unit 1[上学期]
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文档简介
Unit 1 Making a Difference
Ⅰ.Teaching aims and demands
1.Topic:
Talk about science and scientists
2. Function: describing people and debating
That’s correct. It’s clear that…
I doubt that …
There is no doubt that…
It’s hard to say.
Well, maybe, but…
That’s true.
What’s your idea
Have you thought about…
3.Vocabulary
undertake analysis within gravity similar paragraph
debate scan boundary incurable engage promise
exploration disable theory seek that(adv.) misunderstand
scientific method observe match predict astronomer
curious microscope telescope punish intelligent patient
be similar to work on go by be/get engaged to sb. use up
go on with dream of turn out be satisfied with
take a look at the other way round on fire
make a difference be curious to do sth./ about sth. / that –clause
4. Grammar
The infinitive used as predictive/ adverbial / attribute / subject/ object
Ⅱ.The analysis of the teaching material
The topic of this unit is “ making a difference”. In this unit, first we can learn about the science subjects and know the importance of each subject. Second, we can get familiar with some great scientists and their famous quotes and achievements, such as Stephen Hawking, Galileo, Albert Einstein, ZhangHeng and so on. Third, we will know how the discoveries and inventions of the great scientists help us better understand the world and improve our life. By knowing this, students are encouraged to study hard, and their love of science and their hope of becoming scientists are inspired.
1.Warming up: It offers us five pictures of foreign great scientists with their famous quotes. By learning their quotes and talking about their achievements, students can know about the key to success and make their minds to be successful.
2. Listening: It contains 4 great minds including the students. In fact, it provides three passages and the students are asked to have a guess who they are, which is so interesting that it may further arouse the students’ enthusiasm in science.
3. Speaking: The students are asked to have a debate about which branch of science is the most important and useful to society. By doing so, students can practice debating skills and use some useful expressions freely. At the same time, they will find that knowledge plays an important part in our daily life.
4.Pre-reading The three questions in pre-reading pave the way for reading.
5.Reading: The text describes Hawking’s disease, dream, achievements and opinions on science and scientific research.
6. Post-reading: The exercises help the students further understand this great scientist.
7. Language study It contains word study and grammar. Students will have a better knowledge of the uses of the infinitive in this part.
8.Integrating skills It includes reading and writing. In the reading passage, students can learn about characteristics of five scientists and their scientific spirit. In the writing part, students are asked to write a paragraph to describe a favourite scientist.
9. Tips Unit One also gives students some advice on how to use the scientific method to learn English.
10. checkpoint
It sums up the uses of the infinitive.
Ⅲ.Teaching arrangements
Period 1&2: Warming up, listening and speaking
Period 3&4: reading
Period 5: Language study
Period 6: Integrating skills and writing
Period 1&2: Warming up, listening & speaking
Goals:
1.To encourage the students talk about the science and scientists
2.To develop the students’ ability of listening for information
3.To enable the students to have a better understanding of the importance of science.
Teaching procedures
Step1. Warming up
Task 1. Class work
T: Nice to see you again. I miss you very much. And I’m glad to meet some new students here! Nice to meet you!
T: What makes you get together here/ get apart with your former classmates
Some of us learn arts/ science while others learn science / arts.
Task2 Class work
1. What are arts subjects What are science subjects
Task3. Pair work
Why do you learn arts/ science
I’m good / poor at…
I prefer … to…
I’m into…
Because I like/ dislike...
I want to be
My parents want me to…
My dream is…
Task4. Individual work
What is your dream What will you do to make your dream come true
Task 5 lead in unit one
Qutoe: Nothing in the world is difficult for one who sets his mind on it.
世上无难事，只怕有心人。
T: There are many outstanding scientists in the world, who made great contributions to society and science. Now please make a list of the names of some scientists and their contributions. Write them down on a piece of paper. After a while, I’ll collect your answers.
(Teacher goes among the students. After a while, collect your answers.)
Ss: What great scientists do you know And what are they famous for ….
S: Maria Curie is famous for her discoveries of radium and polonium and Zhang Heng is famous for his seismograph. ……
……….
T: Well done, I think you are all interested in science and scientists. What do you think makes a successful scientist Have a discussion and make a list of what you have already known and what you would like to know. Discuss it in pairs or in groups of four. After a while, I will ask some of you to report the results of your discussion.
(Three minutes later, teacher begins to collect the results of their discussion.)
T: Who would like to tell me what makes a successful scientist Any volunteer
S: I think a successful scientist must have much imagination and intelligence and he must be creative and hard working.
…..
T: Now open your books on page1, there are some photos of some famous scientists. Look at these pictures and you should try to tell me who they are.
T: Look at the photos now. Who is the person in picture1
S: Albert Einstein.
T: Look at the sentence under the picture, can you translate it into Chinese and tell me
S: 想象比知识更重要。天才就是百分之一的灵感加百分之九十九的汗水。 你不能教一个人什么东西， 你只能帮助他去发现他内在的东西。
T: Good. Do you agree with him
S: Yes…
T: Now look at the picture under pictuer1. Do you know who he is
S: He is Alfred North Whitehead. I don’t know him that much.
T: Alfred North Whitehead (1861-1947) was a British philosopher and mathematician. What does this sentence mean
S: 分析明显的事物需要非凡的头脑。
T: This sentence means most people don’t question the things we take granted, but great scientists will be curious and tend to ask questions that others never think of. Who is in the next picture
S: She is Marie Curie.
T: Do you understand the sentence she said Can you tell me the sentence in Chinese
S: 生活中没有什么可怕的， 只是要去理解他们。
T: Look at the photos now. Who is the person in picture4
S: Thomas Alva Edison.
T: Look at the sentence under the picture, can you translate it into Chinese and tell me
S: 天才就是百分之一的灵感加百分之九十九的汗水。
T: Good. Do you agree with him
S: Yes…
T: Look at the photos now. Who is the person in picture5
S: Galileo Galilei.
T: Look at the sentence under the picture, can you translate it into Chinese and tell me
S: 你不能教一个人什么东西， 你只能帮助他去发现他内在的东西。
T: Good. Do you agree with him
S: Yes…
T: Now we have learnt some quotes, do you know any other quotes
S: Knowledge is power. – Francis Bacon.
T: Good, so much for warming up. Now let’s move on to listening.
Step2. Listening
T: Ok, now let’s do some listening practice on Page2. Today we are going to listen to some descriptions of some famous scientists. Before we start to listen to the material, let’s read the requirement together and go through some new words.
(Read the requirement and questions as well as put some new words on the blackboard—agriculture, gravity, radioactivity, curious.)
T: Ok. Let’s begin. Please listen carefully.
(Teacher plays the tape for the students to listen and pauses the tape for the students to write down answers when necessary. In the end, check the answers with the whole class and give some explanations or play the tape again if necessary.)
Step3. Speaking
Thanks to the discovery of Madam Curie---- Uranium ( show the slide) and the equation of Einstein ( slide ), nuclear power station can be built nowadays. It is reported a nuclear power station is being built in Sanmen. Someone says it is a good thing, while others don’t think so. (Show slides to help the students learn more about the disadvantages and advantages of it.)
Task1 Group work
Debating (Should a nuclear power station be built in Sanmen )
The following useful expression may give the students help.
That’s correct. It’s clear that… I doubt that …
That’s true. It’s hard to say. Well, maybe, but …
There is no doubt that… What’s your idea Have you thought about …
Sample debate:
S1: I think biology is the most important and useful science because it is essential to protecting nature, environment and ecological balance. People don’t live with good environment. So to the root biology is a science to protect human beings. What’s more, no biology means no medicine. So I think biology is the most important science.
S2: Well, maybe, but I think that chemistry is the most important and useful, because chemistry id the key to the progress of the human being. Besides, it is chemical reaction that produces many new things.
S3: That is hard to say. There are many physical products. And physics id widely used in many fields, such as medicine, industry and agriculture. There would be no life without physics. So I think physics is the most important and useful.
S4: That’s true, but maths is the basic science. You can learn physics or chemistry well without a good knowledge of maths. Maths is a tool on science and engineering. Therefore, maths is the most important and useful science.
S5: My idea is that computer science is the most important and useful science nowadays. As you can see anywhere you go, there is computer. The computer is an indispensable tool in our modern life. It can settle many problems at a high speed and help people work easily.
Language points
1) undertake: To take upon oneself; decide or agree to do
着手作;从事自己承办;决定或同意去作
eg. undertake a task 开始进行一项任务
2) analysis: 分析；分解
eg. chemical analysis 化学分析 an analysis of the milk 对牛奶的分析
The analysis of the samples on the murder spot showed some valuable clues to the police.对谋杀现场标本的分析为警察提供了一些有价值的线索。
3) obvious: easily perceived or understood; quite apparent.
明显的容易感到或理解的;十分明显的
eg. It is obvious that she is very clever. 很明显，她挺聪明。
Indeed, there are many obvious advantages to a five-day week.
的确,实行五天工作制有许多明显的优点。
4) within: in or into the inner part; inside. 在…之内在或进入里面；在内部
inside the mind, heart, or soul; inwardly在里面,在心中在内心、灵魂或思想中
eg. within doors在屋内
within oneself在心里
within five days五天之内
remain within reach (call, hearing, sight)
留在附近(叫得应, 听得见, 看得到的地方)
live within one's income量入为出
keep it within bounds保持在限制范围内
5) branch: a secondary woody stem or limb growing from the trunk or main stem of a
tree or shrub or from another secondary limb
a division of a business or other organization支部,支局商行或组织的分支
eg. the various branches of learning各门学科
a Party branch党支部
branch store分店
The company's head office is in the city, but it has branches all over the country.
公司的总部在这个城市，但它的分公司遍布全国各地。
6) debate: a discussion involving opposing points; an argument.辩论关于相反观点的讨论;争辩
to engage in argument by discussing opposing points辩论(通过讨论对立的观点)
eg. beyond debate无疑义, 无可争辩讨论, 争论, 辩论
Congressional debate国会辩论记录文件(美政府出版物)
hold debate with oneself独自考虑
the debates (议会的)讨论报告
debate upon a question 讨论(问题)
The government is debating the education laws.政府正在就教育法进行辩论。
7) mind: n. person who used his reasoning or intellectual powers well
eg. He’s one of the greatest minds of the age.他是当代最有才智的人。
8) on fire (for sth.)：burning with emotion, passion or sensation
Step4. Homework
1. Finish off the WB listening.
2. Make up a column about scientists and their quotes
Period 3 & 4 : Pre-reading , reading & post-reading
Goals:
1. To get to know something about the famous scientist Stephen Hawking.
2. To learn the spirit of Hawking
3. To develop some basic skills of reading
Teaching Procedures
Step1. Pre-reading
Task1: Class work
During the last period, we talked about a lot of scientists and their great achievements.
Can you use one adjective to describe science
Do you know any disabled scientist
Today we are going to talk about a disabled scientist.
Task2. Class work
Enjoy the video and guess who he is.
Does he move his lips while speaking
Task3. Individual work
Listen and answer:
1). How does he make a speech without moving his lips
(through a speech computer)
2) What is it that Hawking doesn’t like about his speech computer
(It gives him an American accent.)
Step2. Reading
T: Do you want to know more about Hawking S: Yes.
T: What do you want to know about him S: his family, his achievements…
T: Turn to P3
Task1: Group work
Skim the text and give one word to each paragraph.
Task2: Individual work
1) How would ordinary people feel when they were told that they had an incurable disease
2) What did Stephen Hawking do when he was told that he had an incurable disease
3) What is Hawking’s dream
4) Read Para3 and Para4. Fill in the blanks.
5. What are the steps of the scientific method
6. How do people misunderstand science
7. What is Hawking’s opinion about science
Task3. Group work
Now we know that in Hawking’s opinion even the best theory can turn out to be wrong.
1. Suppose Hawking’s theory of Black Holes was found wrong by himself, would he admit it Have a discussion and give your reasons.
2. Show the students the fact with the slide.
Task4. Class work
How do you understand the title “No boundaries”
Suggested answers:
Unanswered questions have no boundaries.
science
in thinking.
imagination.
