牛津英语8B Unit 1 Past and present （1-5课时）教案[下学期]
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| 名称 | 牛津英语8B Unit 1 Past and present （1-5课时）教案[下学期] |  | |
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| 科目 | 英语 | ||
| 更新时间 | 2009-03-17 14:58:00 | ||
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8B Unit 1 (第1-5课时)教案
Unit 1 The 1st period
Content: Grammar (一)
Teaching aims:
1. To learn some new words.
2. To learn the use of the present perfect tense.
3. To understand the difference between the present perfect tense and the simple past tense.
Important and difficult points:
The use if the perfect tense: have/ has +p.p.
Teaching Procedures:
Step1.Teach the new words from P8 to P12.
Step 2.Lead in the present perfect tense.
T:When did you have breakfast S:I had breaskfast an hour ago.
T:He had breakfast an hour ago.He has had breakfast.(Bb)
T:Where did you study English last term
S:We studied English in Shaxi No.2 Middle School.
T:Yes.You studied English in Shaxi No.2 Middle School.You have studied here for about two years.(Bb)
→我们用一般过去时谈论过去发生的动作,但当过去发生的动作和现在有联系有影响时,我们用现在完成时态.(Refer to P9)
→Structure: have/has+V(过分)
Step 3.How we form the past participles of verbs P10 (Add the simple past forms)
Add:have---had---had hear---heard---heard buy---bought---bought go---went---gone do---did----done eat---ate---eaten forget---forgot---forgotten cut---cut---cut read---read---read
Step 4.Explain the use of the present perfect tense.
(一)基本用法:
1.到现在为止这段时间已发生的情况.动作从过去延续到现在.
eg. She has been ill for three days. (She’s been…)
We have learned 2,000 English words. (We’ve …)
2.某个动作虽是过去发生,但其后果和影响及于现在.
eg. Thanks you.I’ve had my supper.(现在用不着吃)
Tom has seen the film.(对这部电影有所了解)
(二)时间状语:already,yet(否,疑),since,ever,never,just,before(句尾),for+时间段,recently
eg. She has already finished her work.
I have ever heard about it.
Step 5.Change the above sentence patterns to general questions, negative sentences and question the underlined parts.
Step 6.Make sentences P10 A1
Step 7. Compare the difference between the present perfect tense and the simple past tense.
现在完成时的特点是某一动作发生与现在有联系,一般过去时则单纯谈过去发生的某一动作,不涉及对现在的影响.
eg.Simon has lost his watch./Simon lost his watch.
Have you bought a pen /When did you buy the pen
What did you have for lunch /Have you had lunch etc
注:句中有表示过去的时间状语如yesterday,last week,…ago etc,不能用现完.
Step 8.Chat time P11,A2
Step 9.Assignment
Unit 1 The 2nd period
Content:Grammar (二)
Teaching aims：
1. To learn some new words.
2. To learn the use of the present perfect tense.
3. To understand the difference between “since” and “for”
Important and difficult points:
The differences: have been to & have gone toSince & for…
Teaching Procedures:
Step1.Dictate the new words from P8 to P12
Step2.Teach the new words from P1 to P7.
Step3.Check the homework.
Step4.Review the present perfect tense.
→Structure: have/has+V(过去分词)
Past participle: 规则动词的过去分词与过去式相同。
Add some irregular verbs.
teach---taught---taught bring---brought---brought
get—got—got know--knew—known grow—grew--grown
ind--found—found hold—held—held show—showed--shown
keep---kept---kept leave---left---left lose---lost---lost
run---ran---run swim---swam—swum
drive—drove--driven begin—began--begun
Step5.Review 时间状语 already/yet, never/ever 的用法。
Step6.Explain the use of some words.
(1).for 和 since 的区别。
for 和表示一段时间的词组连用。eg. for six hours/nine days/ two weeks/thirty years
since 和表示过去某一时刻的词或词组连用。
eg. since nine o’clock this morning / last summer/ three weeks ago/September
since 还可以引导时间状语从句，表示“自从…..以来”。
eg. 自从他出生以来，他就住在这儿。He has lived here since he was born.
自从我离开学校，我给他写过两次信。I have written to him twice since I left school.
We have been friends for five years. (1.用 since 改写句子 2.划线提问)
We have been friends since 2000/ five years ago. (+时间点)
I have known him for two months. (同上)
(2).just 的用法
just 作“刚刚”解时，多和现在完成时连用。
eg. I have just finished lunch. 我刚吃过午饭。
The two visitors have just arrived. 两位来访者刚刚到达。
just now “刚才”， 动词只能用过去时态。
They gave it to me just now. 他们刚才将它给了我。
(3).have gone to 去了（没回来）
have been to 去过，到过 （已回来）
eg. He has been to Beijing. 他到过北京。（现在他不在北京）
He has gone to Beijing. 他上北京去了。（现在他不在这里）
Where have you I have to the park.
