rid of these things
40. I felt silly because I didn’t know ____.
A. to say B. how to say C. what to say D. what saying
41.The question is ____ the answer .
A. where find B. to find C. where to find D. where finding
42. Would you please _____ to each other before you hand in your examination papers
A. not talk B. don’t talk C. not talking D. not to talk
43. Tell him _____ the window.
A. to shut not B. not to shut C. to not shut D. not shut
44. He doesn’t like ___ in public.
A. praised B. to praise C. to be praised D. praising
45. We want the job ____ by the end of the week.
A. doing B. done C. to be doing D. being done
46. The film is reported _____ on show at the cinema.
A. to being B. will be C. to be D. being
47. He is said ____ to London already.
A. having sent B. to be sending C. to have been sent D. being sent
48. Alice is said _____ her homework in her own room now.
A. she is doing B. to be doing C. doing D. be doing
49. These boys are said ____ for doing good deeds.
A. to be praising B. to be praised C. praised D. to have praised
50. Who did the manager ___ the report
A. have B. have write C. have writes D. have to write
51. Oh, it’s very cold here, let’s make a fire ____ ourselves up.
A. warm B. warming C. warmed D. to warm
52. Would you please ____ a little more room for me
A. to make B. make C. making D. made
53. I wish to finish my task and ____ away.
A. get B. getting C. to get D. to getting
Keys: 1-20 CBBAB AACCC ABAAC ADBBD 21-40 DBDBC CBBBC BBADB CCABC
41-53 CABCB CCBBB DBA非谓语动词用法讲座——不定式
概论：不受主语的人称和数的制约，也不体现时的特征，不能独立充当谓语，只能与一定的助动词结合构成进行体、完成体或被动语态。
形式：不定式、分词、动名词。
不定式 基本形式“to + 动词原形”，有时to 可省去。以动词 do 为例：
主动语态 被动语态
一般式 to do to be done
完成式 to have done to have been done
进行式 to be doing
完成进行式 to have been doing
* 否定式：not to + 动词原形
主语（体现名词特征）
To know the main facts is not enough.
It is a great pleasure to be here.
It made me happy to find Marry there.
Is it a good idea to go swimming today
What fun it is to read Mark Twain’s book!
*It’s important for us to master English.
*It’s kind of you to say so.
“指人”：kind good nice wise clever silly stupid foolish rude careless cruel impolite right wrong 等
“指物”：important impossible possible necessary hard等
表语（体现形容词特征）
To see is to believe.
To be kind to the enemy is to be cruel to the people.
My idea is to climb the mountain from the north.
Cf. I am to leave tomorrow.
You are to answer for it.
宾语（体现名词特征）
1.agree, ask, choose, decide, demand, determine, expect, hope, learn, long, manage, offer, pretend, promise, refuse, want, wish, afford, help, plan, 等后面可以接不定式。
He agreed to smoke no more.
What did he say he wanted to do
2.decide, find out, forget, know, learn, remember, see, wonder后可以接不定式特殊结构。
what to do.
I don’t know where to go.
whom to ask.
who to do it.
when to stop.
I don’t know how to get there.
Which to choose.
*从例句得出不定式特殊结构的规律：没有进行时态、没有被动语态、没有why.
宾补（体现形容词特征）此时宾语是不定式的逻辑主语。
感觉动词see, hear, feel, watch, notice, observe, listen to, look at。（ inf. 省to）
Did you see him go out
表示“致使”等意思的动词have, let, make, advise, cause, allow, ask, beg, encourage, expect, forbid, force, get, invite, permit, persuade, teach, tell, want, warn等。注：有下划线的动词接省略to的不定式宾补。
I made him leave without any hesitation.
I can’t get her to talk.
3.心理状态的动词consider, declare, find, prove, believe, discover, feel, judge, suppose等。
We found him to be dishonest.(to be可以同时省略)
4.短语动词long for, would like, prepare for, wait for, call on等。
The Party has called on us to learn from Lei Feng.
定语（体现形容词特征）
It’s time to go to bed.
Have you anything to say for yourself
I have no wish to quarrel with you.
I’ve brought this chair to sit in. (vi + 介词)
You’ve given me much to think about.
He’s always the first to come and the last to leave.
状语（体现副词特征）
1.目的状语(句首或句末)
He was running to catch the bus.
She opened the door for the children to come in.
I took my shoes to be mended.
He went early in order/ so as not to miss the train.
(In order) To draw maps properly, you need a special pencil.
2.结果状语（句末）
She went abroad, never to return.
Would you be so kind as to lend me some money
He is such as fool as to think he is right there.
The ice is thick enough to walk on.
That’s much too heavy for you to lift.
She woke up early to find it was raining.
I got to the station only to be told the train had gone.
3.原因状语（句末）
He laughed to see such fun.
She seemed surprised to meet us.
I pretended to be happy to know him.(原因)
I pretended to be happy to stop my mother from worrying.(目的)
原因不定式与目的不定式的区别：（1）如果不定式前可以加上in order或，就是目的状语；（2）如果表示目的不定式结构表示的动作后于谓语动词的动作；如果表示原因，不定式结构表示的动作先于谓语动词的动作。
*关于不定式与形容词搭配
A．句子的主语是不定式结构的逻辑主语。
表示喜怒哀乐的形容词angry, glad, happy, proud, sorry, thankful, astonished, delighted, disappointed, excited, interested, moved, pleased, satisfied, surprised, worried等；
He was delighted to see his old friend again.
表示运气的形容词lucky, fortunate等；
We are lucky to make such a good friend.
表示心理状态、个人态度的形容词afraid, anxious, determined, eager, free, ready, willing, prepared, able, disable等；
She was afraid to go out at night.
(4) 表示可能性、确定性的形容词likely, certain, sure;
*He is likely to see Marry.= He will probably see Marry.
=It is likely that he will see Marry.
*She’s certain to do well in the exam.= She will certainly do well in the exam.
= It is certain that she will do well in the exam.
*James was sure to need help.= James will surely need help.
=James will need help, that’s sure.
(5)表示性格特征、行为表现的形容词brave, clever, cruel, foolish, good, honest, kind, lazy, modest, nice, polite, rude, selfish, silly, stupid, wise等；
John was careless to break the cup.
=It was careless of John to break the cup.
转换成由how引导的感叹句时，it is/was常省略，如上句：
How careless of John to break the cup!
B．句子的主语是不定式结构的逻辑宾语。
（1）能转换的
Mary is easy to teach.
=To teach Mary is easy.
=It is easy to teach Mary.
Mary is easy for you to teach.
=It is easy for you to teach Mary.
=For you to teach Mary is easy.
Mary is an easy pupil for you to teach.
=Mary is a pupil easy for you to teach.
这类句型中的形容词通常为cheap, dangerous, difficult, easy, expensive, impossible, funny, interesting, pleasant, hard, important, improper, nice, splendid, strange, useful等。
如果不定式为不及物动词，则要加上介词或副词，如：
Mary is pleasant to talk to.
Foreign countries are often exciting to go to.
（2）不能转换的
The coffee is bitter to taste.
The grass is very smooth to walk on.
This map is clear to read.
These cookies are tasty to eat.
注意：不定式有时用被动语态与主动语态没有区别，如：
This is too important a matter to leave/ to be left until tomorrow.
These books are not strong enough to use/ to be used as a platform.
There is so much work to do/ to be done.