There are no boundaries
between truth and falsehood (谬误)
the healthy and the disabled.
Task 5
Language Points
T: Now you have understood the detailed information about this reading. But there are some phrases or sentences in this reading you don’t understand. Now I am going to explain some language points in this passage.
1. give up 放弃
give in 屈服， 投降, 上交
give away 赠送， 分发， 泄密， 暴露
Eg: He gave up smoking two years ago.
Tom always gives in to his brother.
Please give in your papers now.
He gave away most of his money to the poor.
She gave away the state secrets to the enemy.
2. There is no point (in) doing sth. 做某事没有用
Eg: There is no point in telling the about this as she does not care.
There is no point in wasting time on this.
3. work on + n. / ving. 继续工作， 从事
Eg: He is working on a new machine for office work.
1. go by = pass
Eg: Time goes by fast so you have to work hard.
2. be/get engaged to sb.
Eg: Tom is engaged to Mary.
3. in order to do
4. go on with sth., go on, go on doing sth., go on to do sth
go on 继续， 进行， 进展
Eg: I thought everything was going on well.
go on doing sth. 继续不停的做某事， 一件事没做完停一段时间再接着做
Eg: He went on working throughout the night.
go on to do sth. 做完一件事接着做另一件事
Eg: After they had read the text, the students went on to do exercises.
go on with sth. 与时间点连用= go on to do sth
与时间段连用= go on doing sth
Eg: After a while, he went on with the work.
He went on with work for hours.
5. Nor did he let the disease stop him from living the kind of life he had always dreamt of. 倒装句
Eg: He is a student. So am I.
She did not know who did that, nor did I.
stop sb from doing sth.
Eg: Nothing can stop him from going there.
dream of / about
Eg: He dreams of becoming a famous musician some day.
I dreamed about flying last night.
9. in a way+ attributive clause 以某种方式
Eg: He spoke English in a way every student could understand him very easily.
10. on the other hand
11. turn out: prove (to be) + a./ to be
Eg: Everything turned out satisfactory.
It looked like rain this morning, but it has turned out to be a fine day.
Step6. Summary and Homework
T: in this class, we have read a passage about a famous scientist—Stephen Hawking. We have known that Hawking is disabled person with a strong will. We should learn form him. We have also learnt some words and expressions in this reading. After class, you should learn all of them and remember them by heart.
Homework: 1. Read the reading again and review the language points in this passage.
2. Finish Word Study and Ex1&2 on page82.
3. Preview the grammar—the Infinitive on page 5.
Period 5 Word Study ＆Grammar
Goals:
1. To get the students to reflect on the useful words and phrases in this unit
2. To enable the students to have a better knowledge of the uses of the Infinitive
Teaching Procedures:
Step 1 Greetings
T: Good morning.
Ss: Good morning, Miss Wang.
Step 2 Revision
T: In the past two periods, we learned some important words and expressions. Now let’s do a revision on them.
T: First, please look at the words on the blackboard. I will ask some students to read them and explain their meanings.
scan, boundary, graduate, research, wheelchair, disabled, theory, seek, misunderstand, scientific, observe, match, predict; analysis, agriculture, branch, curious, debate, undertake, within;
T: Good. Now, let’s review some important phrases. I will speak them in Chinese and then you tell me in English. Ok
S: Ok.
(The teacher says the Chinese meanings of the following phrases:
work on, go by, be/ get engaged to sb., go on with, stop … from doing, dream of, in a way, turn out; be known for, no doubt that….)
T: Good. I see you have mastered what you have learned in the past two periods. Please remember these words and expressions after class and I will give you a dictation tomorrow.
Step 3 Word study
T: Please look at the five words on the blackboard. Can you tell me what they mean
seek, obvious, gravity, predict, observe, match;
T: Now you have known the Chinese meaning of each word. Let’s do an exercise to see how to explain some words in English, according to the meanings of the sentences. Please turn to page5. Let’s do the exercise in Word Study. Choose the closest meaning to the underlined word in each sentence. Before we do it, we will learn a new phrase: use up.
(Write in on the blackboard. And give some explanations and two examples.)
use up: use some material or something until nothing left.
Eg: He has used up all his money for the girl, but he did not know she would leave him.
T: Are you clear about the use of “use up”
S: Yes.
T: Ok, do the exercise by yourself. And also translate the sentences into Chinese. You can discuss it with your partner if necessary. I will check your answers in a few minutes.
T: (A few minutes later) now I will ask some of you to give me your answers. And when you answer the questions, tell the choice first and then translate the sentence into Chinese.
(Teacher asks the students to answer the six questions one by one.)
Suggested answers:
1. A 这对夫妇花光了所有的钱去找他们六个月前失踪的五岁儿子。
2. C 大家很容易看出她不高兴。
3. B 牛顿自言自语， “为什么苹果会落到地上， 而不会飘向空中？” 后来他发现了万有引力定律。
4. A 科学家预言在未来的十年里， 环境污染还会更严重。 他们告诫人们如果我们不采取措施解决这个问题， 我们将会毁灭我们的星球。
5. B 哈利观察那颗星球的运动已有多年了， 并且发现每76年他就轮回一圈。
6. A 警察发现这个人的DNA和在犯罪现场提取的不一样后， 就放他走了。
Step 4 Grammar
(Teacher writes some sentences on the blackboard.)
1. He hoped to visit China again.
2. It took a lot of time to finish the report.
3. Please give the boy something to play with.
4. He went home to see his sick mother.
5. Her wish is to become a pop singer.
T: Now look at the sentences on the blackboard. And tell me what these underlined parts are and what function of them in each sentence.
S: All the underlined parts are used as the Infinitive.
S1: In the sentence one, the Infinitive part is used as the object.
S2: In the second sentence, I think “to finish the report” is used as the attributive modifying “time”.
T: Do you think he answer is right or wrong
S5: He is wrong. It is used as the subject. It refers “to finish the report”.
T: Very well. Now let’s take a look at the third sentence.
S3: In the third sentence, I think “to play with” is used as the attributive modifying “something”.
T: Is he right or wrong
Ss: Right.
T: Great. Let’s see the next sentence.
S4: In the fourth sentence, I think “to see his sick mother” is used as the adverbial for purpose.
T: Good. Let’s move on to the last sentence.
S6: In this sentence, “to become a pop singer” is used as the predicative.
T: Now you have known some usages f the infinitive. Let’s do an exercise to practise the usage of the infinitive.
Step 5 Practice
T: As you can see, the infinitive can not only be used as object and subject but also as attributive, predicative and adverbial. Now please open your books on page 5 and do exercise 1. Group the infinitive according to how they are used.
Suggested answers:
1. Subject: (8)
2. Attribute: (3)
3. Predicative: (1), (2)
4. Object: (9)
5. Adverbial: (4)(5)(6)(7)(10)
T: Very well. Now turn to page6 and do exercise2. I will give you one minute for this one. And then I will ask some students to read the answers and translate the sentences into Chinese as well.
(One minute later, check their answers.)
Suggested answers:
1. to be invited;
2. to pass;
3. to consider;
4. to be sent;
T: Ok, look at Ex3. Rewrite the following sentences using the infinitive. The example will help you. First do it by yourself. Then discuss it in pairs. Finally I will show you the right answers.
Suggested answers:
1. Is there anything to eat
2. I need a pen to write with.
3. Do you have anything to add
4. He is looking got a box to put the two rabbits in.
5. It would be a comfortable house to live in.
(If the students do not understand the answers, teacher will give more explanation.)
T: I think you have understood how to change the sentences into the sentences with the infinitive. Now let’s see more exercises. Turn your books to page 83. And take a look at exercise1 on this page. Rewrite the following sentences with infinitive as subjects. This exercise is very easy. I give you one minute to finish this one and then I will ask some students to give me the answers one by one.
(See the answers on page83 of the book.)
T: Do you remember before we have learned a phrase: find it …a. to do sth
S: Yes.
T: In this phrase, to do sth. is the object of “find”. Now turn over your books and see Ex2. Answer the following questions with find it … to …. Two minutes for you to finish this exercise.
(Two minutes later check the answers to these questions. See suggested answers on page 83.)
Step 6 Consolidation
T: Now look at the picture. Who can tell me what Hawking’s dream is from the picture
S: He wants to get married.
T: Right. Do you know how Hawking made his dream come true according to the passage we learnt in the second period
S: Hawking said, “In order to get married, I need a job, I need a job and in order to get a job, I need a PhD.”
T: Very good. Now let’s look at another picture. And tell me what the girl’s dream is and how she makes it realized.
T: Who can tell us the girl’s dream and how she can realize it
S: I would like to. Her dream is to get a doctor’s degree. In order to get a doctor’s degree, she needs to go to university; she needs to study hard now.
T: Very good. Now please tell your partner what your dream is and how to realize it. You can use “in order to” to express it.
(Teacher gives the students two minutes to talk freely.)
Step7 Class work
Exercises高考回顾:
1. The purpose of new technologies is to make life easier ________ it more difficult. (MET99)B
A. not make B. not to make C. not making D. do not make
2. I’ve worked with children before, so I know what ______ in my new job. (MET2000)B
A. expected B. to expect C. to be expecting D. expects
3. Having a trip abroad is certainly good for the old couples but it remains ______ whether they will enjoy it. (MET2001)B
A. to see B. to be seen C. seeing D. seen
4. Charles Babbage is generally considered ____the first computer. (MET1993)C
A. to invent B. inventing
C. to have invented D. having invented
5. Allen had to call a taxi because the box was _______ to carry all the way home. (MET2003)A
A. much too heavy B. too much heavy
C. heavy too much D. too heavy much
6. The boy wanted to ride his bicycle in the street, but his mother told him ______. (MET95)A
A. not to B. not to do C. not do it D. do not to
7. Little Jim should love _____ to the theatre this evening. (MET 92)A
A. to be taken B. to take C. being taken D. taking
8. There are five pairs ___, but I'm at a loss which to buy.(1999上海高考)B
A. to be chosen B. to choose from C. to choose D. for choosing
9.____late in the afternoon, Bob turned off the alarm. (2001年北京春季高考)A
A. To sleep B. Sleeping C. Sleep D. Having sleep
10. With a lot of difficult problems ____, the newly-elected president is having a hard time.(2002年上海春季高考)C
A. settled B. settling C. to settle D. being settled
11. She will tell us why she feels so strongly that each of us has a role ___in making the earth a better place to live. (2003上海春季高考)B
A. to have played B. to play C. to be played D. to be playing
12. In order to gain a bigger share in the international market, many state run companies are trying ___their products more competitive.
( 2002上海春季高考)A
A. to make B. making C. to have made D. having mad
13. The teacher asked us___ so much noise. (2003北京春季高考)D
A. don't make B. not make C. not making D. not to make
14. I've worked with children before, so I know what ____in my new job.
(2000年 高考)B
A. expected B. to expect C. to be expecting D. expects
Step8 Summary and Homework
T: Ok. Today we have reviewed some words we learned in the second period and gave some explanations in English. After class, you should try to explain the new words in English. We have also learned the usages of the infinitive. You should do more exercises to master them. After class, you should finish all the exercises in Grammar in your workbook to consolidate what we have learned. At the same time, don not forget to preview the content in Integrating skills.
Homework: 1. Remember the words and phrases we have learned in this unit.
2. Finish Ex3 on page83 and Ex3&4 on page84.
3. Preview Integrating skills—Making a Difference.
Period 6 Integrating skills & writing
Goals:
1. To revise the language points and grammar-the Infinitive in this unit.
2. To learn more about the characteristics of scientists
3. To write a paragraph about a scientist.
Teaching Procedures:
Step 1 Greetings
T: Good morning.
Ss: Good morning, Miss Wang.
Step 2 Revision and Check homework
T: Yesterday we learned the grammar—the Infinitive. We know that the infinitive can be used as the subject, object, adverbial and so on. I gave you some homework about the infinitive yesterday. Now let me check your homework to see if you have mastered the infinitive.
T: Open your books on page84. Let’s take a look at Ex3 first. Answer the following questions with infinitives. You may think of more than one answer. I want to ask you to answer these questions one by one.
