高一上册知识要点[上学期]
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Unit 1
Good friends
.英语小窍门.
英语口语
吃惊时
难以置信!
Unbelievable! Incredible! That's unbelievable! I can't believe it!
我吃了一惊!
I'm surprised! *用于突然发生了始料不及的事情时。 我很震惊。
I'm shocked! I'm in shock! What a shock!
太让人吃惊了!
That's amazing! How about that! Wow! (哇-!)
真的
Really *Oh, really Is that right Is that so Oh, yeah
你在开玩笑吧!
You're kidding! You're joking! You're pulling my leg! *用pull...leg表示“嘲弄人”。
No kidding! You've got to be kidding!
怎么可能!
It can't be! That can't be! It can't be true! Impossible!
.重点词语用法.
1. brave adj. 勇敢的 n. bravery 勇敢、鲜艳，华丽 adv. bravely 勇敢地
It’s brave of you to raise objections at the meeting
= You are brave to raiseobjections at the meeting.你在会上提出反对意见，真勇敢。
stand bravely on the side of justice 英勇地站在正义的立场上
2. loyal adj. 忠诚的, 忠实的 adv. loyally n. loyalty (u)
短语：be loyal to a cause 忠于事业 a loyal wife 忠贞的妻子
She was a kind woman, loyal to her friend, intelligent and amusing.
她是一个很好的女人，对朋友忠诚，聪明，有趣。
This showed their love and their loyalty to the party.这表明他们对党的热爱和忠诚。
3. handsome (主要指男人) 英俊的, 潇洒的
He looked terrible tall, handsome and healthy.他看上去个子很高, 很英俊健康。
相关短语：good-looking 长相好的 ordinary-looking 相貌普通的
4. argue 辩论
1）argue with somebody about something 和某人关于某事辩论
They argued about / over who should pay the bill.他们在争论该谁付款。
2)argue that … 辩论说 He argued that she shouldn’t go.他辩论说她不应该去。
3)ague against …①据理反对 He argued against the use of this medicine.
②证明…是不能成立的 All the facts argued against the theory.
所有的事实都证明这理论是不能成立的。
4)argue …into doing / out of doing通过争论使(某人)(不)做某事
She argued him out of his decision. 她争论要他放弃他的决定。
5)n. argument 辩论, 争论(表具体一场争论/辩论)；论点，论据
They got into quite a heated argument. 他们开始了激烈的争论。
We should settle this affair by argument not by fighting.我们应该通过争论而不是打架来解决事务。
5. honest adj.
1）诚实的; 正直的 honest beyond belief非常正直
2）坦率的; 诚恳的; 真诚的; 可靠的I shall be quite honest with you. 我将和你完全坦诚相见。
3）真的; 确实的; 真正的; 正当的 honest goods真货
4）朴实的; 普通的
5）令人尊敬的 an honest name令人尊敬的名字
6）纯净的, 贞洁的honest poverty清贫
7)adv. honestly 诚实地, 正当地, 说真话
He got the money honestly. 他这笔钱是正当的。
Honestly (speaking), I think you are too proud.老实说 来, 你太骄傲了。
8)n. honesty 诚实, 正直 Honesty is his best quality. 正直是他最好的品质。
6. classical adj.
1）古典的， 传统的， 古典文学的； 古希腊［古罗马］ 的； 经典的
2）人文科学的
3）（=classic）第一流的， 最高等的
4）庄严的； 历久不衰的
classical music古典音乐
classical school古典（经济） 学派
a classical scholar精通古典文学艺术的学者
She likes classical literature and music.她喜欢古典文学和古典音乐。
Latin is a classical language.拉丁语是希腊语。
The suit was a classic style. 这套衣服是古典风格。
7. share n.
1）一份, 部分, 份额, 分担量, 股份, 比重
2）[pl. ]股票
3）贡献; 参与
He has some share of his father's genius. 他继承了几分他父亲的天才。
The company was formed with 2000 shares.该公司由两千股组成。
I had no share in the matter.我未参与此事。
4）均分, 分派
5）共有, 分享 share responsibility共同负责 share a room with sb. 与某人同居一室
share the joys and hardships of the masses与群众同甘共苦
6）分享[担]; 参与(in) share in the profits
7）分享收益 share with sb. in distress与某人共患难
8. sorrow n.
1）悲痛; 忧伤; 遗憾; 惋惜; 悔恨
2）不幸; 魔鬼 伤心事
3）悲哀的原因; 伤心的原故
cause much sorrow to使...非常伤心; 给...造成许多烦恼
express one's sorrow for one's mistake对错误表示遗憾
share one's joys and sorrows 与某人苦乐与共
4)adj. sorrowful 悲伤的, 痛苦的 He felt sorrowful.他感到很悲伤。
5)sorry 难过的，抱歉的，遗憾的
9.movie
1）（美）电影 There’s a good movie on at the cinema. 电影院里上映一部很不错的电影。
2）（复）电影院 Let’s go to the movies.我们去看电影吧。
10. speech
1) 说话(能力) (u) Our thoughts are expressed by speech.我们的想法由言语来表达。
2）讲话，演说At the meeting Mr Smith made a long speech.在会上史密斯先生作了一个
很长的讲话。
11. adventure
1）冒险(u) He is fond of adventure.他喜欢冒险。
2）惊险的事，有危险的事/ 令人兴奋的经历（c）
Have you read about the adventures of Marco Polo？你读过马可 波罗的冒险经历吗？
12. desert v.遗弃; 抛弃; 离弃
He is so selfish that all his friends have deserted him.他非常自私, 使得所有的朋友都抛弃了他。
1)deserted adj. 无人的; 被抛弃的; 被遗弃的
2)deserted island 荒岛; deserted street 空无一人的街道
13.nor conj.
1). (用在neither之后)也不
2). (用在not,no,never之后)也不
3). (用在句首,句子须倒装)也不
I have never spoken nor written to her. 我跟她从来没说过话,也没写过信。
You do not like him, nor do I. 你不喜欢他,我也不喜欢。
14.hunt vt.1. 追猎,猎取 2.搜索;寻找 3. 追捕
vi.1. 打猎 2. 搜寻(+for/after)
November is a good time to hunt deer. 十一月正是猎鹿的好时节。
I m hunting a job. 我在找工作。
.重点词组解析.
1. fond of “喜爱，爱好” 接名词、代词或动词的-ing形式。例如：
He’s fond of swimming. 他喜欢游泳。
Are you fond of fresh vegetables. 你喜欢新鲜蔬菜吗
He is fond of his research work. 他喜爱他的研究工作。
注意：like, enjoy, be fond of, love 都有“喜爱”、“喜欢”的意思，但在用法上和喜爱的程度上有所不同。like是一般用语，用得最广泛，后面的宾语可以是名词、不定式或动词-ing形式。enjoy 喜爱的程度比like稍强一点，后面只可以跟名词或-ing形式，而不跟不定式。Love在这三个词中表达喜爱的程度最大，语气最强，感彩最强烈，有“热爱”之意，后面的宾语可以是名词、不定式或动词-ing形式。be fond of（=like very much）,在喜 爱的程度上比like强，但比love弱，后面只可以跟名词或-ing形式。
2. hunt for = look for寻找
I have found the book I was hunting for.我找到了那本我在找的书。
相关短语:
hunt for a job 找工作
hunt down 追捕, 捕获 The police hunted down the escaped prisoner.警方追捕逃犯。
hunt out 找出来 I’ve got some pictures for you somewhere, but it’ll need hunting out.
hunt up 找到, 找寻 You’ll have to hunt up the word in the dictionary.
3. in order to, so as to 这两个词组都可引导不定式作目的状语.
1) in order to可放于句首, so as to则不能, 其否定形式为in order not to / so as not to.
In order to be noticed, he shouted and waved to us.为了让我们注意他, 他朝我们又是叫喊又是挥手。
2)in order that,so that 两个短语都能引导目的状语从句。从句中常有情态动词。
He opened the window in order that / so that fresh air might come in.
4. care about
1) 喜欢，对……有兴趣 = care for
She doesn’t care about money.她不喜欢钱。
2）关心 = care for
She thinks only of herself. She doesn’t care about other people.
她只考虑自己。她不关心别人。
3）在乎，在意（接从句或不接任何成分）
These young people care nothing about what old people might say.
这些年轻人根本不在乎老人说的话。
4)care for除了有与care about同样的几个意思外，还可以表示“照料，照顾”
Who is to care for me when I’m old？我年纪老的时候谁照顾我
5)care to do 愿意(接近like，跟不定式, 主要用于否定句、疑问句和条件句)
If you care to hear it, I will tell you. 如果你愿意听的话，我告诉你。
5. such as 意为“诸如……”，“像……”，是用来列举人或事物的。
She teaches three subjects, such as physics and chemistry.她教三门科目,像物理、化学。
注意：（1）such as前的名词要用复数；
（2）such as后列举的人或物至少是两项， 但不能全部列出；
（3）用了such as 就不再用others 或etc.
1)such …as 表示 “像……这样的”, “诸如……之类”, 一般可转换为such as…或like介词短语。Such languages as Chinese, Russian, Japanese and German are difficult learn well. = Languages such as Chinese … = Languages like Chinese …
2)such …as 中的as 还可用作关系代词, 引导一个定语从句.
Please take such things as you need.(as 作need的宾语) 拿你所需要的东西吧。
3)Such…that如此……以致……,引导的是结果状语从句。试比较：
He is such a good student that he is often praised by the teacher. (状语从句)
He is such a good student as is often praised by the teacher. (定语从句)
6.make apologies 道歉
1)因某事向某人道歉 make an apology(or apologies) to sb for sth
2)apologize vi. 道歉;认错,赔不是(+to/for)
I owe you an apology for my rudeness last night. 昨天晚上我太粗暴,应该向你道歉。
He apologized to her for not going to her party.
他因为没有出席她举行的宴会而向她表示歉意。
.句型难点解析
1．“So + be／have／助动词／情态动词＋主词”的结构。此结构中的语序是倒装的，“So”代替上句中的某个成分。如果上面一句是否定句，则使用“Neither/Nor+be/have/助动词/情态动词+主语”的结构。
例如 He’s tired，and so am I．(＝I’ m also tired．)
You can swim，and so can I．(＝I can also swim．)
She has had supper，and so can I．(＝I’ve had lunch，too．)
Tom speaks English，and so does his sister．(＝His sister speaks English，too．)
2．“So +主语+be／have／助动词／情态动词”结构中的主谓是正常语序，so相当于indeed,certainly,表示说话人对前面或对方所说情况的肯定、赞同或证实，语气较强，意思是“确实如此”。例如
A：It was cold yesterday．昨天很冷。B：So it was．的确如此。(＝Yes，it was．)
A：You seem to like sports． B：So I do．(＝Yes，I do．)
A：It will be fine tomorrow．B：So it will．(＝Yes ，it will．)
3．“主语+do/does/did + so”结构指的是按上句的要求做了。此句型中do so代替上文中要求做的事，以免重复。
My Chinese teacher told me to hand in my composition on time and I did so.(=I handed in
my composition on time.) 语文老师叫我按时交作文, 我照办了。
4．So it is with…或 It is the same with…句型表示 “……(的情况)也是如此。”当前面的句子中有几种不同形式的谓语时，要表示相同情况，必须使用本句型，不能使用so 引起的倒装句。
She doesn’t play the piano, but she likes singing. So it is with my sister.
