Unit 3Language Point
1.expect (sb.) to do sth. 希望(某人)做某事
eg:I expect to be back within a week.
I didn't expect him to stay so long.
hope to do something 希望做某事
eg: Joan's hoping to study law at Harvard.
wish wish to do something 希望做某事
eg: I wish to make a complaint.
wish somebody something 希望某人…
eg:We wish them every happiness in their new home.
2. take up 举起，拿起，抬起 ; 对…有兴趣；从属于；占据时间、空间
John took up writing at school.
The work took up a whole day.
Please take the piano out, it ____too much room.
A. picks up B. makes up
C. takes up D. takes on
3. remind
remind sb. of/about sth. 使某人想起某事
reminded her of college days.使她回想起了大学里的日子
remind sb. to do sth 提醒某人做某事
must remind him to call; 必须让他记着打电话；
区别 remind ,remember , recall
remind指“由于受到提醒或启发而想起往事”
remember指“过去的事情仍在记忆中, 不必费劲就能想起”, 记住
recall 较 remember 正式, 指“对自己或他人的过去进行有意的回忆”
4. as a result 结果…
as a result of 由于…的结果
注意用法区别
The heavy rain lasted for 10 days. _____， the whole city was flooded.
_____ the bad weather, most of the crops are rotted away.
A. as a result B. as a result of
result in ≈ lead to , cause导致……的结果
result from – be cause by 起因于……
5. lack
lack n. be the lack of … 缺少…, …的短缺
He is lack of money. 他正缺乏金钱。
v. lack (in) sth. 缺少……≈be short of
She lacks the money to buy new shoes.
她没钱买新鞋。
lack for sth.≈need, 但较正式，需要
I lacked for nothing. 我不需要任何东西
Tough ____ money , his parents managed to send him to university.
A. lacked B. lacking of C. lacking D. lacked in
6. surrounding
surrounding adj. in surrounding area
surroundings n. 只用复数，+ 复数谓语
surroundings –影响生活质素的，某地\人身边的一切事物
The house is situated in very pleasant surroundings.
environment —人们所在的影响其感觉及发展的物质、社会环境 ：自然环境
new laws to prevent the pollution of the environment
7. ache & pain
ache 持续的，不是很强烈的，隐隐作痛
pain 精神或身体上受到的痛苦，或身体某部位较强烈的痛楚。
I have an ache ____ my stomach.
A. in B. on C. with D. to
8. Useful Phrases
1.be made of 用……制成 (物理变化)
be made from (化学变化)
be made up of 由……组成
2 be unsettled 心里忐忑不安
3 be similar to 与…相似 be different from 与…不同
the same as 与……相同
have something in common with 与…有共同之处
4 in no time 立刻，马上= at once
at times 有时 at no time 决不
5 in all directions 四面八方
in the direction of 在……的方向
6 lost sight of 不再看见……
catch sight of 瞥见……
7 sweep up 横扫，打扫
8 provide sb. with sth. 把…提供给某人
provide sth. to sb. 向某人提供…
9 fall fast/ sound asleep. 熟睡
10 make notes ＝ take notes 作笔记
11 persuade sb. to do sth. 劝说某人做某事
12 speed up 加速Unit3 Important words and phrases
1. Now think about what changes you might expect to find in the next one thousand years.
现在你考虑一下, 一千年之后你料想会发生什么变化。
expect (sb.) to do sth. 希望(某人)做某事
I expect to be back within a week.
I didn’t expect him to stay so long.
hope to do something 希望做某事
Joan’s hoping to study law at Harvard.
wish
wish to do something 希望做某事
I wish to make a complaint.
wish somebody something 希望某人…
We wish them every happiness in their new home.
2.byhorseorbysimplevehiclesuchasacarriage 骑马还是乘像四轮马车这样的普通交通工具
such as 如, 像……这样的
辨析: such as 与for example
such as用来列举事物,常用在列举的事物和前面的名词之间,但是所列举的事物的数量不能等同于前面所提事物的总数,否则应用that is或namely；
for example主要用来列举说明,一般只列举同类人或事物中的“一个”,其位置比较灵活,可置于句首、句中或句末,用标点符号隔开, 而such as只能放在所列举事物之前。
He knows several languages, such as English, French and German.
他懂几种语言, 像英语、法语和德语。
Some students, for example, John, lives in the neighborhood.
有些学生, 比如约翰, 住在这个地区。
3. made of wood and mud; no bathrooms
用木头和泥做的; 没有浴室
be made of 由……制造
This knife is made of metal and woods.