Where is he He has to the library.
Step7. Do exercises on P13.
Step8.Assignment
Unit 1 The 3rd period
Content: Grammar (三)
Teaching aims：
1To learn some new words.
2. To learn the use of the present perfect tense.
Important and difficult points:
短暂性动词（瞬间性动词）由于动作不能延续，故不能与表示一段时间的状语for…或since…连用。常见的短暂性动词有：go, come, borrow, open, close, stop, join, marry, die, become, arrive, reach, begin, start, leave, receive, buy, put, lose，lend, find,
finish等。如果表达上述短暂性动词“继续多长时间”的概念，则需要改用与之相应的表示状态的系表结构，这种系表结构多为 be+ 形容词（副词、介词短语等）构成
Teaching Procedures:
Step1.Dictate the new words from P1 to P7
Step2.Teach the new words from P13 to P19.
Step3.Check the homework.
Step4.Add some irregular verbs.
become—became---become choose—chose—chosen
cost—cost—cost drink—drank—drunk feel—felt—felt
give—gave—given grow—grew—grown hurt---hurt—hurt
lend---lent---lent pay---paid---paid meet---met---met
Step5. Explain the grammer.
短暂性动词（瞬间性动词）由于动作不能延续，故不能与表示一段时间的状语for…或since…连用。常见的短暂性动词有：go, come,
borrow, open, close, stop, join, marry, die, become, arrive, reach, begin, start, leave, receive, buy, put, lose，lend, find, finish等。如果表达上述短暂性动词“继续多长时间”的概念，则需要改用与之相应的表示状态的系表结构，这种系表结构多为 be+
形容词（副词、介词短语等）构成，试比较：
误：He has come here for seven years.
正：He has been here for seven years.
He came here seven years ago.
误：This factory has opened for several years.
正：This factory has been open for several years.(open是形容词，表示“开”的状态。)
This factory opened several years ago.( close→be closed 用法同上)
类似的词还有：die→be dead
误： His father has died for two months.
正： His father has been dead for two months/since two months ago.
His father died two months ago.
buy→have
误： Sam has bought the knife for a week .
正： Sam has had the knife for a week /since a week ago.
Sam bought the knife a week ago.
get up→be up
误： Xiao Ming has got up for an hour.
正： Xiao Ming has been up for an hour.
Xiao Ming got up an hour ago.
leave→be away from
误： She has left here for two years.
正： She has been away from here for two years.
She left here two years ago.
borrow→keep
误： Tom has borrowed the book for two days.
正： Tom has kept the book for two days.
Tom borrowed the book the day before yesterday.
join→be in +组织/ be a …..成员
误： My brother has joined the League /army /Party for 10 years.
正： My brother has been in the League /army /Party for 10 years/since 1995.
或 My brother has been a League member/ soldier/Party member
for 10 years/since1995.
My brother joined the League /army /Party in 1995.
start/ begin →be on
误： The film has begun for ten minutes.
正： The film has been on for ten minutes.
The film began ten minutes ago.
come back→be back
误： He has come back for three days.
正： He has been back for three days.
He came back three days ago.
marry→be married
误： They have married for 15 years.
正： They have been married for 15 years.
They got married 15 years ago.
Step6. Assignment
Unit 1 the 4th period
Content: Comic strip & Welcome to the unit
Teaching aims:
1 To introduce the concept of situations that started in the past and are continuing in the present
2 To in introduce the grammatical concept of the present perfect tense by focusing on a timeline and ordering information chronologically.
Teaching procedures:
Step 1: Dictate new words from “ own” to “check”.
Step 2: Review the present perfect tense(三)
1) Translate some sentences (oral practice)
2) Correct mistakes
1 He has come back for two hours
2 Jimmy wrote to me since last week.
3 They got married since 10 years ago.
4 Kate has joined the league for three years.
5 We have never gone to Japan.
6 How long has he gone there –Since last Friday.
7 He has written two books since he has worked here.
8 How long did you go to the USA –Five years ago.
Step 3: Warm-up activities
1) Listen to a short dialogue and think about the following questions:
a What did Eddie do Why
b How has Eddie changed
c How has Hobo changed
2) Listen to the dialogue again and try to repeat after the tape
3) Read the dialogue together and understand the meaning of the dialogue.