.同步习题.
1. His father became very angry when he heard this, __________.
A. so became his mother B. so had his mother
C. so did his mother D. so his mother was
2. Driving in the country is _________.
A. a great fun B. great fun C. funny D. a lot of funs
3. It’s honest ________ him to tell me the truth.
A. of B. for C. to D. at
4. I bough these flowers _____ for you.
A. specially B. special C. especial D. especially
5. When the teacher said, "_________", I stood up.
A. It's your turn B. Put up your hand
C. Come in, please D. Don't touch anything
6. Is he fond of __________
A. football B. play football C. the football D. to play football
7. This book is really _____. I feel ______ with it.
A. boring, boring B. bored, bored C. bored, boring D. boring, bored
8. Can you work out the problem ____ some other way
A. by B. in C. with D. at
9. He earns _______ 2000 dollars a month.
A. as many as B. as much as C. as far as D. as great as
10. Can you imagine him ______ alone in the island for a long time
A. live B. living C. to living D. to be living
参考答案提示：1-5 CBAAA 6-10 ADBBB
1. C 用“So + be／have／助动词／情态动词＋主词”的结构。
2. fun不可数名词。
3. It’s …of sb. to do sth.
4. specially “特意地, 专门地” 强调目的; especially “特别地” 强调程度.
5.one's turn轮到某人，e.g. 1) Who's turn is it 2) It's my turn to speak.
6.be fond of+名词或-ing形式.
7.boring = tiring 令人厌倦的 bored厌倦的(表示主语的状态)
9. as many as多达….., as much as有…之多
10. imagine常用结构 imagine sth.; imagine sb. doing sth; imagine sb/ sth to be…;imagine +从句。
.课外读物.
The Bear and the Fox
A BEAR boasted very much of his philanthropy, saying that of all animals he was the most tender in his regard for man, for he had such respect for him that he would not even touch his dead body. A Fox hearing these words said with a smile to the Bear, "Oh! that you would eat the dead and not the living."。
熊与狐狸
有一头熊大肆吹嘘，说他很爱人类，因为他从不吃死人。一只狐狸对他说：“但愿你把 死人撕得粉碎，而不要危害那些活着的人。”
这故事适用于生活中那些假装善良的恶人。
The Swallow and the Crow
THE SWALLOW and the Crow had a contention about their plumage. The Crow put an end to the dispute by saying, "Your feathers are all very well in the spring, but mine protect me against the winter."
Fair weather friends are not worth much.
燕子与乌鸦
燕子与乌鸦争吵谁最美丽。乌鸦对燕子说：“春天才能看到你美丽的外貌，我的身体却 可以抵御冬季的严寒。”
这是说，健康的身体是最漂亮的外貌。
Unit 2
English around the world
· 英语小窍门 ·
经典广告语
1.Time is what you make of it.(Swatch) 天长地久。（斯沃奇手表）
2.Make yourself heard.(Ericsson) 理解就是沟通。(爱立信)
3.Engineered to move the human spirit.(Mercedes-Benz)
人类精神的动力。（梅塞德斯-奔驰）
4.Start Ahead.(Rejoice) 成功之路，从头开始。（飘柔）
5.A diamond lasts forever.(De Bierres) 钻石恒久远，一颗永流传。（第比尔斯）
6.Fresh-up with Seven-up.(Seven-up) 提神醒脑，喝七喜。（七喜）
7.Intel Inside.(Intel Pentium) 给电脑一颗奔腾的“芯”。（英特尔 奔腾）
8.Connecting People.(Nokia) 科技以人为本。（诺基亚）
9.For the Road Ahead.(Honda) 康庄大道。（本田）
10.Let us make things better.(Philips) 让我们做的更好。（飞利浦）
11.Enjoy Coca-Cola.(Coca-Cola) 请喝可口可乐。（可口可乐）
12.Generation Next.(Pepsi) 新的一代。（百事）
· 重点词汇解析 ·
1、majority
majority的意思是“大多数；大部分”，常与a或the连用，作主语时，若指整体情况，谓语常用单数；指许多个体，谓语常用复数。
A majority continue to support him.大多数继续支持他。
The majority of his books are kept upstairs.他的大部分书藏在楼上。
2、other
（l）other用作形容词，意思是“其他的；别的”，修饰名词时，其前面常常有the，no，some，many或any等限定词。如：
No other person besides Li Ming applied.除李明外没人申请。
She has many other things to do. 她有很多事要做。
（2）指两者中的“另一方”，用the other(s)或“the other十名词”表示。如：
The hotel is on the other side of the street.那旅馆在街对面。
He has five friends. Two are workers. The others are doctors.
她有五个朋友。两个是工人，其余的是大夫。
(3) some... others 表了“一些……，一些……”（无范围）； some of... the others 表示“有的……，其余的（全都）……”（有范围）。如：
Some girls are playing poker; others are playing chess.有的女孩在打扑克，有的在下棋。
Some are workers； others are teachers．有些是工人，有些是教师。
3、difficulty
have difficulty/trouble in doing sth. 的意思是“做某事有困难”，注意其中的 in doing sth不可改用 to do sth。如：
We had no difficulty in repairing his car.
He has some difficulty in settling this problem.他解决这个问题有一些困难。
4、turn的相关短语
turn on开（收音机、煤气、水龙头、灯等的开关）
turn off关（收音机、煤气、水龙头、灯等的开关）
turn up（把收音机、电视、灯等）开大些；出现；出席
turn down把收音机、电视、灯等）开小些
turn in交上去 turn to向……寻求帮助；转到
turn over移交；打翻
5、mean
（1）mean在此表示“指…而言;意思是说”，后面可接名词、代词或从句。如：
I meant the red one, not the green one.我说的是那个红的，不是那个绿的。
I mean that he is being unfair.我是说他不公平。
（2）mean表示“打算（做某事）”，后面常接动词不定式；表示“意味着（某种可能或结果），后接动名词。如：
Do you mean to go without money？你打算身无分文地去吗？
Missing the train means waiting for an hour. 要是误了车，就得等一个钟头。
6、compare vt.
1). 和...比较,对照(+with/to)
2). 比喻为,把...比作(+to)
Compared with him, I am a bungler. 与他相比,我只能算是一个笨拙的人。
7、need
1)n. 需要;要求(+of/for)/+to-v
2)vt. 需要,有...必要
3)v. (多用于疑问句和否定句)需要,必须
We have no need to be afraid of them. 我们不必怕他们。
The garden needs watering. 花园该浇水了。(说明:该用法相当于need to be done)
8、native
1）a.①. 天生的 ② 出生地的,祖国的,家乡的 ③. 本土的,本国的,土生的 ④. (某地)特有的,原产的
2）n.①. 本地人,本国人 ②. (某地)原有的动(植)物
They are native speakers of English. 他们的母语是英语。
He has been away from his native Poland for three years.
他离开故土波兰已有三年了
9、independent
1）. 独立的,自治的,自主的(+of)
2）. 有独立心的;自立的(+of)
Many colonies in Africa became independent nations in the 1950 s.
非洲许多殖民地在二十世纪五十年代成了独立国家。
10、develop vt.1. 使成长;使发展 2. 开发 3. 逐渐产生;逐渐养成; 5.使显影,冲洗(底片)
vi.1. 生长;成长;形成 2. 进步;进化 3. 发展
Swimming develops the muscles. 游泳能使肌肉发达。
The builders are developing that part of the city.
建筑商正在开发这座城市的那个地区。
11、communicate
1)vt.1. 传达;传递;传播(+to)
2)vi.1. 交流思想(或感情,信息等);交际,交往(+with) 2. 通讯,通话(+with)
Did she communicate my wishes to you 她有没有把我的祝福转告你
We learn a language in order to communicate. 我们学习语言是为了交流思想。
He had no way to communicate with his brother. 他没有办法与他兄弟联系。
· 重点短语解析 ·
1、for the first time与 the first time的区别。
两者均可表示“首次；第一次”，但用法并不相同。 for the first time指平生第一 次做某事或某段时间之内第一次做某事，在句中通常单独作状语； the first time指做某事的次数，可引导状语从句和表语从句。如：
He saw Naples for the first time.他首次见到了那不勒斯。
Did you believe his story the first time he told you 他第一次告诉你他的经历时你相信吗？
That was the first time I had left Guilin. 那是我第一次离开桂林。
2、at all
（1）at all常用于否定句、疑问句和条件从句中以加强句子的语气，但在不同的句式中表示不同的意思。用于否定句，意思是“丝毫；根本”；用于疑问句，意思是“到底；究竟”；用于if条件句，意思是“既然；即使”。如
They didn' t go there at all.他们根本没去过那地方。
Do it well if you do it at all.要做就要做得好。
Have you read any of the book at all 那本书你到底有没有读一点？
(2)at all有时也用于肯定句,但往往含有否定的意味.如:I'm surprised you came as all.想不到你还是来了.(原以为不会来)
3、at home
（1）at home在此表示“舒适；无拘束”，常与 be，feel或 make等动词连用。如：
Please sit down and make yourself at home.请坐下别拘束。
She always felt at home in the old hotel. 她住在那老旅馆总觉得舒适自在。
(2)at home还可表示“在家；在国内”，或表示“精通；熟悉”，常与 in，on或 with等介词连用。如：
Are your parents at home？你的父母在家吗？
She is at home in modem music.她精通现代音乐。
3、orget to do sth.或 forget doing sth.的区别
前者表示“别忘了要做某事”，to do sth 指尚未发生的动作；后者表示“忘记了曾经做过的事情”，doing sth．表示已发生的动作。如：
Don't forget to shake the bottle before use.吃药前别忘了摇瓶子。
I'll never forget hearing her singing that song.我再也不会忘记听她唱那支歌的情景
4、on one’s wsy
on one’s wsy表示“在……路上”，后面可接表示地点的副词；接名词时，与to连用。如：
on his way home／there在他回家／到那里的路上
on my wsy to school／to Guilin在我上学／去桂林的路上
5、in total
in total= in all，均表示“总共”。如：
That will cost you $ 500 in total/in all.