(See suggested answers on page 84 of the book.)
T: You have done a good job. Now let’s move to Ex4. Choose the best answers to fill in the blanks. I will also ask some students to read these two passages. When you are doing the exercise, please read the sentence, and don’t read the numbers to fill the blanks.
(See suggested answers on page 84 of the book.)
T: Good. You all did an excellent job.
Step 3 Practice
T: Now we will do more exercises to enhance what you have learned. Look at the screen please.
Tell the function of the underlined part in each sentence.
1. (1) To learn more about the universe, you need (2) to have a telescope (3) to observe the stars with.
2. It takes time (4) to know a man.
3. Please remember (5) to bring me a book.
4. I have got a lot of work (6) to do.
5. (7) In order to catch the first bus, she got up early.
6. It is important for us (8) to learn English.
(Teacher asks the students to do them one by one. Of there is any question, teacher can explain it to them. )
Suggested answers:
Subject: (4) (8)
Object: (2) (5)
Attributive: (3) (6)
Adverbial: (1) (7)
T: Let’s do another exercise. Choose the best answers to fill in the blanks.
(Show the following on the screen.)
1. to live; 2. to discover nature of the universe; 3. to eat. 4. to be wrong; 5. to pass the exams; 6. to find the train had gone;
7. to catch the train; 8. to get married; 9. to miss the train;
1. The goal of Stephen Hawking’s research is ______ and ______ is his biggest dream.
2. The doctor thought he only had three more years _____, which turned out _____.
3. We took a taxi _____. We hurried there, only _____. We were unhappy to _____.
4. He studied hard _____.
5. Lunch is ready. Let’s stop _____.
Suggested answers:
1. to discover nature of the universe; to get married;
2. to live; to be wrong;
3. to catch the train; to find the train had gone; to miss the train;
4. to pass the exams;
5. to eat.
T: Well done. So much for grammar. Now let’s revise the useful expressions in this unit together.
(Show the expressions on the screen.)
Tell me their Chinese meanings one by one.
work on, be engaged to sb, go by, turn out, dream of, go on with, use up
T: Now let’s do some exercises to see whether you have mastered them plete the sentences by filling in the blanks with the right phrases we have revised just now.
(Show the expressions on the screen.)
He ____ one day becoming a famous scientist. Tom ____ Ann. Two weeks slowly _____. He ____ his ink. If we don’t finish painting the room today, we can ____ it tomorrow. His suggestion ______ to be a good one. He _______ a novel.
(A moment later, check the answers with the whole class.)
Suggested answers:
1. dreams of; 2. is engaged to 3. went by 4. has used up 5. go on with 6. turned out 7. is working on
T: Great. I see you can manage these phrases in sentences. Now turn your books on page 83. Let’s do another exercise to see if you can master them in passage. Ex3 in page83. Replace the underlined parts with the phrases below. You may change the forms if necessary.
(See suggested answers on page 83 of the book.)
T: You all have done a good job. Now let’s move to the next part: Integrating Skills.
Step 4 Reading
T: There were many scientists in the world in the past, whose discoveries and inventions can help us understand the world better. Can you say out the neames of some scientists and their discoveries
Ss: Yes. Elbert Einstein (the Theory of Relativity); Marie Curie (radium and polonium…)
(Teacher collects the names and discoveries or inventions of the scientists and says the following.)
T: Do you know why and how they made these important discoveries or inventions
Ss: No.
T: Ok, today we are going to read a passage. It will tell us what makes the scientists make their discoveries. Before we red it, we will learn more new words in this period.
(Teacher deals with the new words.)
T: Open your books and turn to page7. I will give you four minutes to read the passage quickly and then answer some questions.
(Four minutes later, ask the students the following questions:)
1. Who said the sentence “Knowledge is power.”
Sir Francis Bacon.
2. Who are the two scientists in this passage as examples
Galileo Galilei and Zhang Heng.
3. Where was Galileo Galilei from
He was from Italy.
4. What invention did Zhang Heng make
He invented seismograph.
5. What made Galileo and Zhang Heng become famous scientists
They were curious and creative. They always asked why, how and what if.
Step 5 Language Points
T: Now you have understood the detailed information about this reading. But there are some phrases or sentences in this reading you don’t understand. Now I am going to explain some language points in this passage.
1. Learn from
Eg: We should learn from Lei Feng to help others all the time.
1. be satisfied with
Eg: The teacher is always satisfied with the homework this student does.
satisfy make sth/sb satisfied
Eg: Nothing satisfies him.
3. take a look at = have a look at = look at
Eg: Let’s take a look at your new car. .
4. what if = what would happen if… 要是。。。又怎么样？
Eg: What if it rains when we are at the park
5． all the time =always
Eg: He is a teacher all the time.
6. believe in
believe
Eg: We have to believe in ourselves when we meet problems.
Do you believe what he said
I don’t.
7. the other way around
Eg: She told people that I stole the necklace, but in fact it is the other way around.
1. be knows as
be known for
Eg: He is known for his first novel.
He is known as a famous writer.
Step 6 Writing
T: Who is your favorite scientist
(The students may have different answers.)
T: Now we are going to write a paragraph to describe your favorite scientist. Before you write, you should think about what you want to write. What does the reader need to know about the scientist How can you best describe him or her What is the most important or interesting fact about the scientist Why do you like him or her You can first discuss these questions in groups. Use your answers to write your paragraph. If you want to know more about him or her, you can use a library or the Internet to find more information after class. In class you should list an outline of the passage. When you write your passage, the ideas, words, and expressions on the blackboard may help you to describe a great scientist.
Step 7 Summary and Homework
T: In this class, we have reviewed the useful expressions and the important grammar – the infinitive in this unit. And we have also learned a passage about some scientist we have practised how to write a descriptive paragraph. After class go over all the important points learned in this unit and finish your writing. Class is over.
Homework: 1. Read the reading again and review the language points in this passage.
2. Finish the writing about a great scientist.
Unit 1 Making a Difference
核心知识
1．词汇
(1)undertake sth．从事…
(2)go by (时间)经过；(某人)过去
(3)be／get engaged to sb 与某人订婚
(4)on the other hand 另一方面
(5)turn out to be 结果是
(6)be similar to 与……相似
(7)work on 继续工作
(8)go on with 继续某种行为
(9)dream of 梦想，梦到
(10)be satisfied with 对……表示满意或满足
(11)be curious about sth． 对……好奇的
(12)take a look at 看…
(13)what if…… 倘使…将会怎样；即使…又有什么要紧
(14)the other way around 相反地，从相反方向
(15)be patient with sth. 对…有耐心
2．日常交际用语(描述人和辩论)
(1)That's correct．
(2)There is no doubt that．．
(3)That's true．
(4)It's clear that．．
(5)It's hard to say．．
(6)What's your idea
(7)Well，maybe，but…
(8)Have you thought about…
3．句型
(1)There is no doubt that… 毫无疑问…
(2)Do you doubt that… 你怀疑…
(3)There's no point in doing sth．做某事没有作用或没有意义。
4．语法
学习动词不定式的用法
重难点解析
1．It takes a very unusual mind to undertake the analysis of the obvious．
分析明显存在的事物需要非凡的头脑。
(1)undertake(undertook，undertaken)
vt．承担(工作，责任等)，承办+名词
例：He undertook the difficult task willingly．
他欣然承担那项困难的工作。
1 will undertake the responsibility for you．
我会为你负起责任。
vt.着手，进行，企图+名词
例：He undertook a new experiment．
他着手一项新的实验。
(2)analysis复数形式andyses．analyse vt．
A chemical analysis化学分析
We made a careful analysis of the problem．
我们仔细分析了那个问题。
(3)obvious adj. (more obvious，most obvious)
明显的，明白的，显而易见的
obviously adv．
例：He told her an obvious lie．
他对她扯了一个明显的谎言。
It is obvious that…．…是显然的。
例：It is quite obvious that he didn't do it himself．
显然他没有亲自去做。
It seemed obvious that he suffered from a bad cold．
显然他得了重感冒。
2．There is no doubt that． 毫无疑问 ．．
例：There is no doubt that our team will win．
我队获胜是毫无疑问的。
I don't doubt that we will win the game．(否定句用that)
我不怀疑我们将会赢得这场比赛。
Do you doubt that he has passed the final examination (疑问句用that)
你怀疑他已通过期末考试了吗
I doubt whether he is the best man for the job．(肯定句用whether)
我怀疑他是否是担任那项工作的最适当人选。
3．There didn't seem much point in working on my PhD—I didn't expec to survive that long·
取得博士学位对我来说没有什么意义，我没有期望活那么久。
PhD(Doctor of Philosophy ) 指“博士学位”
There is no point in doing sth．表示“做某事没有作用或没有意义”。
例：There is no point in arguing further．
继续争执下去没有意义了。
There is no point in protesting．It won’t help much．
抗议没有什么用处，于事无补。
that在此处为副词，意为“那么”，可以修饰形容词。this也有此用法。
例：I didn't expect he was that rude．
我没料到他会那么粗鲁。
I have never been out this late before．
我从未在外面呆到这么晚过。
Please cut my hair about this much．
请把我的头发剪掉这么长。
4．Yet two years had gone by and I was not that much worse．
但两年过去了，我的情况却没那么糟糕。
Go by意思是“(时间)过去”。
例：Time went by so quickly．We are already at the end of our summer holiday．
时间过得真快，转眼我们已经要结束暑假了。
Thirty years went by and her hair was beginning to turn gray．
三十年过去了，她的头发开始变白了。
5．In fact，things were going rather well for me and I had gotten engaged to a very nice girl，Jan Wilde．
事实上，事情发展得还挺顺利。我和一位非常好的女孩简·怀尔得订婚了。
get／be engaged to sb．“与某人订婚”
例：Did you hear they have got engaged last month
你有没有听说他们上个月订婚的消息
Tom got engaged to Mary，whom he had met on the train．
汤姆和玛丽订婚了，他们在火车上认识的。
Be engaged in(on)+n．／doing sth．从事(工作)的，忙于……的
例：She was engaged in protecting wild birds．
她从事保护野生鸟类的工作。
Right now I’m engaged．
我现在正忙着。
be engaged (电话等)通话中的，占线中的，相当于美国英语的busy．
例：The line／number is engaged。线路被占用。
engagement n．订婚(to)
例：announce one's engagement to…宣布与…订婚
break off one's engagement解除婚约，解约
engagement ring订婚戒指(戴在左手无名指上)
6．Scientists，on the other hand，Hawking writes，know that their job is never finished and that even the best theory can turn out to be wrong．
霍金写到，从另一个方面说，科学家知道他们的工作是永无止境的，即使是最完美的理论，也可能是错误的。
Turn out to be“结果是”“最后的情况是”+副／+形／+to do／+that．．
例：The weatherman said it was going to rain this afternoon but it turned out to be very lovely．
天气预报说今天下午有雨，其实今天天气非常好。
The lecture turned out to be very dull．
讲座结果很无聊。
Everything turned out well．一切顺遂。
The rumor turned out (to be) true．那谣言后来证明是真的。
It turned out (that) two travelers had been killed
后来证实(查明)有两位旅客丧生。
turn out vi. (为集会等)外出，去。
turn out vt.．(可分开用) 关 (熄灭) (煤气，电灯油灯等)
turn out vt. (可分开用 ) 生产 (产品)，出产
例：The factory can turn out l000cars a day．
这家工厂一天能生产1000辆汽车。
7．Everyone has his or her special skills and interests，and only by discovering what we do best can we hope to reach our goals and truly make a difference．
每个人都有自己的专长和兴趣，只有发现自己的专长，我们才能期望达到自己的目标，真正与众不同。
only修饰介词短语或从句时，要求倒装。
例：Only at that time did I realize its importance．
直到那时我才意识到它的重要性。
Only in this way can you make progress in your English study．
只有这样你才能在英语学习上取得进步。
Only when you finish your homework can you go out to play football．
只有当你完成作业你才能出去踢球。
only修饰主语时，通常置于主语之前。
例：Only you understand me．只有你了解我。
only修饰主语以外时，通常置于动词之前(有be动词、助动词时，则置于其后)
例：She only eats vegetables．她只吃蔬菜。
I only lent you the money．那笔钱我只是借给你(不是给你)。
He only works when he's got homework．
他只在有家庭作业时才做功课。
I've only seen him once．
我只见过他一次。
8．Imagine this：you are twenty-one years old and a promising graduate student at one of the top universities in the world．
想象一下这种情况：你二十一岁是世界最有名大学里的一个有希望的毕业生。
imagine+名词
例：Can you imagine life with out electricity
你能想像没有电的生活吗
The gir1 tried to imagine the gentleman as her father．
这女孩试着把这位绅土想像成自己的父亲。
imagine+doing想像做·”
例：I didn't imagine becoming a writer in my childhood．
在孩提时代，我并未想像成为一名作家。
imagine+名(人)+doing想像(某人)做…
例：I can't imagine her marrying him．
我无法想像她和他结婚。
imagine+(that)…／wh—想像…；想…，推测 (不可用进行时)
例：Imagine you are a bird．
想像你是一只鸟。
Can you imagine how much 1 was surprised to see it
你能想像我看见它后感到多么惊讶吗
Iimagine (that) I have met you somewhere before．
我想以前曾在哪里见过你。
Can you imagine what he is doing
你能猜测他在做什么吗
(Just) imagine (it) ! 想想看!