4) Change some sentence patterns according to the dialogue
Eg: I ‘ve eaten it ------ I haven’t eaten it .-----
Have you eaten it Yes,I have /No,I haven’t.
5) Read it again and try to recite it .
Step 4: Welcome to the unit
A Transport at different times
Write the correct names under the pictures.
B Back to the past
Complete the timeline.
Make sentences according to the time table
Eg: The peak tram has been in service since 1890/for 25 years.
People began to use the peak tram in 1890.
Step 5 Assignment
Unit 1 The 5th period
Content: Reading (一)
Teaching aims:
1 To recognize types of questions used in interviews.
2 To recognize extended answers to open questions.
3 To infer general meaning from title and context.
Important and difficult points:
The understanding of the reading
Some useful expressions
Teaching procedures:
Step 1: Dictate some past participles.
Step 2: Review the dialogue .
Step 3: Read the text and find the answer the following questions.
1) How long has Mr Dong known the Kowloon Walled City
2) When did they move out of it why
3) How has the place changed
4) What was a problem before the closing of the old airport
5) How does he think about the life now
Step 4: Do the exercise on page 6 C1 and correct the false statement.
Step 5: Learn the first half of the text and explain some useful expressions.
1 used to do/be ；过去常常做－/是―― eg: He used to be a teacher.
Be/get used to doing—现在习惯于做――
eg: He is used to having noodles for breakfast.
2 in fact . I thought this answer was right .in fact ,it’s wrong.
3 live in a block live together/there live on the fifth floor
4 get married to sb = marry sb . 与某人结婚。
Eg: Tom got married to Mary last year =Tom married Mary last year.
They got married last year.
5 until 直到―― not ---until 直到――才――
eg : He did his homework until 7 o’clock yesterday evening.
He didn’t do his homework until 7 o’clock yesterday evening.
6 actually adv. adj-actual 真实的 ，实际的
eg ; what were his actual words What did he actually say
7 change a lot change :v. Our city has changed a lot .
change n. Great changes have taken place in our city .
( the changes to the Kowloon Walled City , the answer to – the key
to—the entrance to--)
8 turn into –变成――eg. Water turns into ice when it freezes
The shop has turned into a hotel .
9 own v. 拥有 eg: I own a shop
adj 自己的 I have my own shop. / of one’s own: I have a shop of my own
on one’s own =by oneself =alone 独立，单独
He has worked on his own for three years.
Step 6 Listen to the tape and read the learned part of the text .
Step 7 Do the exercise on page 6 B
Match the words on the right with the meanings on the right.
Step 8 Assignment
Unit 1 The 1st period
Content: Grammar (一)
Teaching aims:
1. To learn some new words.
2. To learn the use of the present perfect tense.
3. To understand the difference between the present perfect tense and the simple past tense.
Important and difficult points:
The use if the perfect tense: have/ has +p.p.
Teaching Procedures:
Step1.Teach the new words from P8 to P12.
Step 2.Lead in the present perfect tense.
T:When did you have breakfast S:I had breaskfast an hour ago.
T:He had breakfast an hour ago.He has had breakfast.(Bb)
T:Where did you study English last term
S:We studied English in Shaxi No.2 Middle School.
T:Yes.You studied English in Shaxi No.2 Middle School.You have studied here for about two years.(Bb)
→我们用一般过去时谈论过去发生的动作,但当过去发生的动作和现在有联系有影响时,我们用现在完成时态.(Refer to P9)
→Structure: have/has+V(过分)
Step 3.How we form the past participles of verbs P10 (Add the simple past forms)
Add:have---had---had hear---heard---heard buy---bought---bought go---went---gone do---did----done eat---ate---eaten forget---forgot---forgotten cut---cut---cut read---read---read
Step 4.Explain the use of the present perfect tense.
(一)基本用法:
1.到现在为止这段时间已发生的情况.动作从过去延续到现在.
eg. She has been ill for three days. (She’s been…)
We have learned 2,000 English words. (We’ve …)
2.某个动作虽是过去发生,但其后果和影响及于现在.
eg. Thanks you.I’ve had my supper.(现在用不着吃)
Tom has seen the film.(对这部电影有所了解)
(二)时间状语:already,yet(否,疑),since,ever,never,just,before(句尾),for+时间段,recently
eg. She has already finished her work.
I have ever heard about it.
Step 5.Change the above sentence patterns to general questions, negative sentences and question the underlined parts.
Step 6.Make sentences P10 A1
Step 7. Compare the difference between the present perfect tense and the simple past tense.
现在完成时的特点是某一动作发生与现在有联系,一般过去时则单纯谈过去发生的某一动作,不涉及对现在的影响.
eg.Simon has lost his watch./Simon lost his watch.