How much is it in all/in total
6、one' s mother tongue
one' s mother tongue = one' s native language意思是“母语；本族语”。如：
Chinese is my mother tongue/native language.
7、the numher of与 a number of 区别
后面均接复数名词，但它们的意思及用法均不相同。
1）the number of表示“……的数量”，后接复数名词作主语时，谓语用单数；
2）a number of＝ numbers of，意思是“很多的；好些”，表了程度，可以在 number之前加 large，great或 small之类的修饰同，该短语修饰主语时，谓语用复数。如：
The number of the students has increased a lot since 1995．
自从 1995年以来学生的人数增加了很多。
The number of the workers in our factory is greater than that in theirs.
我们厂工人的人数要比他们厂多。
There are a small number of children in the park.
A great number of people have seen the film. 有很多的人看过这部电影。
8、except与 except for 的区别。
(1)表示从同类别事物的整数中除去苦干，用 except或 except for均可。如：
Except (for) Tom, we all went to the park.
除了汤姆外，我们都去了公园。（We与Tom同属人类）
(2)先后指的两件事物不同类别，或性质不同，用 except for。如；
The room is empty except for a broken chair .
除了一张坏椅子外，房里是空的。（chair与 the room性质不同）
（3）表示某人或某事物在总体上是好的，只是其中的某个细节或某个环节不尽人 意，一般用except for。如：
The story is good except for the ending.除结尾外，这个故事很好。
(4)except后面可接介间短语、副词、带to或不带to的动词不定式以及由that，when或 where引导的从句， except for不能这样用。如：
He takes no orders except from the king.他只接受国王一个人的命令。（后接介词短语）
Mary did nothing except clean the dishes.
玛丽除了洗盘子外,什么事都没做。（except前面有do，后接不带to的动词不定式）
9、there you are 行了.好了.
这是一句表示一种事情告一段落或有了最终结果的用语.还可以表示\"瞧!\"\"对吧(果然如此)!\"等语气.
There you are!Then let s have some coffee. 好了,那我们来点咖啡吧.
There you are!I knew we should find iot at last. 对吧!我就知道我们一定能找到的
10、Make up 1. 补足 2. 编造 3. 组成
The whole story is made up. 整个故事完全是虚构出来的。
The medical team was made up of twelve doctors. 医疗队由十二名医生组成。
11、stay up
(1) stay up的意思是“熬夜；通宵不睡”。如：
I'm all right. I stayed up late last night.我没事，我只是昨天晚上睡晚了。
He stayed up all night.他通宵不睡。
(2) stay up后接动词时，若该动词的动作指目的，用不定式结构；指伴随动作，用动词
的-ing形式作伴随状语。如：
He insisted on staying up to nurse the patient .
他坚持不睡，来照看病人。（to nurse the patient 作目的状语）
Mary stayed up reading until midnight.玛丽看书一直看到深夜才睡。（ reading作伴随状语）
12、end（up） with
end（up） with的意思是“以……结束”。如：
She ended her letter with good wishes to the family 在信尾她祝全家好。
We ended the dinner up with fruit and coffee. 我们最后吃水果喝咖啡结束了宴会
13、act ... out
1). 把...表演出来
2). 把...付诸行动
We roared when Mary acted out the episode.
当玛丽绘声绘色地描述那件事时,我们哄然大笑起来。
They are determined to act out their ideal. 她们决心把自己的理想变成行动。
14、end up with 以...为结局;结果会...
It is not right to laugh at the disabled.Maybe some day you will end up with disabilities. 嘲笑残疾人是不对的.也许有一天你也会成为有残疾的人.
15、more or less 或多或少,有点儿;大约
His explanation was more or less helpful. 他的解释多少有些帮助。
· 重点句型解析 ·
“介词with十名词或代词十动词的分词形式”构成的复合结构在句中通常作状语，表示背景情况、行为方式、原因或条件等。
（l）在这一结构中，如果分词表示的动作是由前面的名词或代词发出的，该分词用现在分词形式。如：
With the old man leading, they started toward the mountain.
在老人的带领下他们动身往山里走去。
She ran and ran with beads of sweat running down her face.她不停地跑，汗珠顺着脸留下来。（2）如果分词表示的动作不是前面的名词发出的,该分词用过去分词形式。如：
She was thinking for a while with her eyes shut.她闭着眼睛思考片刻。
（3）“介词 with十名词或代词十介词短语或形容词”也可起相同的作用。如：
The teacher came in with a book in his hand. 老师手里拿着书走了进来。
· 同步练习 ·
1. In the year _____, his father also died of cancer.
A. followed B. following C. was followed D. that followed
2. _______ that you found the injured boy In the wooden house.
A. Where did it B. Where it is C. Where was it D. Where
3. It’s already 7:20. Tom rushed _________ to school.
A.in the way B. all the way C. by the way D. in a way
4. You must be very tired after doing the walking, _______
A. mustn’t you B. needn’t youC. aren’t you D. weren’t you
5. Look, ________!
A. here Mr Smith comes B. here is coming Mr Smith
C. here comes Mr Smith D. her Mr Smith is coming
6. It was for the first time _____ he went to America in 1995.
A. when B. that C. what D. while
7. Are you clear ______ the homework
A. to B. about C. on D. with
8. –Look, the light is still on. --Oh, I forgot ____ when I left.
A. to turn it off B. to turn it on C. turning it off D. to turn off it
9. Will you _____ this dictionary to Mr Smith when you go to visit his tomorrow
A. bring B. take C. fetch D. carry
10. The streets here are much wider than _____ in that town.
A. ones B. them C. those D. they
答案与解析:
1. D that followed 为定语从句，In the year that followed = In the following year。
2. C 强调句型的特殊疑问形式。
3. B all the way 一路上 in the way 挡道 by the way在途中, 顺便 in a way在某种程度上
4. C在反意疑问句中情态动词表推测按不推测来办。
5. B 瞬间动词进行时表将来。
6. B 本句为强调句型。
7. C clear about 明白
8 A 关灯用turn off, 代词it要放在副词off前面。
9. B take表示向其他方向运动, 把人或物 “带走”、“拿走”到别处。Bring表示向说话人的方向运动，从别处把人或物“拿来”、“带来”。Carry不表示方向，意为“携带，拿、提、扛”，有负重的含义。Fetch“取”，指来回，往返，专程到别处去把某物或某人“带来”。
10 C 在比较级句型中, 通常用指示代词。单数用that， 复数用those。
.课外读物.
The Mountain in Labor山震
A MOUNTAIN was once greatly agitated. Loud groans and noises were heard, and crowds of people came from all parts to see what was the matter. While they were assembled in anxious expectation of some terrible calamity, out came a Mouse.
Don't make much ado about nothing.
有一次，一座大山发生了大震动，震动发出的声音就像大声的呻吟和喧闹。许多人云集 在山下观看，不知发生了什么事。当他们焦急地聚集在那里，担心看到什么不祥之兆时，仅 看见从山里跑出一只老鼠。
这是说庸人多自忧。
The Ass, the Fox, and the Lion驴子、狐狸与狮子
THE ASS and the Fox, having entered into partnership together for their mutual protection, went out into the forest to hunt. They had not proceeded far when they met a Lion. The Fox, seeing imminent danger, approached the Lion and promised to contrive for him the capture of the Ass if the Lion would pledge his word not to harm the Fox. Then, upon assuring the Ass that he would not be injured, the Fox led him to a deep pit and arranged that he should fall into it. The Lion, seeing that the Ass was secured, immediately clutched the Fox, and attacked the Ass at his leisure.
驴子与狐狸俩合伙去打猎。他们突然遇见了狮子，狐狸见大事不妙，立即跑到狮子面 前，许诺把驴子交给他，只要自己免于危险。狮子答应可以，狐狸便引诱驴子掉进了一个陷 阱里。狮子见驴子已不能再逃跑，便立即先抓住狐狸吃了，然后再去吃驴子。
这是说，那些出卖朋友，背叛友谊的人也得不到好下场。
Unit 3
Going Places
· 英语小窍门 ·
经典广告语
1.The Relentless Pursuit of Perfection.(Lexus) 追求完美永无止境。（凌志汽车）
2.Communication unlimited.(Motorola) 沟通无极限。（摩托罗拉）
3.Feast your eyes.（Pond’s Cucumber Eye Treatment）
滋润心灵的窗户。（庞氏眼贴片）
4.Focus on life.(Olympus) 瞄准生活。（奥林巴斯）
5.Behind that healthy smile,there ’s a Crest kid.(Crest toothpaste)
健康笑容来自佳洁士。（佳洁士牙膏）
6.Good to the last drop． 滴滴香浓，意犹未尽。（麦斯威尔咖啡）
7.Obey your thirst． 服从你的渴望。（雪碧）
8.The new digital era． 数码新时代。（索尼影碟机）
9.We lead． others copy． 我们领先，他人仿效。（理光复印机）
10.Impossible made possible． 使不可能变为可能。（佳能打印机）
11.Take time to indulge． 尽情享受吧！（雀巢冰激凌）
· 重点词汇解析 ·
1、consider vt. 考虑；照顾；认为
（1）consider考虑到
Before you decide to leave your job, consider the effect it will have on your family.
你在决定辞职以前，应考虑到这会对你的家庭造成的影响。
（2）consider doing sth. 考虑做……
I'm considering changing my job. 我在考虑转换工作。
（3）consider＋疑问词＋不定式考虑……
He is considering when to go to the South. 他在考虑什么时候去南方。
（4）consider＋n.＋（to be）＋adj.认为……
Do you consider her（to be）suitable for the job 你认为她做这个工作合适吗？
（5）consider＋n.＋to do sth. 认为……
He is considered to have invented the computer.人们认为他发明了电脑。
（6）consider it＋adj. /n.＋to do 认为……
I consider it important to have a good knowledge of English. 我认为掌握好英语很重要。
2、means n.手段；方法
The quickest means of travel is by plane. 最快的交通工具是飞机。
All the possible means have been tried. 已采取了所有的手段。
注意：means单复数同形，由句意判断means的单数、复数形式。
搭配by means of 应用；使用
We expressed our thoughts by means of words. 我们用词句来表达思想。
They made their fortune by means of working hard.他们靠勤劳发家致富。
3、experience vt. 体验；经历 n. 经验；体验；经历
I experienced great difficulty in getting a visa to leave the country.
我申请出国签证经历了很大的困难。
Our country has experienced great changes in the last 30 years.
