unit 4重点知识讲解1[上学期]

Unit 4 TV Programmes（1）
第四单元　电视节目
课文祥解
1. I’m far too busy to go shopping.
　我实在太忙了，没时间去买东西。
★far用作副词，意为“很”“非常”，常修饰形容词、副词、比较级或最高级，强调程度，表示“……很多”。如：
①He’s fallen far behind in his work. 他的工作无远没有做完。
②Their room is far larger than yours. 他们的房间比你们的大很多。
③This room is far too warm. 这个房间太热了。
④He is a man of far sight. 他是一个目光远大的人。
⑤I’m far too busy to go shopping. 我真的是太忙了，没时间去购物。
★far用作副词，意为“远”“遥远”“久远”，指表示空间与时间上的距离。如：
①How far did you go 你走了多远？
②He always works far into the night. 他总是工作到深夜。
③The plane is flying far above the clouds. 飞机在云霄上飞。
★far用作形容词，意为“远的”“遥远的”。如：
①I like to travel to a far place. 我喜欢到远处去旅行。
②She was sitting at the far end of the room. 她坐到房间的那一头。
③They live in the far south of the city. 他们住在那个城市的南面。
④In the far north, days are short in winter. 在较北的地方，冬日的白天较短。⑤⑥
★as far as意为“与……一样远”，强调到某一地方，as far as还可表示“就……而言”的意思，表示某种程度。如：
①I can’t swim as far as you. 我游不到你那样远。
②We walked as far as the station. 我们一直走到火车站。
③I only walk as far as the foot of the mountain. 我仅走到山脚那么远。
④As far as I know, he will be away for two weeks. 据我所知，他要离开两星期。
⑤As far as I know, she’s not coming, but I may be wrong.
就我所知，她不打算来，但我或许会错。
★so far意为“到目前止”，可以放在句首，也可放在句尾。如：
①So far the weather has been good, but it might change.
直到现在为止，天气都很好，但也许有变。
②I have been here for three months, and so far I’ve enjoyed myself.
我来这里已经有三个月了，我一直过得很愉快。
③I have written to Jim, but I haven’t received his letter so far.
我已经给吉姆写过信了，但到目前为止我还没有收到他的回信。
2. Then I’ll have lunch and a little sleep between 2 and 7.
然后，在两点至七点之间我吃午饭并睡会儿。
★between用作介词，意为“在……和……之间”，常与and连用。如：
①You can sit between him and me. 你可以坐在我和他中间。
②A football match is going on between a Chinese team and a Japanese team.
中国队和日本队之间正在进行一场足球赛。
★between强调在两者之间，而among一般指三者或三者以上。如：
①There is a picture hanging between the two windows. 两扇窗户中间挂着一幅画。
②The animals usually hide among the trees in the daytime. 野兽白天通常藏在树林里。
③I couldn’t find him among the crowd. 我在人群里找不到他。
【注】当表示三者以上的事物每两两之间时，仍用between。如：
④There is a canal between the three cities. 这三个城市之间有条运河。
⑤Agreements have been made between different countries.
不同的国家之间已达成了协议。
3. Every one of them has their own favourite TV programme.
他们每个人都有自己最喜欢的电视节目。
★everyone通常情况下写成一个单词，但在后面接一个表示范围的of短语时，应写成两个单词。如：原句中every one of them。当anyone后面接of时，也写成两个单词，即any one of…。如：
①Every one if the students in the class has passed the exam.
＝All the students in the class have passed the exam.
这个班上的所有的学生都通过了这次考试。
②Every one of the them has their own idea.
他们每个人都有自己的主意。
③Any one of the boys can do what the two grown-ups are doing.
这些男孩中随便哪一个都能干那两个成年人在干的活。
④I like all the novels, any one of them.
