高一英语上册教案[上学期]

Unit 11 Music
Teaching Aims and Demands
Words and Phrases
Four Skills: suggestion perform performer characteristic contain traditional spread variety universal satisfy desire process express
Three Skills: musical instrument blues slave jazz folk guitar record inner emotion musician totally intelligence chant
Spoken English:
Asking for suggestions and giving advice:
What can you suggest Maybe we could …
Can I ask you for some advice I suggest (that) …
Can you help me decide … May be it would be better to …
That’s a good ides.
Well, but what about …
Have you considering doing …
Grammar:
Revise the different forms of different tenses:
1. 一般现在时被动语态
The classroom is cleaned every day.
2. 现在进行时被动语态
The plants is being watered.
3. 现在完成时被动语态
The work has been finished.
4. 一般过去时被动语态
The door was locked (by the boy).
5. 过去进行时被动语态
The meals were being severed.
6. 过去完成时被动语态
Over 10 songs had been learned (by us) by the end of last week.
7. 一般将来时被动语态
A lecture on birds will be given.
Use of Language:
1. Master the function use of language as defined above.
2. Help the students to finish the tasks of listening, reading, writing, speaking presented in the book and the exercise book through using what the students have learned.
Learn the text about music and encourage the students to learn more about music esp. Chinese traditional folk music in order to expand the students’ vision.
Important points: 1. Talk about different kinds of music
2. Ask for suggestions and give advice.
3. Talk about famous musicians
4. Compare modern and tradition music
Difficult points: The pattern of the passive voice of different tenses
Teaching aids: computer or slider-projector
Way of Teaching: Communication way of teaching, discussion and group work.
Lesson 1
Step 1 Warming-Up
Get the students to listen to some songs and try to guess where the music come from.
Answers to Exercise 1:
Music1: Russian Music 2: South America Music3:Asian
Music4:African
Step 2 Listening
Let the students listen to the songs and answer the questions. After each song, compare answers and ask the students to explain their answers: Where do you think the music comes from That is about the characteristic of each folk song. Here the students may get a general impression about the sounds of the world.
Get the students to find a song they like best and tell why.
Step 3 Speaking
First ask the students to get themselves prepared for Exercise 2 on p72, then ask them to perform it out.
Step 4 Homework
Prepare for the next class.
Lesson 2
Step 1 Introduction
The teacher may ask the questions in the Pre-reading part as an introduction of the text and in this way to arouse the students’ interest.
Step 2 Fast-reading
Students read the text quickly and make an outline of the text:
1. Most of us like pop music from China or the US, but we also like to listen to other kinds of music. The world is full of interesting music styles.
2. Blues music has a long history and is an important part of African –American culture and modern music. Blues music has influenced and created many other music styles, such as jazz and rock..
3. Modern American music is more than just blues and rock. Hip-hop and rap are two music styles that have become popular.
4. Latin music is an example of world music that has become part of American culture. The style comes from Latin America and is important to the growing number of Spanish-speaking people in the United States.
5. There are many other styles of music we can discover and enjoy if we explore the sounds of the world.
Step 3 Carefully-reading
(1) Ask the students to read the text again and be prepared to answer the questions in the Post-reading part.
The answers:
1. 1 Blue music came from African music that was brought
to the United States by slaves.
2 To rap is to speak the words of a song along with the beat.
3 Latin music is popular in America partly because of the fact that the US has a large Spanish-speaking –population, but also because of the success of such artists as Santana and Ricky Martin.
4 The students may answer in any way.
2. False: 1,2,3,5 True: 4,6
(2) Explain the language points if necessary.
Step 4 Homework
Finish the exercises 1-3 on P146
Lesson 3
Step 1 Revision
Check the homework.
Step 2 Word-study
Give the students several minutes to get prepared for the exercise, then check the answers with the students.
The answers are:
beat
1. vi. To strike repeatedly (esp. the heart)
2. n. a regular, rhythmical unit of time
3. vt. Defeat
pick
1.v. to gather, harvest
2. (pick up) v. to take on passengers
3. (pick out) v. to carefully select
rock
1. vt. To upset
2. a./n. akind of music, rock’roll
3. n. hard and large stones
style
1. n. the fashion of the moment
2. n. type, kind
3. n. a way of doing something
Step 3 Grammar
List several sentences in which the Passive Voice is used and other sentences which is of Active Voice structure, then ask the students to find the formation of Passive Voice.
1. Dinner is served from 5:00 to 8:00
Mary serves dinner from 5:00 to 8:00.
2. Five houses were destroyed by the tornado last night.
The tornado destroyed five houses last night.
The formation of the Passive sentences is: be and the past participle of the main verb.
Step 4 Consolidation
Get the students to finish the exercises1 and exercise 2 in the Grammar part.
Step 5 Workbook
Finish the exercises on P147 as well as a kind of consolidation.
Step 6 Homework
Be prepared for a song so as to give an presentation and learn more about music.
Lesson 4
Step 1 Revision
Let some students give their talk about the music they learned after class.
Step 2 Discussion
Fill the form:
1
Comparison Pop music Rock music
Why is music important to the musicians Music is their career. They use music to become rich and famous. Music is their life. They play music to satisfy their inner desire.
How are songs written One person writes the words, someone else the music, and other musicians record it. One person has a strong feeling and expresses it with music, and others help build the song
What are the songs about Most pop songs are simple stories about love that make people feel easy and forger about the real world. Rock music expresses true feelings about society, friendship and even war.
2
Comparison Traditional Chinese Music Modern Chinese Music
What instruments are used Pipa, erhu, suona, guqin, zheng, drums, luo, etc. Drums, fuita, keyboard, sometimes traditional instruments
What is the music played At weddings, during festivals, and in the royal courts Every day, on TV and radio
Who write the songs Songs are often handed down from generation to generation Pop stars or writers write new songs every year
What are songs about Love, life, news, legends Love, life, society
Step 3 Writing
Choose one of the two writing tasks below.
1 Write about a Chinese or English song that you like. Try to describe the song and how it makes you feel. Explain why you like the song and what the song makes you think of.
2 We write songs to say something about ourselves and the world. If you write a song, what will you say What will your message be Work in pairs and try to write a song --- you can use the music of a song you already know or you can make up your own.
Step 4 Homework
Finish the Checkpoint.Unit 10 The world around us
Goals:
a. Achieve language skills and related knowledge about the topic of environment protection;
b. Learn to express causes and effects:
c. Vocabulary in this unit:
the words and expressions listed on the teacher’s book
d. Grammar:
Review Direct and Indirect Speech
Lesson 1
Main points
1.Words
in danger; fur; cut down; left;sometimes;discuss; make sure; find out
2.Sentence patterns
...,tigers can no longer hide and hunt.
3.Functional item
Questions and answers
Difficult points
No longer&no more
Teaching procedures
Step 1 Lead-in
Ss tell the reasons why some animals have died out.
T:We know there are far fewer kinds of animals in the world than before.They have died out for different reasons.
Ask several students to tell the reasons.Get Ss to know about the fact many animals have died because of human beings.
Step 2 Warming up
1.Ss talk about the three pictures.
What kinds of animals are they
Why are they in danger
Why do people hunt them
2.Divide the class into groups and discuss the three questions.
3.Several groups report their answers.
Step 3 Listening
One of the reasons why animals are in danger is pollution.Next you will listen to a report about pollution to know how serious it is.
1.Go through each task and understand what to do.
2.Play the tape two times as necessary.Pause at important points and give the students help.
3.Let the Ss discuss their answers in pairs.
4.Check the answers.
5.Discuss Part Two in groups for a few minutes and then report the answers.
Step 4 speaking
1.Read the instructions.
2.Ss practise asking and answering in pairs.
3.Ask two pairs to act out.
Step 5 language points
1.no longer/no more
no longer =not ...any longer
no more=not...any more
It is later. I can't wait any more.
Time lost will not return any more.
2.make sure(that)
Ep: Make sure that you understand what your teacher says.
Ep: Arrive early at the cinema to make sure of(getting) a seat
Homework
Practise asking and answering questions.
Lesson 2
Main points
1.Words
die out, act, measure, original, respond, vaheatle , keep...from...,live a better life, that is, first of all, by doing, pick up.
2.Sentence patterns
...but we don’t always do as we say...
The good news is that there is a lot we can do to help.
Difficult points
the predicative clause
Teaching procedures
Step 1. Revision
Check the homework
Step 2. Pre-reading
1.Q:What do plants and animals need to survive
A:Encourage the students to compare animals and humans.Animals and plants also have basic needs and animals live in social groups.
2.Q:What do animals do to survive in places where it is very hot or cold,where there isn't much water
A:Animals adapt to change in their habitat and try to learn to survive when the conditions of their habitat change.
Step 3 Reading
T:From last period we know many animals are in danger.Then do you know why some plants are in danger and even human beings Let's try to find the answer to the question above from the text and what we can do to stop it.
Ask students to read quickly in silence and find the answer to the following question.
Q:What can we do to protect the environment
A:We should create more space for animals and plants.We should stop pollution.
Step 4 Post-reading
Ask students to read the text again and answer the following questions.
1.Why do animals and plants become endangered
A:Animals and plants become endangered when their habitat is destroyed or when conditions in the habitat change too quickly or too drastically.The text lists three main reasons: habitat change,the arrival of new species in the habitat,and the overuse of the species itself or the resources in the habitat.
2.A species can become endangered when its habitat is changed or destroyed. Can you think of things human beings do that may destroy or cause change in a habitat
A:Various answers are possible. Encourage the students to think of human behaviour that can cause problems:pollution, land use, hunting, farming, etc.
Step 5 Language points
1.as conj.
When in Rome do as the Romans do.
Do you have to feed plants as you feed chickens
2.take action
I didn't take immediate action.
active adj.
He was active in the 1798 revolution.
3.measure v.&n.
(1)vt.&vi.
We measured the room and found it was 200 feet long and 15 feet wide.
Can you wait till I have finished measuring
(2)n.
An inch is a measure of length.
Step 6 Listening to the tape
Homework
Review words and language points in the text.
Lesson 3
Main points
Words
devote...to...; at present; common; set...free; in the wilds; give a talk; what kind of; explain sth. to sb.; hope&wish; however; one day,some day&another day; stop doing&stop to do...
Difficult points
hope&wish
Teaching procedures
Step 1 Revision
1.check the homework
2.Ask several students to say something about the wildlife endangerment.
Step 2 Word study
Get students to know something about word formation and go over the use.
1.hope&wish
(1)hope
①for+n.
②to do...
③that...
(2)wish
①for+n.
②to do...
③sb./sth.+adj./done/to do...
④sb. sth.
⑤that...
2.stop doing&stop to do
He stopped smoking.(=He didn't smoke any more.)
He stopped to smok.(=He paused and began to smoke.)
Step 3 Grammar
1.Revise the rules for the Direct Speech and Indirect Speech.
2.Practice
(1)Read the news story on P68 in book.Pick out the sertences and then change them into Direct Speech.
(2)Do excercise on P141 in book. Grammar Ex 1.
Homework
1.Go over all words and expressions.
2.Preview: New words and phrases in next part.
Lesson 4
Main points
1.Words
energy; reduce; amount; harmful; material; organize; attractive; be careful with...; throw away; in fact; end up as waste; share; show sth. to sb.
2.Sentence patterns
It is important to do ...
Choose an environmental problem that you think is important.
Teaching porcedures
Step 1 Revision
1.Review the Direct Speech and Indirect Speech.
Change the sentences into Indirect Speech.
2.Make sentences with the following words and expressions.
hope&wish; stop doing&stop to do ; set...free
Step 2 Lead - in
Ss list some ways to protect the environment.
T:There are mays to protect the environment.List some of them.Next we will read a passage to find more ways of protecting environment.
Step 3 Presentation
1.Help the students understand what the passage tells us.
2.Divide the class into groups and discuss to find the answers.
3.Several groups report their answers.
Step 4 Language points
1.It is important to do...
(1)It is+adj./n.+to do sth.
It is wonderful to have a walk in the woods.
(2)It is+adj.+for sb. to do sth.
It was easy for me to answer the question.
(3)It is+adj.+of sb. to do sth.
It's kind of you to think so much of us.
2.show sth. to sb.=show sb. sth.
He showed me a photo of him.
3.be careful with...
be careful with+n.
be careful in+v-ing.
Step 5 Listening
Homework
Revise all the words and expressions in this unit and revise the new words in next unit.一、 谓语动词在人称和数上必须和主语一致
1．The results of the experiment show that you have all made good progress.
2．Between the two buildings stands a monument.
二、如果主语是一个抽象概念,谓语动词用单数
1．Growing vegetables needs constant watering.
2．That we have made brilliant achievements is an iron fact.
三、由and 并列的两个名词做主语时，如果表示的是一个同一概念或者单数概念，谓语动词用单数，否则用复数
1．The iron and steel industry is very important.
2．The teacher and poet often gives lectures around the city.
3. The teacher and the poet are good friends in the city.
4．When and where to build the shopping center has not been decided.
四、如果主语是单数，即使后面跟着由with, together with, as well as, like, but, except等引起的短语，谓语动词仍然用单数(与第一个主语保持一致)
1．An iron and steel works, with some satellite factories, is to be built here.
2．A scientist, together with some assistants, was sent to the flooded area to help in the work.
3．The teacher as well as the students is going to visit the exhibition.
4．None but Xiao Wang knows it.
五、each 和由some, any, no, every构成的复合代词都看作单数
1．Each of us has something to say about the subject. （注意如果是we each 就不一样了）
3．Just a minute, someone is talking with manager.
六、what, which, who, some, more, most, all等代词是单数或是复数要依据意思来定
1．Which is / are your room / rooms
2．What we need is more practice.
3．What he left me are but a few old books.
4．All that can be done has been done.
5．All but you were here just now.
七、none指不可数名词时为单数，指可数名词时为单复皆可，主要取决于说话人头脑中联想到的是单数还是复数
1．None of the books are easy for us.
2．None cares now.
3．None of the information is useful..
八 either, neither通常看作单数
1．Neither of us has passed the examination.
2．Either of them has known it.
九Many a和more than one修饰的词做主语时，谓语动词用单数
1.Many a person has had that kind of experience.
2.More than one expert was invited to the party.
十、分数，百分数 + of + 名词做主语时，主要看名词是单数还是复数；是可数还是不可数
1．More than 70% of the earth is covered with water.
2．Two thirds of the work has been finished so far.
3．60% of the students have arrived.
4．One fourth of the population here are workers.
但，population 单独做主语，为单数
如：What is the population of the city
十一、不可数名词如果被表示数量的名词所修饰，谓语动词用复数
1．Three million tons of coal were exported that year.
2．South of the village were 200 mu of sandy wasteland.
十二、表示时间，数量，长度及价值的名词尽管是复数形式但常被看作一个整体，谓语动词用单数
1．Today ten thousand yuan is not a large number.
2．100 miles was covered in a single night.
十三、or; not only…but also…; neither…nor…; either…or…并列两个主语时，谓语动词和就近的保持一致
1．Not only the students but also the teacher wants to see the film.
2．Neither his parents nor I am able to persuade him to change his mind.
3．Either you or Xiao Li is mistaken.
十四、here, there 引起一个句子而主语又不止一个，谓语动词通常和就近的一个一致
1．Here is a ruler, a few pencils and two copybooks.
2．There is a computer, a typewriter and two telephones on the desk.
十五、有些集体名词可为单数也可为复数，主要依据意思而定
1．His family is not very large.
2．His family are all music lovers.
3．Class 3 is next to Class 2.
4．Class 3 are having a class-meeting this Saturday.
十六、a number of + n为复数；the number of + n为单数
1．A number of books on this subject have been published.
2．The number of books on this subject is amazing.
十七、and 连接的名词前有every, each, no时，谓语动词用单数
1．Every hour and every minute is important to us students.
2．No teacher and no student is excused from taking part in such a heated discussion.
3．Each man and each woman has the equal rights in every field in our country now.
十八、动名词，不定式或者从句做主语时，谓语动词一般要用单数
1. Seeing is believing
2. Who is her father is not known yet.
十九、the +adj.表示一类人时为复数，表示一类物概念时为单数
1．The poor were looked down upon in the old days.
2．The true is always appreciated anytime.
二十、one and a half…为单数
1．One and a half hours is enough for the experiment.
二十一、one of + pl做先行词，后接定语从句且关系代词做主语，定语从句的谓语动词用复数；the one of…/ the very one of… / the only one of…做先行词且关系代词做主语，定语从句的谓语动词用单数
1．He is one of the students who are into computer games.
2．He is the only one of the students who is into computer games.
二十二、表示某些组织机构的名词，虽然形式上是复数，但谓语动词仍用单数
1．The United Nations was founded on October 24, 1945.
2．The United States is the only superpower of the world today.
二十三、表示学科的词以及works(工厂)，news(消息)等，虽然本身为复数形式，但谓语动词仍用单数
1．Mathematics is my poor subject, I even want to give it up.
2．The news that the newly- built nuclear power station is to be put into use next month is true.
PAGE
1(共24张PPT)
定语从句高考点例析
Have a try
指出关系代词（副词）在定语从句中的成份：
1.The man who came to our school is Mr. Wang.
( )
2.The girl (whom) I met is Lucy. ( )
3.A child whose parents are dead is called Tom.
( )
4.I like the book (which) you bought yesterday.
( )
主语
宾语
定语
宾语
Have a try
5. His parents wouldn’t let him marry anyone whose family was poor. ( )
6. I like the person to whom you just talked.
( )
7. We shall never forget the days (that) we spent together. ( )
8. We shall never the days when we lived together.
( )
定语
介宾
宾语
状语
考点一：that和which
以下情况，引导词用that，不用which。
1. 先行词为不定代词everything，little，much，all，anything，nothing。
e.g. Finally, the thief handed everything that he had stolen.
2. 先行词前有形容词最高级、序数词修饰时，用that。
e.g. This is the best book (that) I’ve ever read.
考点一：that和which
3. 先行词被the only，the very，the last 修饰时，用that。
e.g. He is the only person that I want to see now.
4. 先行词同时指人和指物时，用that。
e.g. We talked about the things and persons that we saw then.
5. 定语从句内容为解释名词的性质、概念时，需用that。
e.g. A plane is a machine that can fly.
考点二：连接词which的用法
Which引导非限定性定语从句，其先行词可是一个词,也可是整个主句或主句的某一部分。
e.g. 1. She heard a terrible noise, ______
brought her heart into her mouth.
A. it B. which C. this D. that
2. The weather turned out to be good,
___ was more than we could expect.
A. what B. which C. that D. it
B
B
考点三：介词+关系代词
**** “of + which/whom”可用来限定名词、代词、分数词、数词等。
e.g. 1. In the dark street, there wasn’t a single person ____________ she could turn for help.
A. that B. who C. from whom D. to whom
2. He paid the boy $10 for washing the windows, most of ________ hadn’t been cleaned for at least a year.
A. these B. those C. that D. which
D
D
关系代词前介词的确定
1.根据从句中动词与先行词的逻辑关系，请体会：
e.g. Is that the newspaper for which you often write articles
2. 根据从句中动词或形容词的习惯搭配，如：
e.g. Can you explain to me how to use these idioms about which I’m sure.
3. 根据先行词与介词的搭配习惯，请体会：
e.g. 1949 was the year in which the P.R.C. was founded.
关系代词前介词的确定
4.非限制性定与从句中，要表示先行词的一部分时，可用“数词/代词 + of + 关系代词”的结构，如：
e.g. There are 50 students in our class, two- thirds of whom have been to Beijing.
关系代词前的介词的确定
5. Whose从句可转换为“ of +关系代词”型，如：
e.g. They live in a house, whose door opens to the south.
They lived in a house, of which the door opens to the south.
They lived in a house, the door of which open to the south.
Can you work them out
Fill in the blanks with proper prepositions:
1. The sun gives us heat and light, ________ which we can’t live.
2. The student ________ whom we were talking just now is the best student in our class.
3. I’ll never forget the day _____ which she said good-bye to me.
4. Who can give me the reason ______ which he hasn’t turned up yet
for
about
on
without
考点四:关系副词的运用
在限定性和非限定性从句中，when的先行词是时间名词，where的先行词是地点名词，分别在定语从句中做状语。
e.g.1. After living in Paris for 50 years he returned to the small town ______ he grew up as a child.
A. which B. where C. that D. when
2. It was an exciting moment for these people this year, ______ for the first time their team won the World Cup.
A. that B. while C. which D. when
B
D
考点五：as与which引导的定语从句
两者均可引导非限制性定语从句，有时可以互换，但下列情况多用as。
1. 关系代词引导的定语从句居句首时。
e.g. As we all know, the earth is round.
2. 当与such或the same连用时，一般用as。
e.g. Such books as you tell me are interesting.
I have the same plan as you.
Go on Please!
3. 当从句和主句语义一致时，用as，反之则用which。
e.g.
She has married again, as was expected.
She has married again, which was unexpected.
Go on please!
4. as在从句中作主语时，后面常接行为动词的被动语态，如be known，be said，be reported等，如从句中行为动词是主动语态，一般要用which作主语。
e.g. She has been late again, as was expected.
Tom has made great progress, which made us happy.
Correct the sentences:
1. I’m using the pen which he bought it yesterday.
2. Is that factory which your father once worked in
3. The man whom I spoke is from Canada.
4. July 1,1999 is the day when we’ll never forget.
^
^
__
(去掉)
which
____
to
the one
Correct the sentences:
5. I still remember the holidays I stayed with them.
6. I’m going to work in the hospital where needs me.
7. Those that haven’t been to the West Lake will gather at the school gate.
8. I don’t like the way which you talked to your friend.
in
when
____
who
___
(that/which)
^
^
Correct the sentences:
9.This is the last time when I’ve given you lessons.
10. Soon they came to a farm house,and in front of which sat a small boy.
11. We heard the news which our team won the game.
12. The reason which he explained it sounds reasonable.
____
that
____
that
____
why
it
____
Correct the sentences:
13. Those at the desk want to buy tickets write down your names.
14. That was the reason because she looked old.
15. Miss Chen is the only one of the few teachers who give us wonderful English lessons in our school.
16. Taiwan, that we know, belongs to China.
as
who
______
____
____
gives
why
^
Correct the sentences:
17. It is the one of the best films that have been shown recently.
18. The third place which we are going to visit is Hangzhou.
19. Which is known to all, many satellite are going around in the sky.
20. The students and things which you spoke of are known to us.
that
____
_____
has
As
that
____
____
Correct the sentences:
21.Einstein is such a great scientist that we must learn from.
22. The student who’s book I had borrowed didn’t come to school today.
23. Who is the worker who took some pictures of the factory.
24. The bike by which I travelled was his.
as
_____
Whose
____
that
___
on
____
Homework:
1) Finish off the exercises.
2) Preview Lesson 89.The Subjunctive Mood:
虚拟语气表示说话人的主观愿望、猜测、建议或与事实不符的假设等，也可以表示可能性较小的情况或不可能发生的情况，而不是客观存在的事实（表示客观事实要用陈述语气）。虚拟语气是由句中谓语动词的特殊形式表现出来的。虚拟语气常用于复合句中，也可用于简单句。
一、虚拟语气的用法
I. Present Unreal:
If I (you, he / she, we, they) + 动词过去式 (were, did, had, etc.), should / would / could / might + 动词原形
e.g. If I had HIV, I would know because I would fell sick.
If I were you, I would give an AIDS patient a hug.
II. Past Unreal:
If I (you, he / she, we, they) + had + 过去分词, should / would / could / might + have + 过去分词
e.g. If she had told him about the danger, he would not have got hurt.
If I had known more about giving first aid, I could have helped them.
III. Future impossible:
1. If I (you, he / she, we, they) + 动词过去式 (were, did, had, etc.), … should / would / could / might + 动词原形
e.g. If the teacher asked me to solve the problem next time, I could try my best.
2. If I (you, he / she, we, they) should +动词原形, … should / would / could / might + 动词原形
e.g. If he should fail in the experiment this time, he would try again.
3. If I (you, he / she, we, they) + were to +动词原形, should / would / could / might +动词原形
e.g. If we were to panic, we would not be able to help.
二、虚拟语气应该注意的问题
I. 关于假使条件虚拟语气需注意的几点
1. 如果从句所假设的谓语动词发生的时间与主句所假设的谓语动词发生的时间不一致, 这种假设条件句叫错综时间条件虚拟语气. 其主句和从句谓语动词的构成要根据所假设的时间而定.
1) If I had taken the medicine, I would be better now. 如果我服用了那种药的话, 现在就会好些了.
2) If the weather had been finer, the crops would be growing still better. 如果(前些日子)天气更好些, 庄稼一定会长得更好.
2. If it were not for / had not been for… 也是一种条件虚拟语气从句, 译为 “要不是因为……”.
1) If it hadn’t been for the doctor, he wouldn’t have recovered so soon.
2) If it were not for the lack of space, we would hold the sports meet today.
3. 有些条件是由一些短语引出的 (but for, with, without; otherwise, or, but, etc,)
1) We couldn’t have achieved so much without your help (= If we had not had your help).
2) Without solar radiation, animals and plants would die.
3) With better equipment, we could have done it better.
4) But for electricity (= If there were no electricity), there would be no modern industry.
5) I should have returned the book last week, but I was so busy that I forgot to do so.
6) He was having a meeting; otherwise he would have come over to help us.
7) He felt very tired yesterday, or he would have attended the party.
4. 在某些隐含的虚拟条件简单句中, 虚拟语气可通过上下文表现出来. 谓语动词用虚拟形式.
1) Any men in his position would have done like that.
2) You should (ought to) have come earlier.
II. 虚拟语气祈使语气的混合使用
在有些情况下, 条件从句中的谓语由”should + 原形动词” 构成, 这时主句的谓语动词既可以是虚拟语气或陈述语气, 也可以是祈使语气.
1. If it should rain, the plan will / would be called off.
2. Should anyone phone, please tell them I’m busy.
3. Even if (If) it should get stormy, I will go.
III. 表示要求, 建议, 命令的虚拟语气
表示要求, 建议, 命令的从句中, 谓语动词要用should + 原形动词, 其中可以should 省略. 下列例句可以表示这种虚拟语气.
a. 主宾语从句表示法: suggest, order, request, advise, require, insist, ask, demand, command, propose等动词后面的宾语从句要用原形动词should + 原形动词, 可以省略.
1. The doctor advised that I (should) take a rest.
2. The London dockers demanded that their wages (should) be raised.
3. He insisted that the meeting (should) not be put off.
当suggest, insist 等动词表示”暗示, 坚持说” 时, 其宾语从句中的谓语动词不需要用虚拟语气, 要用陈述语气.
1. Are you suggesting that I am not suited for the job
2. He insisted that he was innocent.
b. 主语从句表示法: 当以上动词用在下列句型中时, 主语从句也应该用should + 原形动词
1. It is suggested that the building (should) be pulled down.
2. It is ordered that the work (should) be started at once.
在It is (was) strange (necessary, wonderful, important, etc.) that…句型中, strange, necessary等后面的主语从句中用should + 原形动词, should可以省略.
3. It is strange that he (should) refuse to come to the party.
4. It is necessary that a doctor (should) be sent for at once.
5. It is important that we should learn from toehrs.
e. 表语从句表示法.
suggestion, proposal, order, advice, demand 等名词作主语时, 其后面的表语从句中也用虚拟语气, 即should + 原形动词, should 也可以省略.
1) My advice is that you (should) give up smoking.
c. wish 后面所跟宾语从句要求谓语动词用虚拟语气.
e.g. I wish that she were here with me and that we weren’t sick.
I wish I had sent the old man to hospital in time.
d. 在as if引起的从句中,动词一般用虚拟语气, 通常用were
e.g. People treat me as if I were a dangerous person.
I remember the whole thing as if it happened yesterday.
f. 同位语从句表示法.
1. That evening came the order that we (should) cross the river at once.
IV. 虚拟语气中常见的句型有
1. It is (high / about) time that… 这一从句的谓语动词用过去式或should + 原形动词, 其中should不可以省略. 此句型译为”该是……时候了”.
2. would rather sb. did sth. / had done sth.
此句型表示”宁愿让某人……”, 如果是没有发生的动作, 从句用过去时; 如果是已经发生的事, 从句用过去完成时.
1) I’d rather you left tomorrow.
2) I’d rather they hadn’t gone to school yesterday.
3. if only…
此句型表示”要是……就好了”. 其后面句子的时态与wish引导的宾语从句相同, 既:如果虚拟现在, 要用一般过去时; 如果是虚拟过去, 要用过去完成时; 如果是虚拟将来, 则应该用 would或 could加原形动词.
1) If only I were a bird!
2) If only I had worked hard as a student!
3) If only I could land on the moon!
4. 连接词in case可用来引起的虚拟语气. 形式通常为: in case + 主语 + should +动词原形. in case句中should 的可以省去, 也可以不用虚拟语气, 而用陈述语气.
1) He took his rain coat with him in case it should rain.
2) He doesn’t dare to leave the house in case he is (should be) recognized.
虚拟语气单项选择:
1. If I had had enough time, I 　　　　　　　my work.　　　　
　A. would finish　　　　　　 B. must have finished
　C. would have finished　　 D. had finished
2. Ten minutes earlier, they 　　　　　　　the plane.　　　　
A. will catch　 B. would catch　C. would have caught　D. will have caught
3. Mr. Green requires that the students 　　　　　　a composition every other week. 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
A. write　　 B. written　　 C. would write　　 D. will write
4. Had he studied hard, he 　　　　　the exam.　　　　　　　　　
A. would pass　B. could pass　C. had passed　 D. would have passed
5. I wish I 　　　　　what is happening there in his room.　
A. know　　 B. known　　 C. knew　　 D. should know
6. It is important that you 　　　　　　　sports every day.　
A. have　　 B. would have　　 C. must have　　 D. will have
7. If there were no water in the world, everything 　　　　.　
A. will die　B. would die　C. would have died　 D. would have been dead
8. 　　　　　 what was going to happen ,I would never have left her alone.　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　A. Had I known　　 B. If I know　C. If I knew　　　 D. If had I known
9. He ordered that the work 　　　　　　　right away.　　　　　
A. should finish　 B. finished　C. would be finished　　 D. be finished
10. — Shall we go to the movie tonight
　 — No, I'd rather 　　　　　　　at home with our baby. You'd better not leave it to the babysitter at night.
　A. you stayed　　 B. you stay　　 C. stayed　　 D. stay
11 .　　　　　 in your position, I would help him.　　　　
A. Was I　　　 B. Were I　　　 C. If I am　　　 D. If I had been
12. I 　　　　　　, but I was stopped by the heavy rain.　　　
A. mean to come　 B. meant to come　
C. had meant to come　 D. meant coming
13. Mrs. Black insists 　　　　　　　　　in that old hotel.　　
A. not to stay　 B. not staying　C. staying not　　D. that he not stay
14. If you had spoken clearly, you would 　　　　　　.　　　　　
A. understand it　 B. have understood
C. be understood D. have been understood
15. If you 　　　　　　 that late movie last night, you wouldn't be so sleepy.　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
A. haven't watched　 B. hadn't watched
C. didn't watch D. wouldn't have watched
16.The foreign friend speaks Chinese so well as if he 　　　　 a Chinese.　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　 A. is　　 B. be　　 C. should be　　 D. were
17. — If he 　　　　, he 　　　　that food.　　　　　
— Luckily he was sent to the hospital immediately.