Imagination (名) imaginative (形)
promising (形) 有希望的，有前途的，前途光明的
例：a promising actress有前途的女演员
9．Since then，Hawking has continued to seek answers to questions about the nature of the universe．
从那时起，霍金就继续寻求关于宇宙特征的问题的答案。
seek+(for after)+名词 搜寻，寻找；寻求，探求；追求
例：They sought shelter from the rain．
他们找寻避雨的地方。
He found it worthless to seek fame．
他发现追求名声是不值得的。
We must seek (for) a solution to the problem
我们必须寻求解决问题的方法。
seek+名 征求，请求 ，
He sought his doctor's advice．
他向医生请教(征求医生的意见)。
语法点拨
动词不定式
不定式由“to+动词原形”构成，其否定形式是“not to do“，不定式可以带宾语或状语构成不定式短语，没有人称和数的变化，但有时态和语态的变化。
不定式可作主语、宾语、状语、表语和定语，但不能单独作谓语。不定式的逻辑主语有时用“for+名词或代词宾格”构成。
1．不定式的用法：
(1)作主语
不定式短语作主语时，往往放在谓语之后，用It作形式主语。例如：
To see is to believe．眼见为实。
It is right to give up smoking. 戒烟是对的。
(2)作宾语
不定式短语作宾语时，如果还带有宾语补足语，往往把不定式宾语放在宾语补足语之后，而用it作形式宾语。例如：
He wanted to go．他想走。
I find it interesting to work with him．
我发现和他一起工作有趣。
(3)作宾语补足语。例如：
He asked me to do the work with him．
他叫我跟他一起做这个工作。
注意：在feel，hear，listen to，look at，notice，observe，see，watch，have，1et，make等词后的补足语中，不定式不带to。但是这些句中如果变成被动结构时，就必须带to。例：
I often hear him sing the song．He is often heard to sing the song·
我常听到他唱这首歌。他经常被听到唱这首歌。
注意：不定式动词在介词but，except，besides后面时，如果这些介词之前有行为动词do的各种形式，那么，这些介词后的不定式不带to，否则要带to。
例如：
She could do nothing but cry．她只会哭了。
What do you like to do besides swim
除游泳外你还喜欢什么
I have no choice but to go．我不得不走。
(4)作定语。例如：
I have some books for you to read.
我有几本书供给你读。
注①：作定语的不定式如果是不及物动词，或者不定式所修饰的名词或代词是不定式动作的地点工具等，不定式后面须有相应的介词。例如：
He is looking for a room to live in ．
他在找一个房间住。
There is nothing to worry about．
无什么可担心的。
Please give me a knife to cut with．
请给我把刀子来切东西。
但是，不定式所修饰的名词如果是time，place或way，不定式后面的介词习惯上要省去。例如：
He had no money and no place to live．他没钱没地方住。
注②：当作定语的不定式所修饰的名词或代词是不定式动作的承受者时，不定式既可以用主动语态，也可用被动语态，但其意义有所不同。试比较：
A)Have you anything to send 你有什么东西要寄吗 (不定式tosend的动作执行者是you)
B)Have you anything to be sent 你有什么要(我或别人)寄的东西吗 (不定式to be sent的动作执行者是已被省略的me或someone else)
(5)作状语，表示目的、原因、结果或条件。例
I came here to see you．(目的)
We were very excited to hear the news．(原因)
He hurried to the school to find nobody there . (结果)
To look at him，you would like him．(条件)
要是看见他，就总会喜欢他的。
目的状语还可以用in order to或so as to来表示。例如：
In order to pass the exam，he worked very hard．
为了考试及格，他学习很刻苦。
We ran all the way so as not to be late．
为了别迟到我们一路上跑来的。
不定式也可以在作表语用的形容词后面作状语。例如：
I am very glad to hear it 听见这事我很高兴。
The question is difficult to answer．这个问题难回答。
“too+形容词或副词+不定式”也作状语。例：
He is too old to do that．
他太老不能做这事了。
另外句子中有enough这个词时，常用不定式作状语。例如：
The room is big enough to hold us．
这间屋子够大能盛得下我们。
(6) 作表语。例如：
My job is to help the patient 我的工作是帮助病人。
(7)作独立成分。例如：
To tell the truth，I don't agree with you．
说实话，我不同意你的观点。
(8)不定式与疑问词who，which，when，where ,how，what等连用，在句中起名词作用，可充当主语表语、宾语等。例：
He didn't know what to say. (宾语)
他不知道说什么。
How to solve the problem is very important （主语）
如何解决这个问题很重要。
My question is when to start．(表语)
我的问题是什么时候开始。
注意：在与why连用时，只用于why或why not开头的简短疑问句中，后面紧跟的动词不定式不带to。例：
Why not have a rest
(9)不定式在句中用主动式还是被动式，多数情况下是容易判别的，但有时的确比较复杂，请注意以下几点：
A)不定式修饰的名词或代词和不定式逻辑上构成主谓关系时，不定式往往用主动形式。
Have you got a key to unlock the door
你有开门的钥匙吗
(A key unlocks the door．)
B)不定式和它前面被修饰的名词或代词构成逻辑上的动宾关系，又和该句主语构成逻辑上的主谓关系时，不定式常用主动形式。
I have got a letter to write．(I write a letter．)
我有封信要写。
He needs a room to live in．(He lives in a room．)
他需要间屋子住。
C)不定式作表语形容词的状语，和句中的主语构成逻辑上的动宾关系时，不定式多用主动形式，这是因为人们往往认为形容词后省去了for one或for people．例如：
He is hard to talk to．很难跟他交谈。
The book is difficult to understand．这本书很难懂。
但如果强调句中的受事者时，亦可用不定式被动句。例如：
The handwriting is very difficult to be read．
这字太难认读了。
The box is to heavy to be lifted．
这箱子太重举不起来。
D)在there be结构中，当说话人考虑的是必须有人去完成某件事时，不定式用主动形式，如果说话人强调的是事情本身必须完成，则用被动形式。
There is a lot of work to do． (Somebody has to do the work．)
There isa lot of work to be done．(The work has to be done．)
请注意下面两个句子的含义是不同的：
There is nothing to do．意为无事可做，感到十分乏味。
There is nothing to be done．意为某东西坏了，无法使之恢复正常。
2．不定式的时态
(1)不定式的一般形式所表示的动作，通常与谓语的动作(状态)同时(或几乎同时)发生，或是在它之后发生。例如：
I saw him go out．我看见他出去了。
(2)如果谓语表示的动作(情况)发生时，不定式表示的动作正在进行，这时不定式就要用进行式。
例如：
I am very glad to be working with you．很高兴和你一起工作。
(3)如果不定式的动作发生在谓语动词之前，要用完成式。例如：
I'm sorry to have kept you waiting．对不起让你久等了。
3．不定式的语态
当不定式逻辑上的主语是这个不定式所表示的动作的承受者时，不定式一般要用被动形式。例如：
He asked to be sent to work in the countryside．
他要求被派往农村工作。
经典赏析
【例1】 (全国高考题)Robert is said——abroad，but l don't know what country he studied in．
A．to have studied
B．to study
C. to be studying
D．to have been studying
[解析] 本题前一句意思为“据说罗伯特以前在国外学习过”，句型为“sb．issaidtodosth．因在国外学习”这一动作发生在be said之前。
[答案] A
[例2] (全国高考题)The purpose of new technoloqies is to make life easier，——it more difficult．
A．not make B．not to make
C. not making D．don't make
[解析] 根据句子的含义及结构来判断，很显然，考查的是动词不定式作表语，而此处前后两个动词不定式呈对比关系，to不能省略。
[答案] B
[例3] (全国高考题) I've worked with children before，so I know what——in my new job.
A．expected B．to expect
C．to be expecting D．expects
[解析] 从后半句可知考查疑问词+不定式用法。expect的宾语是what。
[答案] B
[例4] (全国高考题) Having a trip abroad is certainly good for the old couple，but
——whether they will enloy it.
A．to see B．to be seen
C. seeing D．see
[解析] remain to be seen拭目以待，根据句意应选B。
[答案] B
[例5] (全国高考题)It is said in Australia there is more land than the govemment knows——.
A．it what to do with B．what to do with it
C．what to do it with D．to do whtat with it
[解析] 该题考查疑问词+todo用法。根据句意what to do with it如何处理它。
[答案] B
[例6] (全国高考题)The mother didn't know——to blame for the broken glass as it happened while she was out .
A who B when C how D why
[解析] 根据句意“妈妈不知道责怪谁，因为打破杯子这件事发生在她不在家的时候
[答案] A
即学即用
1．Last summer I took a course on——.
A．how to make dresses
B．how dresses be made
C．how to be made dresses
D．how dresses to be made
[答案] A
2．Let Harry play with your toys as well，Clare you must learn to——.
A．support B care
C．spare D share
[答案] D
3．There are five pairs——, but I’m at a loss which to buy．
A．to be chosen B to choose from
C . to choose D for choosing
[答案] B
4．Paul doesn't have to be made——.He always works hard．
A．1earn B. to learn
C．1earned D．1earning
[答案] B
5．We agreed ——here but so far she hasn't turned up yet．
A．having met B.meedng
C． to meet D． to have met
[答案] C
6．The boy wanted to ride his bicycle in the street，
but his mothertold him—— ．
A．not to B . not to do
C．not do it D . do not to
[答案1 A
7．The patient was warned——only food after the operation．
A．tO eat not B . eating not
C．not tO eat D . not eating
[答案] C
8．I would love——to the party last night，but l had to wotk extra hours to finish a report．
A .to go B．to have gone
C . going D．having gone
[答案] B
9．MrSmith warned her daughter——after drinking．
A。never to drive B . to never drive
C．never driving D . never drive
[答案] A
10．—The light in the office is still on．
—0h，I forgot——.
A．turning it off B .turn it off
C．to turn it off D . having turned it off
[答案] C
11．Little Jim should love——to the theatre this evening．
A．to be taken B．to take
C . being taken D．taking
[答案] A
12．Charles Babbage is generally considered——is the first computer．
A．to invent B . inventing
C . to have invented D . having invented
[答案] C
13·——down the radio·——the baby's asleep in the next room．
A．Turning B . To turn
C．Turned D . Turn
[答案] D
14．Mother——us stories when we were young .
A .was used to tell B . is used to telling
C . used to tell D . used to telling
[答案] C
15. She pretended——me when I passed by .
A .not to see . B . not seeing
C . to not see D .having not seen.
[答案] A
Arts
History
Geogrophy
Politics
Science
Chinese Physics
Maths Chemistry
English Biology
dream
Para2
achievements
Para1
disease
Para1
problem
Para7
opinions
Para1
He makes research into__________,
e.g.: _________________
_________________
_________________
He made new discoveries about _____________ in the early 1970’s.