我喜欢所有这些小说，它们中的任何一本。
★every用作形容词，表示“每一个”，在句中只作定语，与单数名词连用，着重于整体中每个人或事物，即把分散的项目集中成为一个整体来看待，强调整体。如：
①Every minute is important to us. 每分钟对我们都是重要的。
②There are TV stations in every big city in China now. 现在中国每个大城市都有电视台。
③We make experiments in chemistry every day. 我们每天都做化学实验。
★every与数字连用，可表示“每……一次的”“每隔……的”。如：
①You must change the oil in the car every 5000 miles.
你必须每行上5000里给汽车换一次油。
②I usually go to my uncle’s every three days(＝every third day).
我通常每三天（每隔两天）去我叔叔家一次。
★every可与other+单数可数名词连用，表示“每隔……”。如：
①Please write on every other line. 请隔行写。
②They planted a tree every other meter along the road.
他们在马路边每隔一米栽一棵树。
★each用作形容词，意为“每个的”，强调一个群体（至少两个）中个别的个体。如：
①Each child learns at his/her own plan. 每个儿童均按自己的进度学习。
②There is a tree on each side of the house. 房子两边各有一棵树。
③Each day is better than the one before. 一天比一天好。
★each用作代词，意为“各个”“每个”，作主语时，谓语用单数。如：
①Each of the houses is slightly different. 每座房子都稍有区别。
②Each of the students had his own bike. 孩子们各有自己的自行车。
★each放在主语后，作主语（一定是复数）的同位语时，谓语用复数。如：
①We each have an orange in the hand. 我们每人手里有一只桔子。
②They each have different opinions about it. 他们对那件事各有不同的意见。
4. on与about
★on用作介词，意为“关于”，意味着具有严肃的学术性内容。如：
①Have you read the article on France in the newspaper
你读过报上那篇关于法国的文章吗？
②That book is on an important subject. 那本书是讲一个重要的问题。
★about用作介词，意为“关于”，是一个普通用词，强调一般性和通俗性。如：
①They held a discussion about dinosaurs. 他们举办了一次关于恐龙的讨论会。
②He likes watching a TV programme about school life.
他喜欢看有关学校生活的电视节目。
5. They are writing their own TV programmes for a writing competition.
他们正在编写自己的电视节目来参加一场写作比赛。
★one’s own用作形容词，意为“自己的”“特有的”。如：
①That is my own camera. 那是我自己的相机。
②I saw it happen with my own eyes. 我亲眼目睹了那件事的发生
③The orange has its own scent. 桔子有它独特的香味。
★own用作代词，意为“自己”。如：
①May I keep it for my own 我可以把它作为己有吗？
②I’ll do the work on my own. 我将独立地工作。
③Why didn’t you tell her to use her own 为什么你不叫她用她自己的呢？
★on one’s own是一个习惯短语，意为“独自”“独立”。如：
①He runs a factory on his own. 他独立经营工厂。
②She still lives on her own. 她仍然独自一人生活。
★own用作动词，意为“拥有”“有”，指具有法律上的所有权，其主语往往是人。如：
①Who owns this land 这块地为谁拥有啊？
②He used to own a lot of houses. 他过去拥有好几处房子。
③His family owned neither land nor house. 他家既无田地又无房子。
6. A weekly round-up of what is happening in sports, with lots of up-to-date information.
体育方面所发生的事件一周综述，为你提供大量的最新的体坛信息。
★weekly用作形容词，意为“每周一次的”“每周的”。如：
①They are doing the weekly cleaning. 他们在进行每周一次的大扫除。
②Have you read the weekly newspaper 你看过周报了吗？
★weekly它还可以用作名词，表示“周刊”，monthly表示“月刊”。如：
①I have subscribed to a weekly. 我已经订了一份周刊。
②This is a monthly magazine. 这是一个月刊。
③Our club has a monthly meeting. 我们俱乐部每月开一次会。
★weekly也可以用作副词，意为“每周地”。如：
①He receives his wages weekly. 他每周领一次工资。
②Mr. Davies pays me rent weekly. 戴维斯先生每星期付我一次租金。
7. happen的用法小结
★happen用作不及物动词，意为“（偶然）发生”，指具体客观事物的发生，往往带有偶然的意味，其主语往往是物。Happen不用于被动语态。如：
①This story happened in Shanghai. 这个故事发生在上海。
②A fire happened in his factory last night. 昨晚那个工厂发生了火灾。
★happen to sb. / sth. 意为“某人/物出了某事”，to为介词。主语一般是某物。如：
①If anything happens to the machine, do let me know.