Have you bought a pen /When did you buy the pen
What did you have for lunch /Have you had lunch etc
注:句中有表示过去的时间状语如yesterday,last week,…ago etc,不能用现完.
Step 8.Chat time P11,A2
Step 9.Assignment
Unit 1 The 2nd period
Content:Grammar (二)
Teaching aims：
1. To learn some new words.
2. To learn the use of the present perfect tense.
3. To understand the difference between “since” and “for”
Important and difficult points:
The differences: have been to & have gone toSince & for…
Teaching Procedures:
Step1.Dictate the new words from P8 to P12
Step2.Teach the new words from P1 to P7.
Step3.Check the homework.
Step4.Review the present perfect tense.
→Structure: have/has+V(过去分词)
Past participle: 规则动词的过去分词与过去式相同。
Add some irregular verbs.
teach---taught---taught bring---brought---brought
get—got—got know--knew—known grow—grew--grown
ind--found—found hold—held—held show—showed--shown
keep---kept---kept leave---left---left lose---lost---lost
run---ran---run swim---swam—swum
drive—drove--driven begin—began--begun
Step5.Review 时间状语 already/yet, never/ever 的用法。
Step6.Explain the use of some words.
(1).for 和 since 的区别。
for 和表示一段时间的词组连用。eg. for six hours/nine days/ two weeks/thirty years
since 和表示过去某一时刻的词或词组连用。
eg. since nine o’clock this morning / last summer/ three weeks ago/September
since 还可以引导时间状语从句，表示“自从…..以来”。
eg. 自从他出生以来，他就住在这儿。He has lived here since he was born.
自从我离开学校，我给他写过两次信。I have written to him twice since I left school.
We have been friends for five years. (1.用 since 改写句子 2.划线提问)
We have been friends since 2000/ five years ago. (+时间点)
I have known him for two months. (同上)
(2).just 的用法
just 作“刚刚”解时，多和现在完成时连用。
eg. I have just finished lunch. 我刚吃过午饭。
The two visitors have just arrived. 两位来访者刚刚到达。
just now “刚才”， 动词只能用过去时态。
They gave it to me just now. 他们刚才将它给了我。
(3).have gone to 去了（没回来）
have been to 去过，到过 （已回来）
eg. He has been to Beijing. 他到过北京。（现在他不在北京）
He has gone to Beijing. 他上北京去了。（现在他不在这里）
Where have you I have to the park.
Where is he He has to the library.
Step7. Do exercises on P13.
Step8.Assignment
Unit 1 The 3rd period
Content: Grammar (三)
Teaching aims：
1To learn some new words.
2. To learn the use of the present perfect tense.
Important and difficult points:
短暂性动词（瞬间性动词）由于动作不能延续，故不能与表示一段时间的状语for…或since…连用。常见的短暂性动词有：go, come, borrow, open, close, stop, join, marry, die, become, arrive, reach, begin, start, leave, receive, buy, put, lose，lend, find,
finish等。如果表达上述短暂性动词“继续多长时间”的概念，则需要改用与之相应的表示状态的系表结构，这种系表结构多为 be+ 形容词（副词、介词短语等）构成
Teaching Procedures:
Step1.Dictate the new words from P1 to P7
Step2.Teach the new words from P13 to P19.
Step3.Check the homework.
Step4.Add some irregular verbs.
become—became---become choose—chose—chosen
cost—cost—cost drink—drank—drunk feel—felt—felt
give—gave—given grow—grew—grown hurt---hurt—hurt
lend---lent---lent pay---paid---paid meet---met---met
Step5. Explain the grammer.
短暂性动词（瞬间性动词）由于动作不能延续，故不能与表示一段时间的状语for…或since…连用。常见的短暂性动词有：go, come,
borrow, open, close, stop, join, marry, die, become, arrive, reach, begin, start, leave, receive, buy, put, lose，lend, find, finish等。如果表达上述短暂性动词“继续多长时间”的概念，则需要改用与之相应的表示状态的系表结构，这种系表结构多为 be+
形容词（副词、介词短语等）构成，试比较：
误：He has come here for seven years.
正：He has been here for seven years.
He came here seven years ago.
误：This factory has opened for several years.
正：This factory has been open for several years.(open是形容词，表示“开”的状态。)
This factory opened several years ago.( close→be closed 用法同上)
类似的词还有：die→be dead
误： His father has died for two months.
正： His father has been dead for two months/since two months ago.
His father died two months ago.
buy→have
误： Sam has bought the knife for a week .
正： Sam has had the knife for a week /since a week ago.
Sam bought the knife a week ago.
get up→be up
误： Xiao Ming has got up for an hour.