在过去三十年里，我们国家经历了巨大的变化。
注意：1）作“经验”讲，experience是不可数名词
How many years' experience do you have of teaching English 你教英语有多少年（经验）？
2）作“经历”讲，experience是可数名词
Our journey by camel was quite an experience. 我们骑骆驼旅行真是一次难忘的经历。
4、simply adv. 简单地；简易地；朴素地；清楚地；仅仅；只不过
On her small income they live very simply.他们靠微薄的收入过着非常简朴的生活。
I don't like driving, I do it simply because I have to get to work each day.
我不喜欢开车，而我之所以开车只是因为我每天必须到工作地点上班。
5、vacation n. 假期；休假
They're in Florida on vacation.他们正佛罗里达度假。
The library is closed during the college vacation.学院放假期间，图书馆不开放。
vacation / holiday / leave
vacation 假期，休假 常不用复数
holiday 假日 可以说a holiday 或holidays
leave 指雇员有理由而获准的假期
1）We're going to France during the summer holidays（vacation）.暑假期间我们将去法国。
2）on holiday（=on vacation）度假
3）take a holiday（= take a vacation）休假
4）ask for sick leave 请病假
6、tip n.（c）有用的意见；劝告；告诫；小费
The manual is full of useful tips.这本手册里有很多实用的小建议。
Take my tip and keep well away from that place.听我的劝告，离那个地方远远的。
Shall I leave a tip for the taxi driver 我要给出租司机留点小费吗？
7、watch out （for）注意；留心
Watch out! There is a car coming.小心！汽车来了。
Watch out for the hole in the road.留神路上的那个坑。
The staff were asked to watch out for forged banknotes.已经要求职员留意伪钞。
8、normal n. 常态；正常；标准
adj. 正常的；正规的；标准的
the normal temperature of the human body 人们的正常温度
the normal time (place / method/ position) 通常的时间（地点/方法/位置）
normal behaviour (thinking/ views) 正常的行为（思想/观点）
9、handle vt. 操作；处理 n.柄；把手
An officer must know how to handle his men.当军官的应懂得怎样统率士兵。
Wash your hands before you handle food.洗完手再拿食物。
This port handles 100 million tons of cargo each year.这个港口每年货物吞吐量达1亿吨。
10、separate adj. 单独的；各自的；分开的 vt.分开；隔离
The children sleep in separate beds.孩子们睡在各自的床上。
We are good friends and can't be separated.我们是好朋友，因此是拆不散的。
The friends separated at the crossroads.朋友们在十字路口分手了。
注意：
(be) separate from sth /sb 同某事（人）分开
separate sb /sth from sb /sth 把某人（事）同某人（事）分开
separate sth (up)(into sth) 把……分成
Violent prisoners are kept separate from the others. 有暴力行为的囚犯隔离囚禁。
The branch has separated from the trunk of the tree. 这个树枝已从树干上脱落。
The patient should be separated from the others. 这个病人应该隔离。
11、combine v.（使）联合；（使）结合
combine A and B 结合 A 、B
combine A with B 使A 、B 结合一体
We cant' always combine work with pleasure.我们不能永远在工作中享受乐趣。
Combine the eggs with a little flour and heat the mixture gently.
把鸡蛋和少量面粉调匀，用文火加热。
· 重点短语解析 ·
1、 come up with
1）. 赶上
2）. (针对问题等)想出;提供
We came up with a group of tourists. 我们赶上了一群旅游者。
2、pay attention to 关心;注意
You should pay attention to your spelling. 你要注意拼写。
2、 go off
1）. 响起 2） 变质 3）. 入睡 4）. 进行
The alarm went off. 警铃骤然响起。
This milk has gone off. 牛奶变坏了。
3、get..to do 让...做,四个\"使\"动词中唯一用to do做补语的,很值得关注.
I got him to stay for the night. 我说服他留下过夜。
4、the other the other+单数名词,表示两个当中的另外一个
the other students 所有其余的同学;
another student 另一个同学(总数在三个以上);
other students 其余同学(泛指)
5、agree with
1）. 同意某人(观点,说的话等) 2）. 适合;相宜 3）. 和...一致(相符)
agree to 同意计划,建议等;
agree on(about) 在...问题上意见一致
I don t agree with Phil on many things. 我和菲尔在许多事情上意见不一致。
This bill does not agree with your original estimate. 这张帐单与你当初的估计不符。
6、see sb. off 给某人送行
Tomorrow I will see my friend off at the railway station.明天我到火车站给朋友送行。
7、on the other hand 另一方面（用以引出相互矛盾的观点、意见等。
on the one hand …… on the other hand一方面……另一方面
I know this job of mine isn't well paid, but on the other hand I don't have to work long hours.
我知道这份工作报酬不高，但从另一方面来说，我也不必工作太长时间。
8、as well as sb (sth)而且
He is a talented musician as well as being a photographer.
她不但是摄影师还是个天才的音乐家。
9、get away（from） 逃离
The thieves got away from the shop with all our money.小偷带着我们所有的钱从商店逃跑了。
I caught a really big fish but it got away.我钓到了一条好大的鱼，可是它逃掉了。
· 重点句型解析 ·
1、How would you like to go to the following places, by boat, by air orby bus
你愿意以什么方式到下面的位置，坐船，乘飞机或坐公共汽车？
1）how意为“in what way or by what means”，又如：
How can I get to Cambridge 请告诉我到剑桥该怎么走？
2）by boat (by air, by bus)等短语中，不能加冠词，若加冠词，则常用in aboat（a plane）, on a bus。表“乘坐”的动词是take，如：take a boat (bus, taxi…)，但“登机”常用board。
2、Instead of spending your vacation on a bus, in a hotel or sitting on the beach, you may want to try hiking.你可能想远足，而不是在公共汽车上，在旅馆里或在海滨度过你的假期。
1）instead of 为介词短语，意为“作为某人（事物）的替换”。
① Let's play cards instead of watching television.咱们玩纸牌吧，别看电视了。
②We sometimes eat rice instead of potatoes.我们有时候吃大米，不吃土豆。
instead adv. 代替；更换
It will take days by car, so let's fly instead.（=It will take days by car, so let's fly instead of by car.）开车去要好几天呢，咱们还是坐飞机去吧。
3、Eco-tourists want to learn about the world so that they can make it better, or at least understand it better. 生态游客想了解世界以使世界变得更好或至少能较好地理解它。
（1）so that引导目的状语从句，从句中的谓语动词前常带may, might, can, could 等情态动词。
We started early so that we could catch the early bus.我们起早，为了能够赶上早班车。
（2）at least（表程度）至少；起码；无论如何；不管怎样；反正（表数量）至少（not less than）
The food wasn't good, but at least it was cheap.这些食品不怎么好，但起码是很便宜的。
He left last Tuesday-at least, I think.上星期二他离开了，起码我认为他已经走。
It costs at least ￡5. 它至少值五英镑。
· 语法精讲 ·
现在进行时表将来的动作
现在进行时表将来的动作，谓语通常为瞬间动词。如：come, go, arrive, leave, start, return, stay, meet, get等。这些动词的进行时后不能再接具体的时间。
（1）用现在进行时表示将来，指的是近期的，按计划或安排要发生的动作。
（2）现在进行时表示将来与表示正在进行的动作的区别在于：前者通常用瞬间动词（有时一些常用动词也可以这样用如：do）如：go, come, start, return, get, arrive等。而后者通常是持续性动词。
He is reading a novel. 他在看小说。
The train is arriving soon. 火车就要进站了。
（3）用现在进行时表示将来的时间，在句中或上下文中通常有表示将来时间的状语。
（4）现在进行时与一般现在时表示将来动作的区别在于：前者表示的将来的动作往往是可以改变的，而后者则是根据规定或时间表预计要发生的动作或事情，因此往往是不可改变或不可随便改变的。
What are you doing next Friday 下星期五你们打算干什么？
The plane takes off at 7︰30 tonight.飞机今晚七点半起飞。
· 同步练习 ·
1. The volleyball match will be put off if it _________.
A. will rain B. rains C. rained D. is raining
2. I don’t really work here. I _____ until the new secretary arrives.
A. just help out B. Have just helped out C. am just helping out D. will just help out
3. Dear mother, I ______ to hear from you soon.
A. hope B. am hoping C. hoping D. have hoped
4. I’ll call on some of my old teachers while I ______ in Guiyang .
A. stay B. will stay C. would stay D. am staying
5. Every time I come into his room, he ______ the same book.
A. read B. was reading C. readed D. is reading
6. –Have you decided when o leave for Shanghai
-- Yes, we ______ on Friday.
A. leave B. am leaving C. have left D. left
7. We _____ at the school gate at seven. Be there in time.
A. have met B. are met C. are to meet D. will be to meet
8. People from the United States _____ closer than people from Britain when they _______.
A. are standing; are talking B. stand; are talking
C. stood; talked D. are standing; talk
9. I was just _____ to leave _____ someone knocked at the door.
A. going; while B. ready; at the same time C. glad; since D. about ; when
10. –I’m going to the States.
-How long _____ you _____ there
A. are; stayed B. are; staying C. have; stayed D. did; stay
答案与解析：
1．B 主句用一般将来时，条件状语从句通常用一般现在时，若在rain 后加上时间状语，
如until 10 或before 10，从句就须用现在进行时表示将来时间或进行的动作。
2．C 从前句句意判断，后一句的意思是“我正在这儿帮忙直到新秘书来”。
3．B 从句意分析，可只说话人在给妈妈写信，用现在进行时表示盼望家信的急切心情。
4．D while 引导的时间状语从句，表示“在一段时间内”，其谓语动词是延续性动作，用进行时。用现在进行时表示将来时间在进行的动作。
5．D 前文表示“每当我走进教室的那一刻”暗示后文“正在干什么”。
6．B leave进行时表将来。
7. C be + to do sth. 表按计划安排要去做的事。
8．B when 引导的从句中，背景动作用进行时。
9．D be about to do sth … when 表最近的将来要去做的事情。
10．B 表按计划将发生的动作，用进行时。
· 课外阅读 ·
The Charcoal-Burner and the Fuller
A CHARCOAL-BURNER carried on his trade in his own house. One day he met a friend, a Fuller, and entreated him to come and live with him, saying that they should be far better neighbors and that their housekeeping expenses would be lessened. The Fuller replied, "The arrangement is impossible as far as I am concerned, for whatever I should whiten, you would immediately blacken again with your charcoal."
Like will draw like.
