课件48张PPT。Unit 1
Great Scientists普通高中课程标准实验教科书 必修4
Period1 Reading ComprehensionJohn Snow defeats King Cholera约翰.斯诺战胜霍乱王Warming UpTask 1
What do you know about great scientists? Try this quiz and find out who knows the most.1. Which scientists discovered that objects in water are lifted up by a force that helps them float?Archimedes
阿基米德2. Who wrote a book explaining how animals and plants developed as the environment changed?Charles Darwin
达尔文3. Who invented the first advanced steam engine?James Watt
瓦特4. Who used peas to show how physical characteristics are passed from parents to their children?Gregor Mendel
门德尔5. Who discovered radium?Marie Curie 居里夫人6. Who invented the way of giving electricity to everybody in large cities?Thomas Edison 爱迪生7. Who was the painter that studied dead bodies to improve his painting of people?Leonardo da Vinci 达芬奇8. Who invented a lamp to keep miners safe underground?Humphry Davy 汉弗莱 戴维9. Who invented the earliest instrument to tell people where earthquakes happened?张衡10. Who put forward a theory about black holes?Stephen Hawking 斯帝芬 霍金Pre-reading
Task 2
What do you know about infectious diseases?Infectious diseases can be spread easily. They have an unknown cause and may do great harm to people.People could be exposed to infectious diseases, so may animals, such as bird flu.AIDS, SARS are infectious diseases. They are difficult to cure.Is SARS terrifying?Cumulative number of cases all over the world - 8096
774 of which died
Case fatality ratio (%) 9.4
http://www.who.int/csr/sars/country/table2004_04_21/en/index.htmlAre there more terrifying infectious diseases?There is a disease!That’s cholera!Who helped the people to defeat cholera?John SnowBritish ( 1813~ 1858)
a legendary(传说中的) figure in the history of public health, epidemiology（流行病学） and anesthesiology（麻醉学） Task 3 PredictionRead the title “John Snow Defeats King Cholera” and answer the question below. What do you think the word “King” in the title is ?
A Queen Victoria B John Snow
C Polluted water D CholeraTask 4 Scientific ReportDo you know how to prove a new idea in scientific research? Can you list some stages?
Discuss in small groups the stages in examining a new scientific idea. What order would you put them in?Read John Snow Defeats “King Cholera” on Page 2, and put the stages in a right order.Draw a conclusion Think of a method
Collect results Make up a question
Find a problem Analyze the results
Repeat if necessarydraw a conclusionthink of a methodcollect resultsmake up a questionfind a problemanalyze the resultsrepeat if necessaryfind a problemmake up a questionthink of a methodcollect resultsanalyze the resultsrepeat if necessarydraw a conclusionHow to prove a new idea in scientific research?Task 5 Scanning (Paragraphs & Stages)Find a problemMake up a questionThink of a methodCollect resultsAnalyze the resultsRepeat if necessaryDraw a conclusionWhat cause cholera?Which theory is true?Collect data…Plot information…Analyze the waterFind other evidenceThe water is …While-readingTask 6 SkimmingWhat’s the main idea of the passage?
John Snow was a well-known doctor in London.
The cause of Cholera was polluted water.
The source of all drinking water should be examined.
How did John Snow collect, analyze data and find the cause of the disease and solved it .Task 7 Read and answer:Paragraph 1:
True or false: King Cholera is the deadly disease. John Snow thought cholera would never be controlled.
What’s the topic sentence?FFJohn Snow wanted to use his knowledge to help solve this problem.Paragraph 2What’s the two theories? Which one is more reasonable?The first suggested that cholera multiplied in the air without reason.The second suggested that people absorbed this disease into their bodies with their bodies with their meals. Paragraph 3What’s his method?
What’s the result?Collect data from the next cholera attack to test theories. Try to prove which method was correct.He found the cause of cholera was the polluted water.Paragraph 4When the cause was found, what did the people do？Remove the handle from the water pump so it could not be used.Paragraph 5What is the extra evidence?
Why could the polluted water carry the disease?Two other deaths in another part of London that were linked to the Broad Street outbreak.Because cholera was spread by germs and germs can be carried by the polluted water.Paragraph 6What are John Snow’s suggestions? The source of all water supplies should be examined.
New methods of dealing with polluted water should be found.