His book __________________ was written in a way_____________.
PAGE
19
Ⅰ.Teaching aims and demands
1.Topic:
Talk about science and scientists
2. Function: describing people and debating
That’s correct. It’s clear that…
I doubt that …
There is no doubt that…
It’s hard to say.
Well, maybe, but…
That’s true.
What’s your idea
Have you thought about…
3.Vocabulary
undertake analysis within gravity similar paragraph
debate scan boundary incurable engage promise
exploration disable theory seek that(adv.) misunderstand
scientific method observe match predict astronomer
curious microscope telescope punish intelligent patient
be similar to work on go by be/get engaged to sb. use up
go on with dream of turn out be satisfied with
take a look at the other way round on fire
make a difference be curious to do sth./ about sth. / that –clause
4. Grammar
The infinitive used as predictive/ adverbial / attribute / subject/ object
Ⅱ.The analysis of the teaching material
The topic of this unit is “ making a difference”. In this unit, first we can learn about the science subjects and know the importance of each subject. Second, we can get familiar with some great scientists and their famous quotes and achievements, such as Stephen Hawking, Galileo, Albert Einstein, ZhangHeng and so on. Third, we will know how the discoveries and inventions of the great scientists help us better understand the world and improve our life. By knowing this, students are encouraged to study hard, and their love of science and their hope of becoming scientists are inspired.
1.Warming up: It offers us five pictures of foreign great scientists with their famous quotes. By learning their quotes and talking about their achievements, students can know about the key to success and make their minds to be successful.
2. Listening: It contains 4 great minds including the students. In fact, it provides three passages and the students are asked to have a guess who they are, which is so interesting that it may further arouse the students’ enthusiasm in science.
3. Speaking: The students are asked to have a debate about which branch of science is the most important and useful to society. By doing so, students can practice debating skills and use some useful expressions freely. At the same time, they will find that knowledge plays an important part in our daily life.
4.Pre-reading The three questions in pre-reading pave the way for reading.
5.Reading: The text describes Hawking’s disease, dream, achievements and opinions on science and scientific research.
6. Post-reading: The exercises help the students further understand this great scientist.
7. Language study It contains word study and grammar. Students will have a better knowledge of the uses of the infinitive in this part.
8.Integrating skills It includes reading and writing. In the reading passage, students can learn about characteristics of five scientists and their scientific spirit. In the writing part, students are asked to write a paragraph to describe a favourite scientist.
9. Tips Unit One also gives students some advice on how to use the scientific method to learn English.
10. checkpoint
It sums up the uses of the infinitive.
Ⅲ.Teaching arrangements
Period 1&2: Warming up, listening and speaking
Period 3&4: reading
Period 5: Language study
Period 6: Integrating skills and writing
Period 1&2: Warming up, listening & speaking
Goals:
1.To encourage the students talk about the science and scientists
2.To develop the students’ ability of listening for information
3.To enable the students to have a better understanding of the importance of science.
Teaching procedures
Step1. Warming up
Task 1. Class work
T: Nice to see you again. I miss you very much. And I’m glad to meet some new students here! Nice to meet you!
T: What makes you get together here/ get apart with your former classmates
Some of us learn arts/ science while others learn science / arts.
Task2 Class work
1. What are arts subjects What are science subjects
Task3. Pair work
Why do you learn arts/ science
I’m good / poor at…
I prefer … to…
I’m into…
Because I like/ dislike...
I want to be
My parents want me to…
My dream is…
Task4. Individual work
What is your dream What will you do to make your dream come true
Task 5 lead in unit one
Qutoe: Nothing in the world is difficult for one who sets his mind on it.
世上无难事，只怕有心人。
T: There are many outstanding scientists in the world, who made great contributions to society and science. Now please make a list of the names of some scientists and their contributions. Write them down on a piece of paper. After a while, I’ll collect your answers.
(Teacher goes among the students. After a while, collect your answers.)
Ss: What great scientists do you know And what are they famous for ….
S: Maria Curie is famous for her discoveries of radium and polonium and Zhang Heng is famous for his seismograph. ……
……….
T: Well done, I think you are all interested in science and scientists. What do you think makes a successful scientist Have a discussion and make a list of what you have already known and what you would like to know. Discuss it in pairs or in groups of four. After a while, I will ask some of you to report the results of your discussion.
(Three minutes later, teacher begins to collect the results of their discussion.)
T: Who would like to tell me what makes a successful scientist Any volunteer
S: I think a successful scientist must have much imagination and intelligence and he must be creative and hard working.
…..
T: Now open your books on page1, there are some photos of some famous scientists. Look at these pictures and you should try to tell me who they are.
T: Look at the photos now. Who is the person in picture1
S: Albert Einstein.
T: Look at the sentence under the picture, can you translate it into Chinese and tell me
S: 想象比知识更重要。天才就是百分之一的灵感加百分之九十九的汗水。 你不能教一个人什么东西， 你只能帮助他去发现他内在的东西。
T: Good. Do you agree with him
S: Yes…
T: Now look at the picture under pictuer1. Do you know who he is
S: He is Alfred North Whitehead. I don’t know him that much.
T: Alfred North Whitehead (1861-1947) was a British philosopher and mathematician. What does this sentence mean
S: 分析明显的事物需要非凡的头脑。
T: This sentence means most people don’t question the things we take granted, but great scientists will be curious and tend to ask questions that others never think of. Who is in the next picture
S: She is Marie Curie.
T: Do you understand the sentence she said Can you tell me the sentence in Chinese
S: 生活中没有什么可怕的， 只是要去理解他们。
T: Look at the photos now. Who is the person in picture4
S: Thomas Alva Edison.
T: Look at the sentence under the picture, can you translate it into Chinese and tell me
S: 天才就是百分之一的灵感加百分之九十九的汗水。
T: Good. Do you agree with him
S: Yes…
T: Look at the photos now. Who is the person in picture5
S: Galileo Galilei.
T: Look at the sentence under the picture, can you translate it into Chinese and tell me
S: 你不能教一个人什么东西， 你只能帮助他去发现他内在的东西。
T: Good. Do you agree with him
S: Yes…
T: Now we have learnt some quotes, do you know any other quotes
S: Knowledge is power. – Francis Bacon.
T: Good, so much for warming up. Now let’s move on to listening.
Step2. Listening
T: Ok, now let’s do some listening practice on Page2. Today we are going to listen to some descriptions of some famous scientists. Before we start to listen to the material, let’s read the requirement together and go through some new words.
(Read the requirement and questions as well as put some new words on the blackboard—agriculture, gravity, radioactivity, curious.)
T: Ok. Let’s begin. Please listen carefully.
(Teacher plays the tape for the students to listen and pauses the tape for the students to write down answers when necessary. In the end, check the answers with the whole class and give some explanations or play the tape again if necessary.)
Step3. Speaking
Thanks to the discovery of Madam Curie---- Uranium ( show the slide) and the equation of Einstein ( slide ), nuclear power station can be built nowadays. It is reported a nuclear power station is being built in Sanmen. Someone says it is a good thing, while others don’t think so. (Show slides to help the students learn more about the disadvantages and advantages of it.)
Task1 Group work
Debating (Should a nuclear power station be built in Sanmen )
The following useful expression may give the students help.
That’s correct. It’s clear that… I doubt that …
That’s true. It’s hard to say. Well, maybe, but …
There is no doubt that… What’s your idea Have you thought about …
Sample debate:
S1: I think biology is the most important and useful science because it is essential to protecting nature, environment and ecological balance. People don’t live with good environment. So to the root biology is a science to protect human beings. What’s more, no biology means no medicine. So I think biology is the most important science.
S2: Well, maybe, but I think that chemistry is the most important and useful, because chemistry id the key to the progress of the human being. Besides, it is chemical reaction that produces many new things.
S3: That is hard to say. There are many physical products. And physics id widely used in many fields, such as medicine, industry and agriculture. There would be no life without physics. So I think physics is the most important and useful.
S4: That’s true, but maths is the basic science. You can learn physics or chemistry well without a good knowledge of maths. Maths is a tool on science and engineering. Therefore, maths is the most important and useful science.
S5: My idea is that computer science is the most important and useful science nowadays. As you can see anywhere you go, there is computer. The computer is an indispensable tool in our modern life. It can settle many problems at a high speed and help people work easily.
Language points
1) undertake: To take upon oneself; decide or agree to do
着手作;从事自己承办;决定或同意去作
eg. undertake a task 开始进行一项任务
2) analysis: 分析；分解
eg. chemical analysis 化学分析 an analysis of the milk 对牛奶的分析
The analysis of the samples on the murder spot showed some valuable clues to the police.对谋杀现场标本的分析为警察提供了一些有价值的线索。
3) obvious: easily perceived or understood; quite apparent.
明显的容易感到或理解的;十分明显的
eg. It is obvious that she is very clever. 很明显，她挺聪明。
Indeed, there are many obvious advantages to a five-day week.
的确,实行五天工作制有许多明显的优点。
4) within: in or into the inner part; inside. 在…之内在或进入里面；在内部
inside the mind, heart, or soul; inwardly在里面,在心中在内心、灵魂或思想中
eg. within doors在屋内
within oneself在心里
within five days五天之内
remain within reach (call, hearing, sight)
留在附近(叫得应, 听得见, 看得到的地方)
live within one's income量入为出
keep it within bounds保持在限制范围内
5) branch: a secondary woody stem or limb growing from the trunk or main stem of a
tree or shrub or from another secondary limb
a division of a business or other organization支部,支局商行或组织的分支
eg. the various branches of learning各门学科
a Party branch党支部
branch store分店
The company's head office is in the city, but it has branches all over the country.
公司的总部在这个城市，但它的分公司遍布全国各地。
6) debate: a discussion involving opposing points; an argument.辩论关于相反观点的讨论;争辩
to engage in argument by discussing opposing points辩论(通过讨论对立的观点)
eg. beyond debate无疑义, 无可争辩讨论, 争论, 辩论
Congressional debate国会辩论记录文件(美政府出版物)
hold debate with oneself独自考虑
the debates (议会的)讨论报告
debate upon a question 讨论(问题)
The government is debating the education laws.政府正在就教育法进行辩论。
7) mind: n. person who used his reasoning or intellectual powers well
eg. He’s one of the greatest minds of the age.他是当代最有才智的人。
8) on fire (for sth.)：burning with emotion, passion or sensation
Step4. Homework
1. Finish off the WB listening.
2. Make up a column about scientists and their quotes
Period 3 & 4 : Pre-reading , reading & post-reading
Goals:
1. To get to know something about the famous scientist Stephen Hawking.
2. To learn the spirit of Hawking
3. To develop some basic skills of reading
Teaching Procedures
Step1. Pre-reading
Task1: Class work
During the last period, we talked about a lot of scientists and their great achievements.
Can you use one adjective to describe science
Do you know any disabled scientist
Today we are going to talk about a disabled scientist.
Task2. Class work
Enjoy the video and guess who he is.
Does he move his lips while speaking
Task3. Individual work
Listen and answer:
1). How does he make a speech without moving his lips
(through a speech computer)
2) What is it that Hawking doesn’t like about his speech computer
(It gives him an American accent.)
Step2. Reading
T: Do you want to know more about Hawking S: Yes.
T: What do you want to know about him S: his family, his achievements…
T: Turn to P3
Task1: Group work
Skim the text and give one word to each paragraph.
Task2: Individual work
1) How would ordinary people feel when they were told that they had an incurable disease
2) What did Stephen Hawking do when he was told that he had an incurable disease
3) What is Hawking’s dream
4) Read Para3 and Para4. Fill in the blanks.
5. What are the steps of the scientific method
6. How do people misunderstand science
7. What is Hawking’s opinion about science
Task3. Group work
Now we know that in Hawking’s opinion even the best theory can turn out to be wrong.
1. Suppose Hawking’s theory of Black Holes was found wrong by himself, would he admit it Have a discussion and give your reasons.
2. Show the students the fact with the slide.
Task4. Class work
How do you understand the title “No boundaries”
Suggested answers:
Unanswered questions have no boundaries.
science
in thinking.
imagination.