烧炭人与漂布人
烧炭人在一所房子里干活，看见有一个漂布人搬迁到他的旁边来住时，满怀高兴地走上 去劝他与自己同住，并解释说这样彼此更亲密，更方便，还更省钱。漂布人却回答说：“也 许你说的是真话，但完全不可能办到，因为凡我所漂白的，都将被你弄黑。”
这故事说明，不同类的人难相处。
The Father and His Sons
A FATHER had a family of sons who were perpetually quarreling among themselves. When he failed to heal their disputes by his exhortations, he determined to give them a practical illustration of the evils of disunion; and for this purpose he one day told them to bring him a bundle of sticks. When they had done so, he placed the faggot into the hands of each of them in succession, and ordered them to break it in pieces. They tried with all their strength, and were not able to do it. He next opened the faggot, took the sticks separately, one by one, and again put them into his sons' hands, upon which they broke them easily. He then addressed them in these words: "My sons, if you are of one mind, and unite to assist each other, you will be as this faggot, uninjured by all the attempts of your enemies; but if you are divided among yourselves , you will be broken as easily as these sticks."
父亲与争吵的儿子们
有个父亲的儿子们常常互相争斗不休。他多次语重心长地劝说他们，尽管他苦口婆心， 仍无济于事。他认为应该用事实来教育他们，便叫儿子们去拿一捆木棒来。木棒拿来后，他 先把整捆木棒交给他们，叫他们折断。儿子们一个个竭尽了全力都无法将它折断。随后他解 开了那捆木棒，给他们每人一根。他们都毫不费力地将木棒折为两段。这时，父亲说：“孩 子们，你们要像木棒一样，团结一致，齐心协力，就不会被敌人征服；可你们互相争斗不 休，便很容易被敌人打垮。”
这故事说明，团结就是不可征服的力量，而内讧却只能耗损自己。
Unit 4
Unforgettable experiences
· 英语小窍门 ·
经典广告语
1.Poetry in motion, dancing close to me． 动态的诗，向我舞近。（丰田汽车）
2.Come to where the flavour is． marlboro country．
光临风韵之境——万宝路世界。（万宝路香烟）
3.Just do it. 只管去做。（耐克运动鞋）
4.Ask for more. 渴望无限。（百事流行鞋）
5.The taste is great. 味道好极了。（雀巢咖啡）
6.Feel the new space. 感受新境界。（三星电子）
7.Iintelligence everywhere. 智慧演绎，无处不在。（摩托罗拉手机）
8.The choice of a new generation. 新一代的选择。（百事可乐）
9.We integrate, you communicate. 我们集大成，您超越自我。（三菱电工）
10.Take Toshiba, take the world. 拥有东芝，拥有世界。（东芝电子）
11.No business too small, no problem too big.
....没有不做的小生意，没有解决不了的大问题。 （ibm公司）
· 重点词汇解析 ·
1. beat, hit, strike 和knock
1) beat指用力地打，痛打，跳动， 还可以表示“打败”， 如：
The landlord beat the farmhand heavily. 地主毒打长工。
The Iraq army was beaten. 伊拉克军队被打败了。
2）hit打击，袭击，打中，如：
An earthquake hit the district. 这地区受到地震的袭击。
One of the stones hit the window.有一块石头打中了窗户。
3）strike通常指一下一下地打或敲击，留下印记等，如：
Strike while the iron is hot. 趁热打铁。
The clock is striking 12. 钟在敲12点。
4）knock指敲打并伴有响声。它还有“打倒、打翻”的意思，如：
Someone is knocking at the door. 有人敲门。
He knocked the girl down. 他把这女孩撞倒了。
2. save, rescue
1) save意为“救、挽救”， 是普通而含义广泛的用语，指通过救援不但使受害者（或物）能脱离危险或祸患，而且使其能保存下来，继续得到安全享受幸福等，有时可与rescue通用，如：
They fought bravely and saved the country.他们勇敢作战，拯救了国家。
The doctors finally saved the SARS patients' lives. 医生最后救了SARS病人的命。
2）rescue常与from 连用，意为“救，营救”，它多指在直接的危险或祸患中给予迅速的救援，一般指救人。也表示从监狱中救出的意思，而save则无此意。
3. create, invent, discover和find out
1）create强调由无到有，既可创造具体的东西，也可创造抽象的东西，如：
The wealth of society is created by the laboring people. 社会的财富是劳动人民创造的。
2）invent指运用想象能力，制造出新事物，如：
Bell invented the telephone. 贝尔发明了电话。
3）discover指发现了原来存在，但尚未被人挖掘或认识的事物，如：
Columbus discovered America in 1492. 哥伦布在1492年发现了美洲。
4）find out指经过努力“把……搞清楚”,后面多接无形的东西,如:
We will find out when the class meeting will take place. 我们将弄清楚班会什么时候召开。
4. catch，seize和take
1)catch较普通常用，表示“抓住”或“发觉”某种难以捉摸、不易抓获的东西，常有主动追寻且用计谋诱捕之意。
The police caught the thief as he ran.小偷逃跑时被警察抓住了。
2）seize指突然地、迅速地用力“抓住”，又表示夺取权、抓住时间等，如：
In the fight she seized his arm.
3)take 最普通、常用。可作“拿、抢”，有不可被seize替换的习惯表达，如：
They took control of the business from the others.他们接管了那家企业。
5.unforgettable 难忘的
1) un-为否定前缀, 如unlike不像 unimportant不重要 unhappy不高兴 unhealthy不健康的 unfriendly不友好的 unlucky运气不好的 unfit不适合的 unfamiliar不熟悉的 unfair不公平的 unexpected出乎意料的
2) -able 为后缀 “可…….的”, 如acceptable 可接受的/noticeable 注意得到的
6. finally “最后” 两个用法：
一是在列举事物或论点时，用来引出最后一项内容；
二是在句中动词前面，表示“等了好久才……”。如：
We waited and waited, and the train finally arrived.我们等了又等，火车终于来了。
注意：1）at last 也可用来表示“等候或耽误了很多时间后才……”，语气比较强烈。如：
At last the work was done and he could rest.最后，工作完成了，他可以休息了。
2）In the end 表示经过许多变化、困难和捉摸不定的情况后，某事才发生。它相当于at last，
7. advance
1）v.前进；进展move forward or develop。例如：
The solders advanced on the enemy. 士兵们向敌人进发。
2）n. 前进；进展 forward movement or development. 例如：
You cannot stop the advance of old age. 你不能阻止年龄老化的步伐。
3）In advance“提前” advanced 是形容词，解释“高级的；先进的”。如
advanced education高等教育
8. seize vt, vi
1）（常与of连用）依法没收；扣押；查封
If you don't pay your debt, your property will be seized. 如果你不还债, 你的财产将被扣押。
2）（常与on, upon连用）夺取；强占
The army seized the fort. 军队占领了这个要塞。
The class which seizes the political power will be the ruling class.
哪个阶级夺取了政权就成为统治阶级。
3）（常与on, upon连用）抓住；掠住
The bird seized an unusually big beetle and bore it off to its nest.
那只鸟抓住一只特别大的甲虫把它带进窝。
4）侵袭，占有（身体）；支配，把握（情绪）
He was seized with pain. 他为痛苦所困。
5）明白, 理解 I can't quite seize your meaning. 我不太理解你的意思。
9. swallow vt, vi
1）吞下，咽下
She swallowed some milk. 她咽下几口牛奶。
2）忍受；容忍；轻信
She swallowed her displeasure and smiled.她抑制不快, 强作笑容。
3）swallow up 吞下去; 卷进去; 耗尽; 销售一空
She was swallowed up by the crowd. 她被人群吞没了。
10. fright n受惊；惊骇to die of fright 因惊骇致死
The loud thunder gave me a fright. 这声响雷吓了我一大跳。
1) 吓唬；使惊惧
He was frightened of the fierce dog. 他让这只凶猛的狗吓怕了。
2)（常与away, off, out of, into连用）吓走
He frightened off his attacker by calling for the police. 她呼叫警察把袭击者吓走了。
3）scare 在口语中的含义与frighten相同，可以通用；但是在文学作品中，用词准确的作家总是把它用于表示把某人“吓跑”
The dog scared the thief away. 那只狗把小偷吓跑了。
11.shake vt. vi.
1) 摇动，晃 动；挥动，舞动；震动
2) 挥去；摇落，抖掉 to shake leaves from a tree 把树叶从树上摇落
3) 握手 The two men shook hands. 两人握手。
4) 逃脱，摆脱 Try to shake him off. 试图摆脱他。
12. drag vt, vi
1) 拖；拉；曳 The horse was dragging a heavy load. 马拖曳着重载。
2)勉强地捱；磨蹭着走 to walk with dragging feet
3)打捞；拖捞 They dragged the river for the missing child. 他们在河里打捞失踪的孩子。
13. pull vt, vi
1) 拉；拖；牵 to pull the door open 把门拉开
A horse pulled the cart along the road. 一匹马拉着大车沿着大路走。
2)搬开；易拉动；扳动；扣 "To fire the gun, pull the trigger."要开枪就扣动板机。
3)伸展；用力拉而弄伤 He pulled the muscles in the leg. 他把腿部肌肉拉伤了。
4)脱掉；拔掉 That tooth should be pulled out. 那颗牙齿应该拔掉。
5) 吸引；招徕 The football match pulled in great crowds. 足球赛吸引了大批观众。
注意：pull ,draw, drag 比较
1）pull为通用词。常伴有状语表示拖的方向
A small fishing-boat was carried miles out to sea by a powerful fish as it pulled on the line.
一条小渔般被一条力气强大的鱼拖着鱼线带数英里以外的海上去了。
2）draw通常表示“向前方拖”，或“向施加力的人或物的方向拖或拉”，并且包含着“比较轻易地或平滑地运动”
3）If a train entered this tunnel, it would draw in fresh air behind it.
如果火车开进这条隧道，它会抽进新鲜冷空气。
4）drag的含义是“慢慢地而沉重的拽”，而且包含着被拖者进行着积极的或消极的阻抗或阻力
When he had killed the guard, the prisoner of war quickly dragged him into the bushes.
战俘杀死卫兵后，很快把他拖进矮树丛中。
14. destroy vt. vt.
1) 毁坏, 破坏 指“剧烈地破坏”、“使之不存在”或“使之失去效能”, 如:
The enemy destroyed the city.敌人破坏了这座城市。
2) 打破(希望, 计划), 使失败
The heavy rain destroyed all hope of a picnic. 大雨打破了野餐的一切希望。
15. strike vt. vi. n.
1) 打；击 He struck me with a stick. 他用棍子打我。
2) 使突然成为；使出其不意地成为 I was struck all of a heap. 我大吃一惊。
3) 打火；划火柴 The poor girl struck a match to warm herself.