The water companies were also instructed not to expose people to polluted water anymore.How did John Snow finally defeat Cholera?As the disease spread quickly, ______ _______________________He marked on a map where all the dead people had lived, ___________________and found out _________________ was the cause. Then he suggested that the source of all drinking water______________ John began to gather information:analyze all evidencesthe polluted watermust be examined.Check the answer in Task 3 PredictionRead the title “John Snow Defeats King Cholera” and answer the question below. What do you think the word “King” in the title is ?
A Queen Victoria B John Snow
C Polluted water D Cholera√Task 8Discuss with your partners then finish the chart on page 3.Post-readingScientific Report by John SnowThe problemThe causeThe methodThe resultsIdea 1or2，whyThe conclusionNobody knew the cause of the serious disease of choleraStrange cloud in the air that attacked victimsPeople absorbed the disease with their mealsCollect information from the next cholera attack to test theories.Try to prove which method was correctHe found the cause of cholera was the polluted waterIdea2.Because the information showed a connection with the waterJohn snow was able to defeat cholera once its cause was knownTask 9 Read the passage again and answer these questions.1. Cholera was a 19th century disease. What disease do you think is similar to cholera today?KEY: Two diseases, which are similar today, are SARS and AIDS because they are both very serious, have an unknown cause and need public health care to solve them.2. John Snow believed Idea 2 was right. How did he finally prove it?KEY: John Snow finally proved his idea because he found an outbreak that was clearly related to cholera, collected information and was able to tie cases outside the area to the polluted water.3. Do you think John Snow would have solved this problem without the map? Give a reason.KEY: No. The map helped John Snow organize his ideas. He was able to identify those households that had many deaths and check their water-drinking habits. He identified those houses that had no deaths and surveyed their drinking habits. The evidence clearly pointed to the polluted water being the cause.Task 10 Study the Map of Central London 1853Broad Street Pump Handle 街頭水泵John Snow经过流行病学调查
推论： “霍乱患者的粪便含有能繁殖的‘病毒’，霍乱在人群中的传播途径主要是被患者粪便污染的水源”
1883年，Robert Koch 最终发现了霍乱弧菌（Vibrio cholera ）Task 11 Read the passage again and fill in the blanks:
John Snow was a well-known ____ in London in the ___ century. He wanted to find the ______ of cholera in order to ______ it. In 1854 when a cholera ____ out, he began to gather information. He _____ on a map where all the dead people had lived and he found that many people who had drunk the dirty water from the ______ died. So he decided that the polluted water carried cholera. He suggested that the _____ of all water supply be _______ and new methods of ________ with polluted water be found. Finally, “King Cholera” was defeated.doctor19thcausedefeatbrokemarkedpumpsourceexamineddealing (in 5 minutes)Task 12 Retell the passage according to below:
John Snow was a well-known ____ in London in the ___ century. He wanted to find the ______ of cholera in order to ______ it. In 1854 when a cholera ____ out, he began to gather information. He _____ on a map where all the dead people had lived and he found that many people who had drunk the dirty water from the ______ died. So he decided that the polluted water carried cholera. He suggested that the _____ of all water supply be _______ and new methods of ________ with polluted water be found. Finally, “King Cholera” was defeated.Homework1. Read this text again and try to find out some important or difficult words and expressions.
2. Preview “Learning about language—Discovering useful words and expressions”.Thank You课件21张PPT。Unit 1
Great Scientists普通高中课程标准实验教科书 必修4
Period 2 Learning about language1. put forward: 提出（计划、建议等）；将…提前；把钟表拨快
He put forward a good plan for this project. 他为这项工程提出了一个好的方案。
The match has been put forward to 1:30. 比赛已经提前到一点半举行。
Put the clock forward by ten minutes. 把钟表拨快十分钟。Language pointsput aside：把…放在一旁；搁置
put away: 收起来；贮存，储蓄
put down: 放下；写下，记下
put off: 推迟；延期
put on: 穿上；增加；上演（戏剧）
2. conclude: v. 作结论，断定
The jury concluded that he was guilty. 陪审团认定他有罪。
to conclude: 总而言之，总之
To conclude, I want to thank you for your help.put on speed: 加快速度
put on weight: 增加了体重
put on a new play: 上演新戏剧
put up: 张贴；撑开（帐篷）
put up a poster: 张贴海报
put up a tent: 搭起帐篷conclusion: n. 结论
???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????