There are no boundaries
between truth and falsehood (谬误)
the healthy and the disabled.
Task 5
Language Points
T: Now you have understood the detailed information about this reading. But there are some phrases or sentences in this reading you don’t understand. Now I am going to explain some language points in this passage.
1. give up 放弃
give in 屈服， 投降, 上交
give away 赠送， 分发， 泄密， 暴露
Eg: He gave up smoking two years ago.
Tom always gives in to his brother.
Please give in your papers now.
He gave away most of his money to the poor.
She gave away the state secrets to the enemy.
2. There is no point (in) doing sth. 做某事没有用
Eg: There is no point in telling the about this as she does not care.
There is no point in wasting time on this.
3. work on + n. / ving. 继续工作， 从事
Eg: He is working on a new machine for office work.
1. go by = pass
Eg: Time goes by fast so you have to work hard.
2. be/get engaged to sb.
Eg: Tom is engaged to Mary.
3. in order to do
4. go on with sth., go on, go on doing sth., go on to do sth
go on 继续， 进行， 进展
Eg: I thought everything was going on well.
go on doing sth. 继续不停的做某事， 一件事没做完停一段时间再接着做
Eg: He went on working throughout the night.
go on to do sth. 做完一件事接着做另一件事
Eg: After they had read the text, the students went on to do exercises.
go on with sth. 与时间点连用= go on to do sth
与时间段连用= go on doing sth
Eg: After a while, he went on with the work.
He went on with work for hours.
5. Nor did he let the disease stop him from living the kind of life he had always dreamt of. 倒装句
Eg: He is a student. So am I.
She did not know who did that, nor did I.
stop sb from doing sth.
Eg: Nothing can stop him from going there.
dream of / about
Eg: He dreams of becoming a famous musician some day.
I dreamed about flying last night.
9. in a way+ attributive clause 以某种方式
Eg: He spoke English in a way every student could understand him very easily.
10. on the other hand
11. turn out: prove (to be) + a./ to be
Eg: Everything turned out satisfactory.
It looked like rain this morning, but it has turned out to be a fine day.
Step6. Summary and Homework
T: in this class, we have read a passage about a famous scientist—Stephen Hawking. We have known that Hawking is disabled person with a strong will. We should learn form him. We have also learnt some words and expressions in this reading. After class, you should learn all of them and remember them by heart.
Homework: 1. Read the reading again and review the language points in this passage.
2. Finish Word Study and Ex1&2 on page82.
3. Preview the grammar—the Infinitive on page 5.
Period 5 Word Study ＆Grammar
Goals:
1. To get the students to reflect on the useful words and phrases in this unit
2. To enable the students to have a better knowledge of the uses of the Infinitive
Teaching Procedures:
Step 1 Greetings
T: Good morning.
Ss: Good morning, Miss Wang.
Step 2 Revision
T: In the past two periods, we learned some important words and expressions. Now let’s do a revision on them.
T: First, please look at the words on the blackboard. I will ask some students to read them and explain their meanings.
scan, boundary, graduate, research, wheelchair, disabled, theory, seek, misunderstand, scientific, observe, match, predict; analysis, agriculture, branch, curious, debate, undertake, within;
T: Good. Now, let’s review some important phrases. I will speak them in Chinese and then you tell me in English. Ok
S: Ok.
(The teacher says the Chinese meanings of the following phrases:
work on, go by, be/ get engaged to sb., go on with, stop … from doing, dream of, in a way, turn out; be known for, no doubt that….)
T: Good. I see you have mastered what you have learned in the past two periods. Please remember these words and expressions after class and I will give you a dictation tomorrow.
Step 3 Word study
T: Please look at the five words on the blackboard. Can you tell me what they mean
seek, obvious, gravity, predict, observe, match;
T: Now you have known the Chinese meaning of each word. Let’s do an exercise to see how to explain some words in English, according to the meanings of the sentences. Please turn to page5. Let’s do the exercise in Word Study. Choose the closest meaning to the underlined word in each sentence. Before we do it, we will learn a new phrase: use up.
(Write in on the blackboard. And give some explanations and two examples.)
use up: use some material or something until nothing left.
Eg: He has used up all his money for the girl, but he did not know she would leave him.
T: Are you clear about the use of “use up”
S: Yes.
T: Ok, do the exercise by yourself. And also translate the sentences into Chinese. You can discuss it with your partner if necessary. I will check your answers in a few minutes.
T: (A few minutes later) now I will ask some of you to give me your answers. And when you answer the questions, tell the choice first and then translate the sentence into Chinese.
(Teacher asks the students to answer the six questions one by one.)
Suggested answers:
1. A 这对夫妇花光了所有的钱去找他们六个月前失踪的五岁儿子。
2. C 大家很容易看出她不高兴。
3. B 牛顿自言自语， “为什么苹果会落到地上， 而不会飘向空中？” 后来他发现了万有引力定律。
4. A 科学家预言在未来的十年里， 环境污染还会更严重。 他们告诫人们如果我们不采取措施解决这个问题， 我们将会毁灭我们的星球。
5. B 哈利观察那颗星球的运动已有多年了， 并且发现每76年他就轮回一圈。
6. A 警察发现这个人的DNA和在犯罪现场提取的不一样后， 就放他走了。
Step 4 Grammar
(Teacher writes some sentences on the blackboard.)
1. He hoped to visit China again.
2. It took a lot of time to finish the report.
3. Please give the boy something to play with.
4. He went home to see his sick mother.
5. Her wish is to become a pop singer.
T: Now look at the sentences on the blackboard. And tell me what these underlined parts are and what function of them in each sentence.
S: All the underlined parts are used as the Infinitive.
S1: In the sentence one, the Infinitive part is used as the object.
S2: In the second sentence, I think “to finish the report” is used as the attributive modifying “time”.
T: Do you think he answer is right or wrong
S5: He is wrong. It is used as the subject. It refers “to finish the report”.
T: Very well. Now let’s take a look at the third sentence.
S3: In the third sentence, I think “to play with” is used as the attributive modifying “something”.
T: Is he right or wrong
Ss: Right.
T: Great. Let’s see the next sentence.
S4: In the fourth sentence, I think “to see his sick mother” is used as the adverbial for purpose.
T: Good. Let’s move on to the last sentence.
S6: In this sentence, “to become a pop singer” is used as the predicative.
T: Now you have known some usages f the infinitive. Let’s do an exercise to practise the usage of the infinitive.
Step 5 Practice
T: As you can see, the infinitive can not only be used as object and subject but also as attributive, predicative and adverbial. Now please open your books on page 5 and do exercise 1. Group the infinitive according to how they are used.
Suggested answers:
1. Subject: (8)
2. Attribute: (3)
3. Predicative: (1), (2)
4. Object: (9)
5. Adverbial: (4)(5)(6)(7)(10)
T: Very well. Now turn to page6 and do exercise2. I will give you one minute for this one. And then I will ask some students to read the answers and translate the sentences into Chinese as well.
(One minute later, check their answers.)
Suggested answers:
1. to be invited;
2. to pass;
3. to consider;
4. to be sent;
T: Ok, look at Ex3. Rewrite the following sentences using the infinitive. The example will help you. First do it by yourself. Then discuss it in pairs. Finally I will show you the right answers.
Suggested answers:
1. Is there anything to eat
2. I need a pen to write with.
3. Do you have anything to add
4. He is looking got a box to put the two rabbits in.
5. It would be a comfortable house to live in.
(If the students do not understand the answers, teacher will give more explanation.)
T: I think you have understood how to change the sentences into the sentences with the infinitive. Now let’s see more exercises. Turn your books to page 83. And take a look at exercise1 on this page. Rewrite the following sentences with infinitive as subjects. This exercise is very easy. I give you one minute to finish this one and then I will ask some students to give me the answers one by one.
(See the answers on page83 of the book.)
T: Do you remember before we have learned a phrase: find it …a. to do sth
S: Yes.
T: In this phrase, to do sth. is the object of “find”. Now turn over your books and see Ex2. Answer the following questions with find it … to …. Two minutes for you to finish this exercise.
(Two minutes later check the answers to these questions. See suggested answers on page 83.)
Step 6 Consolidation
T: Now look at the picture. Who can tell me what Hawking’s dream is from the picture
S: He wants to get married.
T: Right. Do you know how Hawking made his dream come true according to the passage we learnt in the second period
S: Hawking said, “In order to get married, I need a job, I need a job and in order to get a job, I need a PhD.”
T: Very good. Now let’s look at another picture. And tell me what the girl’s dream is and how she makes it realized.
T: Who can tell us the girl’s dream and how she can realize it
S: I would like to. Her dream is to get a doctor’s degree. In order to get a doctor’s degree, she needs to go to university; she needs to study hard now.
T: Very good. Now please tell your partner what your dream is and how to realize it. You can use “in order to” to express it.
(Teacher gives the students two minutes to talk freely.)
Step7 Class work
Exercises高考回顾:
1. The purpose of new technologies is to make life easier ________ it more difficult. (MET99)B
A. not make B. not to make C. not making D. do not make
2. I’ve worked with children before, so I know what ______ in my new job. (MET2000)B
A. expected B. to expect C. to be expecting D. expects
3. Having a trip abroad is certainly good for the old couples but it remains ______ whether they will enjoy it. (MET2001)B
A. to see B. to be seen C. seeing D. seen
4. Charles Babbage is generally considered ____the first computer. (MET1993)C
A. to invent B. inventing
C. to have invented D. having invented
5. Allen had to call a taxi because the box was _______ to carry all the way home. (MET2003)A
A. much too heavy B. too much heavy
C. heavy too much D. too heavy much
6. The boy wanted to ride his bicycle in the street, but his mother told him ______. (MET95)A
A. not to B. not to do C. not do it D. do not to
7. Little Jim should love _____ to the theatre this evening. (MET 92)A
A. to be taken B. to take C. being taken D. taking
8. There are five pairs ___, but I'm at a loss which to buy.(1999上海高考)B
A. to be chosen B. to choose from C. to choose D. for choosing
9.____late in the afternoon, Bob turned off the alarm. (2001年北京春季高考)A
A. To sleep B. Sleeping C. Sleep D. Having sleep
10. With a lot of difficult problems ____, the newly-elected president is having a hard time.(2002年上海春季高考)C
A. settled B. settling C. to settle D. being settled
11. She will tell us why she feels so strongly that each of us has a role ___in making the earth a better place to live. (2003上海春季高考)B
A. to have played B. to play C. to be played D. to be playing
12. In order to gain a bigger share in the international market, many state run companies are trying ___their products more competitive.
( 2002上海春季高考)A
A. to make B. making C. to have made D. having mad
13. The teacher asked us___ so much noise. (2003北京春季高考)D
A. don't make B. not make C. not making D. not to make
14. I've worked with children before, so I know what ____in my new job.
(2000年 高考)B
A. expected B. to expect C. to be expecting D. expects
Step8 Summary and Homework
T: Ok. Today we have reviewed some words we learned in the second period and gave some explanations in English. After class, you should try to explain the new words in English. We have also learned the usages of the infinitive. You should do more exercises to master them. After class, you should finish all the exercises in Grammar in your workbook to consolidate what we have learned. At the same time, don not forget to preview the content in Integrating skills.
Homework: 1. Remember the words and phrases we have learned in this unit.
2. Finish Ex3 on page83 and Ex3&4 on page84.
3. Preview Integrating skills—Making a Difference.
Period 6 Integrating skills & writing
Goals:
1. To revise the language points and grammar-the Infinitive in this unit.
2. To learn more about the characteristics of scientists
3. To write a paragraph about a scientist.
Teaching Procedures:
Step 1 Greetings
T: Good morning.
Ss: Good morning, Miss Wang.
Step 2 Revision and Check homework
T: Yesterday we learned the grammar—the Infinitive. We know that the infinitive can be used as the subject, object, adverbial and so on. I gave you some homework about the infinitive yesterday. Now let me check your homework to see if you have mastered the infinitive.
T: Open your books on page84. Let’s take a look at Ex3 first. Answer the following questions with infinitives. You may think of more than one answer. I want to ask you to answer these questions one by one.