这可怜的小女孩扠亮了一根火柴取暖。
4）有强烈的感受；造 成深刻的印象
How does the idea strike you 你感觉那主意怎么样？
5）突然想到； 猛然悟到 An idea suddenly struck me. 我心中忽然产生一个念头。
6）罢工 The workers were striking because they wanted more money.
工人们在罢工，因为他们要求增加工资。
16. fear 不管用作名词还是动词，基本上有两个含义，即“怕”或“担心”
1) 害怕，恐惧 He was shaking with fear. 他害怕得直发抖。
2) 担心；顾虑 There is no fear of his getting any injury.他不会受伤的。
3）vt, vi 惧怕，害怕, 担忧 I fear that they must have set off. 我怕他们已经动身了。
· 重点词组解析 ·
1．on fire着火The house is on fire.
注意与fire相关的搭配：
sb．set fire to sth. 某人点火到……上
sb．set sth. on fire 某人点着了……
sth. catch fire 某东西着火了
sth. be on fire 某东西着火了
2. a mass of/ masses of 许多；大量， 既可修饰可数名词，也可修饰不可数名词，如：
A great mass of rock had fallen from the cliff and now blocked the road.
一大堆岩石从悬崖上摔下来，堵塞了道路。
3. take place 发生
take one’s place 入座、站好位置、取得地位
take sb’s place 或take the place of sb / sth代替、取代
The Olympic Games take place / are held every four years.
3. get on one’s feet
1）站起来;站起来发言
2）(=stand on one's feet)自立, 经济上独立
3）(人)病好了, 可以起床了; (使)恢复, 复苏(指企业)
4. go through
1) 经历；经受；遭到 These countries have gone / been through too many wars.这些国家饱经战火。
2) 完成；做完 I didn't want to go through college.我不想上完大学。
3）通过；批准 The law has gone through Parliament. 议会已经通过了这项法案。
4）全面检查；搜查
They went through our luggage at the customs.在海关他们检查了我们的行李。
5. on holiday
1）在度假，在休假中
When I was on holiday, I visited my uncle. 我在度假的时候去看望了叔叔。
2）holiday(holidays)一般指“休假”
Tom and I are going to have a holiday. 我和汤姆准备去度假。
注意：have a (或one's)holiday 度假，during a holiday 在一次假期中。这种用法的holiday 总用单数形式，但并不只是“一天”假。 复数形式的holidays 泛指“假日”，如summer holidays 暑假。但“Sunday is a holiday ”中的holiday 却是“一天”的假。
· 重点句型解析 ·
1. Before she could move , she heard a great noise, which grew to a terrible roar.她还没来得及跑，就听到一个巨大的声音逐渐变成可怕的轰鸣声。
1）Before引导的状语从句常常意为“在．．．．．．之前”或“还没来得及”。
However, before she could think twice, the water was upon her.
然而，她还没来得及再思考，水已经到了她跟前。
Before they reached the house，a new great wave came，sweeping down the trees，and
sweeping them down too.
他们还没到屋子，又一个巨浪打来，冲倒了树，也冲倒了他们。
2. Tree after tree went own, cut down by the water, which must have been three metres deep.一棵又一棵的树被水冲倒、冲断。那水肯定有三米深。
“must have + 过去分词”表示对已发生事情的猜测。在英语中，must，may，can三个情态动词可用来表示对事情的猜测。Must意为“肯定”，语气很有把握；may意为“可能”、“也许”，语气把握性不大。两者常用在肯定句中。Can意为“肯定”、“也许”，常用在否定句或疑问句中。Must，may，can三者用于表示猜测时，其后面可跟三种不同的动词形式：
①跟动词原形表示对现在事情的猜测；
②跟be doing表示对正在发生事情的猜测；3）跟have done表示对已经发生的事情的猜测。Helen is Lucy’s good friend. She must know Lucy’s e-mail.
海伦是露茜的好朋友。她肯定知道露茜的电子邮件。
We can hear loud voices in the meeting room. They must be quarrelling.
我们可以听到会议室很吵。他们肯定在吵架。
· 语法精讲 ·
定语从句
1、定义：在复合句中，修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫做定语从句。被定语从句所修饰的名词或代词叫先行词。定语从句一般放在先行词的后面。引导定语从句的词有关系代词that, which, who ( 宾格whom,所有格whose)和关系副词where, when，关系代词或关系副词放在先行词和定语从句之间，起联系作用，同时又作定语从句的一个成份。例如：
The man who lives next to us sells vegetables. 住在我的隔壁的人是卖菜的。 在该句中the man 是先行词，who 是关系代词，引导定语从句who lives next to us.在定语从句中，who 作主语。
2、由关系代词who, whom, which, that引导的限定性定语从句。
1)如果先行词是人，则用关系代词who/that; 如果先行词是物，则用关系代词which/that。
2）关系代词who, whom, which, that既起联系作用，引导定语从句，使之同它句中的某个名词/代词发生关系，同时又充当定语从句的一个成份。（如作从句中的主语或宾语）。当它们在从句中作宾语时，常可以省略。 The boy(who/whom/that)we saw yesterday was John's brother.我们昨天见到的那个男孩是约翰的兄弟。
说明：关系代词whom用来指人，是宾格，常用在书面语中作定语从句的宾语。在口语和非正式文体中，常用who/that来代替whom或省略。
3）当关系代词that或which修饰事物，作介词宾语时，如果介词位于关系代词之前，则用which(不能省)而不用that。
定语从句子总结
· 同步练习 ·
一、单句改错
1. I met the lady in the park which showed us how to cook beancurd.
2. This is the house which he lived when he was a child.
3. They were very poor that they could not send him to school.
4. He has two sons, all of whom are doctors.
5. The watches which was repaired last week have not been sent back.
二、易错题练习:
1. This is the mountain village ______ we visited the other day.
A. which B. in which C. where D. when
2. A child ______ parents are dead is called an orphan.
A. which B. his C. whose D. with
3. Do you know the date _____ Lincoln was born
A. which B. when C. where D. that
4. She thought I was talking about her daughter, _____, in fact, I was talking about mydaughter.
A. whom B. where C. which D. while
5. Tom’s mother kept telling him that he should work harder, but _____ didn't help.
A. he B. which C. she D. it
6. The gentleman _____ you told me yesterday proved to be a thief.
A. who B. about whom C. whom D. with whom
7. John shut everybody out of the kitchen ______ he could prepare his grand surprise for the party.
A. which B. when C. so that D. as if
8. She found her calculator ________ she lost it.
A. where B. when C. in which D. that
答案与解析:
一、
1. which 应为who 或that, 因为这个定语从句所修饰的先行词是 the lady, 不是物。
2. which 应改为where或在 lived后加in, 用where等于in which, 而live为不及物动词。
3. very 应改为so，因为这里是 so…that结构。
4. all 应改为both，因 all只能用来指三者或三者以上的事物或人。
5. was应改为 were。定语从句中关系代词作主语，谓语动词的单复数应与先行词一致，因此which此处指 “The watches”, 故应用复数形式的谓语动词。
二、
1. A 本题先行词the mountain village指的是物，且在从句中作visit的宾语，故用which。
2. C 在定语从句中, 作定语的关系代词应用whose, whose既可指人, 也可指物。
3. B 本句中先行词the date在定语从句中是作时间状语的，故应选when。
4. D 从关键词in fact，可看出前后两个句子形成一种对比，表示的意思是：她认为我在讲她女儿，而实际上我在讲我的女儿。
5. D 本题考查并列句和定语从句的区别。在两个句子中，有but, and, or, so等作并列连词，它们连接两个分句构成并列句。
6. B 因tell sb. of/ about sth“向某人讲述某事”，本题考查“介词+关系代词”引导定语从句。
7. C 本题考查状语从句中关联词的使用，从句意上看，此处应是表示目的的状语从句。
8. A 此题考查连接副词引起一个地点状语从句的用法。注意不能选C。此题没有先行词，只能是一个状语从句。
· 课外阅读 ·
The Boy Hunting Locusts
A BOY was hunting for locusts. He had caught a goodly number, when he saw a Scorpion, and mistaking him for a locust, reached out his hand to take him. The Scorpion, showing his sting, said: If you had but touched me, my friend, you would have lost me, and all your locusts too!"
捉蚱蜢的小男孩
有个小孩在城墙前捉蚱蜢，一会儿就捉了许多。忽然看见一只蝎子，他以为也是蚱蜢， 便着两手去捕捉他。蝎子举起他的毒刺，说道：“来吧，如果你真敢这样做，就连你捉的蚱蜢也会统统失掉。”
这故事告诫人们，要分辨清好人和坏人，区别对待他们。
The Cock and the Jewel
A COCK, scratching for food for himself and his hens, found a precious stone and exclaimed: "If your owner had found thee, and not I, he would have taken thee up, and have set thee in thy first estate; but I have found thee for no purpose. I would rather have one barleycorn than all the jewels in the world."
公鸡和宝玉
一只公鸡在田野里为自己和母鸡们寻找食物。他发现了一块宝玉，便对宝玉说：“若不 是我，而是你的主人找到了你，他会非常珍惜地把你捡起来；但我发现了你却毫无用处。我 与其得到世界上一切宝玉，倒不如得到一颗麦子好。”
这是说自己需要的东西才是真正珍贵的。
Unit 5 The silver screen
· 英语小窍门 ·
英语常用口语
外出旅行时(1)
旅游信息问讯处在哪儿
Where's the tourist information center
能给我一张免费城市地图吗
May I have a free city map
博物馆几点开馆
When does the museum open When does the museum close
能告诉我这座城市有哪些好玩的地方吗
Please tell me about some interesting places in this town.
Is there anything to visit here
您对什么感兴趣
What are your interests What are you interested in
What kind of things are you interested in What do you like
· 重点词汇解析 ·
1. career n.
1)（个人的）事业 He had a very successful career.他的事业很成功。
2)职业 There are many more careers open to women now than 50 years ago.
现在比50年前有更多的职业向妇女开放了。
3)可作定语，表“生平”“生涯” He’s a career teacher; it’s the only job he’s ever
done.他是个职业教师，这是他做过的惟一的一个工作。
2. drama n.
1)剧本He has written a historic drama.他写了一个历史剧。
2)戏剧 (u) She wants to study drama and become an actress.她想学戏剧当一名演员。
3)戏剧性（u），戏剧性的事件
The history of space exploration is an exciting drama.
太空探险的历史是一个激动人心的戏剧性事件。
4)adj. dramatic(有关)戏剧的; 戏剧性的 adv. dramatically戏剧性地 n. dramatist剧作家
3. scene n.