假如机器出了什么毛病，务必通知我。
②What has happened to him (=What’s wrong / the matter with him )
　他怎么了？
③What finally happened to the boy 这男孩最后怎样了。
★happen to do sth. 意为“碰巧做某事”，如：
①Her birthday happens to be New Year’s Day. 她的生日碰巧是元旦这一天。
②I happened to be out when you called. 你来访时我碰巧出去了。
③He happened to be watching TV when his father came home.
　父亲回来时，他碰巧晨看电视。
★It happened that + 从句。意为“碰巧……”。如：
①It happened that I saw him yesterday. 昨天我碰巧见到他了。
②It happened that she was thinking of something when the teacher called her.
当老师叫她时，珍妮碰巧在想事情。
③It happened that he had seen the film. 他碰巧看过那部电影了。
【注】happen注意其否定句中否定词的位置转移。如：“我碰巧身上没带钱”可有多种译法。
　I happened not to have any money with me.
I didn’t happen to have any money with me.
I happened to have no money with me.
It happened that I had no money with me.
It happened that I didn’t have any money with me.
★take place也表示是“发生”的意思，指事先布置或策划好，然后发生，没有偶然的意思，是不及物动词词组，没有被动语态。如：
①Great changes have taken place in our city in the past 5 years.
过去的五年里，我们市发生了巨大变化。
②The October Revolution took place in 1917.
十月革命发生在1917年。
③Great changes have taken place in my hometown since 1980.
自从1980年以来，我的家乡发生了很大的变化。
④He asked me whether the sports meet would take place the next week.
他问我运动会是否在下星期召开。
8. up-to-date的用法
★up-to-date是复合形容词，意为“现代的”“新式的”“最新的”。如：
①This book is up-to-date. 这本书是最新的。
②The equipment here is really up-to-date. 这里的设备很新式的。
★out of date意为“过期的”“过时的”。如：
①Her clothes are about ten years out of date. 她的衣服已经过时十年了。
②This information is out of date. 这资料已经过时了。
9. The programme covers different sports, such as basketball, swimming, badminton and football.
本节目涵盖了不同的体育项目，诸如篮球、篮球、游泳、羽毛球和足球。
★cover用作动词，意为“包含”“包括”“涉及”。如：
①The lectures covered a lot of subjects. 这些讲座涉及的内容极为广泛。
②The survey covers all aspects of the business. 调查包括这个企业的各个方面。
③The exhibition covers an area of 5,000 square metres.
展览会展出面积为5,000平方米。
★cover用作动词，也可以“盖”“遮盖”。如：
①Flood water covers our fields. 洪水淹没了我们的田地。
②Lies cannot cover up facts. 谎言掩盖不了事实。
③Please cover the bowl with a piece of paper. 请用纸把碗盖上。
④A passing lorry covered us in mud from head to foot.
一辆驰过的卡车溅了我们一身泥。
★cover用作动词，意为“报道”“（记者）采访”。如：
①He is covering the sports meeting. 他正在报道运动会的情况。
②He was sent to cover the traffic accident. 他被派去采访了那起交通事故。
★cover用作动词，还可表示“行过”“走过（路程）”。如：
①They covered three hundred miles that day.
那一天他们走了三百英里。
②He wants to cover 100 miles before it gets dark.