From these facts we can draw some
conclusions about how the pyramids
were built.3. attend: v.
1) to be present at; go to (meeting, conference, lecture...) 出席；参加
He decided to attend the meeting himself. 他决定亲自赴会。2) to look after, care for, serve 照顾；看护。
Which doctor is attending to (on) you? 哪位医生护理你？
3）to go with 伴随
The work was attended with much difficulty. 这项工作带来许多困难。4. expose...to...
Don't expose your skin to the sun for too long.
不要使你的皮肤暴露在太阳光下太长时间。
They had to be exposed to the enemy's gunfire.
他们不得不冒着敌人的炮火。5. absorb v.
1) 吸收 A sponge absorbs water. 海绵吸水。
2）专心于
be absorbed in: 专心的，全神贯注的
The little girl was absorbed in reading a tale. 这个小姑娘正在全神贯注的阅读一篇故事。6. blame sb. for sth. 因为某事责备某人
He blamed the boy for his mistake.
be to blame: 应受责备，应负责任
这个错误应归咎于谁？
Who is to blame for the mistake？7. in addition: 除此之外，另外, 意思相当于 besides, what's more
I paid 100 Yuan in addition. 我又付了 100 元。
In addition to English, he has to study a second language.
除了英语以外，他还要学习第二外国语。in addition to 除了…之外(还有) 兼有 “除外”和 “包括” 。与以下短语、词意义相近: besides, apart from, as well as…
下列词、短语表 “除……之外(没有)”, 含 “排除”之意 except for , except , but 另： apart from既表示“除…之外（还有）”也表“除……之外（没有）同义句转换
1）He speaks French as well as English.
He speaks French in addition to/besides English.
2) Apart from the salary, it’s not a bad job.
In addition to/Except the salary, it’s not a bad job.8. announce: 公布；宣告 He announced his decision. 他宣布了他的决定。
We have announced our engagement to some friends.
我们已经向一些朋友宣布了我们的婚约。
The government spokesman announced that a new law had been passed.
政府发言人宣布一项新的法律已经被通过。
It has been announced that he will resign. 他将辞职的消息已经宣布。
Finish WB Exercise 1 on page 42 1. examined
2. put forward
3. expose
4. cure
5. immediately
6. look into
7.annoouced
8. instruct
9. valuable
随堂小测1. ______to sunlight for too much time will do harm to one's skin. (2002 上海)
A. Exposed? B. Being exposed? C. Having exposed? D. After being exposed
2. ______ writing the article, Mrs. Curie even forgot her dinner.
A. Absorbed in? B. Absorbing at ?C. Having absorbed by ?D. To absorb in
3. No one has ____ anything better than the plan now under consideration.
A. put up? B come up? C. put forward? D come up to 4. The mother didn't know who ______ for the broken glass as it happened while she was out.
A. to be blamed? B. to blame? C. blamed? D. is to be blame
5. Please give me a call ______ you arrive in New York.
A. immediately? B. immediately when? C. the moment when? D. at the moment
6. Your composition is quite good ______several mistakes in spelling.
A. besides ?B. except ?C. addition to? D. except for7. I care for nothing ______ the one you bought for me yesterday.
A. in addition? B. as well as ?C. besides? D. apart from
8. He ______ the list of names to see that no one had been left out
A. checked ?B. examined ?C. tested ?D. observed
Key: 1—8 BACDADDA Homework1. Finish Exercises 2 3, 4&5 from page 42 to 43.
2. Students try to make up a short passage or a dialogue using as many new words and expressions as they have learned today.课件19张PPT。Unit 1
Great Scientists普通高中课程标准实验教科书 必修4
Period3 Grammar
The Past Participle as the Attribute & Predicative
He is humorous.
(Predicative表语)
He is a humorous boy. (Attribute 定语) Please look at the sentences carefully. Pick out the attributes& predicative of the sentences, explain why you divide them into these groups.
1) I was angry with him for keeping me waiting so long.
2) She is a beautiful young lady.
3) He got worried about losing the money.
4) Sally was so excited at the good news.
5) So many thousands of terrified people died.Discovering Useful Structures ( P4, Ex1)
1) Doctor John Snow was a well-known doctor in London. (attribute)
2) John Snow told the astonished people in Broad Street. (attribute)
He got interested in the two theories.