　 A. was warned; would not take　
B. would be warned; had not taken
　 C. had been warned; would not have taken
　 D. would have been warned; had not taken
18. Without electronic computers, much of today's advanced technology 　　　　　　　　_______ achieved.　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
A. will not be　 B. would not be
C. would not have been　 D. cannot have been　
key : 1.C 2.C 3.A 4.D 5.C 6.A 7.B 8.A 9.D 10.A 11.B 12.C 13.D 14.D 15.B 16.D 17.C 18.C　
虚拟语气实战演练
1. Look at the trouble I am in! If only I _____ your advice. (上海2003)
A. followed B. would follow
C. had followed D. should follow
2. _____ be sent to work there (上海 2002)
A. Who do you suggest
B. Who do you suggest that should
C. Do you suggest who should
D. Do you suggest whom should
3. How I wish every family _____ a large house with a beautiful garden! (上海 2002)
A. has B. had C. will have D. had had
4. He hesitated for a moment before kicking the ball, otherwise he _____ a goal. (上海2001)
A. had scored B. scored
C. would score D. would have scored
5. You didn’t let me drive. If we _____ in turn, you _____ so tired.
A. drove; didn’t get
B. drove; wouldn’t get
C. were driving; wouldn’t get
D. had driven; wouldn’t have got
6. My suggestion is that we _____ a few more assistants to help the engineer working busily on the machine.
A. sends B. sending C. to send D. send
7. The CEO of the company insisted _____ in the five-star hotel.
A. that we not stay B. that we don’t stay
C. we wouldn’t stay D. not to stay
8. It’s high time we students _____ even harder at our lessons as the national entrance examination is coming nearer.
A. work B. will work
C. worked D. have to work
9. It has been proposed that the school sports meet _____ till next weekend because of the recent storm.
A. should be put off B. should put off
C. put off D. would be put off
10. How I wish I _____ to Athens, where the 28th Olympic Games are being held!
A. will pay a visit B. have paid a visit
C. could pay a visit D. had paid a visit
11. Though the girl had been suffering from the blood disease, she acted as if nothing _____ to her while facing her friends and relatives.
A. happened B. happens
C. had happened D. happen
12. If he _____ his legs in the last training, he _____ the coming World Cup, which he has been longing to compete in.
A. hadn’t hurt; would join in
B. hadn’t hurt; would have taken part in
C. didn’t hurt; would go in for
D. didn’t hurt; would have taken part in
13. If I _____ to school tomorrow, I _____ my lessons now.
A. were to go; would do B. would go; would do
C. went; did D. should go; am doing
14. It is demanded that everyone _____ in his seat at 7:00 tomorrow morning.
A. is B. be C. would be D. will be
15. I’d rather you _____ their invitation yesterday.
A. not accept B. wouldn’t accept
C. didn’t accept D. hadn’t accepted
16. If I _____ him yesterday I _____ him about it.
A. saw; would ask B. had seen; would have asked
C. had seen; would ask D. saw; would have asked
17. What do you think would happen if there _____ no light during the days
A. is B. will be C. were D. would be
18. _____ late tomorrow, who would take her place
A. Should Miss Green come B. If Miss Green would come
C. Miss Green should come D. If Miss Green comes
19. It seems as if it ____ already summer now.
A. were B. be C. is D. had been
20. I wish I _____ him the day before yesterday.
A. saw B. could see C. had seen D. was seeing
Key: 1 – 5 CABDD 6 – 10 DACAC 11 – 15 CAABD 16 – 20 BCAAC(共10张PPT)
普通名词
专有名词: English, the United Nations, Zhongshan Park
个体名词：tree, city, teacher
集体名词：class, family, society
物质名词：paper, bread, light
抽象名词：truth, health, music
名 词
物质名词量的表示法
a piece of news, two sheets of paper, two sets of furniture
c.f. three boxes of eggs, two bunches of flowers
名词所有格
Alice’s paintings
New Year’s Day
at the barber’s
five minutes’ talk c.f. a five-minute talk
the window of the room （无生命东西的名词）
the death of Dr. Norman Bethune ( 名词本身较长)
What’s the name of the student sitting near the window （名词的定语较长）
名词双重所有格
当a， an, this, that，these, those, some, any, several, no, every, such, another, which, what等与名词所有格共同修饰一个名词时， 两者不能同时都放在该名词前面，而要用双重所有格表示。
He is a friend of my father’s
This is no fault of John’s
c.f. a picture of his brother’s
a picture of his brother
名词的单复数
1. 可数名词的复数形式：
desk---- desks
class---- classes
factory---- factories
hero---- heroes c.f photo--- photos
leaf--- leaves knife--- knives c.f. roof--- roofs chief---- chiefs
2. 不规则形式：
foot---feet woman--- women tooth--- teeth
a sheep ---- two sheep a deer ---- two deer
an aircraft--- three aircraft
a Chinese--- many Chinese
a Frenchman--- two Frenchmen
a German--- five Germans
looker-on---- lookers-on
father-in-law --- fathers-in-law
grown –up ----- grown ups
man doctor ---- men doctors
名词的用法
主语：The children are playing under the tree.
宾语:
a) She opens the window at five every morning.
b) He looks after the child.
表语 Her daughter is a singer.
宾补 They name the boy Tom.
主补 He is considered an excellent writer.
定语 That is a bicycle factory.
名词的主谓一致
The class is for the plan.
The class are waiting for her.
The savings are for your future use.
The scissors are very sharp.
A pair of scissors is in the drawer.
The cattle are gazing at the foot of the hill.
The police are gathering in the street.
A policeman is asking him several questions.
A deer is over there in the bush.
Three deer are appearing over there in the bush.
Five hundred dollars a month is not much.
Mr. Smith, together with his wife and two sons, is to arrive on the evening flight.
The manager as well as his colleagues was present at the meeting.
The owner and editor of the newspaper is a friend of mine.
The old lead a happy life.
就近原则
Fans or an air-conditioner is necessary for the laboratory.
Neither the students nor the teacher knows anything about it.
Not only the workers but the manager objects to the change.
There’s a book, two pencils and some paper on the desk.语态
1. 语态是动词的一种形式，用以表示主谓之间的关系。语态分为主动语态和被动语态。
2. 把主动语态变成被动语态，是把助动词be变为主动态，动词原来的时态，再加上主要动词的过去分词。主动态，动词的主语这时变成被动态动词的施动者。这个施动者常常被提到。可置于by之后或放在从句的后面。
This chair was made by my father.
3. 各个进行时态的被动态，要求用be的进行时加上主要动词的过去分词，be的这种进行时形式在其他方面很少使用。
主动态：They are repairing the bridge.
被动态：The bridge is being repaired.
主动态：Thery were carrying the injured player off the field.
被动态：The injured player was being carried off the field.
4. 助动词+动词原形结构可借助被动式来构成被动语态：
主动态： You must \should shut these doors.
被动态： These doors must\should be shut.
表示喜欢、热爱、希望、想要及与其相似意义的动词+宾语+不定式，由不定式的被动式结成其被动语态。
主动态：He wants someone to take photographs.
被动态：He wants photographs to be taken .
表示命令、请求、劝告、邀请的动词+间接宾语+不定式，可用主动词的被动式来构成被动语态：
主动态：He invited me to go.
被动态：I was invited to go.
但是，如果是advise\beg\order\recommend\urge +间接宾语+不定式+宾语的结构，则可以构成两种被动语态：
主动态：He urged the Council to reduce the rates.
被动态：1 The Council was urged to reduce the rates.
2 He urged that the rates should be reduced.
至于agree\be anxious \be determine\decide\demand +不定式+宾语，则通常用that ----should 的结构表示被动，同上第二种方式：
主动态：He decided to sell the house.
被动态：He decided that the house should be sold.
5. 被动态通常用于以下各种情况：
动作的实施者很明显，没有必要提到时：
The streets are swept every day.
不知道，不确定或忘记了谁是施动者时：
The minister was murdeded.
主动动词的主语是人们时：
He is suspected of receiving stolen goods.
对所做的事情比对做事的人更感兴趣时：
The house next door has been bought (by a Mr.Jones)
使用被动语态，可避免说出别扭或不合语法的句子时：
When he arrived home a detective arrested him.
最好表示为：When he arrived home he was arrested(by a detective).
6. 用 have +宾语+过去分词表示被动关系：
7. 用在被动语态后面的不定式通常带 的不定式，尽管主动态动词后面可能带的是不带 的不定式：
主动态：We saw them go out.
被动态：They were seen to go out
主动态：He made us work.
被动态：We were made to work.
然而，惟独let的被动态后面的不定式不带to :
主动态：They let us go.
被动态：We were let go.
8. 注意英语中有些情况不能用被动语态：
1) 所有的不及物动词和某些短语，如：
happen \enter\break out \belong to \date from\lose heart\take place
2) 某些动词形态上是助动结构，但却表示被动意义，如表示状态特征的系动词：
look\ feel \smell\ taste\ sound\prove\appear等
The idea sounds interesting.
Good medicine tastes bitter.
又如某些可以与easily ,well等副词连用的动词。
Read\sell\write\wash\clean\weigh\measure\wear
The cloth washed easily.
This kind of goods sells well.
3) 有些动词形式上是被动的，但意义却是主动的，如：
He is seated on a bench.
He is engaged in research.
9. 下列句型常用被动语态：
He is said that – 据说——
He is believed that— 人们相信——
He is hoped that – 人们希望——
He is well known that-- ---众所周知——
Practice:
1. Nowadays Chinese food ___ to be the healthiest one in the world.
A. considers B. is considered C. will consider D. will be considered
2. All the preparations for the task ____, and we are ready to start.
A. completed B. complete C. had been completed D. have been completed
3. Cleaning women in big cities usually get ____ by the hour.
A. pay B. paying C. paid D. to pay
4. --You’ve made great progress in your studies of English, haven’t you – Yes, but much___
A. remains to do B. is remained to do C. remains to be done D. is remained to be done
5. I ____ten minutes to decide whether I should reject the offer.
A. gave B. was given C. was giving D. had given
6. ----Have you moved into the new house -----Not yet, the rooms _____.
A. are being painted B. are painting C. are painted D. are being painting
7. Why don’t you put the meat in the fridge It will ___fresh for several days .
A. be stayed B. stay C. be staying D. have stayed
8. The reporter said that the UFO ____east to west when he saw it .
A. was travelling B. travelled C. had been traveling D. was to travel
9. The price___, but I doubt whether it will remain so.
A. went down B. will go down C. has gone down D. was going down
10. A railway ____between the two cities at present.
A. built B. has built C. are building D. is being built
11. The thief ____by a policeman in plainclothes.
A. has been closely watching B. watches closely
C. has closely watched D. is being closely watched
12. It____to us for many years that the moon has no air.
A. has been known B. are known C. knows D. has known
14.When you come to our college again, a new building_____.
A. will have built B. will be building C. will build D. will have been built
15.He ___in the countryside but he ____in the city.
A. is born ;was brought up B. was born ; was brought up
C. born ;brought up D. is born ;brings up
16.All the traffic _____as a road accident _____.
A. was held up ;was occurred B. was held up; had occurred
C. was held up ;has occurred D. held up; occurred
17. When the bank ____three weeks ago, the police were there waiting for the robbers.
A. were broken into B. has been broken into
C. had been broken into D. was broken into
18.That house is very dirty. You can see it ____for quite a few days .
A. isn’t cleaned B. hasn’t been cleaned
C. wasn’t cleaned D. hadn’t been cleaned
19.The appointment _____some other time. It is raining hard.
A. should have made B. should have been made
C. must have been making D. may make
20.I told the lady that the seat _____already.
A. had taken B. took C. was taken D. had been taken
NMET：
1. 1. If city noises ____ from increasing，people ____ shout to be heard even at dinner．
　　A． are not kept；will have to B． are not kept；have
　　C． do not keep；will have to D． do not keep；have to
2. The fifth generation computers, with artificial intelligence, are ____and perfected now.
　　A. developed B. have developed
C. are being developed D. will have been developed
3. --- ____ the sports meet might be put off． --- Yes，it all depends on the weather．
A． I've been told B． I've told C． I'm told D． I told
4. I need one more stamp before my collection ___.
　　A. has completed B. completes C. has been completed D. is completed
5. Rainforests ___ and burned at such a speed that they will disappear from the earth in the near future. A. cut B. are cut C. are being cut D. had been cut
6. The new suspension bridge ___ by the end of last month.
　　A. has been designed B. had been designed C. was designed D. would be designed
7. When a pencil is partly in a glass of water, it looks as if it ____.
　　A. breaks B. has broken C. was broken D. had been broken
8. Great changes ___ in the city, and a lot of factories ___.
　　A. have been taken place; have been set up 　B. have taken place; have been set up
　　C. have taken place; have set up D. were taken place; were set up
9. That suit __ over 60 dollars.
　　A. had cost B. costed C. is cost D. cost
10. --- Look! Everything here is under construction.--- What’s the pretty small house that __ for
　　A. is being built B. has been built C. is built D. is building
11.--- Do you like the material --- Yes, it ___ very soft.
　　A. is feeling B. felt C. feels D. is felt
12. It is difficult for a foreigner ____ Chinese．
　　A． write B． to write C． to be written D． written
13. I have no more letters ____ ，thank you．
　　A． to type B． typing C． to be typed D． typed
14. Take care! Don’t drop the ink on your shirt, for it __ easily.
　　A. won’t wash out B. won’t be washed out C. isn’t washed out D. isn’t washing out
15. Nobody noticed the thief slip into the house because the lights happened to ___.
　　A. be put up B. give in C. be turned on D. go out
16. The computers on the table ___ Professor Smith.
　　A. belongs B. are belonged to C. belongs to D. belong to
17. --- What do you think of the book ---Oh, excellent. It’s worth ___ a second time.
　　A. to read B. to be read C. reading D. being read
18. The squirrel was lucky that it just missed ___.
A. catching B. to be caught C. being caught D. to catch
19. This page needed ___ again.
　　A. being checked B. checked C. to check D. to be checked
20. ___ many times, the boy still didn’t know how to do the exercises
A. Having taught B. Having been taught C. taught D. Teaching
答案：1---5BDCCA 6---10BABAC
11---15 DDADB 16--20BDBBD
1--5 ACADC 6--10 BCBDA
　　 11--15 CBCAD 16--20 DCCDB
PAGE
1Unit 5 The silver screen
Ｉ. 单元教学目标
技能目标Goals1. Talk about films, famous actors and directors.2. Practise making comments and giving opinions.3. Use the Attributive Clause with prepositions, such as in which or relative adverbs, where, when and why.4. Learn to write about a film.
Ⅱ.目标语言
功能句式 1. 提出看法与作出评价（Giving opinions and Making comments）I think the film has a good beginning/ending.I think that DVDs shouldn’t be sold at such a high price / should be much cheaper.The actors / actresses are... How do you like...？What do you think of / about...？ We think highly of...What do you feel about...？2. 时序（sequence）You studied / worked / acted at different...Later on... First..., and then...What made you decide to...？What did you do next What roles did you act Finally you found a job as...How long have you been working as...
词汇 1. 四会词汇:silver, hero, scene, law, career, drama, role, actress, award, prize, choice, degree, director, speed, script, actor, academy, studio, creature, outer, adult, follow-up, cruelty, peace, industry, owe, happiness, accept, icy, primary, leader, determine, live(adj.), boss, comment, action2. 认读词汇:Bicentennial Man, Jurassic Park, Mulan, Malcolm Langland, Meryl Streep, Julia, Oscar, Kramer vs Kramer, Sophie, Sophie’s Choice, Keanu Reeves, Lebanon, Hollywood, Stepfather, The Matrix, Hardball, Steven Spielberg, Jaws, blockbuster, ET, Elliott, Schindler’s List, Saving Private Ryan, Cate Capshaw, Vincent Van Gogh3. 词组:silver screen, take off, go wrong, owe sth. to sb, in all, stay away, primary school, lock sb. up, run after, bring sb. back, on the air, think highly of
语法 定语从句（the Attributive Clause）(2)1. 描述特定时间的特征——由when或介词+which引导定语从句：This was the moment when / at which Spielberg’s career really took off.2. 描述特定地点的特征——由where 或介词+which引导定语从句：Chuck survives the air crash and lands on a deserted island where / on which there are no people.3. 描述特定原因或理由的内容——由why或介词+which引导定语从句：The reason why / for which Steven Spielberg could not go to the Film Academy was that his grades were too low.
重点句子 1. What is... like 2. The reason why...is / was that...3. keep + n.(宾语) + adj. (宾补)4. 主语+谓语+it（形式宾语）+形容词或名词+ 不定式短语（真正宾语）5. What do you think of /about... 6. make (have, let) sb. (sth.) do7. 过去分词短语作定语
III. 教材分析与教材重组
1. 教材分析
本单元的主题围绕“电影”这一学生感兴趣的热门话题展开，让学生就中外名片展开讨论，发表自己对不同题材电影的观点。课文还向学生介绍了著名的影星及导演，在培养学生兴趣的同时拓展了丰富的课外知识。教会学生如何写好一篇简短而条理清晰的影评，让学生更加专业及规范地发表自己的观点。
1．1 “热身”通过四幅不同题材的电影剧照导入新课，首先让学生欣赏剧照，然后根据剧照谈论剧情，展开联想，推测电影的开头与结尾，以激发学生的学习兴趣，同时复习使用I (don’t) think... , It’s about... 诸如此类的句式。
1．2 “听力”部分的内容是有关电影演员Malcolm Langland的生平。通过记者采访与演员问答的形式，将信息传递给学生。其目的是通过听力训练学生获取“影星生平”的信息，同时复习It was...，the reason why...，等语言结构。
1．3 口语部分提供的材料是好莱坞影星Meryl Streep 和 Keanu Reeves的生平。这部分采用了“信息差”的形式，要求每名学生只读其中一篇材料，然后通过向对方提问了解另一篇材料的内容。这种活动的设计，从听说两方面着手，有利于提高学生灵活运用语言的能力。
1.4 “读前”部分简述了Steven Spielberg早期拍电影时的一些情况，让学生想象：假如他们现在有机会拍电影的话，他们将拍什么内容的电影。教材设计有助于培养学生的发散思维，为下一步阅读做好铺垫。
1.5 “阅读”部分是一片传记体的短文，介绍当前好莱坞最有影响的导演、艺术家——Steven Spielberg的创作生涯和一些作品。学生可以从中进一步了解著名导演及其执导的几部影片，也能体验一些荧屏的模式。
1.6 “读后”部分要求学生在小组里讨论五个问题，目的在于了解学生对文章理解的程度，以及训练学生的推理能力和综合能力。另一个练习要求学生用完整的句子描述电影，训练学生写电影简介的能力。
1.7 “语言学习”分词汇和语法两部分，其中，Word Study 是根据语境在运用中掌握词汇。语法部分是关于由关系副词when, where, why引导的定语从句，和由“介词和关系代词”引导的定语从句。
1.8 综合技能分两部分。阅读部分是张艺谋导演的《一个都不能少》，作为范文。写作部分为学生整理出一个提纲，让学生学写影评。
2. 教材重组
2.1 从话题内容上分析，WARMING UP 与SPEAKING相一致；而从训练目的上分析与TALKING比较一致。从教材份量来说，可将WARMING UP，SPEAKING和Workbook中的TALKING整合在一起，设计成一节任务型“口语课”。
2.2 将LISTENING 和Workbook中的LISTENING整合在一起，设计成一节 “听力课”。
2.3 可将PRE-READING, READING和POST-READING三个活动整合在一起上一节“阅读课（一）”。
2.4 可将LANGUAGE STUDY 与Workbook中的PRACTISING语法练习题整合在一起上一节“语法课”。
2.5 可将INTEGRATING SKILLS 中Reading in Part 1,和Workbook中INTEGRATING SKILLS 的Reading整合起来上一节“阅读课（二）（泛读课）”。
2.6 将INTEGRATING SKILLS 中的Parts 2, 3, 4和Workbook中INTEGRATING SKILLS 的Writing整合成一节“写作课”。
3. 课型设计与课时分配（经教材分析，根据学情，本单元可以用六课时教完）
1st Period 口语课
2nd Period 听力课
3rd Period 阅读课
4th Period 语法课
5th Period 泛读课
6th Period 写作课
Ⅳ 分课时教案
The First Period Speaking
Teaching goals 教学目标
1. Target language 目标语言
a. 重点词汇和短词 silver, screen, hero, award, prize, choice ,degree, director, speed
b. 交际用语
You studied / worked / acted at different...
First..., and then...
What did you do next
Finally you find a job as...
Later on...
What made you decide to...
What roles did you act
How long have you been working as...？
2. Ability goals 能力目标
Enable the students to talk about some famous films, actors and directors in English and make comments and give opinions. Enable the students to get familiar with the form of interviewing.
3. Learning ability goals 学能目标
Through doing oral practice, enable the Ss to grasp how to express their opinions.
Teaching important points 教学重点
Let students learn to use the structures of expressing and supporting an opinion.
Teaching difficult points 教学难点
How to describe a person by means of making comments and giving opinions.
Teaching aids 教具准备
1. A computer
2. A projector
Teaching methods 教学方法
1. Speaking
2. Task-based learning
3. Group work
Teaching procedures && ways 教学过程与方式
Step I Revision
The students check the reading exercises at page 107; the teacher shows answers on the screen.
T: Good morning/afternoon everyone. First, let’s check our homework—Exercises together.
StepⅡ Warming up (pair work)
Talk about films with the help of the teacher.
T: We have learnt the unforgettable experiences in Unit Four, while in this unit let’s talk about another kind of experience, seeing a film in the cinema. Have you ever seen any good films in the cinema Now you can talk about the films you have seen.
Sa: The film E.T. is directed by Steven Spielberg. It tells a story about an alien creature. E.T. is mistakenly left behind on Earth. When a young boy, Elliott, finds him and hides him in his home, both their worlds are changed forever.
Sb: I have seen the film Saving Private Ryan, it is about the war. The war is cruel, but at last love and peace win the war.
T: Do you have any favorite actors or actresses Now let me show you some famous actors. (Show students some pictures about famous actors or actresses on the screen.)
Stephen Chow(周星驰)
Birthday and Place: Hong Kong in June 1962 (be born)
Childhood： Deeply attracted by Bruce Lee (李小龙), study martial art(武术)
Education: After high school, join Hong Kong’s TBV acting school, 1982
Way of Success： play a role in Final Justice, 1988, Journey to the West, Shaolin Soccer, More than 50 films, 1990—now
Prizes: become No.1 Hong Kong film actor, 1990s become “Asian Hero” chosen by Time Magazine
Maggie Cheung （张曼玉）
Mini Biography:
Born on September 20, 1964 in Hong Kong. Moved at the age of 8 with her family to England, UK. Upon finishing secondary school she returned to Hong Kong where she began modeling and appearing in commercials. In 1983 she participated in the Miss Hong Kong pageant for which she was awarded first runner-up. This proved not to be a detriment as she went on to become a star of both HK television and film.
Do the Warming up exercises on page 29
T: Let’s look at the pictures on page 29. They are taken from different films. Are you familiar with them Please discuss the following questions with your partners.
(The teacher shows these questions on the screen.)
Qs:
(1) What is happening in this scene
(2) What do you think happened before this scene
(3) What do you think will happen after this scene
(4) What kind of film do you think this is
T: Are you ready to talk about these questions Now let’s go through them one by one. First, please show your opinions about scene one.
Sa: It seems cold in the picture, so they collect wood to make fire for cooking or heating their houses.
Sb: The man looks strange, I think the film is about the future.
Sc: Another possibility is that they will use the wood to build a boat with which they try to get away from the island on which they are cast away.
T: That’s wonderful. Scene one is a science fiction film, it’s a film about the future, and it’s a fantastic film. Then, how about scene two Does anybody know something about scene two
Sa: We can see a dinosaur and two men in the picture. I think the dinosaur is in danger and the men will save them.
Sb: I don’t think so. I think it will then hunt the men. The men will run and try to escape.
Sc: Maybe the dinosaur will catch him and then eat him alive.
Sa: Another possibility is that an even bigger dinosaur comes and attacks this one, and while they are fighting, they forget about the man. The dinosaurs kill each other and then the men can escape.
T: Okey. That’s very good. Scene 2 is a science fiction film, it’s a film about the future, too. It’s still a fantasy film. Now let’s move to scene three. If you want to say something about scene three, please raise your hand.
Sa: I think the men will move some of the little flags on the map, and decide where and when they will attack the following day.
Sb: I agree with you. Maybe after making that decision, they will drink some wine and go to bed early to rest and prepare for the next day.
T: You said it. Scene 3 is a film made of drawings, and it’s a film based on history. Then how about scene four
Sa: I think the woman will attack the man with the sword and then they will fight. They will jump over each other, and fly through the sky.
Sb: How exciting! First they are using the swords but later they will also fight very quickly using their hands and arms. When one of them loses, that will be the moment when the two armies attack each other.
T: You have done a good job, let me make a conclusion. Scene 4 is an animation film. And it’s also a historical film. It was directed by the famous director Zhang Yimou.
Step Ⅲ Speaking (group work)
Divide the whole class into two groups, (row 1, 3, 5, 7 are group A, row 2, 4, 6, 8 are group B)
T: Finish talking about the pictures, let’s do some oral practice. Now, turn to page 30, please look at the pictures of the two famous film stars. Does any body know who they are
Ss: They are Meryl Streep and Keanu Reeves.
T: Yes, you are right, it’s time for group work. Now, listen to me, row 1, 3, 5, 7 are group A, please read the biography of Meryl Streep; Row 2, 4, 6, 8 are group B, please read the biography of Keanu Reeves. You should get as much information as you can, and try to use the following sentence structures.
(Show the sentence structures on the screen.)
You studied /worked/ acted at different...
What did you do next
What made you decide to...
What roles did you act
(five minutes later)
T: Have you finished Now group A please sit this side, while group B please sit that side, and you can interview each other now. First, group A please play your dialogue.
(The dialogue about interviewing Meryl Streep.)
R: Reporter M: Meryl Streep
R: Welcome to join our wonderful programme. Today in our programme, our guest is the famous actress Meryl Streep. How are you, Mrs Streep
M: Fine, thank you.
R: Mrs. Streep, would you mind me asking some questions about your life
M: Of course not.
R: Okey, so could you tell us something about the place where you grew up
M: Actually, I was born in a really small village in America in 1949.
R: I know that you studied at different art schools. Could you please tell us something about the time when you were young Did you have any dreams about the future And what made you decide to become an actress
M: I think I’ve always wanted to become an actress since I was a little girl. That’s why first I went to drama school after graduating from high school. And then, as a student I enjoyed acting in theatre plays.
R: What did you do after that Were there any special reasons why you started working in film
M: I enjoy being an actress. Film is very interesting, because you can reach so many people around the world. I also still enjoy acting in the theatre, though most of my work is for the film. Anyway, I like this job.
R: I see. Can you tell us a little bit more about your career as a film star What roles did you act
M: My first film was called Julia, back in 1997.Some of my favorite films were Sophie’s Choice, later on Out of Africa, and more recently, the film called The Music of the Heart.
R: Mrs Streep, thank you for this interesting talk. We hope that you can act more films.
M: I hope so, and I’ll try my best. Thank you.
T: Excellent. You have done a good job. Group B, it’s your turn to act the dialogue.
(The dialogue about interviewing Keanu Reeves.)
R: the reporter K: Keanu Reeves
R: We will be talking to Mr. Keanu Reeves in today’s show. Welcome to our talk show, Mr. Reeves.
K: It’s my pleasure.
R: Mr. Reeves, I think many people are interested in knowing the place where you grew up Could you tell us something about that.
K: Sure. First, let me say that I’ve been very lucky with my parents. When I was born, we lived in Lebanon, where I spent my early years, after that moved to Toronto, a big city in Canada, where I grew up and went to high school.
R: How about your childhood Please tell us something more about the time when you were young.
K: First, I want to say something about the city. Toronto was a big city. I didn’t like to go to school, so I left high school without a degree when I was 17. I started doing all kinds of small jobs to make money.
R: What made you decide to become an actor And how did you get success
K: I went from one small job to another. Finally, after about two years, I was asked to act in a film called Woof Boy.
R: I know. So what made you stay in the film world
K: That’s because of my stepfather. He is a film director. I had very much enjoyed acting in Woof Boy, and two years later I moved to Hollywood, where my stepfather lived. I hoped he could help me start a career in film.
R: Can you tell us a bit more about your career What kind of roles did you act
K: Well, I think it wasn’t easy. I acted in many cheap films for a few years, until I was asked for a film called Speed. That was in 1994. The film was a big success and since then I have acted in more than 12 films, such as The Matrix and Hardball.
R: Mr. Reeves, thank you for this interview, and good luck with your career.
K: That’s my pleasure. Thanks.
T: Thank you for your good job. I’m very satisfied with your work. Through the dialogues we have known more information about the two famous persons clearly.
Step Ⅳ Talking (Work Books) page 109
T: It’s time to talk. Now please turn to page 110. Today’s topic is copyrights. Imagine you are on a talk show, and discuss the problem about copyrights in groups of five. First, finish the role cards, and then make a decision.
(Students are getting ready.)
T: Are you ready Very good, let me check your work. Which group would like to make a TV talk show
(ask one group to act it out)
Role A: an actor——A Role B: a fan——F
Role C: a shopkeeper——S Role D: a policeman——P
Role E: the host——H
H: Good evening ladies and gentlemen, welcome to our talk show tonight. This time we are going to talk about copyrights in China. As we all know, for many years many people are used to buying cheap CDs, VCDs and DVDs. Especially since China joined the WTO, there has been growing concern to protect the rights of artists. Cheap DVDs often cost only six to twelve yuan, but the official price in the shops is around 65 to 70 yuan. Many people are worried that if prices are getting higher in the shops, some people will no longer be able to afford buying CDs and VCDs. F, what’s your opinion in this matter
F: Well, I’m a film fan and I really try to keep up with all the films that come out. It usually takes some time before new films are shown on TV and cinema tickets are also getting more and more expensive. I think that DVDs should be much cheaper, because many people, like me, don’t have so much money to buy them when they are 70 yuan each.
A: I’m afraid, I don’t agree with you. Artists have to make a living, and our income comes from selling DVDs. DVDs should be sold at high prices to give some money to those who have worked hard to make the DVDs. People forget that it costs money to make the discs, the boxes. the covers and so on. Besides, not only the artist, but also the studio, the producer and the musicians must be paid. If you think about all that, then in fact, DVDs are not very expensive.
F: Well, that’s not true of course. 70 yuan is a lot of money. I have heard from my key pals that DVDs in the West cost about the same price. But of course it is much cheaper to make them in China, so that means a lot of money disappears into somebody’s packet.
A: You may be right. But I can tell you that that’s not the artist’s pocket. A lot of money goes to the shopkeeper’s.
H: S, you are a shopkeeper. What do you think about this
S: Well, I disagree with A. Of course, shopkeepers need to make some money on the sales of discs. We have to make a living as well. A should be happy that we sell his/her work, because without our shops everywhere in China, people would not buy their discs at all. But of course I agree with F. DVDs should not be too expensive for people. I sell cheap DVDs because I know that many people would not buy them if they were much more expensive and also because it is good for my shop. If nobody can afford expensive discs, and nobody buys, I have to close my shop and I lose my job. I don’t think DVDs should be sold at higher prices because people will stop buying and perhaps start to make their own copies on their computers.