他想在天黑之前走100英里。
③I covered 10 miles today. I never guessed that I could walk that far.
我今天走了10英里路，我从没想过我能走那么远。
★be covered with意为“覆盖”“遮盖”，表示一种状态。如：
①The ground is covered with snow. 地上覆盖着雪。
②The trees are covered with fruit. 树上结满了水果。
③The table is covered with dust. 桌子上都是灰尘。
★cover也可作名词，表示“盖子”“罩”“封面”。如：
①The cover of a pot is called a lid. 盖壶的盖子叫作壶盖。
②My book needs a new cover. 我的书需要一个新封面。
③He always reads the paper from cover to cover. 他总是把报纸从头到尾看一遍。
10. However, if you are not a football fan, you might find this week’s programme a bit boring.
然而，如果你不是一个足球迷，那么你可能会觉得本周的节目有点乏味。
★原句中的a bit boring是谓语动find的宾语补足语。find可接多种形式的宾语补足语。如：
①You will find it a difficult book. 你会发现这是本很难的书。（名词）
②He found a lot of people working there. 他发现很多人在那里干活。（现在分词）
③We found the place much changed. 我们发现这地方有了巨大的变化。（过去分词）
④They found him already in the care of a doctor.
他们发现已经有一位大夫在照顾他了。（介词短语）
⑤She fitted the clothes on and found them to be the exact size.
她把衣服试穿了，发现大小正合适。（动词不定式）
⑥I find the story very interesting.
我觉得这个故事很有趣。（形容词）
★当find的宾语是一个动词不定式短语时，这种结构常写作“find it + 形容词 + to do sth.”的形式，意思是“发现做某事很……”。如：
①I find it useful to learn English well. 我发现学好英语很有用。
②He found it easy to make friends with others. 他发现和人交往并不难。
③We find it necessary to get a map while traveling.
我们发现旅游时有一张地图很必要。
★find out是指经过调查、询问、打听才发现事情的真相。如：
①I’ll try to find out who broken the window.
我会想法子查出谁打破了那扇窗户。
②He wrote to find out about a job in Shanghai.
他写信去了解上海的一份工作的情况。
③She found out how much the house would cost.
她打听这座房子要卖多少钱。
④I found out from her that she knew the subject very well.
我从她那里了解到她对这门学科了解很透彻。
11. a bit的用法
★a bit意为“稍微”“少许”“相当”用来修饰动词，也可以修饰形容词和副词及其比较级。如：
①The speaker spoke up a bit / a little so as to make himself heard more clearly.
演讲者把嗓门提高一点，以便使别人听得更清楚。
②I’m afraid I’ll be a bit late tonight. 恐怕今晚我要晚一点到。
③I’m a bit tired. 我有点累。
④The coffee a is a bit cold. I don’t like it. 咖啡有点冷，我不喜欢喝。
⑤It’s a bit cold today. 今天有点冷。
⑥This pair of trousers is a bit too long for me. 这条裤子对我来说太长了一点。
★no a bit意为“一点也不”，相当于not at all。如：
①He wasn’t a bit hungry. (=He wasn’t hungry at all.) 他一点都不饿。
②I’m not a bit tired. 我一点也不累。
③The holiday was not a bit what we had expected.
这假期一点也不像我们所预料的那样。
★not a little意为“非常”，与not a bit意为相反。如：
①I’m not a little tired. 我非常疲倦。
②He’s not a little pleased with my work. 他对我的工作相当满意。
③I’m not a little hungry because I had three eggs and two pieces of bread for berakfast.
因为我早饭吃了三个鸡蛋、两块面包，所以一点也不饿。
★a bit of修饰不可数名词，表示“少量的”“少许”“一点”。如：
①Would you like another bit of cake 你想再吃点蛋糕吗？
②Please lend me a bit of money. 请借我一点儿钱。
③My uncle knows a bit of Japanese. 我叔叔懂一点日语。
12. It’s all about football, including a number of interviews with local football players.
它全是有关足球方面的，包括许多对国内足球运动员的采访。
★including在句中作介词，意为“包括”，表示谈及整体中的一部分。再如：
①Twenty students of our class, including two American students, went on a trip.