1) 故事/ 事情发生的地方
This is the scene of accident which happened last night.这个故事发生的地方是个村庄。
2) 剧中的布景，场/风景，景象
We missed the first few scenes of the movie.电影的开始几个场景我们没看到。
Taxis and buses are part of the street scenes.出租车和公共汽车是街道的风景。
behind the scenes 到后台，在幕后
come / appear on the scene 出现 on the scene在现场，到现场
4. choice n.选择，选择的人或东西
We each had to make a choice.我们每人都的作出选择。
1)have no choice but to do…不得不做某事
We had no choice but to do what we were asked to do.
我们没有办法，只好做被要求做的事。
2)adj. 精选的，高级的
I bought some choice apples in the market.我昨天在市场上买了些上等的苹果。
5. degree n.
1) 度，级
The summer months has an average temperature of more than 30 degrees centigrade.
夏天平均温度超过30度。
2）程度
He has a high degree of ability.他能力很高。
3）学位
He took his degree in physics at the university last year.他去年在大学里获得了物理
学位。
4)to a ……degree 到……程度, 在……程度上
I agree with you to some degree.在一定程度上我同意你。
6. law n.
1) 法律 作法律统称或作为整体时多加the, 作为学科或指某类法律时常不加冠词
Law and order is necessary for a peaceful society.
法律和秩序对于社会的稳定是很有必要的。
It is against the law to steal. 偷窃是犯法的。
2）n.定律, 规律 Newton’s Law牛顿定律 the laws of nature 自然规律
3)指具体的法律; 规律, 定律, 法则 The laws of grammar语法规则
7. speed
1）n. 速度 with great speed以很快速度 /at top (full, low, safe, high, ordinary)
2)speed以顶尖速度/ 以全速/ 以低速/ 以安全的速度/ 以高速/ 以一般的速度
at a speed of 100 kilometres an hour以每小时100公里的速度
如以某个东西的速度为参照, 则为: at the speed of, 用定冠词。如：
at the speed of sound以光的速度
3）v.快速地前进 过去式sped
He sped down the street. 他沿街快速前进。
The time sped quickly by.时间飞快地过去。
8. win v. 赢得，获得，在……中获胜, 争取到
win a victory获得胜利/ a game/ a match比赛获胜/ a prize获奖 the Oscar/获奥斯卡奖/ the war战争获胜/ praises获表扬/ a hundred pounds获得一百镑/ her respect赢得她的尊敬/ hisfriendship获得他的友谊
He won the first prize for his invention.他获得了发明一等奖。
9.cruelty n. 残酷He was treated with great cruelty.他被很残酷地对待。
1)adj. be cruel to…对某人残忍的
2)It’s cruel of sb to do sth.某人做某事很残忍
It was cruel of the parents to beat the child to death.父母把这孩子打死了真残忍。
10.owe vt.
1） 欠(钱、物、债等)，后面通常接直接宾语和间接宾语，即owe sb sth 或owe sth to sb.
I owe $20 to the tailor. 我欠裁缝二十美圆。
I owed John 60 dollars when I was in Paris.我在巴黎时，欠约翰60美圆。
2）应该……归功于……
I owe it to you that I’m still alive. 我现在还活着，应该感谢你。
If I have improved in any way, I owe it all to my teacher.
如果说我有一些进步，这应该全部归功于我的老师。
3）应当给予…… I owe you many thanks.我非常感谢你。
We should do the duty which we owe to our country.我们应当对国家尽我们应尽的义务。
11.owing to， thanks to， because of的用法区别：
1)because of指原因，意为“因为”，用以指出理由。
We stayed at home. This is because of rain.我们呆在家里，因为下雨。
2)thanks to 即可表达正面意义（亏得，多亏，幸亏），又可表示讽刺意义（近乎反语“感谢”）。
Thanks to your help we were successful. 多亏你的帮助，我们成功了。
3)owing to 由于，应归功于
Owing to our joint efforts, the task was fulfilled ahead of time.
由于我们的共同努力，任务提前完成了。
12. accept 与receive区别
accept 接受，指经过考虑，由主观意志来决定接受，动作者本身是主动的。
receive 接到， 指收到某物这一动作，本身有一定的被动性，不包含本身是否愿意接受的意思。例如：
I received an invitation to the party yesterday, but I refused to accept it.
昨天我收到一份参加晚会的邀请，但我拒不接受。
13. live
1) adj. 现场播出
It isn’t a record programme; it is live.这不是录音节目, 而是现场转播。
2）adj. 活的(多作定语)
I saw a live mouse there. 我看见一只活老鼠在那儿。
3）v. 活着, 住, 生活
Eat to live, bout do not live to eat.吃饭是为了活着，但活着不是为吃饭。
辨析：live表示“活着的”，用于指物，放在名词前，只作定语用；
alive多用于指人，作表语或放在所修饰的词后；living既可指人，也可指物，放在所修饰的名词前，如带短语则放在名词后。
· 重点词组解析 ·
1. take off
1)脱下(衣服等), 解(除)掉 He took off his wet shoes.他脱下了湿鞋子。
2）（飞机）起飞
The plane took off on time. It was a smooth take-off.飞机准时起飞。起飞非常顺利。
3）匆匆离开
The six men got into the car and took off for the park.这六个人上了车，匆匆离开去公园。
2. look up 查询（如宾语为代词，则代词放中间）
Look up the word in the dictionary.在字典里查单词。
相关词组：look for 寻找；look after照顾，照料； look forward to期待；look into调查； look on旁观；look out注意；look out for注意，留心，提防；look over翻阅，查看，检查；look around环视；look through翻阅，查看。
3.think highly/well/much of对……评价很高, 赞赏, 对……印象好
He was highly thought of by the manager.经理对他非常赞赏。
I think well of your suggestion.我觉得你的建议很好。
注意：think badly/nothing/little/lowly of……认为不好, 好……不在意, 不赞成, 觉得……不怎么样
I don’t think much of him as a teacher.我觉得他作为一个老师不怎么样。
4. go wrong v. 走错路, 误入岐途, (机器等)发生故障
5. in all adv. 总共
6. stay away v.外出
7. run after追逐，追求
8. on the air广播
· 重点句型解析 ·
1. What story do you think it’s telling 你认为它讲述的是一个什么故事？
这里的do you think是插入语，还有类似的do you suppose, you know, I suppose, do you believe等。陈述句中，插入语可放在句中、句尾；特殊问句中放在句中，结构为：疑问词+插入语+陈述语序。
Who do you suppose telephoned today 你猜今天谁打电话来了？
What do you think she would feel 你认为她会感到怎么样？
2. While still a student, she played roles in many plays.
当她还是一个学生时，就多次在话剧中扮演角色了。
While still a student 相当于While she was still a student.在英语中有些表示时间、条件、方式或让步等的从句有时可省略一些成分：如果从句的主语和从句的主语一致（或者是从句的主语是it），而且从句谓语中又包含be，那么这个主语和be动词都可以省略。例如：
Don’t talk while (you are) eating.
3. Many people who saw the film were afraid to swim in the sea……
许多看过这部电影的人都不敢在海里游。
afraid 用法说明：
1）害怕人/ 物，如：be afraid of sb / sth
2）不敢做某事，如：be afraid to do sth / of doing sth
He is afraid to go out / of going out alone at night.
3) 担心会发生某事, 如: be afraid of doing sth或be afraid + that clause
He seldom stands on the river bank because he is afraid of falling into the river.
4) 给人不愉快的信息或不赞同某人意见时, 用I’m afraid …, 如:
I’m afraid I’ve got bad news for you.
4. After that it still took seven years before they finally got married.
从那以后过了七年他们才结婚。
before……（以后）才。例如：
It was a long time before I got to sleep last night.昨天夜里过了好久我才睡着。
注意before的特殊用法：
1）不等．．．．．．就，
He went out before I had (had) a chance to tell him the good news.
我还没来得及告诉他这个消息他就已经出去了。
2）（不多久．．．．．．）就
We hadn’t waited long before the bus came.我们没等多久，公共汽车就来了。
3）宁愿．．．．．．，也不．．．．．．
He will die of hunger before he will steal 他宁愿饿死，也决不行窍。
· 同步练习 ·
1. She is old enough to get married _____.
A. by law B. by the law C. to the law D. with the law
2. A film _______ is the place where films are made.
A. play B. scene C. view D. sight
3. In this film, he played the ____ of the brave policeman.
A. roles B. part C. actor D. man
4. What do you think _______ to him just now
A. did happen B. did he happen C. did it happen D. happened
5. ______ of the party, we sang a song together.
A. In the beginning B. At the beginning C. At first D. First
6. _______ , he won his first Oscar.
A. In the thirty B. In the thirties C. In his thirties D. In his thirty
7. The boy has won a prize _____ his little invention.
A. of B. by C. with D. for
8. It was a long time ______ I realized it was late.
A. after B. before C. since D. when
9. The girl said she ______ her success _____ her teachers.
A. owed, to B. gave, to C. owed, for D. thanked, for
10.His success _______ him respect of all the people in the company.
A. won B. got C. send D. caused
答案与解析
1. A by law 按法律, 不加冠词。
2. B scene故事发生的地方
3. B 短语play the part（role）of扮演某个角色; play a part in起作用; 承担任务
4. D 此句型用陈述句语序。
5. B in the beginning表示时间，不与of连用；at the beginning既可表示时间也可以表示空间，并且可同of连用。
6. C 在某人几十岁时，用短语in one’s + 数字复数形式。
7. D prize for ……的奖。
8. B 参看before的用法。
9. A owe sth to sb
10. A 赢得尊敬
· 课外阅读 ·
The Dog in the Manger
A DOG lay in a manger, and by his growling and snapping prevented the oxen from eating the hay which had been placed for them. "What a selfish Dog!" said one of them to his companions; "he cannot eat the hay himself, and yet refuses to
Good friends
.英语小窍门.
英语口语
吃惊时
难以置信!
Unbelievable! Incredible! That's unbelievable! I can't believe it!
我吃了一惊!
I'm surprised! *用于突然发生了始料不及的事情时。 我很震惊。
I'm shocked! I'm in shock! What a shock!
太让人吃惊了!
That's amazing! How about that! Wow! (哇-!)
真的
Really *Oh, really Is that right Is that so Oh, yeah
你在开玩笑吧!
You're kidding! You're joking! You're pulling my leg! *用pull...leg表示“嘲弄人”。
No kidding! You've got to be kidding!
怎么可能!
It can't be! That can't be! It can't be true! Impossible!
.重点词语用法.