正： Xiao Ming has been up for an hour.
Xiao Ming got up an hour ago.
leave→be away from
误： She has left here for two years.
正： She has been away from here for two years.
She left here two years ago.
borrow→keep
误： Tom has borrowed the book for two days.
正： Tom has kept the book for two days.
Tom borrowed the book the day before yesterday.
join→be in +组织/ be a …..成员
误： My brother has joined the League /army /Party for 10 years.
正： My brother has been in the League /army /Party for 10 years/since 1995.
或 My brother has been a League member/ soldier/Party member
for 10 years/since1995.
My brother joined the League /army /Party in 1995.
start/ begin →be on
误： The film has begun for ten minutes.
正： The film has been on for ten minutes.
The film began ten minutes ago.
come back→be back
误： He has come back for three days.
正： He has been back for three days.
He came back three days ago.
marry→be married
误： They have married for 15 years.
正： They have been married for 15 years.
They got married 15 years ago.
Step6. Assignment
Unit 1 the 4th period
Content: Comic strip & Welcome to the unit
Teaching aims:
1 To introduce the concept of situations that started in the past and are continuing in the present
2 To in introduce the grammatical concept of the present perfect tense by focusing on a timeline and ordering information chronologically.
Teaching procedures:
Step 1: Dictate new words from “ own” to “check”.
Step 2: Review the present perfect tense(三)
1) Translate some sentences (oral practice)
2) Correct mistakes
1 He has come back for two hours
2 Jimmy wrote to me since last week.
3 They got married since 10 years ago.
4 Kate has joined the league for three years.
5 We have never gone to Japan.
6 How long has he gone there –Since last Friday.
7 He has written two books since he has worked here.
8 How long did you go to the USA –Five years ago.
Step 3: Warm-up activities
1) Listen to a short dialogue and think about the following questions:
a What did Eddie do Why
b How has Eddie changed
c How has Hobo changed
2) Listen to the dialogue again and try to repeat after the tape
3) Read the dialogue together and understand the meaning of the dialogue.
4) Change some sentence patterns according to the dialogue
Eg: I ‘ve eaten it ------ I haven’t eaten it .-----
Have you eaten it Yes,I have /No,I haven’t.
5) Read it again and try to recite it .
Step 4: Welcome to the unit
A Transport at different times
Write the correct names under the pictures.
B Back to the past
Complete the timeline.
Make sentences according to the time table
Eg: The peak tram has been in service since 1890/for 25 years.
People began to use the peak tram in 1890.
Step 5 Assignment
Unit 1 The 5th period
Content: Reading (一)
Teaching aims:
1 To recognize types of questions used in interviews.
2 To recognize extended answers to open questions.
3 To infer general meaning from title and context.
Important and difficult points:
The understanding of the reading
Some useful expressions
Teaching procedures:
Step 1: Dictate some past participles.
Step 2: Review the dialogue .
Step 3: Read the text and find the answer the following questions.
1) How long has Mr Dong known the Kowloon Walled City
2) When did they move out of it why
3) How has the place changed
4) What was a problem before the closing of the old airport
5) How does he think about the life now
Step 4: Do the exercise on page 6 C1 and correct the false statement.
Step 5: Learn the first half of the text and explain some useful expressions.
1 used to do/be ；过去常常做－/是―― eg: He used to be a teacher.
Be/get used to doing—现在习惯于做――
eg: He is used to having noodles for breakfast.
2 in fact . I thought this answer was right .in fact ,it’s wrong.
3 live in a block live together/there live on the fifth floor
4 get married to sb = marry sb . 与某人结婚。
Eg: Tom got married to Mary last year =Tom married Mary last year.
They got married last year.
5 until 直到―― not ---until 直到――才――
eg : He did his homework until 7 o’clock yesterday evening.
He didn’t do his homework until 7 o’clock yesterday evening.
6 actually adv. adj-actual 真实的 ，实际的
eg ; what were his actual words What did he actually say
7 change a lot change :v. Our city has changed a lot .
change n. Great changes have taken place in our city .
( the changes to the Kowloon Walled City , the answer to – the key
to—the entrance to--)
8 turn into –变成――eg. Water turns into ice when it freezes
The shop has turned into a hotel .
9 own v. 拥有 eg: I own a shop
adj 自己的 I have my own shop. / of one’s own: I have a shop of my own
on one’s own =by oneself =alone 独立，单独
He has worked on his own for three years.
Step 6 Listen to the tape and read the learned part of the text .
Step 7 Do the exercise on page 6 B
Match the words on the right with the meanings on the right.
Step 8 Assignment