我班二十个学生，包括二位美国学生，去旅行了。
②Many people, including my mother, want to buy this kind of cloth.
很多人，包括我母亲，都想买这种布料。　
③Fifteen persons were present, including the chairman.
十五个人都到了，包括主席。
★include用作及物动词，表示“包括”“包括”。如：
①The plan includes most of your suggestions. 这项计划里包括了你们大部分的建议。
②The price includes postage charges. 价格包括邮资在内。
③The class of twenty includes seven girls.　全班二十人中包括七个女生。
④Your duties include putting everything in order. 我的事务包括整理一切。
13. a number of的用法
★a number of意为“若干”“许多”，后接可数名词的复数形式，作主语时，谓语用复数。如：
①A number of boys have been absent some time during the term.
这学期有许多男学生有时候缺课。
②A small number of women are now holding key jobs.　现在有少许妇女身居要职。
③A number of students in our school like listening to music.　我校许多学生喜欢听音乐。
★the number of表示“……的数量”，后接可数名词的复数形式，但其整个短语作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。如：
①The number of the students in our school is 2.300.　我们学校的学生数是2,300。
②The number of the factories in my hometown has reached 100.
我家乡的工厂数量已经达到了100家。
③The number of the people in that city is growing fast.
这些年小汽车的数量在增加。
14. This year’s Beijing Music Awards will be covered live.
本年度的北京音乐大奖赛将现场直播。
★award用作名词，意为“奖”“奖品”“奖赏”。如：
①His painting was given the highest award at the show. 他的画在展览会上获得最高奖。
②He won the award of $5000. 他获得了5000美元奖学金。
★award也可以作动词，意为“奖赏”“奖励”“颁发”等。如：
①The teacher awarded the boy a prize. =The teacher awarded a prize to the boy.
老师颁奖给那男孩。
②A medal was awarded (to) him. 颁给他一枚奖章。
15. 形容词live，alive，living和lively的使用情况
★live用作形容词或词，意为“现场播出的”“实况转播的”“实地”。如：
①The show is going out live. 这场演出正在实况转播。
②The football match is covered live on TV. 电视上正在现场直播那场足球赛。
③Some television and radio programs are live. 有些电视和广播节目是实况播送的。
④There is going to be a live TV programme this evening. 今晚有电视现场直播节目。
★live作形容词用，读作[laiv]，意为“活的”“活着的”，通常用来修饰一个表示动物的名词，但一般不用来修饰表示人的名词。Live是这样用时，通常只用作前置定语，不作表语。如：
①The cat was playing with a live mouse. 那只猫正在玩耍一只活老鼠。
②Have you ever seen a live whale 你曾经见过活的鲸鱼吗？
③That is a live fish. 那是一条活鱼。
④Have you ever touched a read live snake 你有没有摸过活蛇？
★alive为表语形容词，意为“活着的”“在世的”，既可以修饰人也可以修饰物。Alive作定语时，要放在被修饰名词之后，alive也可用作表语和宾语补足语。如：
①She kept the little cat alive by feeding it warm milk.
她给那只小猫喂热牛奶，使它可以活下去。
②The fish were caught alive. 这些鱼被活捉。
★living是形容词，意思是“活着的”，可用作表语，也可用作定语，作定语时，大多置于名词之前，有进也可置于名词之后；另外living可用作名词，常构成短语。如：the living意为“活着的人”；make a living或earn one’s living意为“谋生”。如：
①Are there any living things on one of those stars
那些星球中，有没有一个上面有生物的？
②Every living person has a name. 每一个活着的人都有一个名字。
③No man living could do better. 当代人没有一个能做得比这更好。
★lively是形容词，意思是“生动的”“活泼的”“充满生机的”，可用作表语或定语，修饰人或物。如：
①He had a strange way of making his classes lively and interesting.