这把刀是由金属和木头合制而成的。
辨析: be made of (from) 与be made into
be made of “由……制成”表示能看出原材料来的;
be made from “由……制成”,表示看不出原材料的;
be made into “把……制成”, 其宾语是“成品”;而
be made of (from) 的宾语是材料
be made up of 由……制成
make out 辨认出, 看出,理解,了解
make up for 补偿, 弥补
4. I still cannot believe that I am taking up my prize that was won last year.
我还是无法相信我是在接受去年获得的这个奖励。
take up
1) to accept an offer or challenge that someone has made 接受(建议或挑战)
Are you going to take up the challenge of lasting a whole week without arguing
坚持一周内不争吵,你打算接受这一 挑战吗？
2) to become interested in a particular activity or subject 对…..开始喜欢
Glenn has taken up pottery. 格伦已经开始喜欢陶艺。
3) to start a new job or have a new responsibility 开始从事……开始承担
She took up her first teaching post in 1950.
1950年她走上第一个教学岗位。
5. I have to constantly rub my eyes to remind myself that I have travelled to the year AD 3005. 我得不断擦拭自己的眼睛来提醒自己, 我已到了公元3005年。
remind sb. of/about sth. 使某人想起某事
reminded her of college days. 使她回想起了大学里的日子
remind sb. to do sth 提醒某人做某事
must remind him to call 必须让他记着打电话
区别: remind, remember, recall
remind 指“由于受到提醒或启发而想起往事”
remember指“过去的事情仍在记忆中, 不必费劲就能想起”, 记住recall 较 remember 正式, 指“对自己或他人的 过去进行有意义的回忆”。
6. Worried about the journey, I was unsettled for the first few days.
我很担心这次旅行, 所以头几天心里总是不踏实。
worried about the journey 为过去分词作状语,在此处作原因状语。
worried adj. 焦虑的烦恼的担忧的;
worrisome adj. 使人烦恼的,焦虑的
7. As a result, I suffered from “time lag”. 结果我得了时间滞后症。
as a result (of): because of something that has happened
作为……的结果,由于
It snowed, as a result, she was late. 天下雪, 因此她迟到了。
result from 起因于……
result in 导致某事,造成某事(=lead to)
suffer from: to experience (something unpleasant, such as an illness), especially over a long period of time or habitually 患有(疾病等);为……所苦,因……而吃苦头。
She suffers from headache. 她患头痛病。
suffer from the war / the flood/ a headache… 遭受战争,洪水之苦/患头病；
suffer (from) cold and hunger 遭受寒冷和饥饿
(派) suffering n. 痛苦,苦恼;劳苦,困难
8. This is similar to the “jet lag” you get when flying, but instead it means you keep getting flashbacks from your previous time period. 这种病有些像乘喷气式飞机高速飞行时所引起的时差反应那样，所不同的是,它意味着你的脑海里不停地从以前的时间段一直往回闪去。
keep doing sth. 继续做某事
It kept raining for a week. 接连下了一星期雨。 辨析:keep doing sth. 与keep on doing sth.
这两个短语都表示每隔一段时间就发生的动作,这时可互换;
keep doing sth. 强调动作的连续性和客观性,而keep on doing sth.强调动作的重复性或动作执行者 的决心,常含有一定的感彩;
keep doing sth. 还可以表示持续不间断的状态和动作;而keep on doing sth. 无其用法。
He kept on smoking after the doctor told him to stop.
医生已经劝他戒烟, 可他仍继续抽烟。
keep away from 不接近;避开
keep back 留在后面,不上前;隐瞒
keep off 不接近,挡住
keep out (of) 使在外
keep up 跟上;赶上;保持
keep up with 跟上;不落人之后
9. The seats were comfortable and after a calming drink, which made us sleepy, our eyes closed. 座位是很舒适的, 喝了点镇静剂后,我们的眼睛闭上了, 感到昏昏欲睡似的。
which引导非限制性定语从句,修饰先行词drink.
make+宾语+宾补(adj., p.p., n.)
As a foreign student, can you make yourself understood in Chinese
Helen had to shout ____above the sound of the music. (2004.全国III)
A. making herself hear B. to make herself hear
C. making herself heard D. to make herself heard
10. Confused by the new surroundings, I was hit by the lack of fresh air.
新的环境把我弄得心烦意乱的,由于缺乏新鲜空气, 我感到受不了。
confused by the new surroundings 为过去分词作原因状语,相当于because引导的从句 I was confused by the new surroundings.
如: Deeply moved by the story, the children began to cry.
___by the beauty of nature, the girl from London decided to spend another two days on the farm. (2004 辽宁)
A. Attracting B. Attracted
C. To be attracted D. Having attracted
辨析: beat, hit与strike
beat指连续地打;hit侧重指“击中”,有时也指“打一下”;strike常指“猛地一击”。“敲锣”要用strike;“打鼓”要用beat;“敲门”要用knock;“钟敲几点”要用strike;比喻意思的“打击”要用give (deal) a blow to sb.
surrounding adj. in surrounding area
surroundings n. 只用复数 surroundings –影响生活质素的,某地\人身边的一切事物
The house is situated in very pleasant surroundings.
environment —人们所在的影响其感觉及发展的物质、社会环境;自然环境
new laws to prevent the pollution of the environment
11. I felt better in no time. 我立刻感到舒服多了。
in on time: very quickly 立刻;马上
They will be back in no time. 他们马上就会回来。
all the time 一直, 始终
at a time 依次, 逐一, 每次
at all times 随时,永远
at one time 从前
at times 有时
behind the times 过时的,落伍的
for the time being 暂且, 眼下
from time to time 不时,偶尔,间或
in good time 不消多久
no time to lose 刻不容缓
on time 按时
12. There were so many carriages that I lost
sight of Wang Ping.
lost sight of
1)看不见
It was so dark he lost sight of him at once.