(predicative)
4) Neither its cause, nor its cure was understood. (predicative) Complete the table with phrases that have the same meaning. (p5, Ex 2)1. people who are terrified
2. seats which are reserved
3. water that is polluted
4. a room that is crowded
5. a winner who is pleased6. astonished children
7. a broken vase
8. a closed door
9. the tired audience
10. an trapped animal P 5, Ex 31. blamed
2. tired
3. disappointed
4. shocked
5. excited
6. infected巩固应用 （小组竞赛） Page44 Using structures
1. Ask students to go through the exercises as quickly as possible.
2. Give students 5 minutes to finish the work.
3. Give them a few minutes to discuss in pairs.
4. One student from each group gives their answers to the class to see which group can get the highest mark.
5. Check their answers. Ex.1,2, P44. Using structures 1.prepared
2. interested
3. worried, continued
4. arrived
5. concerned
6. frightenedListening (P5)1. Qian Xuesen first studied to be an engineer.
2. In America he began to work on space rockets so that he was able to develop a space programme when he came back to China.
3. When Qian Xuesen returned to China he sep up a Space Institute to begin training people in how to design and build rockets.4. In China he has been honoured
as “the father of the space programme”.
5. Steve Smith suggested putting
Qian Xuesen’s picture on Mars when
the first Chinese astronaut lands there.
随堂小测 Choose the best answer.
1. Most of the artists ______ to the party were from South America. (MET1990)
A. invited ?B. to invite? C. being invited ?D. had been invited
2. Cleaning women in big cities usually get ______ by the hour. (NMET1998)
A. pay? B. paying? C. paid? D. to pay3. The first textbook ______ for teaching English as a foreign language came out in the 16th century.
A. having written? B. to be written ?C. being written? D. written
4. Don't use words, expressions, or phrases ______ only to people with special knowledge. (2002上海)
A. being known? B. having been known? C. to be known ?D. known5. Hearing loud knocks at the door, Sam got ______ and opened it to find who it was.
A. dressed? B. dressing? C. dress? D. being dressed
6. All people present at the meeting were ______ at the surprising news.
A. to surprise ?B. surprised ?C. being surprised? D surprise7. They now have a government, ______ by all the people.
A. having supported? B. supporting? C. supported? D. to be supported
8. ______ in 1636, Harvard is one of the most famous universities in the United States. (2000上海)
A. Being founded? B. It was founded? C. Founded? D. Founding
Keys:1–8 ACDDA BCCHomework1. 佳句欣赏与背诵：
①Doctor John Snow was a well-known doctor in London…
②So many thousands of terrified people died every time there was an outbreak.
③John Snow told the astonished people in Broad Street to remove…④But he became inspired when he thought about helping ordinary people.
⑤Neither its cause , nor its cure was understood.
⑥He got interested in two theories.
2. Ask students to find out the differences between the usages of Ving & Vp.p.
课件17张PPT。Unit 1
Great Scientists普通高中课程标准实验教科书 必修4
Period 4 Reading and writingCopernicus' Revolutionary TheoryWarming upCan you name the nine planets in the solar system?
Do you know what is the center of the solar system? Nine Planets In
the Solar System .Mercury 水星
Venus 金星
Earth 地球
Mars 火星
Jupiter 木星
Saturn 土星
Uranus 天王星
Neptune 海王星
Pluto 冥王星Nine Planets In the Solar System:Mnemonics (记忆术)
Mercury Venus Earth Mars Jupiter Saturn Uranus Neptune PlutoMy Very Easy Method: Just Set Up Nine Planets.Can you use a good method to memorize them ?Fast reading
1. What did Copernicus think was the center of the solar system?
2.When did Copernicus publish his theory?Reading
Copernicus’ Revolutionary TheoryCareful reading
Why didn’t Copernicus publish his theory before he died?
Discussion (pair work)
If you were Nicolaus Copernicus, would you have hidden your theory for so many years? Give a reason.P7. 1.Use the reading to help you draw the two theories of the universe.Before Copernicus’ theory
A diagram showing the solar system with the earth at its centreShowing Copernicus’ theory
A diagram showing the solar system with the sun at its centrePersuasive writing (Please refer to P8 Learning Tip)
Writing Task: P7 3.Now write a short letter asking Copernicus to publish his ideas so everyone can read them.