他有一种奇特的方法使他教的课生动又有趣。
②The sports ground is lively with all sorts of ball games.
运动场上进行各种球类比赛，呈现出一派生机勃勃的景象。
③The boy has a lively mind. 那男孩头脑灵活。
★live by意为“……靠……为生”。如：
①They lived by fishing and hunting. 他们靠捕鱼和打猎为生。
②He lives by teaching. 他以教书为生。
③They lived by honest labor. 他们靠正当的劳动生活。
★live on意为“以……为食”“继续活着”。如：
①People in the south live on rice. 南方人以米饭为主食。
②Mozart is dead but his music lives on. 莫扎特死了，但他的音乐还活在人们心中。
③She still lives on her parents. 她仍然靠父母生活。
④She lives mainly on fruit. 她的主要食品是水果。
16. The presentation will be held in Beijing this coming Saturday.
颁奖仪式本周六将在北京举行。
★presentation用作名词，意为“赠送”“授予”“颁授”。如：
①The presentation of prize will begin at two o’clock in the afternoon.
颁奖仪式将在下午二点开始。
②The Queen will make the presentation herself. 女王将亲自授予奖品（亲自颁奖）。
★present用作形容词，放在名词前，意为“现在的”“现存的”。如：
①Don’t bother him. He’s busy at the present moment (=at present).
别烦他，他现在正忙着。
②What is your present address 你现在的地址是什么地方？
★present用作形容词，在句中用作表语或后置定语，意为“出席的、在场的”。如：
①How many people were present at the meeting 有多少人参加了会议？
②All are present and all is going on well. 全体人员都到了，一切进展顺利。
③Present at the meeting were our teachers, headmaster and some students.
出席会议的有我们的老师，校长和一些学生。
④All the people present agreed to the plan. 在场的所有人都同意该计划。
★present和gift的区别
present和gift都可作“礼物”解，一般来说可以通用，但gift带有一定感彩，有时有“捐赠”的意思。如：
①I’m buying it for a present/gifts on her 15th birthday.
　珍妮在她15岁生日时收到许多礼物。
②I’m buying it for a present/gifts, so please wrap it up nicely.
我买东西是送人的，请包得好一些。
③This was given me as a birthday gift/present.
这是人家送给我的生日礼物。
④This album of paintings is a gift from and old professor.
这本画集是一位老教授捐赠的。（此句用gift比用present好）
⑤I’ll make you a present of it. 我可以把这个送给你。
17. hold的用法
★hold在本课中作动词，意为“举行”“进行”。如：
①We hold our class meeting every week. 我们班每星期举行一次班会。
②The 29th Olympic Games will be held in Beijing in 2008.
第二十九届奥运会将于2008年在北京举行。
★hold用作动词，还表示“捉住”“拿住”。如：
①Hold my hat, please. 请拿着我的帽子。
②The little girl held her father’s hand. 小女孩拉着她父亲的手。
③The mother’s holding her baby in her arms. 母亲抱着婴儿。
④The winning captain held the trophy in the air. 获胜队的队长把奖杯高举到空中。
★hold用作动词，还表示“容纳”“装下”“包含”的意思。如：
①This plastic bag is not big enough to hold so many buns.
　这只塑料口袋不够大，装不下那么多馒头。
②The plane holds about 400 passengers. 这架飞机能乘约400名乘客。
★hold back意为“阻碍、阻止、忍住、保留等”。如：
①They built banks of earth to hold back the rising flood waters.