H: OK, next let’s listen to what P has to say about this matter. P, what’s your opinion
P: Well, I’m a policeman, and of course what I person-ally think is not so important. We have made laws in our country and there are rules and agreements that we must all follow in the world. Selling cheap DVDs should be stopped because it is against the law and it’s like stealing money from the artists.
A: Exactly!
P: Besides, making and selling illegal copies of CD/DVDs of foreign artists many foreigners think in a bad way about China, so it’s important that we live by the law and international rules and agreements such as the WTO. On the other hand, the police don’t have enough time to check out all the shops in every part of China.
F: Well, of course I know that both foreign and Chinese artists should make their money, but the point is that DVDs are much too expensive. Perhaps discs should be more than ten yuan, but 70 yuan is really much too expensive. I don’t believe it is so expensive to make the discs. Many books that are published in China are also much cheaper than abroad.
S: I agree with F. I don’t think DVDs should be sold at higher prices because there are many people in China. It’s better to sell 500 discs for 20 yuan than to sell 100 for 70, isn’it Everybody can make much more money.
H: Very well. I think we’ll have to round off the discussion. As P has explained, both Chinese law and international rules for copyrights and the WTO say that only legal copies can be sold. F and S agree that DVDs should not be sold at higher prices. They also think that more discs can be sold if the price of discs is lower because there are many people in China, and it is better to sell 500 discs for 20 yuan than to sell 100 for 70. Perhaps a price of around 25 yuan would be possible. When the prices are lower, there won’t be as many illegal copies and that is better for the society and also for economy. In fact, lower prices are good for everybody. I want to thank everybody for their contribution to this interesting discussion. Thank you, that’s all for today.
After looking at the students’ work, the teacher makes a conclusion.
T: Excellent. It’s good for you to think about the social problem.
StepⅤ Homework
1. Practise talking at page 109 after class, and each group should write a conclusion about your opinion of copyright.
2. Preview: Search some information on the internet about Malcolm Langland.名 词：
普通名词：
个体名词：tree, city, teacher
集体名词：class, family, society
物质名词：paper, bread, light
抽象名词：truth, health, music
专有名词：English, the United Nations, Zhongshan Park
物质名词量的表示法： a piece of news, two sheets of paper, two sets of furniture
c.f. three boxes of eggs, two bunches of flowers
名词所有格:
Alice’s paintings
New Year’s Day
at the barber’s
five minutes’ talk c.f. a five-minute talk
the window of the room （无生命东西的名词）
the death of Dr. Norman Bethune ( 名词本身较长)
What’s the name of the student sitting near the window （名词的定语较长）
名词双重所有格：
当a， an, this, that，these, those, some, any, several, no, every, such, another, which, what等与名词所有格共同修饰一个名词时， 两者不能同时都放在该名词前面，而要用双重所有格表示。
He is a friend of my father’s
This is no fault of John’s
c.f. a picture of his brother’s
a picture of his brother
名词的单复数：
Which of the following that you often get confused
可数名词的复数形式：
desk---- desks
class---- classes
factory---- factories
hero---- heroes c.f photo--- photos
leaf--- leaves knife--- knives c.f. roof--- roofs chief---- chiefs
不规则形式：
foot---feet woman--- women tooth--- teeth
a sheep ---- two sheep
an aircraft--- three aircraft
a Chinese--- many Chinese
a Frenchman--- two Frenchmen
a German--- five Germans
looker-on---- lookers-on
father-in-law --- fathers-in-law
grown –up ----- grown ups
man doctor ---- men doctors
名词的用法：
1． 主语：The children are playing under the tree.
2． 宾语: a) She opens the window at five every morning.
b) He looks after the child.
3． 表语 Her daughter is a singer.
4． 宾补 They name the boy Tom.
5． 主补 He is considered an excellent writer.
6． 定语 That is a bicycle factory.
名词的主谓一致：
The class is for the plan.
The class are waiting for her.
The savings are for your future use.
The scissors are very sharp.
A pair of scissors is in the drawer.
The cattle are gazing at the foot of the hill.
The police are gathering in the street.
( A policeman is asking him several questions.)
A deer is over there in the bush.
Three deer are appearing over there in the bush.
Five hundred dollars a month is not much.
Mr. Smith, together with his wife and two sons, is to arrive on the evening flight.
The manager as well as his colleagues was present at the meeting.
The owner and editor of the newspaper is a friend of mine.
The old lead a happy life.
就近原则：
Fans or an air-conditioner is necessary for the laboratory.
Neither the students nor the teacher knows anything about it.
Not only the workers but the manager objects to the change.
There’s a book, two pencils and some paper on the desk.
Exercise 1 Nouns
Multiple choices:
1. There are ______ on her mother’s head.
A. a little grey hairs B. a few grey hairs
C. a lot of grey hair D. some grey hair
2. ________ has been tried to finish the work in time.
A. Every possible means B. Every possible mean
C. All means possible D. All mean possible
3. These shoes are too small, please bring me a bigger ______.
A. one B. pair C. set D. shoes
4. Every new ______ has the possibility of making or losing money.
A. event B. venture C. adventure D. expectation
5. Let’s read _________.
A. the paragraph six B. the six paragraph
C. the paragraph sixth D. paragraph six
6. ________ is a computer engineer.
A. This Tom’s old friend B. That’s Tom’s old friend
C. This old friend of Tom D. This old friend of Tom’s
7. Those three old men each have two ______.
A. son-in-law B. sons-in-law
C. sons-in-laws D. son-in-law
8. He raised a lot of ______ on the farm.
A. sheeps and goats B. sheep and goats
C. sheep and goat D. sheeps and goat
9. He bought two _____ and cut each into two ______.
A. loafs of breads; halves B. loaf of bread; halfs
C. loaves of breads; halfs D. loaves of bread; halves
10. His office is in a big building in ______ .
A. the city of Nanjing B. Nanjing city
C. the Nanjing D. the City Nanjing
11. His father gave him a _______.
A. five dollars bill B. five-dollars bill
C. five-dollar bill D. five dollars’bill
12. _______ and _______ do not look alike.
A. Englishman; German B. Englishmen; Germans
C. Englishman; Germans D. Englishmen; German
13.______ are searching for a tall dark man.
A. The policeman B. Police
C. The police D. Polices
14. Jane did a very good _____. The manager was satisfied with her _______.
A. work; job B. job; work
C. work; business D. business; works
15. The police asked him for ______ on the accident
A. information B. informations
C. an information D. some informations
16. Peter carried one of the ________ for the teacher.
A. box of books B. boxes of books
C. boxes of book D. books’ boxes
17. These ______ are very expensive.
A. women handbags B. woman’s handbags
C. woman handbags D. women’s handbags
18. The country’s wealth comes chiefly from its many _______.
A. herd of cattle B. herd of cattles
C. herds of cattle D. herds of cattles
19. I went to the market and bought some ______ and ______.
A. potatoes; tomatoes B. potatos; tomatos
C. potatoes; tomatos D. potatos; tomatoes
20.What _____ it is to jump into the water to swim in the hot weather!
A. a fun B. funs C. the funs D. fun
21. What ______ we have today!
A. a fine weather B. fine weathers
C. fine weather D. the fine weather
22. Before we moved into the new house, we bought many _______.
A. a furniture B. furnitures
C. pieces of furniture D. furniture pieces
23. Our ______ protect us from the cold.
A. dress B. clothing C. clothes D. cloth
24. This is a _______ report.
A. three-thousand-word B. three-thousand- words
C. three-thousands-words D. three-thousands-word
25.Did you ask for _______ leave
A. two days’ B. two-day C. two days D. two-day’s
Keys:
1-5 babbd 6-10dbbda 11-15 cbcba 16-20 bacAD 21-25 CCCAA
Tests about Nouns from NMET
1. _______ work has been done to improve the people’s living standard.
A. Many B. A great many
C. A large number of D. A great deal of
2. ________ turn green in spring.
A. Leaf B. Leafs
C. Leave D. Leaves
3. Father went to his doctor for ______ about his heart trouble.
A. an advice B. advice C. advices D. the advices
4. It is impossible for so ______ workers to do so _____ work in a single day.
A. few; much B. few; many
C. little; much D. little; many
5. He dropped the ______ and broke it.
A. cup of coffee B. coffee’s cup
C. cup for coffee D. coffee cup
6. We’ve missed the last bus. I’m afraid we have no ______ but to take a taxi.
A. way B. choice C. possibility D. selection
7. Here’s my card. Let’s keep in ______.
A. touch B. relation C. connection D. friendship
8. He gained his _______ by printing ______ of famous writers.
A. wealth; work B. wealths; works
C. wealths; work D. wealth; works
9.-I’d like _____ information about the management of your hotel, please.
- Well, you could have _____ word with the manager. He might be helpful.
A. some; a B. an; some C. some; some D. an; a
10. We waited _____ for the bus.
A. long time B. a long time
C. the long time D. some long time
11. I’ll look into the matter as soon as possible. Just have a little _____.
A. wait B. time C. patience D. rest
12. Many countries are increasing their use for natural gas, wind and other forms of ______
A. energy B. source C. power D. material
13. ______ friends Betty had made there were all invited to her birthday party.
A. Few of B. Few C. The few D. A few
14. If by chance someone comes to see me, ask them to leave a ______.
A. message B. letter C. sentence D. notice
15. These football players had no strict ______ until they joined our club.
A. practice B. education C. exercise D. training
16. We have worked out the plan and now we must put it into ______.
A. fact B. reality C. practice D. deed
17. – Who did you spend last week with
- ______.
A. Palmer’s B. The Palmers’ C. The Palmers D. the Palmer’s
18. You’ll find this map of great ______ in helping you to get round London.
A. price B. cost C. value D. usefulness
19. My parents always let me have my own _____ of living.
A. way B. method C. manner C. fashion
20. The new law will come into _____ on the day it is passed.
A. effect B. use C. service D. existence
21. We all know that _____ speak louder than words.
A. movements B. performances C. operations D. actions
22. –Can you shoot that bird at the top of the tree
-No, it’s out of _____.
A. range B. reach C. control D. distance
Keys
1-5 ddbad 6-10 badab 11-15. cacad 16-20 cccaa 21-22. daUnit 9 Technology
Teaching Aims and Demands
Words and Phrases
item agreement disagreement disagree absolutely depend press throughout add remind appointment behavior obey dare case whatever according unexpected particular negative interview department electricity defeat force succeed break down stay in touch with in case of call for according to take over teenager image latest calendar clone planet wonder peaceful skip
Spoken English:
Agreement and disagreement:
Absolutely
That’s exactly what I was thinking.
That’s a good point.
That’s just how I see it.
That’s worth thinking about.
I disagree. /Well, yes, but …
I’m afraid I don’t agree.
You can’t be serious.
I would have to disagree with that.
I would have to disagree with that.
Well, I am not so sure about that.
Grammar:
The Present Continuous Passive Voice:
1．用英语描述事物正受到某种影响或某种处理――使用现在进行时被动语态（is/are being +过去分词）。例如：
New functions are being added to the phones.
Michael is being interviewed for the job.
Modern cellphones are being used as cameras and radios.
2．用英语描述人物正受到某种影响或某种处理――使用现在进行时被动语态（is /am/are being+过去分词）。例如：
The new student is being introduced to the class.
Look! The children are being led into the garden.
Use of Language:
1. Master the function use of language as defined above.
2. Help the students to finish the tasks of listening, reading, writing, speaking presented in the book and the exercise book through using what the students have learned.
Learn the text about technology and finish the related exercises.
Important points: the use of the Present Continuous Passive Voice.
Difficult points: the use of the Present Continuous Passive Voice.
Teaching aids: tape-recorder and computer.
Way of Teaching: Communication way of teaching, discussion and group work.
Lesson 1
Step 1 Warming-Up
Because the first part is designed to arose the students interest about creativity and practice problem solving skills. So ask the students to finish the exercise in the warming-up part.
Step 2 Listening
Listen to the tape and finish the exercise in the listening part.
Extension: Here we may encourage the students to make a guessing game. Encourage the students to supply more examples for guessing.
Step 3 Speaking
Divide the students into groups and make sure that the students know what they are going to do. If it is necessary put cards in front of each students to remind them which is which.
In the meanwhile, list the key sentences they can use to show others their opinion.
Agreement
Absolutely.
That’s exactly what I was thinking.
That’s a good point.
That’s worth thinking about.
Disagreement
I disagree.
I’m afraid I don’t agree.
Well, it depends.
Well, I’m not sure about that.
Step 4 Homework
Ask the students to prepare some information about the development of new technology for the next class.
Lesson 2
Step 1 Introduction
First get the students to mention some important inventions of the world that they prepared last class. And then list the positive and negative effects on our life.
Step 2 Reading
Fast-reading
Get the students to read the first paragraph of the text quickly to find the main idea of it.
The main idea is: it discusses the increasing popularity of cellphone in Chinese society. Cellphones are everywhere and have positive and negative effects on our life.
Carefully-reading
The students read the text more carefully. Then answer the following questions 1-4 in the Post-reading part.
Step 4 Post-reading
Ask the students to find the outline of the text --- that is how the text is organized, if it is necessary, explain the language points in the text. Finish the exercise 2 as well.
Step 5 Homework
1). Finish exercise 3 on page 60. the students may use the questions below it as a guide.
2). Translate the sentences in exercise 4 on page 135.
Lesson 3
Step 1 Revision
Ask several students to report their design of the new cellphone.
Step 2 Word-study
Finish the exercise in the word study part.
Finish the exercises 1 and 2 on page 134 as well.
Step 3 Grammar
First ask the students to list the sentences containing the use of Present Continuous Passive Voice.
1.Words and images are being sent throughout the world.
2. … They are being used as cameras and radios, …
3.New functions are being added to the phones.
4.They are being used everywhere – sometimes where they shouldn’t.
Then get the students to find the formation of the Present Continuous Passive Voice: be + being + pp.
Step 4 Consolidation
Finish the exercises on page 61.
Step 5 Homework
Finish the exercise about grammar on page 136.
Lesson 4
Step 1 Revision
Check the homework.
Step 2 Reading
Ask the students to read the text to find the main idea of the text: the world is ruled by the machines now and people lost happiness. Love and friendship do not exist any longer. There is only one hope --- that is you. Write a letter to the ruler Q12 to try manage to persuade it give up it inhuman ruling.
Step 3 Writing
Thinking that it is a little difficult for the students to write on such an abstract topic, we can first show them a letter as an example and try to analysis the way to write a good article. Here we may use the tips on page63 as aguide.
Step 4 Homework
Revise the text in this unit.情态动词的用法
情态动词表示“可能”、“必须”等意义，但不能单独作谓语，必须与另一动词原形构成谓语，一般没有人称、数的变化。
1．can, could（能）
表示一般现在时和一般过去时两种时态，有时也能表示将来时。所有其他时态（包括将来时）须用to be able 加动词不定式来表示。
①What can I do for you 我能为你做什么吗？
②It surely can't be eleven o'clock already. 不可能已经十一点钟了。
③We were sure that he could pass the test.我们肯定他能通过测试。
④Will you be able to finish the chemical experiment today 你今天能做完这个化学实验吗？
⑤The seventy-year-old man has been able to swim in the ocean in winter for twenty years.这位七十岁的老人冬天能在海里游泳已经有二十年的历史了。
2．may
①May I come in 我可以进来吗？（表示允许或请求）
②You may go now.你现在可以走了。
●may表示允许的否定形式是must not（“不应该”、“不许”）。
③----May I take this book home ----No, you mustn't.我可以把这本书拿回家吗？——不行。
④She may not go to the library tonight.
今晚她可能不去图书馆了。（表示说话人的猜测，认为某一事情“或许”或“可能”发生。）
⑤The news may or may not be true.消息也许是真的，也许不是真的。（猜测）
●may用在感叹句中可表示祝愿、愿望。如：
⑥May you succeed.祝你成功。
3．might(might为may的过去式)
①Mr. Li said he might visit Cambridge University.李先生说他可能去参观剑桥大学。
●might也可代替may，表示现在时间的动作，但语气较委婉，客气或更加不肯定。
②Might I use this phone 我可以用这个电话吗？
③The singing star might not come today.今天歌星也许不来了。
4．must必须，应当
①You must get to the airport before nine o'clock. 你必须在九点以前到达飞机场。
②Your homework must be clear and complete.你的作业应当清楚完整。
③He must be in the reading room now.他现在准是在阅览室。（表示说话人对事物的推测）
④She must be writing a letter to her mother.
她现在一定在给她妈妈写信。（must加动词不定式进行时也可表示对现在发生的动作的推测，表示“一定”或“准是”的意思。）
⑤The road is wet. It must have rained last night.
马路湿了，昨晚一定下雨了。（must加动词不定式的完成式，说明对过去事物的推测，表示“一定”或“准是”的意思。）
●两种否定式的比较
must not表示“不应该”、“不许可”，语气比较强烈。如：
We mustn't waste our time.我们不应该浪费我们的时间。
need not（不必）表示must在意义上的否定。如：
Must we clean our classroom today ----No, you needn't.我们必须今天清扫教室吗？——不，不必。
5．have to（不得不，必须）
①To launch satellites into space, we have to use big powerful rockets.要把卫星射入太空我们必须得使用巨型强力火箭。
②There is no bus to the village and we have to walk there.没有到那个村子的公共汽车，我们必须步行去那里。
6．need需要
用于疑问句及否定句，单数第三人称不加-s，后接动词原形。（在肯定句里既可用做情态动词又可用做实义动词。当用做实义动词时，单数第三人称加-s，并有时态变化。）
①Need we go to the factory on foot 我们今天需要步行去工厂吗？
②You needn't do your homework in class. You may do it after class. 你不必在课堂上做作业，你可以课后做。
●needn't后加动词的完成式时，指过去已做了但不需做的动作。
③You needn't have bought the new watch, as the old one could be repaired.你本可以不必买只新表，因为旧表能修好。
④You needn't have brought your umbrella． It is going to be clear up.你本可以不必带伞，天就要晴了。
●didn't have to和didn't need to表示过去未做也不需做的动作。如：
⑤I didn't have to help her with her mathematics, for she is good at math.我没有必要帮她数学，她擅长数学。
⑥She knew the way to the library, so you didn't need to show her the way.她知道去图书馆的路，所以你没有必要给她指路。
7．should应当
①You should listen to your father's advice.你应当听你爸爸的话。（表示“劝告”、“建议”）
②The doctor should be here by now.医生现在可能到了。（表示“预测”、“可能”）
③She should be on campus.她应当在校园里。（表示“预测”、“可能”）
④Why should I leave 我干吗要离开？（表示“不满”、“惊奇”）
●should后跟动词不定式的完成式时，这时句子指的是过去的事情。如果是肯定句，说明事情本应完成而未完成；如果是否定句表示发生了不应当发生的事情。如：
⑤ The little boy shouldn't have eaten the apple without washing it first.这个小男孩不应当不洗苹果就吃。
⑥You should have worked hard earlier.你早就应当努力学习了。
●should的语气比must轻，可用于各人称。
8．ought to 应当，总该
语气比should重，比must轻，表示有“义务”或“必要”做某件事，还可表示“劝告”等。
①You ought to practice more.你应该多练习。
②You ought not to stay up too late.你不应该熬夜太晚。
③Your grandpa oughtn't to drink so much.你爷爷不应当喝大多的酒。
●ought后加动词不定式的完成式时，指过去的动作。肯定形式（ought to have done）表示某件事应当做而未做，相当于should have done。否定形式（ought not to have done），则表示一件不应该做的事情发生了，相当于should not have done。如：
④ I was fined. I ought to have returned these books to the library last month.我被罚款了，我上个月就应当把这些书还给图书馆。
⑤You oughtn't to have got up so late.你不应该起这么晚。
9．will表示“意志”、“意愿”和“决心”等，可用于各种人称
①He will come to see you next Sunday.下个星期天他将来看你。
②We will try our best to win the game.我们将尽最大努力赢得比赛。
PAGE
3(共27张PPT)
情态动词
的用法
1、Could I borrow your book
Yes. Of course you can.
2. Would you like to do it for me
Yes. I would.
一、情态动词注意事项
(1) 对现在或将来情况推测：must +动词原形。
must只能用于肯定。否定和疑问分别用can’t和can。
He must tell a lie. Can he tell a lie
He can’t tell a lie.
*Must-should/ought to –may-might/could+do
可能性依次减弱
2、推测语气
(2) 对过去情况推测：must (may, might)+完成时。
You must have met him before.
must—may—might可能性依次减弱
must只能用于肯定句，译成“一定”。否定和疑问分别用can’t / couldn’t和can / could。
Could /Can it have happened last night
It couldn’t/can’t have happened last night.
He must be reading, isn’t he
You must do it yourself, don’t you
He must have gone over the article, hasn’t he
It must have rained last night, didn’t it
3、表猜测语气的反意疑问句的构成
would need
used to do dare
mustn’t
don’t have to=needn’t
may/might do/have done
不妨…; 还是…为好
4、 be able to must
can have to
1）用于第一人称表将来。I shall go to work after I have finished school.
2）用于一、三人称疑问句、表征求对方意见或向对方请求。
Shall he come in — Come in, please.
3）用于二、三人称，表示保证、承诺、威胁、警告。
You shall be punished if you insist on doing it this way.
5、Shall
1）预测、可能。They should be here by now.
2）说话人的感情。如惊奇、愤怒、失望等、“竟然”
You can’t imagine that well-behaved gentleman should be so rude to a lady.
6、should
1）对过去情况推测。
must/may/might have done
can’t/couldn’t/may not/might not have done
can/could have done…
7、情态动词+have done
2）译成“本…”could/should/need have done.
You should have come here five minutes earlier.
3）虚拟语气（与过去事实相反的主句）
If you had followed my advice, you wouldn’t have been defeated.
情态动词典型例题专练
1.-----There were already five people in the car but they managed to take me as well.
-----It ____a comfortable journey. ( )
can't be
B. shouldn't be
C. mustn't have been
D. couldn't have been
D
2. Johnny, you ______play with the knife, you ____hurt yourself. ( )
won't ; can't
mustn't ; may
C. shouldn't ; must
D. can't ; wouldn't
B
3. The fire spread through the hotel very quickly but everyone _____get out. ( )
had to
B. would
C. could
D. was able to
D
4. ------When can I come for the photos I need them tomorrow afternoon.
-----They _____be ready by 12 : 00 . ( )
A. can B. should
C. might D. need
B
5. With so much work on hand, you ____to see the game last night. ( )
mustn’t go
B shouldn’t go
C. could have gone
D. shouldn’t have gone
D
6.They are disappointed at the English party. They say that it ___better organized. ( )
had been
B. had to be
C. must have been
D. could have been
D
7.She must have forgotten about the class _______ ( )
doesn’t she
B. mustn’t she
C. hasn’t she
D. won’ t she
C
8. See who’s there ! _______ it be Mary
May
Must
Can
will
C
9.Jenny ____with him at that time, for I was having dinner with her in my home. ( )
can’t have been
B. mustn’t have been
C. must be
D. may be
A
10.Tom’s father promised, “You ___have a new computer if you pass the coming examination,” ( )
can
B. should
C. shall
D. may
C
11.---- Did you walked home by yourself last night
---- Yes, I did. But I think I _____. ( )
needn’t
B. shouldn’t
C. may not have
D. needn’t have
D
12.----Would you change this bucket for another It ______ hold water.
----- OK. I’m really sorry.
won’t
can’t
didn’t
doesn’t
A
13. You ought to have helped him with his English, ____you
A. won’t you
B. ought not you
C. shouldn’t you
D. wouldn’t you
C
14.--- I though I ____something burning. ( )
---Really
smelled
B. was smelling
C. could smell
D. might smell
C
15. She _____out alone at night. ( )
dare not to go
B. dares not go
C. doesn’t dare to go
D. doesn’t dares go
C2005-12-25 滨河中学高三英语复习资料01-15 harryysz@
历届高考英语单选题精选主谓一致
1.Nobody but Jane ____ the secret.
A. know B. knows C. have known D. is known (86)
2.All but one _____ here just now.
A. is B. was C. has been D. were (87)
3.Not only I but also Jane and Mary ____ tired of having one examination after another.
A. is B. are C. am D. be (89)
4.A library with five thousand books _______ to the nation as a gift.
A. is offered B. have offered C. are offered D. has offered (90)
5.When and where to build the new factory _____ yet.
A. is not decided B. are not decided C. has not decided D. have not decided (91)
6.The number of people invited ____ fifty, but a number of them ____ absent for different reasons.
A. were , was B. was , was C. was , were D. were , were (96)
7._____ of the land in that district _____ covered with trees and grass.
A. Two fifth , is B. Two fifth , are C. Two fifths , is D. Two fifths , are (2000)
8.This is one of the most interesting questions that ____ asked.
A. have B. has C. have been D. has been
9.Between then two rows of trees _____ the teaching building.
A. stand B. stands C. standing D. are
10.All that can be done______.
A. has been done B. has done C. have done D. were done
11.They each _____ a new dictionary.
A. has B. have C. is D. are
12.The singer and the dancer ______ come to the meeting.
A. has B. have C. are D. is
13.I have finished a large part of the book ; the rest _____more difficult.
A. is B. are C. was D. were
14.The wounded _______ by the hospital.
A. have been taken in B. has been taken in C. have taken in D. has taken in
KEYS: 1-5 BDBAA 6-10 CCCBA 11-14 BBAA
文档 1 http://melody.ps. Page 1 of 1Exercise I
1. Peter, why didn’t you go to the flower show
--- I think it’s something ______ pleasant.
A. far more B. far less C. too much D. much too
2. The rainy season is coming and let’s make full use of the ______ days to dry whatever is needed to dry before the next dry season.
A. few last sunny B. last few sunny
C. last sunny few D. sunny last few
3. Americans eat ______ as they actually need every day.
A. twice as much protein B. twice protein as much twice
C. twice protein as much D. protein as twice much
4. The Chinese Educational Department suggests teachers should receive ________ education to catch up with the _______ development.
A. farther; late B. farther; later
C. further; lately D. further; latest
5. --- Goods imported from abroad are ______ those made in China.
--- Yes. Some of the goods made in China are of high quality.
A. not always better than B. always as good as
C. no better than D. no longer better than
6. He was lying in hospital ______, with his ribs broken.
A. half dead B. deadly C. dying D. died
7. The young pigeons which I bought _______ last month are able to fly _____ now.
A. cheap; high B. cheaply; highly
C. cheap; highly D. cheaply; high
8. --- Are you satisfied with his work, sir
--- Well, I’m afraid it couldn’t be _______.
A. any better B. the best C. any worse D. the worst
9. --- Tom is very stupid. He fails in every exam.
--- In my opinion, he is _____ than stupid.
A. lazier B. no lazier C. more lazy D. lazier rather
10. She is always ready to help people in trouble because she thinks it _____.
A. pleasure B. a fun C. a pride D. a pleasure
11. Some trees are cut down each year and ______ are left to grow even taller.
A. the rest B. rest of them C. a rest D. a rest of them
12. I don’t like this pair of gloves. Will you show me_____
A. another B. the others C. some others D. other ones
13. This pair of trousers ______ for John.
A. is made B. are made C. makes D. will make
14. As a result of the heavy snow, the highway has been closed up until further ______.
A. news B. information C. notice D. message
15. --- Could you mail these letters for me please
--- ________ letters Your friends are going to be very happy to hear from you again.
A. What B. Some C. More D. different
16. With summer coming on, the weather gets hot ______.
A. day after day B. day and night
C. day in and day out D. day by day
17. --- ______ of Guilin has your uncle covered since he came here
--- About half of it, I guess.
A. How far B. How much C. How wide D. How many
18. The little boy is dirty from head to foot because he _______ in the mud all morning.
A. has played B. is playing C. has been playing D. was playing
19. The new dictionaries are very useful. They _____ well and _____ already.
A. sell; have been sold out B. sold; had sold out
C. sell; sell out D. are sold; have been sold out
20--- Are all the titles of the articles _______ in the contents
--- Yes, all ______.
A. listed; included B. listing; includes
C. listed; including D. being listed; being included
20. --- I’m sorry, I shouldn’t have been so rude to you.
--- You ______ your temper but that’s OK.
A. have lost B. had lost C. did lose D were losing
21.--- You’ve made great progress in your studies of English, haven’t you
--- Yes, but much _______.
A. remains to do B. is remained to do
C. remains to be done D. is remained to be done
21. --- Sorry. I _____ to post the letter for you.
--- Never mind. ______ it myself after school.
A. forget; I’d rather post B. forgot; I’m going to post
C. forgot; I’ll post D. forget; I’ll better post
22. Glad to see you back. How long ______ in Russia
A. did you stay B. have you stayed
C. were you staying D. have you been staying
23. --- Alice’s second-hand computer ______ wrong although she used it only once.
--- You’d better go to check it.
A. went B. has gone C. is going D. had gone
24. John as well as the other children who _____ no parents ______ good care of in the village.
A. have; is being taken B. have; has taken
C. has; is taken D. has; have been taken
25. The dictionary still ____ where I ____ it a moment ago.
A. lies; laid B. lied; lay C. laid; laid D. lies; lay
26. The careless driver has just been _____ $10 for stopping his car at a sign that ______ “ No Parking”.
A. punished; read B. fined; reads
C. punished; is written D. fined; is written
27. Neither of the young men who had tried to get the job in the company _______ .
A. has been accepted B. had been accepted
C. was accepted D. accepted
28.--- Have you heard from Janet recently
--- No, but I _____ her over Christmas.
A. saw B. will be seeing C. have seen D. have been seeing
28. In 1960, this was the longest bridge that _______.
A. was ever built B. had ever built
C. has ever been built D. had ever been built
29. You_____ things about. Look, what a mess in your room!
A. always throw B. have always thrown
C. are always throwing D. have always been throwing
30. --- Never touch my computer while I’m away.
--- ______.
A. I shouldn’t B. I mustn’t C. I won’t D. I don’t
31. ---- We want someone to design the new art museum for us.
---- ______ the young fellow have a try
A. May B. Shall C. Will D. Need
32. --- Why hasn’t Jane arrived yet
--- She ______ again in the morning.
A. shouldn’t have overslept
B. may have turned off the alarm clock
C. must have no one to call her
D. should have someone to wake her up
33. As teachers we should concern ourselves with what is said, not what we think _______.
A. ought to be said B. must say C. have to be said D. need to say
34. You _______ this morning if you really wanted to see it yourself.
A. ought to come B. could come
C. ought to have come D must have come
35. Research findings show we spend about two hours dreaming every night, no matter what we _____ during the day.
A. should have done B. would have done
C. must have done D. may have done
36. --- Will it take me at least six hours to write this essay
--- Yes, six hours ______ to write a good essay.
A. are not long for you
B. will be too long to you
C. was not long enough for you
D. is not long enough for you
37. --- Was he present at the meeting
--- He ______ not have attended it, for he was busy repairing his computer all the time.
A. can B. might C. should D. must
38. _____ you like to have dinner with us this evening
A. Do B. Would C. Will D. Can
39. He must have attended the meeting yesterday, _____ he
A. didn’t B. mustn’t C. needn’t D. hasn’t
40--- _______ I return the dictionary within three days
--- No, you _____ . You _______ it for five days.
A. May; needn’t ; can borrow
B. Can; mustn’t; would have
C. Must; don’t have to; can keep
D. Shall; can’t; should read
41.These _______ are very expensive.