(See suggested answers on page 84 of the book.)
T: You have done a good job. Now let’s move to Ex4. Choose the best answers to fill in the blanks. I will also ask some students to read these two passages. When you are doing the exercise, please read the sentence, and don’t read the numbers to fill the blanks.
(See suggested answers on page 84 of the book.)
T: Good. You all did an excellent job.
Step 3 Practice
T: Now we will do more exercises to enhance what you have learned. Look at the screen please.
Tell the function of the underlined part in each sentence.
1. (1) To learn more about the universe, you need (2) to have a telescope (3) to observe the stars with.
2. It takes time (4) to know a man.
3. Please remember (5) to bring me a book.
4. I have got a lot of work (6) to do.
5. (7) In order to catch the first bus, she got up early.
6. It is important for us (8) to learn English.
(Teacher asks the students to do them one by one. Of there is any question, teacher can explain it to them. )
Suggested answers:
Subject: (4) (8)
Object: (2) (5)
Attributive: (3) (6)
Adverbial: (1) (7)
T: Let’s do another exercise. Choose the best answers to fill in the blanks.
(Show the following on the screen.)
1. to live; 2. to discover nature of the universe; 3. to eat. 4. to be wrong; 5. to pass the exams; 6. to find the train had gone;
7. to catch the train; 8. to get married; 9. to miss the train;
1. The goal of Stephen Hawking’s research is ______ and ______ is his biggest dream.
2. The doctor thought he only had three more years _____, which turned out _____.
3. We took a taxi _____. We hurried there, only _____. We were unhappy to _____.
4. He studied hard _____.
5. Lunch is ready. Let’s stop _____.
Suggested answers:
1. to discover nature of the universe; to get married;
2. to live; to be wrong;
3. to catch the train; to find the train had gone; to miss the train;
4. to pass the exams;
5. to eat.
T: Well done. So much for grammar. Now let’s revise the useful expressions in this unit together.
(Show the expressions on the screen.)
Tell me their Chinese meanings one by one.
work on, be engaged to sb, go by, turn out, dream of, go on with, use up
T: Now let’s do some exercises to see whether you have mastered them plete the sentences by filling in the blanks with the right phrases we have revised just now.
(Show the expressions on the screen.)
He ____ one day becoming a famous scientist. Tom ____ Ann. Two weeks slowly _____. He ____ his ink. If we don’t finish painting the room today, we can ____ it tomorrow. His suggestion ______ to be a good one. He _______ a novel.
(A moment later, check the answers with the whole class.)
Suggested answers:
1. dreams of; 2. is engaged to 3. went by 4. has used up 5. go on with 6. turned out 7. is working on
T: Great. I see you can manage these phrases in sentences. Now turn your books on page 83. Let’s do another exercise to see if you can master them in passage. Ex3 in page83. Replace the underlined parts with the phrases below. You may change the forms if necessary.
(See suggested answers on page 83 of the book.)
T: You all have done a good job. Now let’s move to the next part: Integrating Skills.
Step 4 Reading
T: There were many scientists in the world in the past, whose discoveries and inventions can help us understand the world better. Can you say out the neames of some scientists and their discoveries
Ss: Yes. Elbert Einstein (the Theory of Relativity); Marie Curie (radium and polonium…)
(Teacher collects the names and discoveries or inventions of the scientists and says the following.)
T: Do you know why and how they made these important discoveries or inventions
Ss: No.
T: Ok, today we are going to read a passage. It will tell us what makes the scientists make their discoveries. Before we red it, we will learn more new words in this period.
(Teacher deals with the new words.)
T: Open your books and turn to page7. I will give you four minutes to read the passage quickly and then answer some questions.
(Four minutes later, ask the students the following questions:)
1. Who said the sentence “Knowledge is power.”
Sir Francis Bacon.
2. Who are the two scientists in this passage as examples
Galileo Galilei and Zhang Heng.
3. Where was Galileo Galilei from
He was from Italy.
4. What invention did Zhang Heng make
He invented seismograph.
5. What made Galileo and Zhang Heng become famous scientists
They were curious and creative. They always asked why, how and what if.
Step 5 Language Points
T: Now you have understood the detailed information about this reading. But there are some phrases or sentences in this reading you don’t understand. Now I am going to explain some language points in this passage.
1. Learn from
Eg: We should learn from Lei Feng to help others all the time.
1. be satisfied with
Eg: The teacher is always satisfied with the homework this student does.
satisfy make sth/sb satisfied
Eg: Nothing satisfies him.
3. take a look at = have a look at = look at
Eg: Let’s take a look at your new car. .
4. what if = what would happen if… 要是。。。又怎么样？
Eg: What if it rains when we are at the park
5． all the time =always
Eg: He is a teacher all the time.
6. believe in
believe
Eg: We have to believe in ourselves when we meet problems.
Do you believe what he said
I don’t.
7. the other way around
Eg: She told people that I stole the necklace, but in fact it is the other way around.
1. be knows as
be known for
Eg: He is known for his first novel.
He is known as a famous writer.
Step 6 Writing
T: Who is your favorite scientist
(The students may have different answers.)
T: Now we are going to write a paragraph to describe your favorite scientist. Before you write, you should think about what you want to write. What does the reader need to know about the scientist How can you best describe him or her What is the most important or interesting fact about the scientist Why do you like him or her You can first discuss these questions in groups. Use your answers to write your paragraph. If you want to know more about him or her, you can use a library or the Internet to find more information after class. In class you should list an outline of the passage. When you write your passage, the ideas, words, and expressions on the blackboard may help you to describe a great scientist.
Step 7 Summary and Homework
T: In this class, we have reviewed the useful expressions and the important grammar – the infinitive in this unit. And we have also learned a passage about some scientist we have practised how to write a descriptive paragraph. After class go over all the important points learned in this unit and finish your writing. Class is over.
Homework: 1. Read the reading again and review the language points in this passage.
2. Finish the writing about a great scientist.
Unit 1 Making a Difference
核心知识
1．词汇
(1)undertake sth．从事…
(2)go by (时间)经过；(某人)过去
(3)be／get engaged to sb 与某人订婚
(4)on the other hand 另一方面
(5)turn out to be 结果是
(6)be similar to 与……相似
(7)work on 继续工作
(8)go on with 继续某种行为
(9)dream of 梦想，梦到
(10)be satisfied with 对……表示满意或满足
(11)be curious about sth． 对……好奇的
(12)take a look at 看…
(13)what if…… 倘使…将会怎样；即使…又有什么要紧
(14)the other way around 相反地，从相反方向
(15)be patient with sth. 对…有耐心
2．日常交际用语(描述人和辩论)
(1)That's correct．
(2)There is no doubt that．．
(3)That's true．
(4)It's clear that．．
(5)It's hard to say．．
(6)What's your idea
(7)Well，maybe，but…
(8)Have you thought about…
3．句型
(1)There is no doubt that… 毫无疑问…
(2)Do you doubt that… 你怀疑…
(3)There's no point in doing sth．做某事没有作用或没有意义。
4．语法
学习动词不定式的用法
重难点解析
1．It takes a very unusual mind to undertake the analysis of the obvious．
分析明显存在的事物需要非凡的头脑。
(1)undertake(undertook，undertaken)
vt．承担(工作，责任等)，承办+名词
例：He undertook the difficult task willingly．
他欣然承担那项困难的工作。
1 will undertake the responsibility for you．
我会为你负起责任。
vt.着手，进行，企图+名词
例：He undertook a new experiment．
他着手一项新的实验。
(2)analysis复数形式andyses．analyse vt．
A chemical analysis化学分析
We made a careful analysis of the problem．
我们仔细分析了那个问题。
(3)obvious adj. (more obvious，most obvious)
明显的，明白的，显而易见的
obviously adv．
例：He told her an obvious lie．
他对她扯了一个明显的谎言。
It is obvious that…．…是显然的。
例：It is quite obvious that he didn't do it himself．
显然他没有亲自去做。
It seemed obvious that he suffered from a bad cold．
显然他得了重感冒。
2．There is no doubt that． 毫无疑问 ．．
例：There is no doubt that our team will win．
我队获胜是毫无疑问的。
I don't doubt that we will win the game．(否定句用that)
我不怀疑我们将会赢得这场比赛。
Do you doubt that he has passed the final examination (疑问句用that)
你怀疑他已通过期末考试了吗
I doubt whether he is the best man for the job．(肯定句用whether)
我怀疑他是否是担任那项工作的最适当人选。
3．There didn't seem much point in working on my PhD—I didn't expec to survive that long·
取得博士学位对我来说没有什么意义，我没有期望活那么久。
PhD(Doctor of Philosophy ) 指“博士学位”
There is no point in doing sth．表示“做某事没有作用或没有意义”。
例：There is no point in arguing further．
继续争执下去没有意义了。
There is no point in protesting．It won’t help much．
抗议没有什么用处，于事无补。
that在此处为副词，意为“那么”，可以修饰形容词。this也有此用法。
例：I didn't expect he was that rude．
我没料到他会那么粗鲁。
I have never been out this late before．
我从未在外面呆到这么晚过。
Please cut my hair about this much．
请把我的头发剪掉这么长。
4．Yet two years had gone by and I was not that much worse．
但两年过去了，我的情况却没那么糟糕。
Go by意思是“(时间)过去”。
例：Time went by so quickly．We are already at the end of our summer holiday．
时间过得真快，转眼我们已经要结束暑假了。
Thirty years went by and her hair was beginning to turn gray．
三十年过去了，她的头发开始变白了。
5．In fact，things were going rather well for me and I had gotten engaged to a very nice girl，Jan Wilde．
事实上，事情发展得还挺顺利。我和一位非常好的女孩简·怀尔得订婚了。
get／be engaged to sb．“与某人订婚”
例：Did you hear they have got engaged last month
你有没有听说他们上个月订婚的消息
Tom got engaged to Mary，whom he had met on the train．
汤姆和玛丽订婚了，他们在火车上认识的。
Be engaged in(on)+n．／doing sth．从事(工作)的，忙于……的
例：She was engaged in protecting wild birds．
她从事保护野生鸟类的工作。
Right now I’m engaged．
我现在正忙着。
be engaged (电话等)通话中的，占线中的，相当于美国英语的busy．
例：The line／number is engaged。线路被占用。
engagement n．订婚(to)
例：announce one's engagement to…宣布与…订婚
break off one's engagement解除婚约，解约
engagement ring订婚戒指(戴在左手无名指上)
6．Scientists，on the other hand，Hawking writes，know that their job is never finished and that even the best theory can turn out to be wrong．
霍金写到，从另一个方面说，科学家知道他们的工作是永无止境的，即使是最完美的理论，也可能是错误的。
Turn out to be“结果是”“最后的情况是”+副／+形／+to do／+that．．
例：The weatherman said it was going to rain this afternoon but it turned out to be very lovely．
天气预报说今天下午有雨，其实今天天气非常好。
The lecture turned out to be very dull．
讲座结果很无聊。
Everything turned out well．一切顺遂。
The rumor turned out (to be) true．那谣言后来证明是真的。
It turned out (that) two travelers had been killed
后来证实(查明)有两位旅客丧生。
turn out vi. (为集会等)外出，去。
turn out vt.．(可分开用) 关 (熄灭) (煤气，电灯油灯等)
turn out vt. (可分开用 ) 生产 (产品)，出产
例：The factory can turn out l000cars a day．
这家工厂一天能生产1000辆汽车。
7．Everyone has his or her special skills and interests，and only by discovering what we do best can we hope to reach our goals and truly make a difference．
每个人都有自己的专长和兴趣，只有发现自己的专长，我们才能期望达到自己的目标，真正与众不同。
only修饰介词短语或从句时，要求倒装。
例：Only at that time did I realize its importance．
直到那时我才意识到它的重要性。
Only in this way can you make progress in your English study．
只有这样你才能在英语学习上取得进步。
Only when you finish your homework can you go out to play football．
只有当你完成作业你才能出去踢球。
only修饰主语时，通常置于主语之前。
例：Only you understand me．只有你了解我。
only修饰主语以外时，通常置于动词之前(有be动词、助动词时，则置于其后)
例：She only eats vegetables．她只吃蔬菜。
I only lent you the money．那笔钱我只是借给你(不是给你)。
He only works when he's got homework．
他只在有家庭作业时才做功课。
I've only seen him once．
我只见过他一次。
8．Imagine this：you are twenty-one years old and a promising graduate student at one of the top universities in the world．
想象一下这种情况：你二十一岁是世界最有名大学里的一个有希望的毕业生。
imagine+名词
例：Can you imagine life with out electricity
你能想像没有电的生活吗
The gir1 tried to imagine the gentleman as her father．
这女孩试着把这位绅土想像成自己的父亲。
imagine+doing想像做·”
例：I didn't imagine becoming a writer in my childhood．
在孩提时代，我并未想像成为一名作家。
imagine+名(人)+doing想像(某人)做…
例：I can't imagine her marrying him．
我无法想像她和他结婚。
imagine+(that)…／wh—想像…；想…，推测 (不可用进行时)
例：Imagine you are a bird．
想像你是一只鸟。
Can you imagine how much 1 was surprised to see it
你能想像我看见它后感到多么惊讶吗
Iimagine (that) I have met you somewhere before．
我想以前曾在哪里见过你。
Can you imagine what he is doing
你能猜测他在做什么吗
(Just) imagine (it) ! 想想看!