他们修筑了堤坝来阻挡上涨的洪水。
②No difficulty can hold us back. 没有任何困难能阻止我们前进。
③They held back some important information. 有一些重要情况他们没讲。
★hold on意为“坚持”，用于打电话，表示“别挂”。如：
①They decided to hold on till help came. 他们决定坚持到援助到来。
②Hold on, everything will be all right. 坚持下去，一切会好的。
③Hold on a moment, please. 请等一会（别挂）。
★hold用作名词，意为“抓住”“握住”。如：
①Please catch (get, take) hold of the rope. 请抓住绳子。
②I can’t catch hold of it. It’s too far away. 我抓不住它，它离我太远了。
18. All the big pop stars will attend. 所有流行乐坛的巨星将出席这次盛会。
★attend作动词，意为“出席”“参加”某个集会、盛会或仪式，也可以表示“上”某个学校。如：
①Who attended the meeting 　谁出席了会议？
②He attended at a meeting yesterday. 他昨日参加了会议。
③They attended the church. 他们去教堂了。
④Our teacher suggested that he attend a technical school. 我们的老师建议他去上技校。
★attend用作动词，表示“照料（某人），看护（某人）”，可与on连用。如：
①He has two nurses attending (on) him. 有两位护士看护着他。
②Which doctor is attending you 哪位医生为你看病？
③Dr. Smith attended her in hospital. 史密斯医生在医院中给他治病。
★join用作动词，也可表示“参加”的意思，但主要指参加某个组织，成为其中的一个成员。如：
①His sister joined the League last year. 他的妹妹去年参加了共青团。
②Please join us in the party. 请一起参加我们的聚会吧。
★take part in指参加会议或群众性活动，重在说明参加活动并发挥作用，该短语不能用于被动语态。如：
①We’ll take part in social activities during the summer vacation.
　我们在暑假期间将参加社会活动。
②Are you going to take part in the discussion 你将参加讨论吗？
19. Two thousand fans have voted online for their favourite songs, singers and music videos.
两千歌迷已经在网上投票选出他们最喜欢的歌曲、歌手和音乐唱片。
★vote用作动词，意为“投票选举”“表决”。如：
①Lots of them had no right to vote. 那时许多人没有选举权。
②I shall vote for Hall because I think he’s the better man.
我将投票选霍尔，因为我认为他是较出色的人。
③He was voted a good member. 大家一致认为他是一个好会员。
★vote作名词用，意为“投票”“表决”。如：
①Not everybody has the vote. 并不是每个人都有投票权。
②The person who receives the most votes in elected. 得票最多的人当选。
③I cast my vote for (against) the proposal. 我投票赞成（反对）那项提案。
20. The results will be announced during the programme. 节目现场将宣布评选结果。
★result用作名词，表示“结果”“成绩”。如：
①What is the result of your entrance examination 你入学考试成绩如何？
② We worked all day, but without (any) result. 我们干了整整一天，可是毫无结果。
③I heard the football results on the radio. 我在广播中听到了足球比赛的结果。
★as a result是一个习惯短语，意为“因此”“结果”。如：
①He didn’t practice, and as a result he lost. 他没有练习，所以输了。
②She missed the bus, and as a result she was late for school.
她没有赶上公共汽车，所以上学迟到了。
③The traffic was very heavy and as a result we didn’t arrive on time.
交通十分拥挤，因此我们没有能准时到达。
★as a result of意为“因为”“由于”。如：
①As a result of the accident, Tom arrived late at the station.
因为那意外事件，汤姆到火车站晚了。
②As a result of warning, nobody was hurt. 　由于得到警告，因此没有人受伤。
③He was late as a result of the traffic jam. 由于交通阻塞，他迟到了。
★result用作动词，意为“发生”“产生”“导致”，常与介词in或from连用，in后面表示导致的结果，而from后面表示产生的原因。如：
①The accident resulted in three deaths. 事故造成三人死亡。
②His attempt resulted in failure. 他的尝试最终失败了。
③The terrible accident resulted from his carelessness.