A. women handbags B. woman’s handbags
C. woman handbags D. women’s handbags
42. The country’s wealth comes chiefly for its many ______.
A. herd of cattle B. herd of cattles
C. herds of cattle D. herds of cattles
43. You have taken ______ time to do your homework. A time of thirty minutes to finish it is _____ long.
A. too much; much too B. too much; too much
C. much too; much too D. much too; too much
44. Frank doesn’t speak Chinese so ______ as Harry.
A. better B. well C. nice D. wonderful
45. Three boys ______ climbing the garden wall.
A. have caught B. caught C. being caught D. were caught
46. No matter how hard you ______, you won’t be able to do it well alone.
A. will try B. would try C. try D. tried
47. When Mary and Kate got to the cinema, the film ________ for ten minutes.
A. had begun B. began C. had started D. had been on
48. Just stay here on the platform; the train _______.
A. will arrive after five minutes
B. will arrive in five minutes
C. will arrive five minutes after
D. will arrive in five minutes later form now
49. We _______ to work on foot, but now we ______ by bike.
A. usually go; have gone B. used to go; go
C. was used to going; going C. used to going; have been going
50. Tell me how you work out the answer, ______ you
A. can B. will C. don’t D. shan’tUnit 2 English Around the World
Teaching aims and demands:
a. Achieve language skills and related knowledge about the language of English;
b. Learn to communicate when in language difficulties:
c. Vocabulary in this unit:
the words and expressions listed on the teacher’s book
d. Grammar:
Direct and indirect speech
Lesson1
Step 1 Presentation
Get the students have an general idea about the differences between American and British English by playing a tape of various people’s talking. Ask them what countries they think these people come from.
Step 2 Warming Up
Get the students to look at the picture and ask the questions: What do you think Joe is looking for in the bathroom Why can’t he find it
Step 3 Reading
Ask the students to read the dialogue carefully in part 1. Then get the students to think: What is it that causes the misunderstanding between Joe and the landlady, Nancy If necessary, explain some language points.
Step 4 Speaking
Ask the students to read the dialogue in the part SPEAKING to learn more differences between the British and American English. Then complete the following sentences as well.
Step 5 Practice
Ask the students to make a similar dialogue.
Step 6 Listening
Listen to the tape and fill the blanks in the part LISTENING.
Step 7 Homework
Finish exercise1 on page 91 in the TALKING part.
Lesson2
Step 1 Revision
Check the homework.
Step 2 Presentation
Show the students some pictures in different situations in order to get them know everywhere English is needed.
Step 3 Reading
Ask the students to read the text. And find the topic sentence in each paragraph.
Step 4 Post-Reading
Ask the students to answer the questions in the part POST-READING. If necessary, explain some language points. Then according to what they have read, get them to fill in the blanks in the following exerecise2.
Step 5 Homework
Finish exercise in the part PRACTISING in their workbooks..
Lesson 3
Step 1.Revision
Check the home work.
Step 2 Word Study
Ask the students to match the words on the left with their meaning on the right.
Step 3 Grammar
Ask the students to say something about the differences between a command and a request. Then tell which is a command and which is a request.
Step 4 Practice
Let the students to change the sentences into Direct Speech. And then finish exercise 3 in the same part.
Step 5 Workbook
If times permits, ask the students to finish the exercise2 in their workbooks in part Grammar.
Step 6 Homework
Review the last part what is Direct Speech and what is Indirect Speech.
Lesson 4
Step 1 Revision
Check the homework. by doing exercise 1 in part Grammar in the workbook..
Step 2 Presentation
Play a tape of various people’s talking. Ask which is from England and which from America. How do they tell In this way draw the students’ attention to the difference on the pronunciation.
Step 3 Reading
Ask the students to read the text and be prepared for one question how come the difference between the American English and the British English. Explain some language points if necessary.
Ask the students to read the text again carefully and finish the exercise on page 13.
Step 4 Retelling
Ask the students to say something about the difference between the American English and the British English according to what they just learned.
Step 5 Specific Reading
Students read the paragraph about American English and fill in the chart on page 14.
Step 6 Homework
Ask the students to write a short passage about the dialects in Chinese. They can use the text as a simple.定语从句
1、 定语从句与引导词
定语从句是在复合句中修饰某一名词或代词的从句。被修饰的名词或代词叫做选行词，
而引导定语从句的词叫引导词，有关系代词和关系副词两类。
懂得什么样的先行词后用什么样的引导词是学好定语从句的关键。
1． 关系代词有：that,which,who,whom,whose,在定语从句中作主语、宾语中表语，whose
作定语。代人的有：who,whom,whose,that；代物的有：that,which,whose.例如：
The man who helped you is Mr White.(who代人，在定语从句中作主语)
That is the person(whom/who/that) you want to see.(whom,who,that代人，在定
语从句中作宾语，可省略)
Im not the fool(that) you thought me to be.(that代人，在定从中作表语)
A dictionary is a useful book which(＝that) tells us the meaning of words(which
或that代物，在定从中作主语)
2． 关系副词有：when(指时间)，where(指地点),why(指原因)，在定语从句中作状语。
例如：Would you suggest a time(when) we can have a talk (when可省略)
The house where they live is not very large./This is the reason why he did not came to the meeting.
注意：不是表时间的先行词都用when引导定从，不是表地点的先行词都用where引导定从。例如：Well visit the factory which(＝that) makes radios.
(which或that在定从中作主语，where不可用主语，故不可用)
They still remember the happy days(which/that) they spent in Beidaihe.
(which或that在定从中作spent的宾语，when不可作宾语，故不可用)
二、限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句
限制性定语从句和主句之间不用逗号分开，修饰主句中的某一个名词或名词词组或代
词；非限制性定语从句常用逗号和主句隔开，可以修饰主句中的某一个词，也可修饰整个句子。非限制性定语从句不能用that引导，引导非限制性定语从句的关系词不能省略。非限制性定语从句例：Li Pings father, who works in a factory, is an engineer./He tore up my photo, which made me very angry.(which指代主句内容，因前后两句是因果关系，此时which不可换为as。)
He is good at physics, as is known to us all.＝As is known to us all, he is good at physics.(as指代主句内容，在as is known/believed, as we all know/believe这类结构中as不可换为which)
3、 只用that引导和不用that引导的场合
1． 只用that引导和不用that引导的场合
1） 当先行词既包括人又包括物时：He talked about the men and the books that attracted
him.
2） 指物的先行词被any, every, only, very, all, no等修饰时：These are the very points that interest me./Thats the only watch that I like most.
3） 指物的先行词被序数词或形容词最高级修饰时：The first step that we are to take is very difficult./This is the second card that he gave me.
4） 先行词是指物的不定代词all,little,few,much,及everything,anything,nothing等时：There is still much that can be done about it./Have you got everything that you need
5） 先行词是who时：Who that have seen him does not like him
2． 不用that的场合如下：
1）非限制性定语从句中 Last night ,I saw a very good film,which was about the Long
March .
2）介词放在关系代词之前时 This is the man from whom I learnt the news
3）句中出现了that，或先行词是that时 I have found that which I was looking for.
四、“介词＋关系代词”用法
1． 介词的确定应依据定语从句中短语的习惯性搭配，例如：Who is the girl with whom you just shook hands (shake hands with…是习惯性搭配)
2． 介词常受先行词的制约（即介词和先行词的搭配），例如：He built a telescope through which he could study the skies.(through which 即through the telescope)
3． 当关系代词作“动词＋介词”固定短语的宾语时，此时因定短语中的介词不能拆开移到关系代词前。例如：This is the watch which youre looking for./He is a kind of man whom you can safely depend on.
五、几个名词后的引导词
1. situation后常用where,in which引导定语从句：Can you imagine a situation where/in
which you can use the word
2. way(方式，方法)后常用in which或that或how引导定语从句，也可省略：Do you know the way(in which/that/how) he worked out the problem
3. “the same＋名词”，“such＋名词”，“as＋名词”后通常用as引导定语从句。
例如：I have the same dictionary as you(have)./Such a book as you bought is not worth buying.
定语从句考点分析
1． The best work ______ Luxun wrote and ______ I have read has been made into a film.
A.which;that B.that;× C.×;that D.×;×
析：如果两个定语从句并列，关系代词作宾语时前一句的可以省略，但后一句的不可省略，故应选C。
2． It was in 1969 ______ two Americans got to the moon by space ship.
It was 1969 ______ two Amerians got to the moon by space ship.
A.when B.which C.that D.×
析：第一句是强调时间in 1969,强调结构是“It was＋强调部分＋that句”，故应选C。第二句It是表时间的，先行词1969在从句中作状语，故选A。
3． Is this the house ______ Shakespeare was born
A.at which B.which C.in which D.at where
析：观察题目，空白处只有填in which或where才能表达“这是莎士比亚出生的房子吗？”这一意思，故答案为C。
4． Is this house ______ Shakespeare was born
A.where B.which C.in which D.at which
析：将此句变为陈述句；This house is ______ Shakespeare was born.显然is后是一表语从句，只有选where(＝the place where)才能表达“这是莎士比亚的出生地”这一意思，故答案为A。
5． In the dark street,there wasn’t a single person ______ she could turn for
help.
A.to whom B.of whom C.from whom D.that
析：“介词＋关系代词”要考虑短语搭配或与先行搭配，这道题短语turn to有关，故
应选A。
6． The two things ______ they felt very proud were Jims gold watch and Dellas
hair.
A．about which B.of which C.in which D.for which
析：涉及be/feel proud of短语，故答案为B。
7． Have you ever asked him the reason ______ may explain his being late.
A.why B.that C.for which D.what
析：此题易误选A、C，因为先行词是the reason,但细观察分析，定语从句缺少主语，所以答案是B。注意what不能引导定语从句。
8． Farming is difficult ______ there is no rain.
A.where B.in place C.that D.the place where
析：因为difficult是形容词，故其后不是定语从句。这儿的空白处应填引导状语从句where(＝in the place where),全句表达“在没有雨水的地方耕种困难”。这一意思，可见答案为A。
9． We need the same machine ______ in your factory.
A.which is being used B.as is being used
C.that is being used D.as it is being used
析：根据“the same＋先行词”后跟as引导定语从句的原则，可知答案为B。
10．______ the people,not things ______ are most important.
A.There are;who B.Those are;that C.It is;that D.It was;who
析：仔细观察分析题目，可知只有C构成强调句才有成立。当我们要检验视其为强调
句的判断是否正确时，只要将“It is (或was)…that”这三个词去掉，剩下部分读
起来正确无误，则证明判断是正确的，反之是错误的。此题如不填“It is…that”
三词，句子是The people,not things are most important.语义完整正确，说明选
C是对的。
12
2(共17张PPT)
及物动词
a.动词后要求有宾语，否则意思不完整的动词。及物动词可有被动结构。
She studies English very hard.
I always review my lessons in the evening.
b. 及物动词的另两种结构
及物动词中有少数动词要求一个宾语（直接宾语）外，还要求有一个宾语（间接宾语），才使句意完整。这类动词有：leave, show, bring, lend, teach, give, tell, hand, write等。
*I’ll tell you a story about Lei Feng.
还有少数动词要求一个宾语外，还要求有一个补足语来使句意完整。这类动词有：name, call, get, have, find, turn, think, consider等。
They call him Lao Wang.
不及物动词
不及物动词指不可带宾语的动词，也不可用于被动语态。
*The sun rises in the east.
*He came last month.
*They go to school every day.
连系动词
连系动词只起连系作用，虽有词义但不能单独作谓语，后必须加表语一起构成谓语。
常用的连系动词有： appear, become, fall, feel, get, go, grow, keep, look, remain, seem, smell, sound, stay, taste, turn等。
*She felt a bit tired.
*He kept silent at the meeting.
注：连系动词不可与副词连用。
一般现在时
经常性动作等。常与everyday, often, always, once a week, seldom, usually等连用。
She is our teacher of English.
真理和事实。
Light travels faster than sound.
代替一般将来时，在由when, if, before, as soon as, unless等引导的时间，条件状语从句中，用一般现在时代替一般将来时。
When I grow up I shall be a soldier.
动作正在发生，用在由here, there等开首的句子中，表示现在正在发生。
There goes the bell.
表示主语的习惯特征，性格，能力等。
He studies very hard.
一般的说明文字等。
The book says that women can live longer than men.
一般过去时
表示过去的某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态，常和明确的时间状语连用。
She went out just now.
I saw him yesterday.
表示过去经常发生的动作。
Last month she worked eleven hours every day.
He used to get up early.
一般将来时
表示将来发生的动作或存在的状态。
I shall not be free tonight.
表示将来经常发生的动作。
We will go for an outing every other week.
表示将来动作的其他形式.
be going to+ 动词原形
be to+动词原形
be about (around/sure/certain//due/bound) to+动词原形
过去将来时
表示在过去将来的某一时间发生的动作或存在的状态。
I didn’t expect that so many people would offer their help.
也可用was/were to+动词原形或was/were about to+动词原形或was/were going to+动词原形表示过去将来时。
I was about to leave when the telephone rang.
现在进行时
表示正在进行的动作。
What are you doing now
表示即将发生的动作.
She is leaving tomorrow.
表示现阶段正在进行的动作.
More and more people are giving up smoking.
表示反复发生的或习惯性的动作,常表示不满,抱怨,赞赏等.
She is always finding fault with others.
过去进行时
1. 过去某一时刻在进行的动作．经常需要表示过去的时间状语．
This time yesterday, they were having lunch.
2.过去进行时常与一般现在时配合，互为时间背景．
I was writing a letter when he came.
The telephone rang while she was washing.
3.过去反复的动作，常同always, frequently, continually等连用．
They were frequently going there.
将来进行时
表示将来某一时刻正在进行的动作，常表示安排好的事．
They will be discussing the problem this time next week.
表示预料不久要发生或势必要发生的动作．
The train will not be leaving until one o’clock.
现在完成时
表示动作刚刚完成.
I have finished that work.
表示过去做的动作对现在仍有影响.
Who has opened the door
表示过去某时开始的动作一直延续到现在并且可能会延续下去.
He has worked in the company since he came to the city.
过去完成时
表示在过去某一时间或动作之前已经完成的动作．
By the end of 2002,the factory had produces 200000cars.
表示在过去某一时间开始一直延续到另一个过去的时间的动作．
The old man had been ill for a long time before he died in 2002.
当含有由before, after, as soon as等引导的复合句中，由于连词本身可以明确表示动作发生的顺序，故主句和从句一般都用一般过去时．
I went home after I finished my work.
过去完成时常用于no sooner than和hardly, scarcely…when等句型，从句用一般过去时．
He had hardly got on the train when the train started out.
将来完成时
表示将来某一时刻或某一行为发生之前所完成的动作或这一动作仍在持续．常和by或by the time等连用．
By the end of this term, we shall have learned 18 lessons.
现在完成进行时
表示从过去某时一直持续到现在的一个动作．
It has been snowing since last Sunday.
重复的动作表示感彩．
She’s been saying that twenty times.
已结束的动作所产生的影响．
You have been cleaning the classroom, I think.
过去完成进行时
表示过去某时以前一直进行的一个动作这一动作可能在这一时间前刚结束或仍在进行.
No one knew what this dad egg had been doing all this years.动词及动词时态
实义动词
1） 及物动词
a.动词后要求有宾语，否则意思不完整的动词。及物动词可有被动结构。
1． She studies English very hard.
2． I always review my lessons in the evening.
b. 及物动词的另两种结构
及物动词中有少数动词要求一个宾语（直接宾语）外，还要求有一个宾语（间接宾语），才使句意完整。这类动词有：leave, show, bring, lend, teach, give, tell, hand, write等。
I’ll tell you a story about Leifeng.
还有少数动词要求一个宾语外，还要求有一个补足语来使句意完整。这类动词有：name, call, get, have, find, turn, think, consider等。
They call him Lao Wang.
2) 不及物动词
不及物动词指不可带宾语的动词，也不可用于被动语态。
1. The sun rises in the east.
2. He came last month.
3. They go to school every day.
3)连系动词
连系动词只起连系作用，虽有词义但不能单独作谓语，后必须加表语一起构成谓语。
常用的连系动词有： appear, become, fall, feel, get, go, grow, keep, look, remain, seem, smell, sound, stay, taste, turn等。
1. She felt a bit tired.
2. He kept silent at the meeting.
注：连系动词不可与副词连用。
时态
1） 一般现在时
用法：
1． 经常性动作等。常与everyday, often, always, once a week, seldom, usually等连用。
She is our teacher of English.
2． 真理和事实。
Light travels faster than sound.
3． 有计划的动作，常用go, come, start, leave, arrive, return等动词。
I leave for Beijing next Monday.
4． 代替一般将来时，在由when, if, before, as soon as, unless等引导的时间，条件状语从句中，用一般现在时代替一般将来时。
When I grow up I shall be a soldier.
5． 动作正在发生，用在由here, there等开首的句子中，表示现在正在发生。
There goes the bell.
6． 表示主语的习惯特征，性格，能力等。
He studies very hard.
7． 一般的说明文字等。
The book says that women can live longer than men.
2）一般过去时
1． 表示过去的某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态，常和明确的时间状语连用。
She went out just now.
I saw him yesterday.
2． 表示过去经常发生的动作。
Last month she worked eleven hours every day.
He used to get up early.
3)一般将来时
1． 表示将来发生的动作或存在的状态。
I shall not be free tonight.
2． 表示将来经常发生的动作。
We will go for an outing every other week.
3． 表示将来动作的其他形式
a. be going to+ 动词原形
b. be to+动词原形
c. be about(around/sure/certain//due/bound) to+动词原形
4)过去将来时
1． 表示在过去将来的某一时间发生的动作或存在的状态。
I didn’t expect that so many people would offer their help.
2． 也可用was/were to+动词原形或was/were about to+动词原形或was/were going to+动词原形表示过去将来时。
I was about to leave when the telephone rang.
5)现在进行时
1． 表示正在进行的动作。
What are you doing now
2． 表示即将发生的动作.
She is leaving tomorrow.
3． 表示现阶段正在进行的动作.
More and more people are giving up smoking.
4． 表示反复发生的或习惯性的动作,常表示不满,抱怨,赞赏等.
She is always finding fault with others.
6)过去进行时
1. 过去某一时刻在进行的动作．经常需要表示过去的时间状语．
This time yesterday, they were having lunch.
2.过去进行时常与一般现在时配合，互为时间背景．
I was writing a letter when he came.
The telephone rang while she was washing.
3.过去反复的动作，常同always, frequently, continually等连用．
They were frequently going there.
７)将来进行时
1． 表示将来某一时刻正在进行的动作，常表示安排好的事．
They will be discussing the problem this time next week.
2． 表示预料不久要发生或势必要发生的动作．
The train will not be leaving until one o’clock.
8)现在完成时
1. 表示动作刚刚完成.
I have finished that work.
2. 表示过去做的动作对现在仍有影响.
Who has opened the door
3. 表示过去某时开始的动作一直延续到现在并且可能会延续下去.
He has worked in the company since he came to the city.
9)过去完成时
1． 表示在过去某一时间或动作之前已经完成的动作．
By the end of 2002,the factory had produces 200000cars.
2． 表示在过去某一时间开始一直延续到另一个过去的时间的动作．
The old man had been ill for a long time before he died in 2002.
注：
当含有由before, after, as soon as等引导的复合句中，由于连词本身可以明确表示动作发生的顺序，故主句和从句一般都用一般过去时．
I went home after I finished my work.
过去完成时常用于no sooner than和hardly, scarcely…when等句型，从句用一般过去时．
He had hardly got on the train when the train started out.
10)将来完成时
表示将来某一时刻或某一行为发生之前所完成的动作或这一动作仍在持续．常和by或by the time等连用．
By the end of this term, we shall have learned 18 lessons.
１１）现在完成进行时
1． 表示从过去某时一直持续到现在的一个动作．
It has been snowing since last Sunday.
2． 重复的动作表示感彩．
She’s been saying that twenty times.
3． 已结束的动作所产生的影响．
You have been cleaning the classroom, I think.
１２）过去完成进行时
表示过去某时以前一直进行的一个动作这一动作可能在这一时间前刚结束或仍在进行.
No one knew what this dad egg had been doing all this years.
Exercise
Tests from NMET
1. -where ________ the recorder I can’t see it anywhere.
-I _______ it right here, but now it’s gone.
A. did you put; have put B. have you put; put
C. had you put; have put D. were you putting; have put
2. -When ________ again
-When he _____, I’ll let you know.
A. he comes; come B. will he come; will come
C. haven’t known; are D. will he come; comes
3. They asked me to have a drink with them. I said that it was at least ten years since I _______ a good drink.
A. had enjoyed B. was enjoying
C. enjoyed D. had been enjoying
4. –Come in, Peter. I want to show you something.
-Oh, how nice of you! I ______ you ________ to bring me a gift.
A. never think; are going B. never thought; were going
C. didn’t think; were going D. had been broken into; stolen
5. The police found that the house _____ and a lot of things _______.
A. has broken into; has been stolen B. had broken into; had been stolen
C. has been broken into; stolen D. had been broken into; stolen
6. –We could have walked to the station. It was so near.
- Yes, taxi ______ at all necessary.
A. wasn’t B. hadn’t been C. serves D. served
7. If city noises ______ from increasing, people _______ shout to be heard even at the dinner table 20 years from now.
A. are not kept; will have to B. are not kept; have to
C. do not keep; will have to D. was slipping; looked
8. The last time I ______ Jane she ______ cotton in the fields.
A. had seen; was picking B. saw; picked
C. had seen; picked D. saw; was picking
9. In some parts of the world, tea ___ with milk and sugar.
A. is serving B. is served C. serves D. served
10. The pen I ___ I _______ is on my desk, right under my nose.
A. think; lost B. thought; had lost
C. think; had lost D. had they known; got
11. – Your phone number again I _____ quite catch it.
- It’s 9568442.
A. didn’t B. couldn’t C. don’t D. can’t
12. Helen ___her keys in the office so she had to wait until her husband ___home.
A. has left; comes B. left; had come
C. had left; came D. had left; would come
13. Nobody noticed the thief slip into the house because the lights happened to _____.
A. be put up B. give in C. be turned on D. go out
14. They _______ the train until it disappeared in distance.
A. saw B. watched C. noticed D. observed
15. --- Sorry, Joe. I didn’t mean to…
--- Don’t call me “Joe”. I’m Mr. Parker to you, and ____ you forget it!
A. do B. didn’t C. did D. don’t
16. News reports say peace talks between the two countries _______ with no agreement reached.
A. have broken down B. have broken out
C. have broken in D. have broken up
KEY:
1~5: BDABD 6~10:AADBB 11~16:ADDBDA
Multiple choices:
1. I wonder why Jenny ______ us recently. We should have hears from her by now.
A. hasn’t written B. doesn’t write
C. won’t write D. hadn’t written
2. Mary _______ a dress when she cut her finger.
A. made B. is making
C. was making D. makes
3. On Saturday afternoon, Mrs. Green went to the market,________ some bananas anf visited her cousin.
A. bought B. buying
C. to buy D. buy
4. The volleyball match will be put off if it ______.
A. will rain B. rains
C. rained D. is raining
5. -----We haven’t heard of Jane for a long a time.
------What do you suppose ______to her
A. was happening B. to happen
C. has happened D. having happened
6. ---Do you know our town at all
---No, it’s the first time I ________ here.
A. was B. have been
C. came D. am coming
7. ---- You haven’t said a word about my new coat, do you like it
---- I’m sorry, I ___ anything about it sooner. I certainly think it’s pretty on you.
A. wasn’t saying B. don’t say
C. won’t say D. didn’t say
8. We were all surprised when he made it clear that he ___ officer soon.
A. leave B. would leave
C. left D. had left
9. I _____ pingpong quite well, but I haven’t had time to play since the new year.
A. will play B. have played
C. played D. play
10. He will have learned English for eight year by the time he ______from the university next year.
A. will graduate B. will have graduated
C. graduates D. is to graduate
11. Tom ______ back from France. Yesterday he ________ about it.
A. just comes; told B. has just come; told me
C. came just; was told me D. just has come; was telling
12. He said, “_______ much sand in the south of France.”
A. There aren’t B. It isn’t
C. It wasn’t D. There isn’t
13. You shall have some ice-cream when you _________ you dinner.
A. finished B. finish
C. will finish D. will be finished
14. Thomas could fix your car. That ______ you quite a lot of money.
A. saved B. has saved
C. would save D. was saving
15. “Come back at 5 o’clock,” he said, “I’ve already _________.”
A. will be done B. has been done
C. is being done D. was being done
16. Maria hasn’t visited her home in Spain _________.
A. for many years B. since many years
C. many years since D. many years ago
17. When ______ the car, you’ll agree with me about it.
A. you saw B. you’ve seen
C. you would see D. has been seen
18. By next Saturday Tom ___________ a whole month without smoking a cigar.
A. will go B. will have gone
C. has gone D. has been going
19. By the time he reached the dentist, the pain in his tooth ________.
A. stopped B. had stopped
C. Has stopped D. as been stopped
20. The old man _________ for three days when his son got back home.
A. has been dead B. had been dead
C. died D. had died
KEY:
1~5: ACABC 6~10:BDBDC 11~15:BDBCA 16~20:ABBBB
Fill in the blanks:
1. Much of the carbon in the earth ____________ (come) from things that once lived.
2. In the past two decades, research _______________ (expand) our knowledge about sleep and dream.
3. Some proverbs ____________ (be) in the language for 1,000 years, for example, A friend in need is a friend indeed.
4. ________________ (stand) at the gate was a young man in green coat.
5. In 1991, after the Gulf War, Bush’s approved rating reached 91 percent, the highest level recorded since polling ________________ (begin) in the 19302.
6. Seeing violence on television or reading about it in the newspapers every day ________________ (make) us tolerate crime more than we should.
7. So far, Irving ______________ (live) in New York City for ten years.
8. The patient ________________ (send) to another hospital before we got there.
9. The second half of the nineteenth century _______________ (witness) the first extended translation into English of the writings of Eliphas Levi.
10. All the worries they might have felt for him ________________ (drive) off by the sight of his cheerful face.
Key:
1.comes 一般现在时，主语为不可数名词，谓语用单数
2. has expanded 现在完成时
3. has been 现在完成时
4. Standing 过去进行时的倒装形式
5.began 一般过去时
6. makes 一般现在时，动名词做主语，谓语用单数
7. has been living 现在完成进行时
8. had been sent 过去完成时的被动形式
9. witnessed 一般过去时
10. were driven 一般过去时的被动 Unit 1 Good Friends
Language Points
honest: adj. telling the truth 诚实的，老实的， eg. an ~ businessman, an ~face,
n. honesty Please be~.
adv. honestly 以正当公平的方式， do business~
brave: adj. ready to face danger, difficulty
It’s brave of him to save so many people from the fire.
be brave about his operation
n. bravery
loyal: adj. true and faithful忠实的;忠诚的
I’m a loyal fan of Tom hanks. 我是Tom Hanks的忠实影迷。
loyal 一词常和介词to搭配使用
We should be/stay loyal to our motherland. 我们应该忠诚于自己的祖国。
n. loyality
wise: having good judgement 聪明（有判断力的）， 英明 a~ decision
It’s not wise of you to sell the house at a low price.
having knowledge 学识渊博的
smart: having or showing intelligen, clever 聪明 a~ idea/student
quick 敏捷a~ pace
well-dressed, neat 漂亮的（衣着整洁的） You look~ in the new suit.
handsome: adj.( of men ) good –looking 男性英俊，帅气的
(of wowen) having a fine figure 女性端庄非美貌
of fine appearance 美观的 a~ horse/ building
generous 大方慷慨的 a~present
beautiful 女性，物品美
lovely 漂亮且可爱
argue: v. quarrel 争辩，争吵 ~ with sb about/over sth
说理，为争取/反对……而争辩 ~for/against sth, ~ that…
~ for the right of old people
n. argument ~ about his decision
solution: n. 解决方案，解决办法
v. solve = work out ~ a problem/ difficulty
classical: adj. He is fond of ~ music/works.
fond: adj. be ~ of = like, enjoy, love
antonym: hate, dislike
compass: device (装置) for finding direction, with a needle that points to magnetic north
The ~ is one of the four greatest inventions in China.
movie: n. =film go to a movie==go to the cinema
cast: v. throw 投抛扔 ~ a stone into the water/ ~ glance at 瞥向……
cast sb away / sb be cast away因沉船而流落某处
全体演员 a cast list
survive: continue to live or exist, though nearly being killed or destroyed
vi. 幸存 You have to survive without friends… 你要在没有朋友的情况下生存下来
The man was very ill, but he survived. 这个人病得很厉害，可是他活下来了。
vt. 幸免于，从……中生还，在…之后还活着
Few survived the flood. 洪水过后，生还者极少。
n. survival幸存; survivor幸存者
The man's survival was surprising, as the doctors thought he would die.
这个人能活下来真是出人意外，因为医生们认为他必死无疑。
She is the only survivor in the flood. 她是洪水中的唯一幸存者
deserted: adj. without any person荒芜的, 荒废的 a~ island
为人所弃的a deserted house 被离弃的房子
v. desert 放弃，抛弃
share: v. ~ sth with sb 与某人分享/在某方面有共同之处
Mary and I share a room.
Chuck learns that we need friends to share happiness and sorrow.
Can I share your opinion
share sth among/ between sb 将某物平均分配
n. 分额 take/have one’s ~ 承担某人的一份
Do your share of the work. 做你那份工作
sorrow: n. sad feeling adj. sorrowful = sad
adventure: n. have an ~ in Africa
scared: adj. afraid 两者的区别
相同点：作表语， 可以加of, be afraid of , be scared of
不相同点： afraid 只作表语 an afraid child ×
scared还可作定语 a scared child √
drop sb a line= write to sb
1. Tom Hanks plays a man named Chuck Noland. Tom Hanks扮演一位名叫Chuck Noland人。
play a man…扮演……
He played the prince in the play. 他在剧中扮演王子。
2. One day Chuck is on a flight across the Pacific Ocean when suddenly his plane crashes. 一天Chuck正乘飞机飞跃太平洋，突然飞机失事了。
crash: v. fall or strike sth. suddenly and noisily （使）猛撞，（使）坠毁
when 表示正在这时……, 突然……, 主句表示一件事情正在发生或即将发生，引导的从表示又发生了一件事。
他正要把那张纸捡起来，这时一阵风把纸刮跑了。
He was about to pick up the paper when a gust of wind blew it away.
我们正在做作业，突然灯灭了。
when通常表示当……的时候, 主句与从句的动作同时进行
当我回家时雨正在下。
It was raining when I went home.
3. Chuck survives the crash and lands on a deserted island where there are no people. Chuck 在坠机事件中幸存下来，登上了一个荒芜人烟的岛屿。
land: vi .reach the ground after a jump or fall 着陆 ~on
4. Perhaps the most difficult challenge is how to survive without friends. 或许最大的挑战就是如何在没有朋友帮助的情况下得以生存。
challenge n. difficult, demanding task挑战
This examination is a real challenge. 这次考试是一次真正的挑战。
Do you want a challenge 你想来次挑战吗？
5. In order to survive, Chuck develops a friendship with an unusual friend—a volleyball he calls Wilson.
in order to = so as to 引导目的状语，表示为了，前者可以放在句中或句末，后者只用于句中
他早早起床为了不迟到。 He got up early in order not to/ so as not be late for school.
In order not be late for school ,he got up earlyl.
in order that 后加从句 He got up early in order that he would’t be late for school.