First you need to collect your ideas. For example:
He believes his new theory is true.
There are problems with the present theory.
He has done many years of observations to prove his new theory is true.
Science can’t develop unless people publish their ideas.
Time will show if his theory is true or not.Here is a plan:
Beginning: Tell Copernicus who you are and why you want him to publish his ideas.
Paragraph 1: Reason 1 and evidence.
Paragraph 2: Reason 2 and evidence.
Summing up: Ask him to think again about publishing his ideas.
One possible version:
Dear Nicolaus Copernicus,
I am a student studying astronomy and I would very much like to read your new theory about the solar system. I hope you will publish it for several reasons.
I understand the problems with the present theory. The way the planets move is not what you would expect if the earth was the certre of the universe. It is also odd that the brightness of some stars seems to change. So I agree with you that we need a new theory.
I know your observations have been very carefully carried out over many years. Now you must have the courage to publish them. Science can never advance unless people have the courage of their beliefs. I know you worry about what will happen if you publish your new theory. No matter how people oppose it, time will show if your ideas are right or wrong.
So I hope you will feel you can publish your new theory.
Yours sincerely,
Zhang Hua Nicolaus Copernicus was a Polish astronomer (1473-1543). Born in Torun, he began his university studies in Krakow in 1491, where he studied canon law and Latin and Greek classics. However he also had an interest in mathematics and astronomy. After obtaining his degree of Doctor of Canon Law (教会法规博士学位)in Italy in 1503, Copernicus returned home to Warmia in Poland to serve as Canon (=priest) .
In 1530, Copernicus completed his great work De Revolutionibus (《天体运行论》).Copernicus knew that these findings would lead him into trouble with the Roman Catholic Church (罗马天主教教徒), so he wasin no hurry to publish his theory. He only published it as he lay dying in 1543.
Though Copernicus did not live to hear of its extraordinary impact, the book which first suggested that the Sun, not the Earth, is the centre of the universe is now recognized as one of the most influential scientific works of all time.
Adapted from http://www.library.rdg.ac.uk/colls/special/featureditem/copernicus/1. Surf the Internet and get more information about Copernicus.
http://www.blupete.com/Literature/Biographies/Science/Copernicus.htm
2. Revision
Homework:课件20张PPT。Unit 1
Great Scientists普通高中课程标准实验教科书 必修4
Period 5 Listening and speakingLead-in1. Show students a picture of Qian Xuesen and ask them who he is. Tell students something about Qian Xuesen.
Qian Xuesen is a rocket scientist and called the father of the Chinese space programme. And with the development of space programme, Shenzhou VI has been sent into space by rocket.2. Tell students they will listen to a passage about Qian Xuesen and let them glance at the questions in Ex1.Page 5 Listening I 1. First listening for the main idea.2. Second listening for the following questions.
① What did Qian Xuesen study first?
② Where did he study for his doctor's degree?
③ What did Qian Xuesen do for space programme when he came back to China?④ Has China sent satellites into space?
⑤ How has Qian Xuesen been honored in China?① What did Qian Xuesen study first?
He first studied to be an engineer.② Where did he study for his doctor's degree?
He studied in America.③ What did Qian Xuesen do for space programme when he came back to China?
He set up a Space Institute to design and build rockets to go into space. ④ Has China sent satellites into space?
Yes.⑤ How has Qian Xuesen been honored in China?
He has been honored as “the father of the space programmeSpeaking：讨论将来工作（双人活动） 1. Work in pairs to make a dialogue according to the requirements on page 6.
2. Get some pairs to act out their dialogue in front of the class. Listening II (P44)Read the words below and listen to the tape. John Smith is discussing with Zhao Yang his research into the life and work of a mathematician called Leonhard Euler(1707-1783). Euler(1707—1783) was a mathematician who worked in Russia and Germany. He wrote more about Mathematics than anyone before or since. He invented the new branch of mathematics: topology. He could be called “the father of modern mathematics”.
pure (纯的)
symbol (符号)
∏(Pi) (圆周率)
Sin
cosin
topology
Listen to the tape again and fill in the chart on the importance of Euler’s work.Listening Task P44HomeworkSurf the Internet to find out more scientists and take notes of their life and work