I’ve lost sight of Smith.
2)忘记， 忽略
No matter how rich and famous he became, he never lost sight of the fact that he had been born in the slums.
拓展：
catch sight of 望见，看到
in sight 在视线内
out of sight 看不见了
set one’s sight 目标，想达到
take sight 瞄准
within sight of 已能看到，在…在望
13. Just relax as there is plenty of oxygen here. 这儿氧气充足, 你可以好好休息一下。
plenty of “充足的,相当多的”,通常只用于肯定句,后可接可数名词,也可接不可数名词。plenty of作主语时,谓语动词跟of后的名词一致。
There is plenty of coal in this area. 这个地区有丰富的煤。
Plenty of foreign firms have set up factories here.
很多外国公司已在这里开办工厂了。
“许多”修饰可数名词:many, many a (n), a great/ good many, a good/ large number of, the majority of
“许多”修饰不可数名词: a good/ great deal of, a large amount of, amounts of, a lot of/ lots of, much
“许多”修饰可数/不可数名词: a quantity of/ quantities of, plenty of, a supply of, supplies of
14. Have a class discussion and decide whether you think the writer has an optimistic or a pessimistic view of the future. 全班同学讨论一下, 断定作者对未来持有乐观还是悲观的态度。
optimistic
adj. believe that good things will happen in the future 乐观的,乐观主义的(常与about连用)
The experts are optimistic that we will succeed.
那些专家们对我们的成功抱有乐观态度。
pessimistic
adj. expected that bad things will happen in the future or that a situation will have a bad result 悲观的,悲观主义的(常与about连用)
There is no reason to be pessimistic about the future. 没有理由对未来悲观。
15. Be prepared to join in a class discussion. 一定准备好参加班级讨论。
join in 参加, 加入
She burst into song. Several passengers also joined in.
她唱了起来, 几位乘客也跟着唱了起来。
辨析: join in ,take part in与join
join in与take part in 都可以作“参加某项活动”讲。
join加入某个组织，并成为其中的一员；
join in参加小型的活动,
join sb. in；take part in 参加大型的活动
He joined the army five years ago.
*************Language points
1. Among its many advantages we include: easy contact with the land surface, more personal space, complete personal security, and no housework worries.
在它所有的优点中包括:轻松于地面联系,更多的自由空间,完全的个人安全和不用担心做家务。
be/stay/get in contact with 与……保持联系/与……取得联系
make/lose contact with 与(某人)取得/失去联系
put sb. in contact with 使某人得以(与……)取得联系
1). We stay in contact with each other by telephone.
我们通过电话保持联系。
2). I’ve lost contact with most of my school friends.
我已与大部分校友失去了联系。
keep in touch with 与……保持联系
get in touch with 与……取得联系
lose touch with 与……失去联系
be in/out of touch with与……保持/失去联系
2.They will be equipped with a special small, computerized machine monitoring each person during the journey.
他们被安装上一个特别小的, 由计算器控制的机器, 在旅游过程中监视着每个人。
equip
vt. to provide a person, group, building, etc, with the things that are needed for a particular kind of activity or work. 装备, 配备
equip sb. with
be equipped with
be equipped to do
equip sb./sth.
well/poorly/fully ect. equipped
The boys equipped themselves with torches, rope and set off.
男孩子们带上火把和绳索出发了。
3. There will also be easy access to the sea-floor so that families can float among the fish and other sea animals, learn about the undersea world and enjoy picnics in the coral reefs.
很容易进入到海底,因此家人可以在鱼和其它海洋动物之间飘浮,了解海底世界,在珊蝴礁中享受野餐。
4. We will have careful entry procedures whenever people enter or leave the city.
不管人们何时进入或离开城市,我们都将有安全的进入程序。
whenever conj.
used when it doesn’t matter what time something happens or when you do not know the exact time something happens
无论什么时候,引导让步状语从句, 相当no matter when。如：
1). I’ll discuss it with you whenever (no matter when) you like to come.
2). Whenever (No matter when) you (may) come, you are welcome.
5. Only when the robot cleaner touches objects can they be moved.only+状语从句放于句首时,句子用倒装语序。如：
1). Only then did they realize the importance of learning English.
2). Only yesterday did he find that his watch was missing.
3). Only by working hard did he succeed. 就是靠努力工作他才取得了成功。