6.He realizes that he hasn’t been a good friend… 他意识到自己一直没能算得上是别人的好朋友……
realize: be fully aware (明白的) of or accept sth. as a fact; understand
7.He talks to wilson and treats him as a friend. 他和Wilson交谈，把Wilson视为朋友。
treat (vt.) 对待 Glass must be treated carefully. 玻璃必须小心使用。
treat…as…视为，以为； 治疗
He treated his mistake as a joke. 他把他的错误当作玩笑看待。
A doctor’s job is to treat an illness医生的工作就是治病
8. Chuck learns that we need friends to share happiness and sorrow, and that it is important to have someone to care about.
care about 表示关心，担心， 忧虑/ 在乎，介意（常用与否定句）
care for 表示喜欢/ 愿意(常用否定，疑问句)/照料，照顾
He doesn’t care about his clothes.
Don’t you care about this country’s future
Would you care for a walk
The children are well cared for.
9. such as 例如……， 表示列举 == like
10. I don’t enjoy singing, nor do I like computers.
Rock music is OK, and so is skiing.
enjoy + Ving 表示喜欢 = like+ Ving
so + link/modal/auxiliary+subject表示某人某事与前一情况相同
neither/nor+ link/modal/auxiliary+subject表示某人某事与前一情况不同
11. I’m into classical music…
sb be into= sb be lost into 深深迷上了
12.Hi there.
通常对熟人用Hi+名字，但不知对方姓名或不便将许多名字一一举出用there代替
[日常交际用语]
What should a good friend be like 好朋友该是什么样的人呢
What’s your opinion 你有什么见解？
〈短语与句型〉
be like / make…happy / make a list of / in different ways / so…that…/ develop a friendship with / become fond of / treat…as…/ share happiness and sorrow / care about / make friends with / learn a lesson from…/ be on board / tell lies / be regarded as…/ solve the problem / a CD player / drop me a line / what is your opinion / If you please
Th First Period
Teaching Aims:
1. Get new students familiar with senior English book and the teacher’s requests.
2. Learn and master the new words: honest, brave, loyal, wise, handsome, smart, argue, solution, classical, fond, match, mirror, fry, gun, hammer, saw, rope, compass, movie
3. Lead the students to the topic of this unit “friendship” by warming up exercise.
4. Listening practice.
Teaching Important Points:
1. Master the new words.
2. Lead the students to the topic of Unit 1.
Teaching Difficult Points:
1. How to improve the students’ speaking and listening abilities.
Teaching Method:
1. Discussion method to finish the part of warming up.
2. Individual, pair or group work to make every student work in class.
Teaching Procedure:
Step 1 Greetings and Lead-in (10 mimutes )
1. Introduce senior English book, different parts of each unit to the students. T: Good morning/ afternoon.
S: Good morning/ afternoon, teacher.
T: You can call me Miss Wang next time. Six down, please. It’s our first English lesson in senior high school. I’m very happy to be your English teacher, and I hope from now on, we can learn together like good friends. Ok, let’s look at senior English textbook. Do you find this book is different from your junior book
S: Yes.
T: What’s the difference
S: There’re many new words in this book.
S: There’re not lessons in one unit.
S: The book is very beautiful.
T: Right. Senior English book is very colorful. You see there’re many pictures in it and every unit is made up of different parts instead of lessons. Let’s find them together. Please turn to the list of the book. Look, there’re twelve units. Each unit has its topic and in each unit we can learn new functional items, language structures, reading materials and different writing forms. Take Unit 1 for example. What’s the topic
S: Friendships.
T: And we also must learn to talk about likes and dislikes and how to make apologies. The grammar point is direct and indirect speech. We’ll read the passage “ Chuck’s Friend” and e-pal ads and learn to write e-mails.
Ok, turn to Page 1.The blue box also tell you what you must learn in Unit 1. There’re the goals of Unit 1. What does “goals” mean You have learned the word before.
S: 球门.
T: Good. But here it means 目标.So at the beginning of each unit you’ll be clear about the goals and when we finish each unit’s study, you must check yourself whether you master the goals. Next let’s see different parts in the unit. First warming up. In this part, through some activities you’ll be connected with the topic of this unit. Next two parts are listening and speaking. When we do speaking, we must try to use the useful expressions. Next three parts are about reading. It includes Pre-reading, Reading, Post-reading. And then you’ll learn new words and grammar points in Language Study. The last part is integrating skills which gives you a passage to read and a writing task. The passage is also the example of the writing form. At the end is the Checkpoint that helps you review the unit.
T: Workbook is also after Student’s Book. Turn to Page 85 and look together. In Workbook there’re listening, talking, practicing, integrating skills and assessing. So there ‘s a big difference between junior English and senior one. If you want to learn well, you must spend more time than before on English. If so, you’ll be confident in the future study.
2. Make demands for the students’ English study
T: Please listen carefully. I have some demands for your study.
Preview and review each lesson in time.
Prepare a notebook and during the class take notes carefully and after class summarize the useful expressions and sentences of each unit in the notebook. The notebook should be put in school bags and will be checked at any time.
Take some paper in school bags every day to prepare the tests at any time.
Prepare a notebook for composition.
Arrange the homework and tests before every unit exam.
Finish the homework besides some reading and reciting in time.
Pay attention to your handwriting, prononciation.
3. Give some learning methods to the students.
Read and recite native expressions and passages as many as possible.
Learn English through mass medium like films, TV news, newspapers, etc.
Try to find useful ways to reduce the burden of reciting.
Step 2 Warming up (15 minutes)
1. Brainstorming: ask the students to think of the qualities of a good friend.
T: In summer holidays you have had computer lessons, so I think some of you have made friends. Please tell me what should a good friend be like 好朋友应该是怎样的人？or what qualities should a good friend have 好朋友应具备那些特点呢？
( Ask some students to express their opinions and list the relevant adjectives on the blackboard)
2. Add new words ( language points.doc ) honest, brave, loyal, wise, handsome, smart and explain the usage of the words.
T: I think the new words can help you describe a good friend better. Listen to me carefully and try to get the word I describe.
3. Consolidate new words and lead in the topic about friends: the students listen to the introduction of a good friend read by the teacher and find adjectives learned just now to replace the description of the good friends.
T: I have a good friend. He is always dressed neatly and cleanly, and looks like Beckham. He never tells lies, or he is always ready to help. He is not afraid of danger or difficulty. He always has very clever ideas when others do not know what to do. He likes to make others laugh.
S: He’s smart, handsome, kind, brave, wise.
4. Presentation: ask the students to describe themselves and their good friends with the words and the sentence structure “I think I am/ she is/ he is…” on Page 1.
T: Now choose three most expressive words to describe yourselves and your good friends.
Step 3 Word study ( language points.doc ) study ( from honest to movie) (4~5 minutes)
Step 4Listening (10 minutes)
1. Help the students guess the contents of the listening material by reading the questions.
T: Turn to Page 2. Read the questions and tell me what the two friends are doing.
S: They’re arguing.
T: Yes，there’s a problem between them. I’ll play the tape for three times. The first time you must find the problem without taking notes, I’ll pause after each situation to ask you. The next two times you write down the problem and solution. Are you clear
2. Play the tape for three times: first time---- ask the students to listen carefully without taking notes, pause in each situation to ask the students to talk about what’s each situation about briefly; second time----pause for the students to write down the details; third time----play the tape for the students to check their answers.
Step 5 Homework ( 1 minutes)
1. Review the words learned in this lesson and preview the rest ones.
2. After class, listen to the material on Page 2 to make sure that it’s clear to you and finish off the listening practice on Page 85, it will be checked next lesson.
3. Preview Speaking on Page2 and Talking on Page 85 and choose a situation to make a dialogue with your partner according to the example on Page 86. Next lesson I’ll ask some pairs to act it out.
反思：在第一课我先向学生介绍课本，提出学习规范，是他们养成良好的学习习惯，但是过多的要求会打击学生学习英语积极性，使学生出现上课害怕提问的情况。
The Second Period
Teaching Aims:
1. Learn and master the following words: cast, survive, deserted, hunt, share, sorrow, feeling, airplane, parachute, lie, speech, adventure, notebook, scared, e-pal, formal, error
Sentence pattern: So/ Nor + link/ auxiliary/modal verb+ subject, in order to
Phrases: be fond of, surf the Internet, hi there, be into sth, hunt for, care about, such as, drop sb a line
2. Learn the useful expressions to talk about likes and dislikes and to make apologies.
3. Stimulate the students’ interest about the text by doing Pre-reading activity.
Teaching Important Points:
1. Words and useful expressions.
2. Speaking activities.
Teaching Difficult Points:
How to stimulate the students to speak
Teaching Methods:
1. Role playing
2. Discussion in groups
Teaching Procedures:
Step 1 Greetings and Revision ( 5 minutes)
Check the listening practice in workbook
T: Yesterday you are asked to do the listening practice. Now let’s check the answers and listen again. No.1 how do friends solve such a problem
S: Try to understand your friend / Try to talk about the problem in a different way.
T: No.2 How will friends do when they don’t how to apologize
S: Start by telling each other that you are sorry and take it from there. A simple apology is often enough.
T: No.3 What’s the solution when some friends don’t know how to keep secrets
S: Keep your secrets to yourself.
Step 2 Speaking ( 20 minutes )
1. Listen to the six persons’ self-instruction and fill in the list on Page 3 without the help of the original texts on Page 2.
T: Now please turn to Page 2 and look at the speaking part. There’re six persons’ self-introduction. While listening to the tape, fill in the list and try not to see the original texts.
2. Check the list by asking some students to re-introduce the six persons and try to use the expressions on Page 3.
T: According to your list, please introduce the six people to me. Don’t forget to use the expressions in the box. I’ll fill the list on the blackboard according to your introduction. S can you try to tell us sth about John/ Steve/ Peter/ Ann/ Sarah/ Joe
Name John Steve Peter Ann Sarah Joe
Age 15 14 15 16 14
Gender boy girl boy girl girl boy
Likes football,reading skiing,reading singing dancing,computers,rock music reading,football computers,skiing
Dislikes singing, computers,rockmusic hikingrockmusicfootball football,classical music,dancing hiking,reading dancing,computers football,hiking
( The teacher lists the useful expressions on the blackboard while students are answering)
3. Make the students think about who could be friends and give the reasons according to the sentence patterns the teacher gives:
I’m sure_____ and _____could be friends,
I’m not sure that ____and____could be friends,
I think / don’t think ____and____could be friends,
Perhaps____and_____could be friends,
because she/he likes/enjoys/loves/is fond of…
because she/he doesn’t like/enjoy/ love…
because she/he hates/dislikes…
because she/he thinks…is boring/terrible.
T: From the list, the six people’s hobbies are clear to you, so it’s easy for you to decide who could be friends. Use these sentence patterns to give me your answers. For example, I’m sure John and Sarah could be friends, because they are both fond of football and reading and hates computers. I’ll give you 1 minute to prepare. Do you understand
T: Time is up. Who can talk about your decision and reasons
S: eg. I’m not sure if Steve and John could be friends, because both of them like reading, but Steve thinks that football is boring, while John loves football very much.
4. Learn how to make apologies and act out the dialogue.
T: Well done. Now turn to Page 86 and let’s do the talking in Workbook. You have prepared the dialogue, right First, we’ll learn the useful expressions in the box. Some of the expressions are used to express the problem, anger and complaints. What’re they
S: Why did you… /Why didn’t you… / You promised to…, but…/You said that you would…
T: Right. What’s the function of the sentences “I’m very sorry…/ Please forgive me./ It won’t happen again.”
S: They’re used to make apologies.
T: Very good. This unit you should master how to make apologies, so don’t forget these expressions. Now it’s time for some of you to act out your dialogue. At the same time, others should listen carefully, because I’ll ask some questions about the dialogue.
( after every situation is acted out)
T: S, Can you tell what’s wrong with Student B and how they solved the problem
Step 3 Language points ( 4~5 minutes)
Step 4 Pre-reading ( 10 mimutes)
1. Remind the students of “Robinson Crusoe” to lead them to the situation of Pre-reading and arouse their interest by showing them the pictures of the items in the box.
T: Have you read “Robinson Crusoe” written by Daniel Defoe
S: Yes.
T: Robinson is left alone on an island but survives with his strong will, useful tools. Suppose you’re the modern Robinson, left on an deserted island and there are some tools, but you are allowed to choose the three most useful items, what will you do
2. Lead the students to review the words of some subjects.
T: To begin with your dialogue, let’s the tools provided for you. What are they
S: A knife, a box of matches, a mirror, a radio, a frying pan, a gun, a hammer, a book, a saw, an umbrella, a rope, a compass.
3. Give them 3 minutes for discussion and then choose some students to express their opinions.
T: Three minutes are given to you to discuss.
Step 5 Homework ( 1 minute)
1. Prepare a self-introduction according to the speaking part on Page 2.
2. Review the words in this unit and finish the word study on Page 4 and vocabulary exercise on Page 87.
3. Preview Reading and Post-reading and find out the main idea of each paragraph and the difficult points.
反思：本课时主要以说为主，所以学生在有准备的情况下课堂气氛活跃。但是如何评价学生的操练以及如何掌握学生发言时的课堂对我是个挑战。
The Third Period
Teaching Aims:
1. Consolidate new words study by checking vocabulary exercise on Page 4 and Page 87.
2. Learn the passage in the reading part.
3. Enable the students to value the friendship.
Teaching Important Points:
Get the students understand the text and master the language points in it:
Teaching Difficult Points:
How to make the students understand the text better.
Teaching Methods:
1. Skimming and scanning methods to go through the passage.
2. Consolidation through listening.
3. Ask-and-answer activities to get the information in the passage.
Teaching Procedures
Step 1 Greetings and Revision ( 10 minutes)
1. Check the vocabulary exercise on Page 4 and Page 87.
T: Let’s read the words in Unit 1 together. Please read after me.
T: Turn to Page 4 and check the answers in Word Study. One student reads out the whole sentence, and his partner translates it and points out the phrases in the sentence.
Phrases: tell lies, share happiness and sorrow with sb, argue with, be regarded as, be afraid of, be quick in mind and action.
T: Turn to Page87, and we’ll check Exercise1,2,3. Exercise 1, S1, comes to write the words in order; Exercise 2, S2 comes to write the first two sentences of the letter, while S3 writes the rest sentences. Others check Exercise2 together. I’ll ask some of you to read your sentences one by one. Let’s begins.
2. Ask some students to introduce their hobbies and dislikes.
T: Yesterday we learned some self-introduction. Today I want some of you to introduce your likes and dislikes. Who would like to try
Step 2 Reading
1. Lead in the text by asking some relevant questions.( 1 minutes)
T: Today we’ll learn a new text “ Chuck’s Friend”. Since you have previewed it, please tell me who’s Chuck’s Friend
S: A volleyball/ Wilson.
T: Really How can Chuck make friends with Wilson, a volleyball We’ll find the answer in the course of reading. Now tell me if Chuck is a real man in our life.
S: No.
T: Yes, he’s a character in the movie. What’s the name of the movie
S: Cast Away.
T: What’ the Chinese name
S: 荒岛余生.
T: Who plays ( language points.doc ) Chuck in the movie
S: Tom Hanks.
T: A famous movie star who won Oscar Awards for Best Actor two times and plays Forrest Gump. In Cast Away, Tom Hanks also plays Chuck successfully. Let’s see how the story takes place.
2. Analyze the four paragraphs from main ideas to details, including the language points. (15~ 20 minutes)
Para.1
T: Read Para.1 carefully and answer the questions:
T: What does Chuck do
S: Chuck is a manager in a company that sends mails all over the world.
T: He’s successful in his career.
T: How does he treat his friends
S: He’s so busy that he has little time for his friends.
T: Right. Is there a similar sentence to express the same meaning
S: He’s too busy to be with his friends.
T: What happens to Chuck one day
S: One day Chuck is on a flight across the Pacific Ocean when suddenly his plane crashes.
T: Yes, he has a flight accident. Pay attention to the adverbial clause led by “when” ( language points.doc ).
T: How many people stay on the island
S: No one.
T: Yes. You understand the meaning of “ deserted ( language points.doc )”. We get the details of Para.1. Can you find what the whole paragraph is about
S: It’s about Chuck’s story.
T: Good. Para.1 is the introduction of Chuck.
Para.2
T: Let’s see Para.2 to find how Chuck survives all alone on the deserted island.
S: He has to learn collect water, hunt for food, make fire.
T: Anything else
S: He makes friends with a volleyball.
T: Yes, you get it. Look at the last sentence in Para.2. Who would like to translate it
S: 为了生存，查克结交了一名与众不同的朋友——一个他叫做威尔逊的排球。
T: Besides material needs, Chuck can’t live without friendship, the spiritual need. Please underline the phrases ( language points.doc ) “ in order to, develop a friendship with”.
T: Go through this paragraph and find where the main idea lies.
S: In the first sentence.
T: Well done. Remember that in English texts, topic sentence usually lies at the beginning and the end of each paragraph.
Para.3
T: Go through Paragraph 3 quickly and find out the topic sentence.
S: The first sentence is the topic sentence.
T: Right. This paragraph is about what Chuck learns about himself on the island. Can you find the details
S: He realizes that he hasn’t been a very good friend because he has always been thinking about himself.
T: Yes, it’s the second sentence. S, please translate it.
S: 他意识到他以往总是为自己着想，从没做过别人的好朋友。
T: Good. “think about” means 考虑. Pay attention to the tense.这是现在完成进行时，“他总是为自己着想” 这一动作从过去一直延续到现在, 故用现在完成时. always表示一直、总是, 含有或褒或贬的感彩，常用进行时.For example, the workers have been working day and night to finish the project.
T: Does Chuck learn anything else
S: Chuck learns that…/ and He also learns that…
T: Please translate it.
S: 他懂得我们需要朋友同甘共苦，关心别人是很重要的。查克还认识到自己本该多多关心朋友。
T: Underline the phrases ( language points.doc ): share happiness and sorrow, care about, should have cared more about. Pay attention to should have cared more about, 这里是should + have done表示本该做……却没有做到, so it implies that Chuck didn’t care about his friends before.
T: And the last sentence is also Chuck’s realization. S, please read and translate it.
S: When he makes friends with Wilson, he understands that…
当他与威尔逊叫朋友时，他明白了友谊离不开感情，我们的索取和回报是同等的。
T: Let’s explain the sentence. Understand后有两句that引导的宾语从句，第一个that可以省略，第二个从句的that不可省略. 第二个宾语从句we must give as much as we take 中的give, take是付出和给予的意思.
T: Ok, please look at the middle of this paragraph. It’s about how Chuck treats Wilson. S, read the sentences and point out the useful phrases.
S: become fond of, treat…as…
Paragraph 4
T: Chuck treats Wilson as an unusual friend, do you have your own unusual friend just like a lucky pen, a diary
S: No.
S: Yes, the dog in my house is my unusual friend.
T: Why can it be your friend
S: Because it can play with me and bring happiness tome.
T: You’re right. It’s the value of friendship. No matter whether your friends are animals or objects or human beings, they can be helpful in your life.
T: Look at the second sentence from the end: The lesson we can learn from Chuck and all the others who have unusual friends is that friends are teachers. What’s the subject, the predicate
S: The subject is the lesson, the predicate is is.
T: Good. The part between the lesson and is is the attributive clause that modifies the lesson.这个启示是从哪里学到的呢？
S: 查克和其他人。
T: Yes, what’s the function of the clause who have unusual friends
S: all the others 的定语从句。
3. Retell the details of each paragraph with the help of the hints on the blackboard.(3 minutes)
T: That’s all for the passage. Now I’ll play the tape. You must follow it in a low voice. I’ll pause after Paragraph1,2 for you to retell them according to the hints on the blackboard.
T: The last point I want to mention is that the tense. 这里用一般现在时因为
Step 3 Post-reading (10 minutes)
1. Discuss the value of friendship.
T: After listening to Paragraph3, 4, discuss why friendship is important to us.
2. Use imagination to discuss Question 4 and ask the students to act out the situation.
T: Let’s play a game provided in Question 4 for relaxation. You are divided into groups of four and each of you chooses a role to play. There’re 4 roles in the case: a policeman, a doctor, a teacher and a scientist. Please borrow me a schoolbag as the only one parachute. You must decide who will get the parachute and four of you should give the decision and reasons.
Step 4 Summary and Homework
1. Summarize the language points ( language points.doc ) again and ask the students to underline them.
2. Homework: a. read the passage and recite Paragraph 3,4.
b. review the language points in this unit.
c. do the reading comprehension Page 88.
d. preview Grammar on Page 5 and Page 177-180 and try to do Exercise1,2 on Page 5.
反思：用课件上课能调动学生的积极性，完整地展示课堂内容，但是由于阅读课的内容多，所以学生往往来不及记下要点。本课的语言点太多，我解释得太细，有些详略不当；如果学生没有好好预习，学生跟不上上课的步骤。
The Fourth Period
Teaching Aims:
1. Review the reading material and the words in Unit 1.
2. Learn and master direct and indirect speech.
Teaching Important Points:
1. Consolidate the knowledge in reading part.
2. Master the interchanges of direct speech and indirect speech in the declarative and interrogative sentences.
Teaching Difficult Points:
1. Master the changes of the pronouns, tenses, adverbials in the interchanges of direct speech and indirect speech.
Teaching Methods:
1. Consolidate the language points by dictation.
2. Explanation and inductive methods to make the students master the interchanges of direct speech and indirect speech in the declarative and interrogative sentences.
Teaching Procedures:
Step 1 Greetings and Revision (10 minutes)
1. Check the language points through dictation.
T: This lesson we’ll have a test. Take out a piece of paper. Are you ready
2. Check the details of the passage learned last lesson by asking some questions.
T: Close your book. Let me check up on you to see whether you have reviewed the passage. Now I want you to introduce the movie. Any volunteer
T: How does Chuck survive on the deserted island
T: What does Chuck learn about himself
Step 2 Grammar Study ( 15 minutes)
1. Let three students make sentences and ask another three students what they said just now so that direct speech and indirect speech are introduced.
T: To begin with, I want you to translate some sentences.
我不喜欢电脑。
S1: I don’t like computers.
T: What did S1 say just now
S2: S1 said that he /she didn’t like computers.( The teacher writes the sentences on the blackboard. It doesn’t matter if there is something wrong with the students’ answers. The errors will be corrected when the grammar is explained in order.)
T: Good. S2 used indirect speech to report what S1 said just now, while direct speech is often shown in quotation marks.
约翰，你看见我的指南针了吗？
S1: Have you seen my compass, John
T: S2, Can you retell S1’s words
S2: S1 asked John if he had seen her compass.
T: Yes, S2 changed S1’s words into indirect speech.
露西，吉姆将怎么解决这个问题？
S1: Lucy, how will Jim solve the problem
T: S2, what did S1 say just now
S2: S1 asked Lucy how Jim would solve the problem.
T: You must have found some changes from direct speech to indirect speech. Let’s summarize the rules of these changes.
2. From the three examples given above summarize some rules of changes between direct speech and indirect speech.
3. Summarize the changes of the predicates, verbs, pronouns, tenses, adverbials in the interchanges of direct speech and indirect speech, besides the special cases.
Sentence 1: it’s a statement. We use that to lead the object clause and it can be omitted.
Sentence 2: it’s a general question. We use if / whether to lead the object clause. whether可以用于选择问句中，if不可以.
Sentence 3: a special question. We should use original interrogative in indirect speech.
Next pay attention to the change of predicates: A say to B A tell B that
In the case of questions the predicate is changed to ask.
Let’s compare verb tense in the three examples and refer to Page 178:
present past past past perfect
future past future present perfect past perfect
past perfect :unchanged present continous past continous
On Page 178 to 179 the list show you the rules about how to change some adverbial words, verbs and pronouns.
Don’t forget the special cases:
If we are at the given time and place, it’s not necessary to change here, come, yesterday, tomorrow etc. into there, go, the day before, the next day.
If the content in direct speech is objective truth, there is no change in tenses.
Let’s see the examples on Page 179.
Step 3 Practicing ( 15minutes)
1. Do Exercise 1 on page 5 and check them together.
2. Do Exercise 2 on Page 5 and ask the groups of three to act out the dialogue.
3. Do Exercise1 in the part of grammar on Page87 and consolidate the rules of changes.
T: Ok. You have learned the rules about the interchange from direct speech to indirect speech. Next try to do some exercises by yourselves to check if you have mastered these rules. Please read out your answer.
Step 4 Homework
1. Review the grammar in this lesson.
2. Finish Exercise 2,3 on Page 88 and hand in the answers.
3. Preview how to write an e-mail and answer one of the e-mail ads on Page 7 in the form of e-mails.
反思：本课时为语法课，多利用学生自己的归纳整理来学习新语法点，尽量少让自己唱独角戏。
The Fifth Period
Teaching Aims:
1. Review the grammar.
2. Train the students’ writing ability after learning the rules of e-mail writing and revising their own compositions.
3. Train the students’ integrating skills by comprehending the text on Page88.
Teaching Important Points:
1. Master the interchanges of direct speech and indirect speech in the declarative and interrogative sentences.
2. Learn to write an e-mail.
Teaching Difficult Points:
How to improve the students’ integrating skills.
Teaching Procedures:
Step 1 Greetings
Step 2 Reading ( 3 minutes)
T: Read the short passage on Page 6 to be clear about the questions:
What’s a pen pal
What’s a e-pal
What’s the advantage of e-mails
T: You have read the e-pal ads on Page 7, have you found any new phrase
S: drop sb a line.
T: Can you another phrase to explain it
S: It means write to sb.
Step 3 Writing ( 7 minutes)
1. Ask the students to list the rules of an e-mail and then explain the tips one by one.
T: Take out your e-mails and talk about the rules of writing e-mails. Suppose the blackboard is the computer screen. What will you write
S: I’ll write the address of the receiver and my own address, the subject, and my name at the end of the e-mail.
T: Good. I think you’re familiar with writing an e-mail. Turn to Page7 to see the tips of writing e-mails.
2. According to the tips to check their own compositions and then hand them in.
T: According to the tips to check your own compositions, correct some errors and then hand them in.
Step 4 Integrating skills ( on Page 88-89) (15 minutes)
1. Analyze the passage
T: Turn to Page 88 and we’ll talk about the long passage. Let’s see Part 1. Can you find its main idea
S: Friends come in many flavours.
T: Right. What’s the meaning of flavours
S: 种类。
T: Good. Let’s see the different kinds together.
Please tell the characteristics of different kinds of friends.
S: Best friends are… ( Page89)
School friends are…
Fair-weathered friends are…
Forever friends are…
T: Part 2 shows you the example of two best friends. Would you like to answer me how they helped each other.
S: Janet helped Sarah overcome her shyness; Sarah helped Janet with her math study.
T: What does overcome her shyness mean
S: It means 克服羞涩.
T: overcome means 克服, for example, overcome the difficulty; shyness is the noun of the adj. shy.
T: Let’s see Part 3. What does the title “ Friends Across Boarders” mean
S: 跨越国界的朋友。
T: Good. It means the friends that live apart. Michel and Xiao Li are the examples of friends across boarders. Did they meet each other
S: No.
T: How do you know they didn’t meet each other
S: The answer lies in the fourth sentence.
T: Let’s see it. Despite the fact that they have never met each other, Michel and Xiao Li are best friends. despite is a prepositon, 其后接名词，从句，动词-ing, 意思是尽管，不顾，不管。Who can translate the sentence
S: 尽管他们从未见面，迈克和小李是最好的朋友。
T: S, can you answer Question 6
S: We can make friends from other countries by writing e-pal ads in newspapers or on the Internet.
T: Right. We should make full use of the mass media. Next I’ll give you 3 minutes to discuss Question 5,7,8.
( After 3 minutes ask some students to express their views)
3. Point out the language points.
T: Let’s go through the language points quickly.
Words: flavour 种类、 味道, culture 文化,
have a problem/ problems with sth ……出了问题
overcome her shyness 克服了她的羞怯
explain sth to sb 向某人解释……
despite the fact that… 尽管……
make fun of = laugh at 嘲笑……
be curious about 对……很好奇
Step 5 Revision (15 minutes)
1. Review direct speech and indirect speech by checking Exercise 2,3 on Page88.
T: So much for Integrating skills. Turn to Page 88, Exercise 2. It’s Sarah’s diary about her first day in senior high school. Please read the indirect speech and change them into direct speech.
T: We continue to check Exercise 3. Let’s do it in pairs. One student read the direct speech, the other one change it into direct speech. Are you clear
2. Have a dictation of the phrases in this Unit. ( if time is enough)
Step 6 Homework
1. Finish the writing practice on Page90.
2. Preview the words in Unit 2 and the part of Warming Up.
3. Do the listening exercise on Page 9.
反思：本课为练习课，用课件演示能帮助我完成大量的习题讲解，但幻灯片切换太快，一些学生无法记全笔记。
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3名词性从句
名词性从句——主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句、同位语从句
名词性从句是由if, whether, that 和各种疑问词充当连接词所引导的从句，其功能同名词一样。
一．主语从句
主语从句是在复合句中充当主语的从句，通常放在主句谓语动词之前或由形式主语it代替，而本身放在句子末尾。
1. It 作形式主语
It 作形式主语代替主语从句，主要是为了平衡句子结构，主语从句的连接词没有变化。例如：
It is a pity that you didn’t go to see the film.
It doesn’t interest me whether you succeed or not.
2. 用it 作形式主语的结构
(1) It is ＋名词＋从句
It is a fact that … 事实是…
It is an honor that …非常荣幸
It is common knowledge that …是常识
(2) it is ＋形容词＋从句
It is natural that… 很自然…
It is strange that… 奇怪的是…
(3) it is ＋不及物动词＋从句
It seems that… 似乎…
It happened that… 碰巧…
(4) it ＋过去分词＋从句
It is reported that… 据报道…
It has been proved that… 已证实…
3. 由连词that 或者whether引导的主语从句：
这种情况下 that 和whether只是引导作用 不担当成分，不能省略，并且可以转变成it形式主语。
That the earth is round is true。―――it is true that the earth is round。
Whether he will come or not hasn’t been decided.
4. 由连接代词或者连接副词引导的主语从句：
连接代词who,which和连接副词when，where，how，why都可以引导主语从句，可以分别担任主语，宾语和状语，不能省略，可以改为it引导的主语从句。
Who let out the news remained unknown
----it remained unknown who let out the news.
Why he didn’t come here is not clear to anyone.
----it is not clear to anyone why he didn’t come.
5. 以关系代词what, whatever whoever whichever等引导的主语从句：
whoever leaves the office should tell me。（这里whoever做主语）
改成定语从句：Any one who leaves the office should tell me。
Whenever the Olympic Games will be held in Beijing is not known yet.
6. What 与that 在引导主语从句时的区别
What 引导主语从句时在句时在从句中充当句子成分，如主语、宾语、表语，而that 则不然。例如：
1) What you said yesterday is right.
2) That she is still alive is a consolation.
二．宾语从句
宾语从句就是在复合句中作宾语的名词性从句，通常放在主句谓语动词（及物动词）或介词之后。
1. 作动词的宾语
(1) 由that引导的宾语从句（that 通常可以省略）,例如：
I heard that he joined the army.
(2) 由what, whether (if) 引导的宾语从句，例如：
1) She did not know what had happened.
2) I wonder whether you can change this note for me.
(3) 动词＋间接宾语＋宾语从句。例如：
She told me that she would accept my invitation.
2. 作介词的宾语 :
Our success depends upon how well we can cooperate with one another.