　那桩可怕的意外事故因他的疏忽大意而引起。
④Flood resulted from heavy rain. 洪水是暴雨造成的。
21. announce的用法
★announce用作动词，意为“宣布”“发表”。如：
①The morning paper announced the death of Mr. Smith.
晨报发表了史密斯先生的死亡消息。
②The news was announced by Radio Beijing.
这消息由北京（英语）广播电台发表了。
③Jonathan announced that he had found a new job.
乔纳森宣布他已经找到新工作。
★announcement用作名词，意为“通行”“通知”“布告”。如：
①I’d like to make an important announcement.
我要发表一项重要声名。
②The official announcement of the cause of the accident appeared in the newspapers.
那意外事件原因的正式声明刊登在各报纸上。
22. Don’t miss it. 希望大家不要错过。
★miss用作动词，表示“错过”“没赶上”。如：
①You can’t afford to miss meals when you are in training.
你在接受训练，可不能不吃饭啊。
②She said she was sorry to have missed you. 她说她没有见到你很遗憾。
③We nearly missed the ship. 我们差一点就误了船。
★miss用作动词，意为“漏掉”“没打中”。如：
①I threw the ball to Jack, but he missed it. 我把球扔给杰克，但他没有接住。
②He shot at the bird but missed. 他向鸟开枪，但是没有打中。
★miss作动词，还可以表示“想念”“惦记”“怀念”。如：
①We’ve missed you badly since you left. 你走之后，我们都非常想念你。
②I missed you very much while you were away. 你不在这里的时候，我非常想念你。
③What did you miss most when you lived abroad
你在国外生活的时候最怀念的是什么？
★miss用作动词，还可以表示“发现某物丢失”。如：
①You say you have lost the letter, when did you miss it
你说你把信丢了，你什么时候发现信不见了？
②He is so careless that he would not miss any money that might be stolen from him.
他很粗心，如果有人偷了他的钱，他也不会发现钱少了。
③We seem to be missing some students this morning.
今天早上我们好像有几位同学没到。
★missing用作形容词，意为“丢失的”“下落不明的”。如：
①He is said to be missing. 据说他失踪了。
②Is anything else missing 还有什么东西丢失吗？
③They are looking for the missing child. 他们在寻找丢失的孩子。
23. Murder is a Country House is a horror film directed by Cindy Clark, a new director.
《乡村小屋谋杀案》是一部由导演新秀辛迪，克拉克导演的恐怖电影。
★murder用作名词，意为“谋杀”“谋杀罪”“凶杀案”。如：
①The murder did out. 谋杀案已经真相大白。
②The police are still looking for the murder weapon.　 警察仍在寻找杀人凶器。
③There were two murders in a month. 一个月中有两起凶杀案。
④They investigated the murder. 他们调查了这件杀人事件。
【注】murderer是名词，意为“谋杀”，强调带有某种目的去杀害某人。如：
⑤He was murdered last week. 上星期他被谋杀了。
⑥The man robbed and murdered the rich man. 那男人抢劫并杀害了那位有钱人。
★kill用作动词，意为“杀害”“杀死”“死亡”，可泛指任何一种主观的或客观的“杀害”行为或死亡现象。如：
①He killed himself on the railway. 他在铁路上自杀了。
②The cold killed the flowers. 寒冷把花冻死了。
③Some people killed the animals for their fur. 有些人为获取毛皮而捕杀动物。
④It’s still unknown who killed the old man. 至今仍不知道谁杀死了那位老人。
24. horror的用法
horror用作名词，表示“恐怖”“极端厌恶”。如：
①It was not anger, nor surprise, nor disapproval, nor horror.
那（表情）不是生气，不是惊讶，不是不满，也不是厌恶。
②She ran away in horror from the snake. 她很恐怖地跑了，躲开那条蛇。
③They were filled with horror when they heard the bad news.
他们听到这个坏消息，十分惊恐。
④In this section you’ll find horror and science fiction.
你可以在这一部分找恐怖和科幻小说。