Imagination (名) imaginative (形)
promising (形) 有希望的，有前途的，前途光明的
例：a promising actress有前途的女演员
9．Since then，Hawking has continued to seek answers to questions about the nature of the universe．
从那时起，霍金就继续寻求关于宇宙特征的问题的答案。
seek+(for after)+名词 搜寻，寻找；寻求，探求；追求
例：They sought shelter from the rain．
他们找寻避雨的地方。
He found it worthless to seek fame．
他发现追求名声是不值得的。
We must seek (for) a solution to the problem
我们必须寻求解决问题的方法。
seek+名 征求，请求 ，
He sought his doctor's advice．
他向医生请教(征求医生的意见)。
语法点拨
动词不定式
不定式由“to+动词原形”构成，其否定形式是“not to do“，不定式可以带宾语或状语构成不定式短语，没有人称和数的变化，但有时态和语态的变化。
不定式可作主语、宾语、状语、表语和定语，但不能单独作谓语。不定式的逻辑主语有时用“for+名词或代词宾格”构成。
1．不定式的用法：
(1)作主语
不定式短语作主语时，往往放在谓语之后，用It作形式主语。例如：
To see is to believe．眼见为实。
It is right to give up smoking. 戒烟是对的。
(2)作宾语
不定式短语作宾语时，如果还带有宾语补足语，往往把不定式宾语放在宾语补足语之后，而用it作形式宾语。例如：
He wanted to go．他想走。
I find it interesting to work with him．
我发现和他一起工作有趣。
(3)作宾语补足语。例如：
He asked me to do the work with him．
他叫我跟他一起做这个工作。
注意：在feel，hear，listen to，look at，notice，observe，see，watch，have，1et，make等词后的补足语中，不定式不带to。但是这些句中如果变成被动结构时，就必须带to。例：
I often hear him sing the song．He is often heard to sing the song·
我常听到他唱这首歌。他经常被听到唱这首歌。
注意：不定式动词在介词but，except，besides后面时，如果这些介词之前有行为动词do的各种形式，那么，这些介词后的不定式不带to，否则要带to。
例如：
She could do nothing but cry．她只会哭了。
What do you like to do besides swim
除游泳外你还喜欢什么
I have no choice but to go．我不得不走。
(4)作定语。例如：
I have some books for you to read.
我有几本书供给你读。
注①：作定语的不定式如果是不及物动词，或者不定式所修饰的名词或代词是不定式动作的地点工具等，不定式后面须有相应的介词。例如：
He is looking for a room to live in ．
他在找一个房间住。
There is nothing to worry about．
无什么可担心的。
Please give me a knife to cut with．
请给我把刀子来切东西。
但是，不定式所修饰的名词如果是time，place或way，不定式后面的介词习惯上要省去。例如：
He had no money and no place to live．他没钱没地方住。
注②：当作定语的不定式所修饰的名词或代词是不定式动作的承受者时，不定式既可以用主动语态，也可用被动语态，但其意义有所不同。试比较：
A)Have you anything to send 你有什么东西要寄吗 (不定式tosend的动作执行者是you)
B)Have you anything to be sent 你有什么要(我或别人)寄的东西吗 (不定式to be sent的动作执行者是已被省略的me或someone else)
(5)作状语，表示目的、原因、结果或条件。例
I came here to see you．(目的)
We were very excited to hear the news．(原因)
He hurried to the school to find nobody there . (结果)
To look at him，you would like him．(条件)
要是看见他，就总会喜欢他的。
目的状语还可以用in order to或so as to来表示。例如：
In order to pass the exam，he worked very hard．
为了考试及格，他学习很刻苦。
We ran all the way so as not to be late．
为了别迟到我们一路上跑来的。
不定式也可以在作表语用的形容词后面作状语。例如：
I am very glad to hear it 听见这事我很高兴。
The question is difficult to answer．这个问题难回答。
“too+形容词或副词+不定式”也作状语。例：
He is too old to do that．
他太老不能做这事了。
另外句子中有enough这个词时，常用不定式作状语。例如：
The room is big enough to hold us．
这间屋子够大能盛得下我们。
(6) 作表语。例如：
My job is to help the patient 我的工作是帮助病人。
(7)作独立成分。例如：
To tell the truth，I don't agree with you．
说实话，我不同意你的观点。
(8)不定式与疑问词who，which，when，where ,how，what等连用，在句中起名词作用，可充当主语表语、宾语等。例：
He didn't know what to say. (宾语)
他不知道说什么。
How to solve the problem is very important （主语）
如何解决这个问题很重要。
My question is when to start．(表语)
我的问题是什么时候开始。
注意：在与why连用时，只用于why或why not开头的简短疑问句中，后面紧跟的动词不定式不带to。例：
Why not have a rest
(9)不定式在句中用主动式还是被动式，多数情况下是容易判别的，但有时的确比较复杂，请注意以下几点：
A)不定式修饰的名词或代词和不定式逻辑上构成主谓关系时，不定式往往用主动形式。
Have you got a key to unlock the door
你有开门的钥匙吗
(A key unlocks the door．)
B)不定式和它前面被修饰的名词或代词构成逻辑上的动宾关系，又和该句主语构成逻辑上的主谓关系时，不定式常用主动形式。
I have got a letter to write．(I write a letter．)
我有封信要写。
He needs a room to live in．(He lives in a room．)
他需要间屋子住。
C)不定式作表语形容词的状语，和句中的主语构成逻辑上的动宾关系时，不定式多用主动形式，这是因为人们往往认为形容词后省去了for one或for people．例如：
He is hard to talk to．很难跟他交谈。
The book is difficult to understand．这本书很难懂。
但如果强调句中的受事者时，亦可用不定式被动句。例如：
The handwriting is very difficult to be read．
这字太难认读了。
The box is to heavy to be lifted．
这箱子太重举不起来。
D)在there be结构中，当说话人考虑的是必须有人去完成某件事时，不定式用主动形式，如果说话人强调的是事情本身必须完成，则用被动形式。
There is a lot of work to do． (Somebody has to do the work．)
There isa lot of work to be done．(The work has to be done．)
请注意下面两个句子的含义是不同的：
There is nothing to do．意为无事可做，感到十分乏味。
There is nothing to be done．意为某东西坏了，无法使之恢复正常。
2．不定式的时态
(1)不定式的一般形式所表示的动作，通常与谓语的动作(状态)同时(或几乎同时)发生，或是在它之后发生。例如：
I saw him go out．我看见他出去了。
(2)如果谓语表示的动作(情况)发生时，不定式表示的动作正在进行，这时不定式就要用进行式。
例如：
I am very glad to be working with you．很高兴和你一起工作。
(3)如果不定式的动作发生在谓语动词之前，要用完成式。例如：
I'm sorry to have kept you waiting．对不起让你久等了。
3．不定式的语态
当不定式逻辑上的主语是这个不定式所表示的动作的承受者时，不定式一般要用被动形式。例如：
He asked to be sent to work in the countryside．
他要求被派往农村工作。
经典赏析
【例1】 (全国高考题)Robert is said——abroad，but l don't know what country he studied in．
A．to have studied
B．to study
C. to be studying
D．to have been studying
[解析] 本题前一句意思为“据说罗伯特以前在国外学习过”，句型为“sb．issaidtodosth．因在国外学习”这一动作发生在be said之前。
[答案] A
[例2] (全国高考题)The purpose of new technoloqies is to make life easier，——it more difficult．
A．not make B．not to make
C. not making D．don't make
[解析] 根据句子的含义及结构来判断，很显然，考查的是动词不定式作表语，而此处前后两个动词不定式呈对比关系，to不能省略。
[答案] B
[例3] (全国高考题) I've worked with children before，so I know what——in my new job.
A．expected B．to expect
C．to be expecting D．expects
[解析] 从后半句可知考查疑问词+不定式用法。expect的宾语是what。
[答案] B
[例4] (全国高考题) Having a trip abroad is certainly good for the old couple，but
——whether they will enloy it.
A．to see B．to be seen
C. seeing D．see
[解析] remain to be seen拭目以待，根据句意应选B。
[答案] B
[例5] (全国高考题)It is said in Australia there is more land than the govemment knows——.
A．it what to do with B．what to do with it
C．what to do it with D．to do whtat with it
[解析] 该题考查疑问词+todo用法。根据句意what to do with it如何处理它。
[答案] B
[例6] (全国高考题)The mother didn't know——to blame for the broken glass as it happened while she was out .
A who B when C how D why
[解析] 根据句意“妈妈不知道责怪谁，因为打破杯子这件事发生在她不在家的时候
[答案] A
即学即用
1．Last summer I took a course on——.
A．how to make dresses
B．how dresses be made
C．how to be made dresses
D．how dresses to be made
[答案] A
2．Let Harry play with your toys as well，Clare you must learn to——.
A．support B care
C．spare D share
[答案] D
3．There are five pairs——, but I’m at a loss which to buy．
A．to be chosen B to choose from
C . to choose D for choosing
[答案] B
4．Paul doesn't have to be made——.He always works hard．
A．1earn B. to learn
C．1earned D．1earning
[答案] B
5．We agreed ——here but so far she hasn't turned up yet．
A．having met B.meedng
C． to meet D． to have met
[答案] C
6．The boy wanted to ride his bicycle in the street，
but his mothertold him—— ．
A．not to B . not to do
C．not do it D . do not to
[答案1 A
7．The patient was warned——only food after the operation．
A．tO eat not B . eating not
C．not tO eat D . not eating
[答案] C
8．I would love——to the party last night，but l had to wotk extra hours to finish a report．
A .to go B．to have gone
C . going D．having gone
[答案] B
9．MrSmith warned her daughter——after drinking．
A。never to drive B . to never drive
C．never driving D . never drive
[答案] A
10．—The light in the office is still on．
—0h，I forgot——.
A．turning it off B .turn it off
C．to turn it off D . having turned it off
[答案] C
11．Little Jim should love——to the theatre this evening．
A．to be taken B．to take
C . being taken D．taking
[答案] A
12．Charles Babbage is generally considered——is the first computer．
A．to invent B . inventing
C . to have invented D . having invented
[答案] C
13·——down the radio·——the baby's asleep in the next room．
A．Turning B . To turn
C．Turned D . Turn
[答案] D
14．Mother——us stories when we were young .
A .was used to tell B . is used to telling
C . used to tell D . used to telling
[答案] C
15. She pretended——me when I passed by .
A .not to see . B . not seeing
C . to not see D .having not seen.
[答案] A
Arts
History
Geogrophy
Politics
Science
Chinese Physics
Maths Chemistry
English Biology
dream
Para2
achievements
Para1
disease
Para1
problem
Para7
opinions
Para1
He makes research into__________,
e.g.: _________________
_________________
_________________
He made new discoveries about _____________ in the early 1970’s.
His book __________________ was written in a way_____________.
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