3. 作形容词的宾语
例如：I am afraid (that) I’ve made a mistake.
That 引导的从句常跟在下列形容词后作宾语：
anxious, aware, certain, confident, convinced, determined, glad, proud, surprised, worried, sorry, thankful, ashamed, disappointed, annoyed, pleased, hurt, satisfied, content 等。
4. It 可以作为形式宾语
It 不仅可以作为形式主语，还可以作为形式宾语，而真正的宾语that (也可能是to do) 从句则放在句尾，特别是在带复合宾语的句子中。 例如：
We heard it that she would get married next month.
He found it pretty hard to learn both English and French well at the same time.
5. 后边不能直接跟that 从句的动词
这类动词有
allow, refuse, let, like, cause, force, admire, condemn, celebrate, dislike, love, help, take, forgive等。这类词后可以用不定式或动名词作宾语，但不可以用that引导的宾语从句。例如：
I admire their winning the match. (right)
I admire that they won the match. (wrong)
6.否定的转移若主句谓语动词为think, consider, suppose, believe, expect, fancy, guess, imagine等，其后的宾语从句若含有否定意义，一般要把否定词转移到主句谓语上，从句谓语用肯定式。例如：
I don’t think this dress fits you well.（我认为这件衣服不适合你穿。）
7. 注意事项：
1. 宾语从句时态要与主语保持相应的一致和变化。
2. 从句的语态要变为陈述语序。
三．表语从句
表语从句在复合句中作表语的名词性从句，放在系动词之后，一般结构是“主语＋连系动词＋表语从句”。可以接表语从句的连系动词有be, look, remain, seem等。引导表语从句的that一般不可省略。另外，常用的还有the reason is that… 和It is because 等结构。例如：
1) The question is whether we can make good preparation in such a short time.
2) This is why we can’t get the support of the people.
3) But the fact remains that we are behind the other classes.
4) The reason he is late for school is that he missed the early bus.
四．同位语从句
同位语从句就是在复合句中作名词的同位语的名词性从句。
1. 同位语从句的功能
同位语从句对于名词进一步解释，说明名词的具体内容，一般由that引导，例如：
1) The king’s decision that the prisoner would be set free surprised all the people.
2) The order that all the soldiers should stay still is given by the general.
2. 同位语在句子中的位置
同位语从句有时可以不紧跟在它所说明的名词后面，而是被别的词隔开。例如：
He got the news from Mary that the sports meeting was put off.
3. 一般用于同位语从句的抽象名词有：
news， idea，belief, doubt, fact, rumor, order, hope, answer…
3. 同位语从句与定语从句的区别
(1) 定语从句中的that既代替先行词，同时可以在从句中作某个成分（主语或宾语），而同位语从句中的that是连词，只起连接主句与从句的作用，不充当句中任何成分。
(2) 定语从句是形容词性的，其功能是修饰先行词，对先行词加以限定，描述定的性质或特征；同位语从句是名词性的，其功能是对名词进行补充说明。例如：
1) The news that he told me is that Tom would go abroad next year.（他告诉我的消息是汤姆明年将出国。）（第一个that引导的从句是定语从句，that在从句中作宾语）
2)The news that Tom would go abroad is told by him.（汤姆将出国的消息是他讲的。）（同位语从句，that在句中不作任何成分）
whether 与if 在名词性从句中：
1．引导宾语从句时，whether和if可以互换，但是出现or not时候只能用whether
I don’t know whether/ if I can come.
I don’t know whether I can come or not.
2. 如果宾语从句是否定结构，则用if。
I don’t care if he doesn’t show up.
4. 介词宾语从句只能用whether 引导。
We worried about whether he was in god health.
5. 引导表语从句，主语从句和同位语从句时都用whether。
The question whether he should come himself or send another one hasn’t been decided.
Whether they win is all the same to me.
The Question is whether you can do it yourself.Unit 7 Culture relics
Teaching Aims and Demands
Words and Phrases
cultural represent ruin burn unite period stone damage ancient project official population breath limit sincerely Pyramid include restore rebuild beauty photograph portrait recreate artist vase brick cave carbon
Spoken English:
1. Giving advice & Make suggestions
What shall we … Maybe we could …
Shall we … I’d like to …
Can’t we … What/how about …
Should we … Why don’t you …
Let’s … Why not …
Grammar: The passive Voice
1. 描述事物已经受到某种影响或某种处理——使用现在完成时被动语态。例如：
Now, after years of hard work, parts of statues have been put back together and missing pieces have been replaced.
2. 描述人物已经被动地接受某种行为或某种处理——使用现在完成时被动语态。例如：
The sick woman has been sent to hospital, and now you can’t visit her.
Jack has been told about it, so you needn’t call him up.
Use of Language:
1. Master the function use of language as defined above.
2. Help the students to finish the tasks of listening, reading, writing, speaking presented in the book and the exercise book through using what the students have learned. Learn the text about cultural relics and finish the relative exercises and writing tasks, like write a report on the world’s cultural relics, write a brief introduction of my hometown.
Important points: The use of the Passive Voice
The cultural differences
Difficult points: Use of the Passive Voice
Teaching aids: Computer, tape-recorder
Way of Teaching: Communication way of teaching, discussion and group work.
Lesson 1
Step 1 Warming-Up
Get the students to look at the pictures in their books: a pyramid in Egypt, the Great Wall in China, and Stonehenge in England. Ask the students to name more sites like these and ask what they have in common.
The answers may be: The pyramids, the Great Wall, the Stonehenge are not only the great places of interest but also the symbols of their countries and their cultures.
Step 2 Listening
First go through the listening part together with the students. Get the students to know what they are going to do.
Name of the site Why is it important What is being done to protect it
1
2
3
Step 3 Speaking
First get the students to know what they are going to do. Then explain that a “culture capsule” – an imaginary large box – will be sent into space. Ask the students to decide what objects to put in the box. The object should help whoever finds the box understand what and who human beings are. Students can work in pairs or groups. They have to decide what to put in the box and explain why they have chosen them. I.e. how the objects will help explain who we are and how we live.
Help the students to decide they want to put in the box and list the reason .
Step 4 Home work
Fish the exercise in the talking part in their workbooks.
Lesson 2
Step 1Revision and Introduction
Go over the homework.
List some cities like Beijing, Paris, Chang’an, Rome, then ask the students to discuss these questions with their partners.
1. Some cities, like Paris and Beijing, are called great cities of the world. In your opinion, what makes a city great
2. What are your favourite cities Why
3. What cultural relics are there in the place where you live How important are they
Step 2 Fast-reading
First give a brief introduction of the text A City of Heroes.
Read the text fast and tell the following sentences true of false:
1. ( ) The city of St Petersburg was rebuilt by Peter the great.
2. ( ) The Germans attacked St Petersburg a hundred years ago.
3. ( ) A portrait of Peter the Great was destroyed by the Germans.
4. ( ) It was difficult for people to rebuild the old palaces.
5. ( ) Workers and painters used old photographs to help them rebuild the city.
6. ( ) St Petersburg will never be as beautiful as it was before.
The answers are: True: 3 4 5. False: 1 2 6.
Step 3 Carefully-reading
First tell the main idea of each paragraph.
Paragraph 1 St Petersburg lies on the banks of the river Lena in Russia. More than three hundred years ago, The Russian Czar, Peter the Great, built a new capital here. Peter the Great was a strong and proud man, and the city reflects his personality.
Paragraph 2 St Petersburg has been the center of many important historical events. These events are the reason why the city has become such an important part of Russian culture and history. The people of St Petersburg fought hard against the Nazis during World War II and were determined to rebuild the city when the Nazis had left it in ruins.
Paragraph 3 Rebuilding the great city was difficult, but the people of St Petersburg succeeded. Using old photographs and rescued pieces of the old city, they managed to restore St Petersburg to its former glory.
Paragraph 4 The people of St Petersburg are heroes because they managed to rebuild the city, proving that they are at least as great as Czar Peter.
Step 4 Retelling
Retell the text according to the above main ideas.
Step 5 Homework
Finish the exercise in the Post-reading Part on p46.
Find the sentences using the Present perfect passive Voice.
Lesson 3
Step 1 Revision
Check the homework..
Step 2 Word-study
Fill in the blanks with the proper words or phrases.
Step 3 Grammar
First list some sentences that are used in the Present Perfect Passive Voice.
1. It is true that many of the world’s greatest cities have been built on the banks of a river.
2. Many great palaces were built during his lifetime.
3. Building were destroyed, and paintings and …
4. Pieces of the palaces that had been hidden before the Nazis came could now be used to rebuild the city and its culture.
5. now, after years of hard work, parts of statues have been put back together and missing pieces have been replaced.
6. Old paintings, including a portrait of Peter the Great which was found in the snow outside St Petersburg, have been carefully recreated, and the old palaces have been made as wonderful as in the past.
Then ask the students to find the formation of the Present Perfect Passive Voice:
Be + pp → have/has been + pp
Step 4 Consolidation
Ask the students to finish the exercises 1-2 in part 1.
Step 5 Homework
Finish the exercise 2 in their workbooks.
Lesson 4
Step 1 Revision
Check the homework.
Step 2 Reading
Ask the students to read the passage in the Integrating Skills part. And they should find the way of a passage formation ---
That is how the passage is structured. The tips in their books may be used as a guide when they are reading.
Step 3 Writing
Ask the students to try to make their writing first orally. In the same while, ask several students to read their passage out and find the place where it may be written in other better way. Then show the students a sample writing and analysis the good of the passage.
Step 4 Homework
Leave the exercise of writing in their workbooks as the homework.情态动词练习
Exercises:
1. “ _____ you play baseball ” “ No, I _______. “
A. Can; may B. Can’t; can’t C. May; can’t D. can; can
2. “ ______ I hand in the paper this week ” “ No, you ______. You _____ hand it in next week.
A. Must; needn’t; may B. will; mustn’t; ought to
C. Shall; can’t; have to D. Should; didn’t have to; can
3. There were already 4 people in the car but they managed to take John as well. It ______ a comfortable journey.
A. can’t be B. wouldn’t be
C. mustn’t have been C. couldn’t have been
4. It’s nearly eight o’clock. They ______ be here at any moment.
A. must B. can C. should D. need
5. “ ______ I take the magazine out of the reading room ” “ Sorry, you _____.”
A. May; mustn’t B. Must; can’t
C. will; didn’t have to C. Can; aren’t able to
6. The boss say to the secretary, “ If you work well, you _____ have a rise.”
A. shall B. would C. must D. ought
7. Let’s sing a song, ______ we
A. will B. can’t C. shall D. do
8. “______ you go so soon ” “ No, I ______ go yet.”
A Must; mustn’t B. Shall; won’t
C. Can; may not D. Must; needn’t
9. The book I borrowed from the library isn’t here. Who __________
A. could have taken it B. must have taken it
C. might take it D. should take it.
10. “ They went to the lecture, but it had been put off.” “ Oh, so they _______.”
A. needn’t have gone B. should have gone
C. mustn’t have gone D. don’t need to go
11. “________ I have a glass of beer ” “ No, I’m afraid you ________.”
A. Can’t; can’t B. Could; won’t C. May; daren’t D. Shall; may
12. “ Isn’t that Tom playing basketball ” “ It ______ be; he fell off the ladder yesterday and got badly hurt.”
A. mustn’t B. would rather not C. couldn’t D. wouldn’t
13. “ Need he go ” “ Yes, he ______.”
A. need B. can C. may D. must
14. Tell me how you work out the answer, _______ you
A. can B. will C. don’t D. shan’t
15. You promised your friend a letter; you ought to ______ days ago.
A. write B. be writing C. have written D. be written
16. She had done more work in one day than her brother _______ in three days.
A will do B. may do C. could do D. has done
17. The teacher told the student that he ______ pay for the missing magazine.
A. didn’t need to B. need not to C. mustn’t D. not had to
18. It is Saturday tomorrow. I _______ get up early.
A. don’t need B. needn’t to C. can’t D. needn’t
19. You made a lot of spelling mistakes in your composition. You ______ after you finished writing it.
A. mustn’t have gone it over B. shouldn’t have gone it over
C. needn’t have gone it over D. can’t have gone it over
20. Miss Wilson isn’t in the office, so she _______ in one of the computer rooms.
A. must work B. must be working
C. should have to work D. needs to work
NMET
1. A computer ______ think for itself; it must be told what to do.
A. can’t B. couldn’t C. may not D. might not
2. Jenny _______ have kept her word. I wonder why she changed her mind.
A. must B. should C. need D. would
3. We _______ last night, but we went to the concert instead.
A. must have studied B. might study
C. should have studied D. would study
4. ---- Could I borrow your dictionary
---- Yes, of course you ______.
A. might B. will C. can D. should
5. Tom ought not to _______ me your secret, but he meant no harm.
A. have told B. tell C. be telling D. having told
6. ---- If he _______, he ________ that food.
---- Luckily he was sent to the hospital immediately.
A. was warmed; would not take
B. had been warmed; would not have taken
C. would be warmed; had not taken
D. would have be warmed; had not taken
7. Peter ______ come with us tonight, but he isn’t very sure yet.
A. must B. may C. can D. will
8. I told Sally how to get here, but perhaps I _______ for her.
A. had to write it out
B. must have written it out
C. should have written it out
D. ought to write it out
9. I didn’t see your sister at the meeting. If she _______, she would have met my brother.
A. has come B. did come C. came D. had come
10. ----Shall I tell John about it
---- No, you _______. I’ve told him already.
A. needn’t B. wouldn’t C. mustn’t D. shouldn’t
11. When a pencil is partly in a glass of water, it looks as if it ______.
A. breaks B. has broken C. were broken D. had been broken
12. Without electricity human life ______ quite difficult today.
A. is B. will be C. would have been D. would be
13. He ________ you more help, even though he was very busy.
A. might have given
B. might give
C. may give
D. would give
14. Johnny, you _______ play with the knife, you ________ hurt yourself.
A. won’t; can’t B. mustn’t may C. shouldn’t; must D. can’t; shouldn’t
15. The fire spread through the hotel very quickly but everyone ______ get out.
A. had to B. would C. could D. was able to
16. ----When can I come for the photos I need them tomorrow afternoon.
----They ______ be ready by 12:00.
A. can B. should C. might D. need
17 ---- I stayed at a hotel while in New York.
----Oh, did you You ______ with Barbara.
A. could have stay B. could stay
C. would stay D. must have stayed
18 ---Will you stay for lunch
---- Sorry, _______. My brother is coming to see me.
A. I mustn’t B. I can’t C. I needn’t D. I won’t
19 ---- Are you coming to Jeff’s party
---- I ‘m not sure. I ______ go to the concert instead.
A. must B. would C. should D. might
20 A left-luggage office is a place where bags _____ be left for a short time, especially at a railway station.
A. should B. can C. must D. will
Keys:
Exercises 1-5 BADCA 6-10 ACDAA
11-15 ACDBC 16-20 CADDB
NMET 1-5 ABCCA 6-10 BBCDA
11-15 CDABD 16-20 BABDBUnit 3 Going places
Teaching Aims and Demands
Words and Phrases
consider means experience vacation nature basic equipment simple normal excitement separate get away from watch out protect sb/sth from see sb off on the other hand as well as transportation board simply tip poisonous handle combine
Spoken English:
1.Intention and plans:
What would you prefer going …
When are you going off to…
How would you like to go to…
How are you going to…
2.Wishes:
Have a good trip. Have a nice/pleasant trip.
Grammar:
Using the Present Continuous Tense for future actions
1. Adventure travel is becoming more and more popular.
Look! He is waiting at the gate.
2. Bob is coming with me to the airport.
How are you getting there
How long are you staying in xi’an
Use of Language:
(1) Help the students to finish the tasks of listening, reading, writing, speaking presented in the book and the exercise book through using what the students have known. Learn the text about traveling. Finish the exercise in their books.
(2) Get the students to learn some skills about giving intentions and wishes.
Important points: Grammar and learning about the basic skills and the purpose while traveling.
Difficult points: Using the Present Continuous Tense for future actions
Teaching aids: computer tape-recorder
Way of Teaching: communication way of teaching, discussion and group work.
Lesson 1
Step 1 Warming-Up
1. Ask the students to look at the pictures and write down the people are doing wrong.
(a).He is driving too fast.
(b).He is littering./He is throwing rubbish on the ground.
(c).The man is smoking where he shouldn’t . / The sign says that smoking is not allowed, but he is smoking anyway.
(d).The car is parked where no parking is allowed./ The car is parked in the wrong place.
2. Show the students pictures of different places. Ask them to choose the best way of transportation.
3. The students will discuss the advantages and disadvantages of different means of transportation.
Step 2 Listening
(a) Because when you are traveling, you need to listen to announcements to get enough information. Ask the student to listen to the tape and fill out the charts in 1 and 2.
(b) Finish the listening part in the workbook as well.
Step 3 Speaking
Imagine that you have a machine that lets you travel in time. With this machine you could travel to the past or the future. Then make a dialogue using the questions in the form as a guide. Here the teacher may first give an example as a guide.
Encourage more students to practise the dialogue.
Useful Expressions:
I would like to travel to the year…
I would like to know what life was like … years ago.
I want to know what like will be like…years from now.
To which year do you want to go
Do you want to travel to the future or to the past
Step 4 Homework
Ask the students to get previewed the reading material in the listening part.
Lesson2
Step 1 Introduction
Ask the students to close their books and ask individual students to answer the questions in Pre-reading.
1.Do you like traveling Why or why not
2.Where would you most like to travel Why
3.Have you ever heard about adventure travel What do you think of it
Divide the student into groups. Ask them to prepare a trip to the place they like. Encourage the students/the leader of a group to give reasons why they think their plan is the best.
Step 2 Fast-reading
Tell the students that there are kinds of travels. And get them give their idea of the possible variation of travel.
Then ask the students to read paragraph 1quickly and answer the following questions first:
Why do people travel
Why do people want adventure travel
What are the two examples of adventure travel
Step 3 Careful-reading
1.For part one, give the students the following questions and ask them to read paragraph 1 carefully.
1).What is hiking
2).Why is hiking a kind of adventure travel
3).Where can you go hiking
Deal with the language points if there is any.
2. For paragraph 2, give the students the following questions and answer the following questions:
1).What is rafting
2).Where is rafting done
3).Why is rafting a kind of adventure travel
Deal with the language points if there is any.
Step 4 Post-reading
Ask the students to listen to the tape while getting the exercise 1 done.
The answer is: a b d d c
Ask the students to read the text carefully and fill in the chart in exercise 2. Then check their answers.
Step 5 Homework
Get the students to be prepared for the talking part in their workbooks.
Lesson 3
Step 1 Revision
Check the students’ homework by asking several of them to report what they have done.
Step 2 Word-study
Give the students several minutes to finish the exercise in word-study. Then check the answer with them.
Step 3 Grammar
First give the students a brief explanation of “Using the Pressent Continuous Tense for Future Actions”.
1. When the present tense is used of the future in the main clause, there is often an indication of time. The action is usually regarded as having been dicided upon beforehand. Verbs that are often used in this way are go, come, leave, get, arrive, meet, see off, take off, return, start, fly, stay, etc.
e.g. “I’m leaving at seven tonight.”
2. The present tense is used of the future in a clause introduced by “when”, “if”, “before”, “till/untill”, “everytime”, “by the time”, “as soon as”, “the moment” etc.
e.g. We shall not go out for a hike if it rains tomorrow.
Step 4 Consolidation
Ask the students to read the dialogue and underline the verbs that express future in exercise 1.
For exercise 2 encourage the students to give as many answers as possible.
Step 5 Workbook
Get the students to finish the exercise 3 in the students workbook. Check the answers with the students.
Step 6 Homework
Finish the exercises 1 and 2.
Lessson 4
Step 1 Revision
Check the homework
Step 2 Discussion
First explain to the students what an Eco-travel is. Then divide the students into groups of four. Ask the students to decide where they will go and why. Here you may add more examples of destinations, so the student may have a larger choice.
At last ask each group leader to report their decisions while giving their reasons.
Step 3 Writing
Before the students start to write the passage, get them to read the requirement carefully. And make sure that they understand what they are asked to do.
Sample letters
Dear Mum and Dad,
We have just arrived at the hotel. We ate unpacking our bags and we will go to the park this morning. We are going to have a picnic in the park and eat sandwiches. After the picnic, we will go back to our hotel. In the afternoon we will go for a walk and maybe sing songs in the evening. On Sunday, we are going to play volley-ball on the beach and then go hiking. When we get back from hiking. When we get back from hiking, we will pack, go to the train station, and go home. This is our first day and we are very excited. I think we will have a great time.
Love
Sue
Dear Mum and Dad,
We are playing volleyball on the beach. Yesterday, we went swimming and played volleyball in the morning. We had lunch at our hotel and then went for a walk and sang songs in the evening. On Friday, our first day here, we arrived at the hotel and unpacked. We went to the park and had a picnic and ate sandwiches. After the picnic, we were tired and went back to the hotel and watched a film. We will go hiking today and then pack and go to the station. We are having a great time, but it will be nice to get back home.
Step 4 Homework
Finish the exercises in the workbookUnit 12 Art and literature
Teaching aims and demands:
a. Achieve language skills and related knowledge about art and literature;
b. Learn to make decisions and give opinions
c. Vocabulary in this unit:
the words and expressions listed on the teacher’s book
d. Grammar:
the Restrictive and Non-Restrictive Attributive Clause
Lesson 1
Main points
1.Words
exhibition; give opinions; show; local
2.Functional items
Making decisions and give opinions
Diffcult points
give opinions
Teaching procedures
Step 1 Lead-in
T: Do you like painting Do you know anything about painting
Ss talk about painting.
Step 2 Warming up
1.Look at the following paintings and match them with the correct painters.
2.Check answers and talk about the pictures and painters.
3.Ask students to discuss the first two questions in pairs.
4.Several pairs report answers.
Step 3 Listening
1.Make sure the students know what to do.
2.Play the tape two or three times as necessary. Pause at important points and give the students help.
3.Check the answers.
Step 4 Speaking
1.Choose one situation and read the instructions.
2.Read the useful expressions for making decisions &giving opinions.
3.Ss work in pairs to make a dialogue.
4.Several pairs act out.
Step 5 Language points
1. opinion n.
in one's opinion
Ep: In my opinion, he has done a very good job.
give/express one's opinion on/upon
Ep: He has given his opinion on this problem.
2. local adj.
the local doctor
locl customs
locl government
Homework
Practise giving opinions and making decisions.
Lesson 2
Main points
1.Words
magic; power; wonder; a series of; treat; in trouble; come across; believe in; habit; welcome; enough; be afraid of; tell &say
2.Sentence patterns
as...as...
Difficult points
be afraid of doing &be afraid to do
speak, tell &say
Teaching procedures
Step 1. Revision
Check the homework.
Step 2. Pre-reading
1.Q: Have you read any of the Harry Potter books or watched the films
A: Any possible answers.
2.Harry Potter has magical powers .Do you know any other heroes who have strange powers
A: Any possible answers.
Step 3. Reading
T: I think you are all interested in stories about magic. Then we'll read a passage about a boy with magic--Harry Potter. Read the text and find answers to the questions.
1.Q:What's Harry's life like before he goes to Hogwarts
A:Unhappy.They treated him badly.
2.Q:What is taught in Hogwarts
A:Witchcraft and wizardy.
Step 4 Post-reading
Ask students to read the text again and answers the following questions.
1.Q:Why is Harry's life miserable before he goes to Hogwarts
A:His parents are dead and the family he is living with treats him badly.
2.Q:What does Harry learn about himself at Hogwarts
A:Harry learns that he needs to be strong/he needs friends/it is difficult to do the right thing/life is more complicated than he thought/...
Then finish Ex 2 on P81 and check answers.
Step 5 Language points
1.magic
adj.
The music is really magic.
n.
Some people still believe in magic.
the magic of great poetry
2.be afraid to do/be afraid of doing
I'm afraid to tell her.
He was afraid of falling into the river.
3.as...as...
It's as cold as ice.
He drove as fast as he could.
Step 6 Listening to the tape
Homework
Recite the text and language points.
Lesson 3
Main points
Words
one after another; go hiking
Difficult points
go+v.-ing
Teaching procedures
Step 1 Revision
1.Check the homework.
2.Ask several students to say something. about music.
Step 2 Grammar
The Non-Restrictive Attibutive Clause
1.Revise the rules.
2.Give the Ss several minutes to do the exercises in pairs orally.
3.Check the answers.
Step 3 Do Ex on P153
Homework
Review the grammar.
Lesson 4
Main points
1.Words
shoulder; whisper; turn around; stupid; compare; announcement; noise,sound&voice; work; open up; each other
2.Sentence patterns
It sounds like...
such...that...
It looked as if...
...not all of them are safe
If only they could find a way to...
He was just about to say something when...
She didn't have time to finish before the wall...
Difficult points
If only...
Teaching procedures
Step 1 Revision
1.Review the grammar.
2.Make sentence with the following words and expressions:
exhibition; wonder; a series of
Step 2 Presentation
In this period we'll read a passage about Harry Porter again.
1.T helps the Ss understand the passage and what to do.
2.Ss write the ending.
3.Several students read their endings and let the Ss choose which is the best.
Step 3 Language points
1.noise, voice &sound
noise: loud and unpleasant sound
Another kind of pollution is noise.
voice: the sound made through the mouth, esp. of human beings ,in speaking or singing.
He shouted at the top of his voice.
sound: the sound of music
2. if only...
If only I had more money, I could buy some new clothes.
If only she would listen to me!
3. turn around=turn round
He turned around to find a policeman following him.
Step 4 Listening
Homework
Revise all the words and expressions in this unit.(共48张PPT)
一、 谓语动词在人称和数上必须和主语一致
1．The results of the experiment _____that you have all made good progress.
2．Between the two buildings ________a monument.
二、如果主语是一个抽象概念,谓语动词用单数
1．Growing vegetables _________constant watering.
2．That we have made brilliant achievements ____ an iron fact.
show
stands
needs
is
三、由and 并列的两个名词做主语时，如果表示的是一个同一概念或者单数概念，谓语动词用单数，否则用复数
1．The iron and steel industry _____ very important.
2．The teacher and poet often ______lectures around the city.
3. The teacher and the poet ______ good friends in the city.
4．When and where to build the shopping center ______ not been decided.
is
gives
are
has
四、如果主语是单数，即使后面跟着由with, together with, as well as, like, but, except等引起的短语，谓语动词仍然用单数(与第一个主语保持一致)
1．An iron and steel works, with some satellite factories, _____to be built here.
2．A scientist, together with some assistants, _____ sent to the flooded area to help in the work.
3．The teacher as well as the students__ going to visit the exhibition.
4．None but Xiao Wang ______it.
is
was
is
knows
五、each 和由some, any, no, every构成的复合代词都看作单数
1．Each of us ______something to say about the subject. （注意如果是we each 就不一样了）
3．Just a minute, someone ____ talking with manager.
六、what, which, who, some, more, most, all等代词是单数或是复数要依据意思来定
1．Which is / are your room / rooms
2．What we need is more practice.
3．What he left me are but a few old books.
4．All that can be done has been done.
5．All but you were here just now.
has
is
七、none指不可数名词时为单数，指可数名词时为单复皆可，主要取决于说话人头脑中联想到的是单数还是复数
1．None of the books ___easy for us.
2．None ____now.
3．None of the information ___useful..
八 either, neither通常看作单数
1．Neither of us ____passed the examination.
2．Either of them ____known it.
are
cares
has
has
is
九Many a和more than one修饰的词做主语时，谓语动词用单数
1.Many a person ____had that kind of experience.
2.More than one expert _____ invited to the party.
十、分数，百分数 + of + 名词做主语时，主要看名词是单数还是复数；是可数还是不可数
1．More than 70% of the earth___ covered with water.
2．Two thirds of the work ____been finished so far.
3．60% of the students ______arrived.
4．One fourth of the population here____ workers.
但，population 单独做主语，为单数
如：What ____the population of the city
has
was
is
has
have
are
is
十一、不可数名词如果被表示数量的名词所修饰，谓语动词用复数
1．Three million tons of coal were exported that year.
2．South of the village were 200 mu of sandy wasteland.
十二、表示时间，数量，长度及价值的名词尽管是复数形式但常被看作一个整体，谓语动词用单数
1．Today ten thousand yuan is not a large number.
2．100 miles was covered in a single night.
十三、or; not only…but also…; neither…nor…; either…or…并列两个主语时，谓语动词和就近的保持一致
1．Not only the students but also the teacher wants to see the film.
2．Neither his parents nor I am able to persuade him to change his mind.
3．Either you or Xiao Li is mistaken.
十四、here, there 引起一个句子而主语又不止一个，谓语动词通常和就近的一个一致
1．Here is a ruler, a few pencils and two copybooks.
2．There is a computer, a typewriter and two telephones on the desk.
十五、有些集体名词可为单数也可为复数，主要依据意思而定
1．His family __not very large.
2．His family ____all music lovers.
3．Class 3 ____next to Class 2.
4．Class 3 _____having a class-meeting this Saturday.
十六、a number of + n为复数；the number of + n为单数
1．A number of books on this subject have been published.
2．The number of books on this subject is amazing.
is
are
is
are
十七、and 连接的名词前有every, each, no时，谓语动词用单数
1．Every hour and every minute is important to us students.
2．No teacher and no student is excused from taking part in such a heated discussion.
3．Each man and each woman has the equal rights in every field in our country now.
十八、动名词，不定式或者从句做主语时，谓语动词一般要用单数
Seeing is believing
who is her father is not known yet.
十九、the +adj.表示一类人时为复数，表示一类物概念时为单数
1．The poor were looked down upon in the old days.
2．The true is always appreciated anytime.
二十、one and a half…为单数
1．One and a half hours is enough for the experiment.
二十一、one of + pl做先行词，后接定语从句且关系代词做主语，定语从句的谓语动词用复数；the one of…/ the very one of… / the only one of…做先行词且关系代词做主语，定语从句的谓语动词用单数
1．He is one of the students who are into computer games.
2．He is the only one of the students who is into computer games.
二十二、表示某些组织机构的名词，虽然形式上是复数，但谓语动词仍用单数
1．The United Nations was founded on October 24,1945.
2．The United States is the only superpower of the world today.
二十三、表示学科的词以及works(工厂)，news(消息)等，虽然本身为复数形式，但谓语动词仍用单数
1．Mathematics is my poor subject, I even want to give it up.
2．The news that the newly- built nuclear power station is to be put into use next month is true.
主谓一致
单选题精选
1.Nobody but Jane ____ the secret.
A.know　　　　 B.knows　　　 C.have known　 D.is known
2.All but one _____ here just now.
A.is　　　　　 B.was　　　　C.has been　　 D.were　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
3.Not only I but also Jane and Mary ____ tired of having one examination after another.
A.is　　　　　 B.are　　　　　　 C.am　　　　 D.be
4.A library with five thousand books _______ to the nation as a gift.
A.is offered　 B.have offered　
C.are offered　　　 D.has offered　
5.When and where to build the new factory _____ yet.
A.is not decided　　　　　B.are not decided
C.has not decided　　　 　D.have not decided　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
5.When and where to build
6.The number of people invited ______ fifty, but a number of them ____ absent for different reasons.
A.were , was　 B.was , was　C.was , were　D.were , were　
7._____ of the land in that district _____ covered with trees and grass.
A.Two fifth,is　B.Two fifth ,are
C.Two fifths,is　D.Two fifths , are　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　8.This is one of the most interesting questions that ____ asked.
A.have　　　　 B.has　　　　C.have been　　　　　　 D.has been
9.Between the two rows of trees _____ the teaching building.
A.stand　　　 B.stands　　　C.standing　　D.are
10.All that can be done_____.
A.has been done B.has done
C.have done　　D.were done
11.They each _____ a new dictionary.
A.has　　　　　 B.have　　　C.is　　　　　　D.are
12.The singer and the dancer ______ come to the meeting.
A.has　　　　　 B.have　　　C.are　　　　　　D.is
13.I have finished a large part of the book ; the rest _____more difficult.
A.is　B.are C.was D.were
14.The wounded _______ by the hospital.
A.have been taken in　　　　　B.has been taken in
C.have taken in　D.has taken in
15.The League secretary and monitor ___ asked to make a speech at the meeting. A. is　　B. was　 C. are　 D. were
16.What　　　　　 the population of Beijing 　A.is 　 B.are
17.The Chinese　　　　 a great people. 　A.is 　 B.are
18.The number of the students who　　　 part in the entrance examination　　　 great. A.takes,is 　 B.takes,are C.take,is 　 D.take,are
1. Each of you ______ responsible for the accident.
a. am b. be c. is d. are
2. Each man and woman ______ the same rights.
a. has b. have c. had d. is having
3. Every means ______ tried but without much result.
has been b. have been c. are
d. is
4. There ______ in this room.
a. are too much furniture b. is too many furnitures
c. are too much furnitures d. is too much furniture
5. The manager or his assistant ______ planning to go.
a. were b. are c. was d. be
6. Not only I but also David and Iris ______ fond of playing basketball.
a. am b. is c. are d. was
7. Neither Tom nor his parents ______ at home.
a. is b. are c. has d. was
8. Either the dean or the principal ______ the meeting.
attends b. attend
c. are attending
d. have attended
9. ______ was wrong.
a. Not the teacher but the students b. Both the students and the teacher
c. Neither the teacher not the students d. Not the students but the teacher
10. “______ twenty dollars a big sum to her ”
“I suppose so.”
a. Will be b. Is c. Are d. Were
11. Three hours ______ enough for us to finish the task.
a. are b. has c. is d. were
12. Most of his savings ______ in the Xin Hua Bank.
a. has been kept b. is being kept c. have kept d. have been kept
14. One or perhaps more pages _______.
a. is missing b. has been missed c. are missing d. was missing
15. More than one worker ______ dismissed.
a. have been b. are c. has been d. has
16. Many a student ______ the importance of learning a foreign language.
have realized
b. has realized
c. have been realized
d. has been realized
17. The gas works ______ near the city.
a. is b. are c. were d. be
18. The surroundings of his house ______ clean now.
a. is b. are c. was d. were
19. The committee ______ over the problem among themselves for two hours.
a. has argued b. has been arguing c. have argued d. have been arguing
20. The public ______ generous in their contributions to the earthquake victims.
a. is b. was c. are d. has been
21. Cattle ______ on the hillside.
a. grazes b. is grazing c. was grazing d. were grazing
22. Her politics ______ neither conservative nor liberal.
a. is b. are c. was d. has been
23. Measles ______ a kind of infectious illness.
a. is b. are c. were d. have been
24. The Philippines ______ to the south-east of China.
a. lies b. lie c. lay d. lays
25. Mary is one of the girls who ______ always on time.
a. is b. am c. are d. was
26. Tom is the only one of the stall members who ______ to be promoted.
a. is going b. are going c. has been going d. have been going
27. What caused the accident ______ on the road.
a. were stone b. were stones c. was stone d. was stones
28. Wisky and soda ______ his favorite drink.
a. is b. are c. were d. have been
29. ______ is to attend our evening.
a. both the singer and the dancer b. Either the singer or dancers
c. The singer or dancers d. The singer and dancer
30. The Smiths ______ their breakfast when the morning post came.
a. had b. has been having c. are having d. were having
31. No one except two students ______ the meeting.
a. has been late for b. have been late for c. was late for d. were later for
32. All but him and me ______ to the exhibition.
a. am going b. is going c. are going d. was going
33. Interest, as well as prospects, ______ important when one looks for a job.
a. are b. were c. is d. was
34. The president, accompanied by his assistants, ______.
a. have arrived b. are arriving c. had arrived d. has arrived
35. A number of cars ______ in front of the park
a. is parked b. was parked c. are parked d. has parked
36. The number of articles published on smoking ______ amazing.
a. is b. are c. were d. have been
37. The majority of doctors ______ smoking is harmful to health.
a. are believed b. had believed c. has believed d. believe
38. The majority of the damage ______ easy to repair.
a. is b. are c. were d. be
39. Four-fifths of the crop ______.
a. are ruined b. was ruined c. were ruined d. have been ruined
40. Three-fourths of the buildings ______.
a. was destroyed b. is destroyed c. were destroyed d. has been destroyed
41. Early to bed and early to rise ______ a man healthy, happy and wise.
a. making b. to make c. make d. makes
43. The young ______ the vital forces in our society.
a. is b. has been c. are d. have been
44. Every man, woman and child ______ some history, enough at least, to survive in the world.
a. knows b. know c. is known d. are known
45. None of them ______ my friends.
a. is b. are c. was d. has been
46. Not only the whole nation, but the whole Europe , indeed the whole human society ______ to alter its attitude to racial problems.
a. need b. needs c. has a need d. have a need
47. Getting to other planets or to the moon _____ many problems.
a. involve b. involves c. involving d. to involve
48. In that country, the rich ______ richer, the poor, poorer.
a. become b. has become c. becomes d. is becoming
49. The project requires more labor than ______ because it is extremely difficult.
a. has been put in b. have been put in c. being put in d. to be put in
50. Not one in one hundred children exposed to the disease ______ likely to develop it.
a. should be b. must be c. is d. are(共10张PPT)
1．can, could（能）
表示一般现在时和一般过去时两种时态，有时也能表示将来时。所有其他时态（包括将来时）须用to be able 加动词不定式来表示。
①What can I do for you 我能为你做什么吗？
②It surely can't be eleven o'clock already. 不可能已经十一点钟了。
③We were sure that he could pass the test.我们肯定他能通过测试。
④Will you be able to finish the chemical experiment today 你今天能做完这个化学实验吗？
2．may
①May I come in 我可以进来吗？（表示允许或请求）
②You may go now.你现在可以走了。
●may表示允许的否定形式是must not（“不应该”、“不许”）。
③----May I take this book home ----No, you mustn't.我可以把这本书拿回家吗？——不行。
④She may not go to the library tonight.
今晚她可能不去图书馆了。（表示说话人的猜测，认为某一事情“或许”或“可能”发生。）
⑤The news may or may not be true.消息也许是真的，也许不是真的。（猜测）
●may用在感叹句中可表示祝愿、愿望。如：
⑥May you succeed.祝你成功。
3．Might (might为may的过去式)
①Mr. Li said he might visit Cambridge University.李先生说他可能去参观剑桥大学。
●might也可代替may，表示现在时间的动作，但语气较委婉，客气或更加不肯定。
②Might I use this phone 我可以用这个电话吗？
③The singing star might not come today.今天歌星也许不来了。
4．must必须，应当
①You must get to the airport before nine o'clock. 你必须在九点以前到达飞机场。
②Your homework must be clear and complete.你的作业应当清楚完整。
③He must be in the reading room now.他现在准是在阅览室。（表示说话人对事物的推测）
④She must be writing a letter to her mother.
她现在一定在给她妈妈写信。（must加动词不定式进行时也可表示对现在发生的动作的推测，表示“一定”或“准是”的意思。）
⑤The road is wet. It must have rained last night.
马路湿了，昨晚一定下雨了。（must加动词不定式的完成式，说明对过去事物的推测，表示“一定”或“准是”的意思。）
●两种否定式的比较
must not表示“不应该”、“不许可”，语气比较强烈。如：
We mustn't waste our time.我们不应该浪费我们的时间。
need not（不必）表示must在意义上的否定。如：
Must we clean our classroom today ----No, you needn't.我们必须今天清扫教室吗？——不，不必。
5．have to（不得不，必须）
①To launch satellites into space, we have to use big powerful rockets.要把卫星射入太空我们必须得使用巨型强力火箭。
②There is no bus to the village and we have to walk there.没有到那个村子的公共汽车，我们必须步行去那里。
6．need需要
用于疑问句及否定句，单数第三人称不加-s，后接动词原形。（在肯定句里既可用做情态动词又可用做实义动词。当用做实义动词时，单数第三人称加-s，并有时态变化。）
①Need we go to the factory on foot 我们今天需要步行去工厂吗？
②You needn't do your homework in class. You may do it after class. 你不必在课堂上做作业，你可以课后做。
●needn't后加动词的完成式时，指过去已做了但不需做的动作。
③You needn't have bought the new watch, as the old one could be repaired.你本可以不必买只新表，因为旧表能修好。
④You needn't have brought your umbrellA． It is going to be clear up.你本可以不必带伞，天就要晴了。
●didn't have to和didn't need to表示过去未做也不需做的动作。如：
⑤I didn't have to help her with her mathematics, for she is good at math.我没有必要帮她数学，她擅长数学。
⑥She knew the way to the library, so you didn't need to show her the way.她知道去图书馆的路，所以你没有必要给她指路。
7．should应当
①You should listen to your father's advice.你应当听你爸爸的话。（表示“劝告”、“建议”）
②The doctor should be here by now.医生现在可能到了。（表示“预测”、“可能”）
③She should be on campus.她应当在校园里。（表示“预测”、“可能”）
④Why should I leave 我干吗要离开？（表示“不满”、“惊奇”）
●should后跟动词不定式的完成式时，这时句子指的是过去的事情。如果是肯定句，说明事情本应完成而未完成；如果是否定句表示发生了不应当发生的事情。如：
⑤ The little boy shouldn't have eaten the apple without washing it first.这个小男孩不应当不洗苹果就吃。
⑥You should have worked hard earlier.你早就应当努力学习了。
●should的语气比must轻，可用于各人称。
8．ought to 应当，总该
语气比should重，比must轻，表示有“义务”或“必要”做某件事，还可表示“劝告”等。
①You ought to practice more.你应该多练习。
②You ought not to stay up too late.你不应该熬夜太晚。
③Your grandpa oughtn't to drink so much.你爷爷不应当喝大多的酒。
●ought后加动词不定式的完成式时，指过去的动作。肯定形式（ought to have done）表示某件事应当做而未做，相当于should have done。否定形式（ought not to have done），则表示一件不应该做的事情发生了，相当于should not have done。如：
④ I was fined. I ought to have returned these books to the library last month.我被罚款了，我上个月就应当把这些书还给图书馆。
⑤You oughtn't to have got up so late.你不应该起这么晚
9．will表示“意志”、“意愿”和“决心”等，可用于各种人称
①He will come to see you next Sunday.下个星期天他将来看你。
②We will try our best to win the game.我们将尽最大努力赢得比赛。模拟练习
1. His parents wouldn’t let him marry anyone ____ family was poor.
A. of whom B. whom C. of whose D. whose　
2. She heard a terrible noise, _______ brought her heart into her mouth.
A. it B. which C. this D. that　　
3. In the dark street, there wasn’t a single person _____ she could turn for help.
A. that　　 B. who　 C. from whom　D. to whom　
4. The weather turned out to be very good, ____ was more than we could expect.
A. what　 B. which　　 C. that　 D. it　
5. After living in Pairs for fifty years he returned to the small town ____ he grew up as a child.　
A. which　 B. where C. that　 D. when　　
6．Carol said the work would be done by October, ＿＿＿＿＿personally I doubt very much.　
A. it　 B. that　 C. when D. which　
7． He was hiding behind the door _________ he could see what was happening.
A. which B. from where C from which D. where
8. Recently I bought an ancient Chinese vase, _____ was very reasonable.
A. which price　 B. the price of which　 C. its price　D. the price of whose
9._____ has already been pointed out, grammar is not a set of dead rules.
A. As　　　 B. It　　　 C. That　 D. Which
10. He lived in London for 3 months, during ____ time he learned some English.
A. this　　 B. which　 C. that　　 D. same
11. Helen was much kinder to her youngest son than to the others , , of course , made the others envy him . A. who B. that C. what D. which
12. A story goes ______ Elizabeth I of England liked nothing more that being surrounded by clever and qualified noblemen at court.
A. when B. where C. what D. that
13. The visitor asked the guide to take his picture _____ stands the famous tower.
A. that　 B. where　　 C. which　 D. there
14.The boss ____ department Ms King worked ten years ago look down upon women.　
A. in which　 B. in that　 C. in whose D. whose
15. I don’t like _____ you speak to her.
A. the way B. the way in that　 C. the way which　　 D. the way of which
16. There are two buildings , stands nearly a hundred feet high .
A．the larger B．the larger of them C．the larger one that D．the larger of which
17. He made another wonderful discovery, ____ of great importance to science.
A. which I think is B. which I think it is
C. which I think it D.I think which is
18. American women usually identify their best friend as someone _____ they can talk frequently. A. who B. as C. about which D. with whom
19. George Orwell, _______ was Eric Arthur, wrote many political novels and essays.
A. the real name B. what his real name C. his real name D. whose real name
高考真题
1. There were dirty marks on her trousers ______ she had wiped her hands. (NMET 2004-2)
A. where B. which C. when D. that
2. The journey around the world took the old sailor nine months, _____ the sailing time was 226 days. (NMET2004-3)
A. of which B. during which C. from which D. for which
3. There are altogether eleven books on the shelf, ______five are mine. (NMET2004-4)
A. on which B. in which C. of which D. from which
4. George Orwell, _______ was Eric Arthur, wrote many political novels and essays. (Beijing 2004)
A. the real name B. what his real name
C. his real name D. whose real name
5. ______ is reported in the newspapers, talks between the two countries are making progress. (Beijing 2004)
A. It B. As C. That D. What
6. Anyway, that evening, ____ I’ll tell you more about later, I ended up staying at
Rachel’s place. (Zhejiang 2004)
A. when B. where C. what D. which
7. Luckily, we’d brought a road map without ______ we would have lost our way. (Beijing 2004 spring)
A. it B. that C. this D. which
8. If a shop has chairs ____ women can park their men, women will spend more time in the shop. （Shanghai 2005）
A. that B. which C. when D. where
9. ______ is often the case, we have worked out the production plan. (Jiangshu 2004)
A. Which B. When C. What D. As
10. I work in a business _________ almost everyone is waiting for a great chance. (Hunan 2004)
A. how B. which C. where D. that
11. The place ____ the bridge is supposed to be built should be_____the cross-river traffic is the heaviest. (Jiangshu 2005)
A. which; where B. at which; which C. at which; where D. which; in which
12. I walked in our garden, ______ Tom and Jim were tying a big sign onto one of the trees. （Liaoning 2005）
A．which B．when C．where D．that
13. What surprised me was not what he said but he said it. (Hubei 2004)
A．the way B．in the way that C．in the way D．the way which
14. The factory produces half a million pairs of shoes every year, 80% are sold abroad. (Liaoning 2004)
A．of which B．which of C．of them D．of that
15. The film brought back the hours to me _____ I was taken good care of in the far-away village. A. until B. that C. when D. where (NMET 2001)
16. Alec asked the policeman ________he worked to contact him whenever there was an accident. (2002Shanghai)
A. with him B. who C. with who D. whom
17. A fast food restaurant is the place _______, just as the name suggests, eating is performed quickly. （Shanghai 05 spring）
A. which B. where C. there D. what
18. Along with the letter was his promise ________ he would visit me this coming Christmas.
A. which B. that C. what D. whether
19. Mark was a student at this university from 1999 to 2003, he studied very hard and was made Chairman of the Students’ Union. (NMET2005 Chongqing)
A．during which time B．for which time
C．during whose time D．by that time
20. I have many friends, _____ some are businessmen. (NMET2005-1)
A. of them B. from which C. who of D. of whom
1-5DBDBB 6-10DBBAB 11-15DDBCA 16-19DADD
1-40: AACDB DDDDC CCAAC CBBAD形容词与副词
一、形容词
形容词用来修饰，说明名词或不定代词，表示人或物的性质、特征和状态。
形容词的用法：
1． 作定语
The birds are flying in the blue sky.
That is a long and wide road.
大部分形容词既可作表语也可作定语，但有的形容词只能作表语或定语。常见的只能作定语的形容词有：
golden sun, former president, a little boy, the only way, the upper teeth, spare time, daily necessities, live fish, the outer space, elder sister, etc.
注意形容词在句中作定语时的位置：
形容词作定语，一般防在所修饰名词的前面。但在下列情况下，形容词要放在所修饰词的后面作后置定语：
1） 形容词修饰由some-, any-, no-, every-, 与one, body, thing (where) 等构成的复合不定代词（副词）时
e.g. Is there anything interesting
Do you know somewhere quiet where we might spend the weekend
2） 少数以a开头的形容词如：awake, alive, asleep作定语时：
e.g. He was the only boy awake at the time of earthquake.
3） 形容词短语作定语时：
e.g. He carried a basket full of stones on his back.
2． 作表语
The fish is still alive.
He has been ill / sick for a week.
Cf. The mother is holding her sick child in her arms.
常见的只能作表语的形容词有：
afraid, ahead, alike, alone, ashamed, aware, glad, ill, unable, unwell (不健康的), well (健康的), etc.
3． 作补足语
We should keep our classroom clean.
The news made her sad.
4． 名词化的形容词可以作主语和宾语
The unemployed have to make a living by themselves.
Respect the old and love the young.
常见的名词化的形容词有：
the old, the sick, the rich, the poor, the young, the wounded, the (un)employed, etc.
二、副词
副词通常用来修饰动词、形容词，其他副词、介词短语或整个句子，表示时间、地点、方式、程度、动作特征等，有时也可作定语或宾语。
A. 副词的种类：
根据词汇意义，副词可分为五种
时间副词 now, then, already, ago, tonight, usually, soon, etc.
地点副词 here, there, nowhere, above, below, back, outside, etc.
方式副词 slowly, fast, well, carefully, alone, patiently, suddenly, etc.
频度副词 often, always, once, hardly, sometimes, frequently, seldom, etc.
程度副词 very, quite, completely, almost, much, still, enough, mainly, etc.
根据句法功能，副词可分为三种
疑问副词 when, how, where, why 位于句首，后接一般疑问句
连接副词 when, where, how, why, whether 引导主语从句、宾语从句或表语从句
关系副词 when, where, why 引导定语从句
B. 副词的用法：
1． 作状语修饰动词 I have already seen the movie.
2． 作状语修饰形容词 We have been very busy these days.
3． 作状语修饰副词 You did the job quite well.
4． 作状语修饰介词短语 My seat is exactly in the middle of the room.
5． 作状语修饰整个句子 Actually, he is right.
6． 作定语修饰名词等 The teachers here are all very kind to me.
7． 作表语 Class is over.
C. 副词在句中的位置：
副词在句中的位置比较灵活，一般遵循以下原则：
1． 多数副词位于谓语动词之后，如有宾语则位于宾语之后，但如宾语太长时也可置于宾语之前。
e.g. She runs fast.
He went to school early.
They discussed carefully the proposals which were raised as the meeting.
2． 程度副词通常位于所修饰的词之前或之后，不能出现在句首。
e.g. He runs fast.
The boy seems quite happy.
I forgot it completely.
3． 频度副词通常位于行为动词之前，系动词、助动词和情态动词之后。
e.g. They often come to see us.
He is never late for class.
4． We have always lived in this house.
5． 几个副词同时出现在一个句子里时，通常顺序是：程度---方式---地点---时间
We study very hard at school every day.
三、形容词、副词的比较等级
原级 bright, hot, happy, carefully, many (much), little, good (well), far
比较级 brighter, hotter, happier, more carefully, more, less, better, farther / further
最高级 brightest, hottest, happiest, most carefully, most, least, best, farthest / furthest
A. 形容词、副词的原级比较
as+原级+as… not +as / so+原级+ as…
e.g. This book is not as /so interesting as that one.
She got up as early as I (did)/me. Cf. He did not get up as early as I/me.
This park is five times as big as that park.
B. 形容词、副词比较级的比较
比较级+than+…
e.g. She is cleverer than her sister.
They now live more happily than (they did) in the past.
the +比较级…, the +比较级…
e.g. The bigger the bottle is, the more water it will hold.
The more clearly you speak, the better we shall understand you.
比较级+and+比较级
e.g. The weather is getting warmer and warmer.
He ran faster and faster.
the taller of the two结构
形容词比较级前面一般不加定冠词the，但是如果比较级后面没有than，而是紧跟of the two结构，则要加the。
e.g. Which is the better of the two
much +比较级+ than…
形容词比较级前可以用表示数量或程度的词修饰，这些词常用的有even, much, far, a little, a bit, no, twice, three times, etc.
e.g. Her brother is six years older than she / her.
This car is far cheaper than that one.
He speaks much louder than others.
This park is four times bigger than that park. = This park is five times as big as that park.
C. 形容词、副词最高级的比较
一般采用“the +最高级+表示范围的短语或从句”的比较结构，但如是副词，最高级前的不定冠词the也可省略。
e.g. Which is the biggest, the sun, the moon or the earth Cf. Which is bigger, the earth or the moon
She is the most careful student of all the girls in her class.
He studies (the) hardest in the class.
形容词最高级作表语，不同他物作比较，后面又没有表示范围的词时，前面一般不加the, 但可加不定冠词a。
e.g. Please read your book where light is best.
Cf. This book is most (=very) interesting.
This is a most (=very) interesting book.
This is the most interesting book I have ever read.
最高级也可以用by far等词以及序数词来修饰。
e.g. This dictionary is by far the most useful.
Tianjin is the third largest city in China.
在比较结构中，从句中的名词或动词如与主句中的名词，动词完全一样，经常用one, ones, that, those, do, did来代替这一重复的名词或动词。
e.g. No dictionary is as useful as the one (=that) I bought last year.
The children from the United States are different from the ones (=those) from China.
Exercise 2. Adjectives & Adverbs
1. In Britain, the best season of the year is probably ______ spring.
A. late B. last C. latter D. later
2. As a ______ president, his views are treated with respect when he is interviewed.
A. previous B. former C. late D. lonely
3. For _______ he lived in the south of Europe for the sake of his health.
A. some time B. sometime C. some times D. sometimes
4. When they met again a few years later, they said they were ______ young.
A. not more B. any young C. no longer D. no sooner
5. ______ the male are more beautiful than the female in the world of animal.
A. Almost B. Properly C. Usually D. Actually
6. One point is that if the assignment is worked out _______, the worker will gain a power that would not be possible otherwise.
A. fully B. thorough C. hardest D. thoroughly
7. After the fight, a looker-on found that a young man ______ so he telephoned for an ambulance immediately.
A. was injured seriously B. was serious injured
C. seriously injured D. was seriously injured
8. All too _______ it was time to go back to school after the winter vacation.
A. often B. soon C. fast D. soon
9. – How can I go there very fast – You will get there ______ if you go by taxi.
A. faster B. more faster C. more fast D. much fast
10. My computer hasn’t worked _______ since I dropped it on the floor.
A. easily B. regularly C. quickly D. properly
11. I think the Red Team will win the final game; it’s ______ that they win.
A. almost surely B. rather possibly C. very likely D. quite certainly
12. I like Betty and Maud, but I think Betty is _______ of the two.
A. nicer B. the nicer C. nice D. the nicest
13. He is _______ than diligent.
A. wise B. more wiser C. more wise D. much wise
14. Thunderstorms are ______ in Ireland than in England.
A. very less common B. much less common
C. more less common D. too less common
15. Prices for bikes at that store can run _______ $250.
A. so high as B. so high to C. as high as D. as high to
16. One of the _______ parts of the trip was meeting some wonderful people.
A. good B. better C. well D. best
17. There are _______ custom tailors and dressmakers in the US than in European countries.
A. so fewer B. far fewer C. very fewer D. too fewer
18. What he said sounds ______.
A. nicely B. pleasantly C. friendly D. wonderfully
19. Soon the boy and the girl fell _______.
A. asleep B. sleeping C. slept D. sleep
20. There were a lot ______ books in the reading room than I expected.
A. of B. more of C. more D. more than
Keys:
1 – 5 ABACC 6 – 10 DDBAD 11 – 15 CBCBC 16 – 20 DBCAC
Tests about Adjectives & Adverbs from NMET
1. The students are ______ young people between the age of sixteen and twenty.
A. most B. almost C. mostly D. at most
2. She told us _______ story that we all forgot about the time.
A. such an interesting B. such interesting a
C. so an interesting D. a so interesting
3. If we had followed his plan we could have done the job better with _______ money and _______ people.
A. less, less B. fewer, fewer C. less, fewer D. fewer, less
4. The horse is old and can’t run _______ it did.
A. as faster as B. as fast than C. so faster as D. so fast as
5. After the new technique was introduced, the factory produced ______ tractors in 1988 as the year before.
A. as twice many B. twice as many C. as many twice D. twice many as
6. – Can I help you
– Well, I’m afraid the box is ______ heavy for you, but thank you all the same.
A. so B. much C. very D. too
7. Oh, John, ______ you gave me.
A. how a pleasant surprise B. how pleasant surprise
C. what a pleasant surprise D. what pleasant surprise
8. Canada is larger than _______ country in Asia.
A. any B. any other C. other D. another
9. These oranges taste ______.
A. good B. well C. to be good D. to be well
10. _______ food you’ve cooked!
A. How a nice B. What a nice C. How nice D. What nice
11. Go and get your coat. It’s _______ you left it.
A. there B. where C. there where D. were there
12. John was so sleepy that he could hardly keep his eyes ______.
A. open B. to be opened C. to open D. opening
13. – Are you feeling _______ – Yes, I’m fine now.
A. any well B. any better C. quite good D. quite better
14. Which is _______ country, Canada or Australia
A. a large B. larger C. a larger D. the larger
15. – Will you give this message to Mr. White, please
– Sorry, I can’t. He _______.
A. doesn’t any more work here B. doesn’t any longer here work
C. doesn’t work any more here D. doesn’t work here any longer
16. – Mum, I think I’m _______ to get back to school.
– Not really, my dear. You’d better stay at home for another day or two.
A. so well B. so good C. well enough D. good enough
17. – If you don’t like the red coat, take the blue one.
– OK, but do you have _______ size in blue This one’s a bit tight for me.
A. a big B. a bigger C. the big D. the bigger
18. John plays football _______, if not better than David.
A. as well B. as well as C. so well D. so well as
19. – Have you finished your report yet
– No, I’ll finish in _______ ten minutes.
A. another B. other C. more D. less
20. If we work with a strong will, we can overcome any difficulty, _______great it is.
A. what B. how C. however D. whatever
21. Tony is going camping with _______ boys.
A. little two other B. two little other C. two other little D. little other two
22. We all write ______, even when there’s not much to say.
A. now and then B. by and by C. step by step D. more or less
23. It’s always difficult being in a foreign country, _______ if you don’t speak the language.
A. extremely B. naturally C. basically .D. especially
24. – How was your recent visit to Qingdao
– It was great. We visited some friends, and spent the _______ at the seaside.
A. few last sunny B. last few sunny C. last sunny few D. few sunny last
25. Wait till you are more _______. It’s better to be sure than sorry.
A. inspired B. satisfied C. calm D. certain
Keys:
1 – 5 CACDB 6 -10 DCAAD 11 – 15 BABDD 16 – 20 CBBAC
21 – 25 CADBD
PAGE
7Multiple Choices
1. Peter, why didn’t you go to the flower show （B）
--- I think it’s something ______ pleasant.
A. far more B. far less C. too much D. much too
2. The rainy season is coming and let’s make full use of the ______ days to dry whatever is needed to dry before the next dry season. （B）
A. few last sunny B. last few sunny
C. last sunny few D. sunny last few
3. Americans eat ______ as they actually need every day.
A. twice as much protein B. twice protein as much twice
C. twice protein as much D. protein as twice much (A)
4. The Chinese Educational Department suggests teachers should receive ________ education to catch up with the _______ development.
A. farther; late B. farther; later
C. further; lately D. further; latest (D)
5. --- Goods imported from abroad are ______ those made in China.
--- Yes. Some of the goods made in China are of high quality.
A. not always better than B. always as good as
C. no better than D. no longer better than (A)
6. He was lying in hospital ______, with his ribs broken.
A. half dead B. deadly C. dying D. died (A)
7. The young pigeons which I bought _______ last month are able to fly _____ now.
A. cheap; high B. cheaply; highly
C. cheap; highly D. cheaply; high (A)
8. --- Are you satisfied with his work, sir
--- Well, I’m afraid it couldn’t be _______.
A. any better B. the best C. any worse D. the worst (C)
9. --- Tom is very stupid. He fails in every exam.
--- In my opinion, he is _____ than stupid.
A. lazier B. no lazier C. more lazy D. lazier rather （C）
10. She is always ready to help people in trouble because she thinks it _____.
A. pleasure B. a fun C. a pride D. a pleasure (D)
11. Some trees are cut down each year and ______ are left to grow even taller.
A. the rest B. rest of them C. a rest D. a rest of them (A)
12. I don’t like this pair of gloves. Will you show me_____
A. another B. the others C. some others D. other ones (A)
13. This pair of trousers ______ for John.
A. is made B. are made C. makes D. will make (A)
14. As a result of the heavy snow, the highway has been closed up until further ______.
A. news B. information C. notice D. message (C)
15. --- Could you mail these letters for me please
--- ________ letters Your friends are going to be very happy to hear from you again.
A. What B. Some C. More D. different (C)
16. With summer coming on, the weather gets hot ______.
A. day after day B. day and night
C. day in and day out D. day by day (D)
17. --- ______ of Guilin has your uncle covered since he came here
--- About half of it, I guess.
A. How far B. How much C. How wide D. How many (B)
18. The little boy is dirty from head to foot because he _______ in the mud all morning.
A. has played B. is playing C. has been playing D. was playing (C)
19. The new dictionaries are very useful. They _____ well and _____ already.
A. sell; have been sold out B. sold; had sold out
C. sell; sell out D. are sold; have been sold out (A)
20--- Are all the titles of the articles _______ in the contents
--- Yes, all ______.
A. listed; included B. listing; includes
C. listed; including D. being listed; being included (A)
20. --- I’m sorry, I shouldn’t have been so rude to you.
--- You ______ your temper but that’s OK.
A. have lost B. had lost C. did lose D were losing ( C)
21.--- You’ve made great progress in your studies of English, haven’t you
--- Yes, but much _______.
A. remains to do B. is remained to do
C. remains to be done D. is remained to be done ( C)
21. --- Sorry. I _____ to post the letter for you.
--- Never mind. ______ it myself after school.
A. forget; I’d rather post B. forgot; I’m going to post
C. forgot; I’ll post D. forget; I’ll better post ( C)
22. Glad to see you back. How long ______ in Russia
A. did you stay B. have you stayed
C. were you staying D. have you been staying (A)
23. --- Alice’s second-hand computer ______ wrong although she used it only once.
--- You’d better go to check it.
A. went B. has gone C. is going D. had gone (A)
24. John as well as the other children who _____ no parents ______ good care of in the village.
A. have; is being taken B. have; has taken
C. has; is taken D. has; have been taken (A)
25. The dictionary still ____ where I ____ it a moment ago.
A. lies; laid B. lied; lay C. laid; laid D. lies; lay (A)
26. The careless driver has just been _____ $10 for stopping his car at a sign that ______ “ No Parking”.
A. punished; read B. fined; reads
C. punished; is written D. fined; is written (B)
27. Neither of the young men who had tried to get the job in the company _______ .
A. has been accepted B. had been accepted
C. was accepted D. accepted ( C)
28.--- Have you heard from Janet recently
--- No, but I _____ her over Christmas.
A. saw B. will be seeing C. have seen D. have been seeing (B)
28. In 1960, this was the longest bridge that _______.
A. was ever built B. had ever built
C. has ever been built D. had ever been built (D)
29. You_____ things about. Look, what a mess in your room!
A. always throw B. have always thrown
C. are always throwing D. have always been throwing ( C)
30. --- Never touch my computer while I’m away.
--- ______.
A. I shouldn’t B. I mustn’t C. I won’t D. I don’t ( C)
31. ---- We want someone to design the new art museum for us.
---- ______ the young fellow have a try
A. May B. Shall C. Will D. Need (B)
32. --- Why hasn’t Jane arrived yet
--- She ______ again in the morning.
A. shouldn’t have overslept
B. B. may have turned off the alarm clock
C. must have no one to call her
D. should have someone to wake her up (B)
33. As teachers we should concern ourselves with what is said, not what we think _______.
A. ought to be said B. must say C. have to be said D. need to say (A)
34. You _______ this morning if you really wanted to see it yourself.
A. ought to come B. could come
C. ought to have come D must have come (C)
35. Research findings show we spend about two hours dreaming every night, no matter what we _____ during the day.
A. should have done B. would have done
C. must have done D. may have done (D)
36. --- Will it take me at least six hours to write this essay
--- Yes, six hours ______ to write a good essay.
A. are not long for you
B. will be too long to you
C. was not long enough for you
D. is not long enough for you (D)
37. --- Was he present at the meeting
--- He ______ not have attended it, for he was busy repairing his computer all the time.
A. can B. might C. should D. must (A)
38. _____ you like to have dinner with us this evening
A. Do B. Would C. Will D. Can ( B)
39. He must have attended the meeting yesterday, _____ he
A. didn’t B. mustn’t C. needn’t D. hasn’t (A)
40--- _______ I return the dictionary within three days
--- No, you _____ . You _______ it for five days.
A. May; needn’t ; can borrow
B. Can; mustn’t; would have
C. Must; don’t have to; can keep
D. Shall; can’t; should read ( C)
41.These _______ are very expensive.
A. women handbags B. woman’s handbags
C. woman handbags D. women’s handbags (D)
42. The country’s wealth comes chiefly for its many ______.
A. herd of cattle B. herd of cattles
C. herds of cattle D. herds of cattles (C)
43. You have taken ______ time to do your homework. A time of thirty minutes to finish it is _____ long.
A. too much; much too B. too much; too much
C. much too; much too D. much too; too much (A)
44. Frank doesn’t speak Chinese so ______ as Harry.
A. better B. well C. nice D. wonderful ( B)
45. Three boys ______ climbing the garden wall.
A. have caught B. caught C. being caught D. were caught (D)
46. No matter how hard you ______, you won’t be able to do it well alone.
A. will try B. would try C. try D. tried ( C)
47. When Mary and Kate got to the cinema, the film ________ for ten minutes.
A. had begun B. began C. had started D. had been on (D)
48. Just stay here on the platform; the train _______.
A. will arrive after five minutes
B. will arrive in five minutes
C. will arrive five minutes after
D. will arrive in five minutes later form now (B)
49. We _______ to work on foot, but now we ______ by bike.
A. usually go; have gone B. used to go; go
C. was used to going; going C. used to going; have been going (B)
50. Tell me how you work out the answer, ______ you
A. can B. will C. don’t D. shan’t (B)
PAGE
1(共9张PPT)
语态是动词的一种形式，用以表示主谓之间的关系。语态分为主动语态和被动语态。
把主动语态变成被动语态，是把助动词be变为主动态，动词原来的时态，再加上主要动词的过去分词。主动态，动词的主语这时变成被动态动词的施动者。这个施动者常常被提到。可置于by之后或放在从句的后面。
This chair was made by my father.
各个进行时态的被动态，要求用be的进行时加上主要动词的过去分词，be的这种进行时形式在其他方面很少使用。
主动态：They are repairing the bridge.
被动态：The bridge is being repaired.
主动态：They were carrying the injured player off the field.
被动态：The injured player was being carried off the field.
助动词+动词原形结构可借助被动式来构成被动语态：
主动态： You must \should shut these doors.
被动态： These doors must\should be shut.
表示喜欢、热爱、希望、想要及与其相似意义的动词+宾语+不定式，由不定式的被动式结成其被动语态。
主动态：He wants someone to take photographs.
被动态：He wants photographs to be taken .
表示命令、请求、劝告、邀请的动词+间接宾语+不定式，可用主动词的被动式来构成被动语态：
主动态：He invited me to go.
被动态：I was invited to go.
但是，如果是advise\beg\order\recommend\urge +间接宾语+不定式+宾语的结构，则可以构成两种被动语态：
主动态：He urged the Council to reduce the rates.
被动态：1 The Council was urged to reduce the rates.
2 He urged that the rates should be reduced.
至于agree\be anxious \be determine\decide\demand +不定式+宾语，则通常用that ----should 的结构表示被动，同上第二种方式：
主动态：He decided to sell the house.
被动态：He decided that the house should be sold.
被动态通常用于以下各种情况：
1. 动作的实施者很明显，没有必要提到时：
The streets are swept every day.
2. 不知道，不确定或忘记了谁是施动者时：
The minister was murdeded.
3. 主动动词的主语是人们时：
He is suspected of receiving stolen goods.
4. 对所做的事情比对做事的人更感兴趣时：
The house next door has been bought (by a Mr.Jones)
5. 使用被动语态，可避免说出别扭或不合语法的句子时：
When he arrived home a detective arrested him.
最好表示为：When he arrived home he was arrested (by a detective).
用在被动语态后面的不定式通常带 的不定式，尽管主动态动词后面可能带的是不带 的不定式：
主动态：We saw them go out. 被动态：They were seen to go out
主动态：He made us work.
被动态：We were made to work.
然而，惟独let的被动态后面的不定式不带to :
主动态：They let us go.
被动态：We were let go.
注意英语中有些情况不能用被动语态：
1) 所有的不及物动词和某些短语，如：
happen \enter\break out \belong to \date from\lose heart\take place
2) 某些动词形态上是助动结构，但却表示被动意义，如表示状态特征的系动词：
look\ feel \smell\ taste\ sound\prove\appear等
The idea sounds interesting.
Good medicine tastes bitter.
又如某些可以与easily ,well等副词连用的动词。
Read\sell\write\wash\clean\weigh\measure\wear
The cloth washed easily.
This kind of goods sells well.
3) 有些动词形式上是被动的，但意义却是主动的，如：
He is seated on a bench.
He is engaged in research.
下列句型常用被动语态：
He is said that – 据说——
He is believed that— 人们相信——
He is hoped that – 人们希望——
He is well known that-- ---众所周知——名词性从句练习题
1. He asked _______for the violin.
A. did I play how much B. I paid how much
C. how much did I pay D. how much I paid
2. Someone is ringing the doorbell. Go and see_______.
A. who is he B. who he is C. who is it D. who it is
3. Can you make sure _______ the gold ring
A. where Alice had put B. where had Alice put
C. where Alice has put D. where has Alice put
4. _______she couldn’t understand was _______fewer and fewer students showed interest in her lesson.
A. What; why B. That; what C. What; because D. Why; that
5. Little Tommy was reluctant to tell the schoolmaster_______ he had done the day before.
A. that B. how C. where D. what
6. _____ you don’t like him is none of my business.
A. What B. Who C. That D. Whether
7. ______ the 2008 Olympic Games will be held in Beijing is not known yet.
A. That B. If C. Whether D. Whenever
8. What the doctors really doubt is _______ my mother will recover from the serious disease soon.
A. when B. how C. whether D. why
9. ______ is no possibility______ Bob can win the first prize in the match.
A. There; that B. It; that C. There; whether D. It; whether
10. These wild flowers are so special I would do______ I can to save them.
A. whatever B. that C. which D. whichever
11. ______ leaves the room last ought to turn off the lights.
A. Anyone B. The person C. Whoever D. Who
12. It is generally considered unwise to give a child ______ he or she wants.
A. however B. whatever C. whichever D. whenever
13. I remember______ this used to be a quiet village.
A. when B. how C. where D. what
14. Go and get your coat. It’s ______you left it.
A. there B. where C. there where D. where there
15. ---I drove to Zhuhai for the air show last week.
---Is that _____ you had a few days off
A. why B. when C. what D. where
16. They have no idea at all______.
A. where he has gone B. where did he go
C. which place has he gone D. where has he gone
17. No one can be sure______ in a million years.
A. what man will look like B. what will man look like
C. man will look like what D. what look will man like
18. The reporter said that the UFO______ east to west when he saw it.
A. was traveling B. traveled
C. had been traveling D. was to travel
19. Tom was disappointed that most of the guests ____when he ____at the party.
A. left; had arrived B. left; arrived
C. had left; had arrived D. had left; arrived
20. We were all surprised when he made it clear that he _____office soon.
A. leaves B. would leave C. left D. had left
21. ______ is a fact that English is being accepted as an international language.
A. There B. This C. That D. It
22. ---I think it’s going to be a big problem.
---Yes, it could be.
---I wonder ______ we can do about it.
A. if B. how C. what D. that
23. There is a feeling in me ______ we’ll never know what a UFO is not ever.
A. that B. which C. of which D. what
24. Perseverance is a kind of quality and that’s _____ it takes to do anything well.
A. what B. that C. which D. why
25. _____ be sent to work there
A. Who do you suggest B. Who do you suggest that should
C. Do you suggest who should D. Do you suggest whom should
26. ---Are you still thinking about yesterday’s game
---Oh, that’s_____.
A. what makes me feel excited B. whatever I feel excited about
C. how I feel about it D. when I feel excited
27. Eat_____ cake you like and leave the others for_____ comes in late.
A. any; who B. every; whoever
C. whichever; whoever D. either; whoever
28. People have heard what the President had said; they are waiting to see_____ he will do.
A. how B. what C. when D. that
29. There is a new problem involved in the popularity of private cars_____ road condition need_____.
A. that; to be improved B. which; to be improved
C. where; improving D. when; improving
30. It is pretty well understood______ control the flow of carbon dioxide in and out the atmosphere today.
A. that B. when C. what D. how
1. DDCAD CCCAA 11. CBABA AAADB 21. DCAAA ACBAC
1. Some of the scientists held the point __ __ the book said was right.
A. what what B. what that C. that that D. that what
2. Whether ways will be found to stop pollution or not is just _____ worries the public.
A. why B. which C. that D. what
3. I really wonder _____ he has posted me many packages _____ we worked together.
A. why; when B. why; since C. when; before D. how; after
4. Although Ann is happy with her success she wonders ____ will happen to her private life.
A. that B. what C. it D. this
5. Because they usually receive the same score on standardized exams, there is often disagreement as to ____is the better student, Bob or Jim.
A. who B. which C. whom D. whose
6. There is little doubt ____ her advice is of greater value to us.
A. that B. whether C. why D. of
7. I have no idea _____ she gets on well with her classmates.
A. when B. how C. that D. which
8. We can’t believe that he drew such a big conclusion according to ______ he took for granted.
A. as B. that C. what D. it
9. Scientists believe native Americans arrived by crossing the land bridge that connected Siberia and ____ more that 10,000 years ago.
A. this is Alaska B. Alaska is now
C. is now Alaska D. what is now Alaska
10. ____ we are doing has never been done before.
A. That B. What C. Which D. Whether
11. Whether ways will be found to stop pollution or not is just ____ worries the public.
A. why B. which C. that D. what
12. The boy dived into the water and after ____ seemed to be a long time, he came up again.
A. what B. that C. it D. which
13. The thought____ Lao Gao would open a Sichuan restaurant in Los Angeles surprised his wife.
A. that B. what C. whether D. if
14. Please tell me ____ you want your coffee, black or white
A. what B. when C. whether D. how
15. Many workers were organized to clear away _____ remained of the World TradeCenter. A. those B. that C. what D. where
16. _____ we can pass the coming examination will mainly depend on _____ we learn and _____ we learn it.
A. Whether; what; how B. That; whether; why
C. If; how; that D. Why; that; how
17. _____ people spend so much money on their pets ____ us a lot.
A. That; surprises B. What; surprising
C. How; are surprised D. That; is surprised
18. We believe ____ you have been devoted to _____ naturally of great necessity. A. That; being B. all that; be
C. that all; are D. what; is
19. Although most of them have no doubt _____ he will pass the exam, I still think there is something about ____ he has really got everything ready.
A. whether; that B. that; whether C. that; that D. whether; whether
20. Professor Lee’s book will show you ___ can be used in other fields.
A. that you have observed B. how that you have observed
C. that how you have observed D. how what you have observed
21. Your ability has never been in doubt---the question is _____ you are prepared to work hard. A. that B. if C. how D. Whether
22. A computer can only do ____ you have instructed it to do.
A. how B. after C. what D. when
DDBBAA CCDBD AADCA ADBDD C
PAGE
4Unit 4 The Rescue
I Demands of education for all-round developments
Let students know when we are in trouble, we should be panic, and we should help each other.
II Teaching content
The rescue (The first period: reading comprehension)
III Teaching aims
1. Improve students’reading ability and help them understand the text.
2. To enrich the studengts’imagination and encourage them to talk in English.
3. To improve the students’ ability of communication in English.
IV Teaching key points and difficult points
How to improve students’ understand the meaning of the passage.
V Teaching methods
1 asking questions with necessary explanation.
2 inductive methods
VI Learning methods
reading, listening and answering questions.
VII Teaching aids
a tape recorder , a blackboard and colored chalks.
VIII Teaching procedures. 　
Step 1 lead in
T: Good morning, class.
SS: Good morning, teacher.
T: Today let’s learn Unit 4 Unforgettable Experiences, reading part “ the rescue”. Now all of you read the word together. “rescue”, “rescue”. Ok, what does this word mean what’s the meaning of the word
Ss: 营救，挽救。
（If all the students don’t know, teacher can explain it in English, then in Chinese.）
T: When do people need rescue
Ss: in trouble, or meet difficulties. ( If Ss can’t answer the question, help Ss ).
T: Yes, when we are in trouble, we need rescue. For example, if a house caught fire, and the fire was very big, the house was also full of smoke, we need rescue the people in the house, right
Ss: yes.
T: Now let’s look at the picture. What can you see in the picture
Ss: some tall buildings, trees, water, and two people.
T: Yes. The two people are the main characters, Flora and Jeff. Now
read after me. Flora, Jeff..
T: From the picture, can you guess what happened
Ss: A flood may happen.
T: Yes, clever students. A flood hit the area. Or we can say the house, the tree was flooded by the water. (write the word flood on the blackboard)
T: Can you guess the feelings of the two people
Ss: 害怕。
T: Yes. frightened, scared, surprised, terrified.( Write these words on the blackboard and ask Ss to read the words following me.)
T: In all, from the picture, we know flood broke out, the two people need rescue. Right
Step 2 Presentation
1. Listening
Listen to the tape, you can look at your books and answer the following question
T: what rescued them / What’s the end of the story
( a few minutes later)
S: The chimney rescued them.
T: Where can you find the answer
Ss: The last sentence in the passage.
T: Read them out.
Ss: This will stand. This here will stand, See! That chimney! Like a tower. Yes! All right! All right!
T: From the sentence, do you know what kind of feelings did the two people have Just think, they were in trouble, and they were very frightened, to live, to survive, not to die , they struggled with the flood. When they suddenly found the chimney stood there, what’s the feeling
Ss: surprised, excited.
T: Yes.
Step 3 Fast reading
Ask students to read the passage quickly, and find out the sentences which describe the huge flood. When students say the sentences, I write them on blackboard one by one. In the following style:
Time Flood Flora Jeff
At the beginning A loud noise was heard; a big mass of water was advancing upon her. look around; too surprised to move running; waving his arms
The following moment The first wave swept trees down, and swallowed the garden. swept down by the wave; went down under the water shouted; seizing Flora"s arm; dragged Flora towards the house.
Then The water, as cold as ice, flowing faster than a river, was now above their knees. struggled for her life; finally got on her feet. hold onto a tree; pulled her up
The next moment Another great roar was heard and the wall shaking; The water moved up like a sea; The whole house moved and began climbing up started crying. got to the steps and began crying shouted; directing their way to the chimney
At last The whole garden was swept away with trees cut down by the wild water. Part of the house moved and went down, but the chimney stood. stood still; silently by the chimney looked outside and said to himself they finally escaped the disaster
Step 4 Slow reading
Ask students to read slowly, and find out the sentences about what the two people did when flood were rushing towards them
T: (write the questions on the blackboard)
T: What did the two people do when flood were rushing towards them
In order to let students understand what I said, fill in the blanks above. First give them an example.
Step 5 Summarize the text.
T: Now, let’s look at the form on the blackboard. How many times did the flood come
T: When the first one came, what did the two people do
Ss: ………….
Step 6 Retelling
Ask individual students to retell the text, according to the form.
Step 7 Checking understanding
To check how much do the students understand, ask students to do the following questions after class. If time permits, do them in class.
1. Why didn’t Flora move when the water coming to her
A. She thought it didn’t matter. B. She didn’t notice it.
C She was waiting for Jeff. D. She was too surprised.
2 What happened to the garden
A.It was filled with fallen trees. B. Some flowers had been washed away.
C.It was completely flooded. D.It remained safe and beautiful.
3 Why were Flora and Jeff trying to get to the chimney
A .Because it was higher than the house.
B. Because it was stronger than the house.
C. Because it was behind the house.
D. Because it was warmer there.
4 The passage mainly describes _______ in a terrible flood.
A. a seaside house B. a beautiful garden
C. a strong chimney D. two people’s experiences
5 What did the " cracking noise "suggest
A. The water level was rising.
B. The house couldn’t stand the water any longer.
C. The trees were falling down.
D. A strong wind was blowingUnit 6 Good manners
Ⅰ. 单元教学目标
技能目标Goals1. TaLk about good table manners2. Learn to apologise to people3. Express your gratitude4. Understand the Restrictive Attributive Clause and the Non-restrictive Attributive Clause: The man who greeted me is my teacher. John, who greeted me, is my teacher.5. Write a thank-you letter
Ⅱ. 目标语言
功能句式 Apologising && Expressing thanks道歉与致谢Excuse me.Forgive me. I’m (very/so/terribly) sorry.That’s all right./That’s OK./No problem.I apologise for...Oh, well, that’s life.I’m sorry. I didn’t mean to...Oops. Sorry about that.Thank you. It’s beautiful.
词汇 1. 四会词汇interrupt apologis(z)e fault introduce apology forgive culture manner(s) impression toast behave napkin roll dessert unfold lap damp cloth custom starter pray course breast flesh bone raise advice spirit impolite mix wing extra childhood stare disabled2. 认读词汇Jordan cliff oops tender fashion formal comma Paula Ellen Andrew Lisa Amy3. 词组leave out, stare at, make jokes about sb.4. 重点词汇（略）
结构 定语从句（the Attributive Clause）(3)1. 能够用从句描述人物、事件、时间、地点、原因等——使用限制性定语从句I spent the whole afternoon with the teacher who was very helpful.2. 能够用从句对特定的人物、事件、时间、地点等作补充说明——使用非限制性定语从句I spent the whole afternoon with the teacher, which was helpful.
重点句子 1. People who go to a formal western dinner party for the first time may be surprised by table manners in western culture.2. Knowing them will help you make a good impression.3. Having good table manners means knowing, for example, how to use knives and forks, when to drink a toast and how to behave at the table.4. In China, you sometimes get a hot, damp cloth to clean your face and hands, which, however, is not the custom in western countries.5. Although good manners always make you look good, you do not need to worry about all these rules while having dinner with friends or family.6. If it isn’t too cold for you, I would like to invite you to come and visit me in the north of China over the next holiday in January.
III. 学能目标
在初中所学句型的基础上，进一步丰富学生的词汇，熟练掌握Apologising to people以及Expressing your gratitude句型结构，积极和老师同学配合，认真完成教材的教学任务，达到新课标要求。同学们可以通过小组活动，分工合作，通过不同资源途经，了解＂餐桌上的礼节＂；了解不同国家、不同地域人们不同的＂餐桌上的礼节＂，通过观摩录像，认真领悟，使学生由被动变主动，积极参与学习过程，并亲自投身现场的模拟表演，使之产生浓厚的学习兴趣，让学生体会英语作为工具学科带来的乐趣。学生可以利用英语扩大自己的视野，获取知识，了解世界。使学生养成自觉使用英语和查阅英语资料的好习惯，为学生终身使用英语打下良好的基础。
IV.教材分析
1. 教材分析
本单元以“礼仪”为中心话题，通过本单元教学,旨在使学生了解中西方礼仪文化的差异，提高学生的跨文化交际的意识，并结合实际，了解生活中的道歉、致谢常用语。由于2008年奥运会在中国举行，因此了解东西方礼仪的话题学生应该比较感兴趣。
1．1 WARMING UP部分以图片形式导出本单元的话题之一——道歉，旨在通过模拟真实情景，让学生体会现实生活中的道歉用语，培养学生处理生活中类似问题的能力。
1．2 LISTENING部分提供了一个生活中可能遇到的事例——事先未经允许借用了别人自行车，而且又把车给丢失了。让学生通过“听”，真正掌握道歉用语的应用场合。
1.3 SPEAKING 旨在通过情景练习提高学生的口语表达能力，进一步体会在一定情景中道歉用语的使用。
1.4 PRE-READING 是READING的热身活动，旨在通过所提供的表格,让学生去讨论中国文化中的礼仪规范。在讨论总结中深入了解本民族的礼仪规范，并探究与西方文化中的礼仪之异同。
1.5 READING是一篇介绍西方餐桌礼仪的说明文。文章通过全面地介绍西方的餐桌礼仪，让学生了解西方餐饮文化，培养学生的跨文化交际的意识，使他们适应当前世界文化交流的大潮，提前做好准备。
1.6 POST-READING部分通过练习检查学生对西方餐桌文化的理解、掌握，使学生对中西方文化有更深层的理解。
1.7 LANGUAGE STUDY分词汇和语法两部分。利用探究式学习方法，学习构词法及定语从句的相关知识，并达到熟练运用的程度。
1.8 INTEGRATING SKILLS通过范例让学生掌握感谢信的结构特点，并通过模仿达到会撰写，目的在于提高学生的英语写作能力。
2. 教材重组
2.1 将WARMING UP与SPEAKING合在一起，上一节“口语课”。
2.2 将LISTENING和WORKBOOK中的LISTENING整合在一起，设计一节“听力课”。
2.3 将PRE-READING, READING和POST-REDING结合起来，上一节“阅读课”。
2.4将WORKBOOK中TALKING 和INTEGRATING SKILLS的READING整合起来，上一节“泛读课”。
2.5将LANGUAGE STUDY与WORKBOOK中的语法练习题整合在一起，上一节“语法课”。
2.6将INEGRATING SKILLS与练习中的WRITING整合在一起，设计一节“写作课”。
3. 课型设计与课时分配（经教材分析，本单元可以用6课时教完）
1st period Warming-up &&Speaking 口语课
2nd period Listening 听力课
3rd period Reading 阅读课
4th period Extensive Reading 泛读课
5th period Language study 语法课
6th period Integrating Skills 写作课
V. 分课时教案
The First Period Warming-up & Speaking
Teaching goals 教学目标
1. Target language 目标语言
a. 重点词汇和短语　miss, page, interrupt, terribly, apologise, offer, fault, anyway, introduce, a bit of , pay for, as a matter of fact, watch out, never mind, make sure
b. 交际用语
May I interrupt you for a moment
I’m so/terribly sorry.
I really have to apologise.
I suppose I should pay for it.
2. Ability goals 能力目标
Get Ss to learn some of the expressions for apologizing and expressing thanks.
3. Learning ability goals 学能目标
Help Ss learn how to use these expressions for apologizing and expressing thanks.
Teaching important points 教学重点
Learn the patterns used when apologizing to people.　
Teaching difficult points 教学难点
How to make up dialogues according to the situations given by the teacher.
Teaching aids 教具准备
A recorder, A projector, A computer
Teaching procedures && ways 教学过程与方式
Step I Revision
1. Greeting
2. Check homework
Show some sentences on the screen and ask Ss to finish them and give the answers.
T: Please look at these sentences (on the slide), can you finish them
Sentences:
①I still remember the days__________ we stayed together.
②I still remember the days__________ we spent together.
③This is the factory __________ we worked five years ago.
④This is the factory ___________ we visited five years
ago.
S:... .
Possible answers:
① when/on which
② which/that/ 不填
③ where/in which
④ which/that/不填
Step II Lead in
T: Now it’s time for us to take up the new lesson. let’s look at the pictures on Page36 and answer the question.
What do you think is happening in every picture
S1: A student came into the classroom and talked with his teacher in Picture1.
S2: A student is talking with two other people in Picture2.
S3: There is a boy and a girl with an umbrella in a canteen in Picture3. They seem to be talking.
S4: There are many people in an airport or railway station in Picture4. Someone seems to get pushed.
T: Well done! Now let’s make use of the expressions in the second column to make a dialogue for each picture. Work in pairs.
Five minutes later, check the answers.
Step Ⅲ Practice
T: Work in pairs. Use the following words and expressions to make dialogues.
Please remember to use the useful expressions on the powerpoint.
The useful expressions;
Forgive me.
I’m very sorry.
I’m terribly sorry.
I really have to apologise.
I’m really sorry about the bike.
S5: Oh, I’m sorry. I broke you cup.
S6: That’s all right.
S7: I apologise for not cleaning the classroom.
S8: It’s OK this time, but remember to clean it next time.
S: ... .
Step IV Speaking
T: Now let’s learn speaking on Page 37. we’ll practise these useful expressions that we’ve learned. There are 3 situations about making apologises. Work in pairs to make up a short dialogue.
Situation 1
S9: Can you introduce me to him, Tom
S10: I’m sorry. I didn’t know you hadn’t met. David, this is John.
S9: Hi, John. Nice to meet you.
Situation 2
S11: Excuse me! Are these seats free
S12: No, I’m very sorry. My friend is sitting here.
S11: That’s all right.
Situation 3
S13: Oh, was that your glass
S14: Yes.
S13: I’m terribly sorry. I took it by mistake. Can I give you another one
S14: That would be nice, thanks.
Step V Discussing
T: Now look at Ex4 on Page117. Work in pairs. Discuss the situation and complete the second sentence.
A few minutes later, check the answers with the whole class .
StepⅥ Homework
Ask Ss to make dialogues with other situations which may all take at the party.Unit 8 Sports
Teaching aims and demands:
a. Achieve language skills and related knowledge about the topic of sports and the Olympics;
b. Learn to express likes and interests and hobbies:
c. Vocabulary in this unit:
the words and expressions listed on the teacher’s book
d. Grammar:
the passive voice
Period 1
Main points
1.Words
stand for; well-known; host; shooting; interest; test; examine✓ match; sport; congratulation; fill in; information; while; beat&win
2.Sentence patterns
would rather…
be worth…
prefer…to…
3.Functional item
talk about interests&hobbies
Difficult points
would rather…
prefer…to…
Teaching procedures
Step 1 lead-in
Ss : talk about sports
T : Do you like sports What sports do you know
How much do you know about the Olympic Games
Many of you are sports fans.And we all know China will host the Olympics in 2008.Next I will give you a quiz to see which of you knows most about the Olympics.
Step 2 Warming up
1.Ss finish the multiple choices in given time.
2.Check the answers
Step 3 Listening
T : Most sports fans like to listen to sports news.How about you Next you’ll listen to three sports reports.
1.Go through each task and understand what to do.
2.Play the tape two or three times as necessary.Pause at important points and give the students help as necessary.
3.Let the Ss discuss in pairs and then check the answers.
Steps 4 Speaking
1.Go over the useful expressions listed.T asks and Ss answers.
2.Ss practice asking and answering in pairs.
3.Set an example of an interview.
4.Ss practice in groups of 4.Using the expressions.
Step 5 Language points
1.would rather
(1)+do (d’rather do)
EP:He said he would rather play football.
I’d rather stay here with you.
(2)+not do sth
EP:He would rather not listen to jazz.
2.Prefer to do rather than do
EP：I prefer to write to her rather than telephone her.
I prefer to stay at home rather than go out.
Homework :Review useful expressions and practice.
Period 2
Main points
1.Words
take part in; competitor; rank; prtpare; every 4 years; in modern times; further&farther; event; history-making; make change; whole&all; honour.
2.Sentence patterns
…the same as…
following…
Difficult points
…the same as…
every 4 years
Teaching procedures
Step 1 Recision
Ask students to talk about interests and hobbies.
Step 2 Pre-reading
1.T:Which sport event do you like to watch most Why
2.T:Are the Olympic Games important to our society Why or why not
Possible answer:Yes,they are important.It is an opportunity to show how strong you country is and how much the people in your coutry love sports.
Step 3 Reading
Today we are going to learn more about the Olympic.Ask students to read quickly in silence and find the answer to the following question.
( ) :Which would be another title for the text
A .The Summer Olympic Games
B .The Winter Olympic Games
C. The World’s Greatest Sports Games
D. A Great Victory for China (c)
Step 4 Post-reading
Ask students to read the text again and answer the following questions.
1.How have the Olympic Games changed since the old Olympic Games were held in ancient Greece
A :The Olympics have changed in many ways.Many sports are the same,but new sports have been added.Women are now allowed to take part in the Games.In 2000,over 10,000 athletes form 227 countries participated in the Olympics.
2. What will be done in preparation for the 2008 Olympics in Beijing
A :New buildings and sports venues will be built,more trees will be planted and new roads will be built.
Step 5 Language points
1.take part in; join in; attend
John takes part in many school activities.
He takes an active part in politics.
Join in sth./join sb in sth.
All the family join me in wishing you a happy future.
attend a meeting;
attend the concert ;
attend a class
2 .in modern times time pl.
Times have changed,and we shouldn’t fall behind them.It is the fastest computer of modern times.
3. the same as…
The jacket is the same as mine.
She goes to the same university as her father did.
Step 6 Listening to the tape
Homework:Review words and language points in the text.
Period 3
Revision
Ask several students to say something about what he will do for the 2008 Olympics.
Grammar : The Future Passive Voice
1. Structure:will+be+v.-ed
2. Model-making
T:The classroom is very dirty.I will clean it.So it will be cleaned.
3. Drill&practice
Do exercise on P54-55 in book.Grammar Ex 1.
Homework :Ex 2 on P55.
Period 4
Main points
1.Words
height; point; skill; facial; live; live his dream; speed
2.Sentence patterns
more than
Difficult points
more than
Theaching procedures
Step 1 Recision
Review the structure of the future passive voice.
Step 2 Lead-in
Ss talk about their favorite sports stars.
You have your favorite sports stars.Would you like to know something about Yao Ming.
In this period,we’ll read the profile of Yao Ming.
Step 3 Ask students to read the profile and make a summary.
Step 4 Teach students how to read and write a profile.
Step 5 Language points
1. height n.
What is its height (What height is it )
It has a height of 5cm,a length of 10cm and a width of 4cm.
2. more than
We were more than happy to hear of your success.
He is more than our teacher.He is also our best friend.
Step 6 Listening
Homework : Revise all the words and expressions in this unit.