1. brave adj. 勇敢的 n. bravery 勇敢、鲜艳，华丽 adv. bravely 勇敢地
It’s brave of you to raise objections at the meeting
= You are brave to raiseobjections at the meeting.你在会上提出反对意见，真勇敢。
stand bravely on the side of justice 英勇地站在正义的立场上
2. loyal adj. 忠诚的, 忠实的 adv. loyally n. loyalty (u)
短语：be loyal to a cause 忠于事业 a loyal wife 忠贞的妻子
She was a kind woman, loyal to her friend, intelligent and amusing.
她是一个很好的女人，对朋友忠诚，聪明，有趣。
This showed their love and their loyalty to the party.这表明他们对党的热爱和忠诚。
3. handsome (主要指男人) 英俊的, 潇洒的
He looked terrible tall, handsome and healthy.他看上去个子很高, 很英俊健康。
相关短语：good-looking 长相好的 ordinary-looking 相貌普通的
4. argue 辩论
1）argue with somebody about something 和某人关于某事辩论
They argued about / over who should pay the bill.他们在争论该谁付款。
2)argue that … 辩论说 He argued that she shouldn’t go.他辩论说她不应该去。
3)ague against …①据理反对 He argued against the use of this medicine.
②证明…是不能成立的 All the facts argued against the theory.
所有的事实都证明这理论是不能成立的。
4)argue …into doing / out of doing通过争论使(某人)(不)做某事
She argued him out of his decision. 她争论要他放弃他的决定。
5)n. argument 辩论, 争论(表具体一场争论/辩论)；论点，论据
They got into quite a heated argument. 他们开始了激烈的争论。
We should settle this affair by argument not by fighting.我们应该通过争论而不是打架来解决事务。
5. honest adj.
1）诚实的; 正直的 honest beyond belief非常正直
2）坦率的; 诚恳的; 真诚的; 可靠的I shall be quite honest with you. 我将和你完全坦诚相见。
3）真的; 确实的; 真正的; 正当的 honest goods真货
4）朴实的; 普通的
5）令人尊敬的 an honest name令人尊敬的名字
6）纯净的, 贞洁的honest poverty清贫
7)adv. honestly 诚实地, 正当地, 说真话
He got the money honestly. 他这笔钱是正当的。
Honestly (speaking), I think you are too proud.老实说 来, 你太骄傲了。
8)n. honesty 诚实, 正直 Honesty is his best quality. 正直是他最好的品质。
6. classical adj.
1）古典的， 传统的， 古典文学的； 古希腊［古罗马］ 的； 经典的
2）人文科学的
3）（=classic）第一流的， 最高等的
4）庄严的； 历久不衰的
classical music古典音乐
classical school古典（经济） 学派
a classical scholar精通古典文学艺术的学者
She likes classical literature and music.她喜欢古典文学和古典音乐。
Latin is a classical language.拉丁语是希腊语。
The suit was a classic style. 这套衣服是古典风格。
7. share n.
1）一份, 部分, 份额, 分担量, 股份, 比重
2）[pl. ]股票
3）贡献; 参与
He has some share of his father's genius. 他继承了几分他父亲的天才。
The company was formed with 2000 shares.该公司由两千股组成。
I had no share in the matter.我未参与此事。
4）均分, 分派
5）共有, 分享 share responsibility共同负责 share a room with sb. 与某人同居一室
share the joys and hardships of the masses与群众同甘共苦
6）分享[担]; 参与(in) share in the profits
7）分享收益 share with sb. in distress与某人共患难
8. sorrow n.
1）悲痛; 忧伤; 遗憾; 惋惜; 悔恨
2）不幸; 魔鬼 伤心事
3）悲哀的原因; 伤心的原故
cause much sorrow to使...非常伤心; 给...造成许多烦恼
express one's sorrow for one's mistake对错误表示遗憾
share one's joys and sorrows 与某人苦乐与共
4)adj. sorrowful 悲伤的, 痛苦的 He felt sorrowful.他感到很悲伤。
5)sorry 难过的，抱歉的，遗憾的
9.movie
1）（美）电影 There’s a good movie on at the cinema. 电影院里上映一部很不错的电影。
2）（复）电影院 Let’s go to the movies.我们去看电影吧。
10. speech
1) 说话(能力) (u) Our thoughts are expressed by speech.我们的想法由言语来表达。
2）讲话，演说At the meeting Mr Smith made a long speech.在会上史密斯先生作了一个
很长的讲话。
11. adventure
1）冒险(u) He is fond of adventure.他喜欢冒险。
2）惊险的事，有危险的事/ 令人兴奋的经历（c）
Have you read about the adventures of Marco Polo？你读过马可 波罗的冒险经历吗？
12. desert v.遗弃; 抛弃; 离弃
He is so selfish that all his friends have deserted him.他非常自私, 使得所有的朋友都抛弃了他。
1)deserted adj. 无人的; 被抛弃的; 被遗弃的
2)deserted island 荒岛; deserted street 空无一人的街道
13.nor conj.
1). (用在neither之后)也不
2). (用在not,no,never之后)也不
3). (用在句首,句子须倒装)也不
I have never spoken nor written to her. 我跟她从来没说过话,也没写过信。
You do not like him, nor do I. 你不喜欢他,我也不喜欢。
14.hunt vt.1. 追猎,猎取 2.搜索;寻找 3. 追捕
vi.1. 打猎 2. 搜寻(+for/after)
November is a good time to hunt deer. 十一月正是猎鹿的好时节。
I m hunting a job. 我在找工作。
.重点词组解析.
1. fond of “喜爱，爱好” 接名词、代词或动词的-ing形式。例如：
He’s fond of swimming. 他喜欢游泳。
Are you fond of fresh vegetables. 你喜欢新鲜蔬菜吗
He is fond of his research work. 他喜爱他的研究工作。
注意：like, enjoy, be fond of, love 都有“喜爱”、“喜欢”的意思，但在用法上和喜爱的程度上有所不同。like是一般用语，用得最广泛，后面的宾语可以是名词、不定式或动词-ing形式。enjoy 喜爱的程度比like稍强一点，后面只可以跟名词或-ing形式，而不跟不定式。Love在这三个词中表达喜爱的程度最大，语气最强，感彩最强烈，有“热爱”之意，后面的宾语可以是名词、不定式或动词-ing形式。be fond of（=like very much）,在喜 爱的程度上比like强，但比love弱，后面只可以跟名词或-ing形式。
2. hunt for = look for寻找
I have found the book I was hunting for.我找到了那本我在找的书。
相关短语:
hunt for a job 找工作
hunt down 追捕, 捕获 The police hunted down the escaped prisoner.警方追捕逃犯。
hunt out 找出来 I’ve got some pictures for you somewhere, but it’ll need hunting out.
hunt up 找到, 找寻 You’ll have to hunt up the word in the dictionary.
3. in order to, so as to 这两个词组都可引导不定式作目的状语.
1) in order to可放于句首, so as to则不能, 其否定形式为in order not to / so as not to.
In order to be noticed, he shouted and waved to us.为了让我们注意他, 他朝我们又是叫喊又是挥手。
2)in order that,so that 两个短语都能引导目的状语从句。从句中常有情态动词。
He opened the window in order that / so that fresh air might come in.
4. care about
1) 喜欢，对……有兴趣 = care for
She doesn’t care about money.她不喜欢钱。
2）关心 = care for
She thinks only of herself. She doesn’t care about other people.
她只考虑自己。她不关心别人。
3）在乎，在意（接从句或不接任何成分）
These young people care nothing about what old people might say.
这些年轻人根本不在乎老人说的话。
4)care for除了有与care about同样的几个意思外，还可以表示“照料，照顾”
Who is to care for me when I’m old？我年纪老的时候谁照顾我
5)care to do 愿意(接近like，跟不定式, 主要用于否定句、疑问句和条件句)
If you care to hear it, I will tell you. 如果你愿意听的话，我告诉你。
5. such as 意为“诸如……”，“像……”，是用来列举人或事物的。
She teaches three subjects, such as physics and chemistry.她教三门科目,像物理、化学。
注意：（1）such as前的名词要用复数；
（2）such as后列举的人或物至少是两项， 但不能全部列出；
（3）用了such as 就不再用others 或etc.
1)such …as 表示 “像……这样的”, “诸如……之类”, 一般可转换为such as…或like介词短语。Such languages as Chinese, Russian, Japanese and German are difficult learn well. = Languages such as Chinese … = Languages like Chinese …
2)such …as 中的as 还可用作关系代词, 引导一个定语从句.
Please take such things as you need.(as 作need的宾语) 拿你所需要的东西吧。
3)Such…that如此……以致……,引导的是结果状语从句。试比较：
He is such a good student that he is often praised by the teacher. (状语从句)
He is such a good student as is often praised by the teacher. (定语从句)
6.make apologies 道歉
1)因某事向某人道歉 make an apology(or apologies) to sb for sth
2)apologize vi. 道歉;认错,赔不是(+to/for)
I owe you an apology for my rudeness last night. 昨天晚上我太粗暴,应该向你道歉。
He apologized to her for not going to her party.
他因为没有出席她举行的宴会而向她表示歉意。
.句型难点解析
1．“So + be／have／助动词／情态动词＋主词”的结构。此结构中的语序是倒装的，“So”代替上句中的某个成分。如果上面一句是否定句，则使用“Neither/Nor+be/have/助动词/情态动词+主语”的结构。
例如 He’s tired，and so am I．(＝I’ m also tired．)
You can swim，and so can I．(＝I can also swim．)
She has had supper，and so can I．(＝I’ve had lunch，too．)
Tom speaks English，and so does his sister．(＝His sister speaks English，too．)
2．“So +主语+be／have／助动词／情态动词”结构中的主谓是正常语序，so相当于indeed,certainly,表示说话人对前面或对方所说情况的肯定、赞同或证实，语气较强，意思是“确实如此”。例如
A：It was cold yesterday．昨天很冷。B：So it was．的确如此。(＝Yes，it was．)
A：You seem to like sports． B：So I do．(＝Yes，I do．)
A：It will be fine tomorrow．B：So it will．(＝Yes ，it will．)
3．“主语+do/does/did + so”结构指的是按上句的要求做了。此句型中do so代替上文中要求做的事，以免重复。
My Chinese teacher told me to hand in my composition on time and I did so.(=I handed in
my composition on time.) 语文老师叫我按时交作文, 我照办了。
4．So it is with…或 It is the same with…句型表示 “……(的情况)也是如此。”当前面的句子中有几种不同形式的谓语时，要表示相同情况，必须使用本句型，不能使用so 引起的倒装句。
She doesn’t play the piano, but she likes singing. So it is with my sister.
.同步习题.
1. His father became very angry when he heard this, __________.
A. so became his mother B. so had his mother
C. so did his mother D. so his mother was
2. Driving in the country is _________.
A. a great fun B. great fun C. funny D. a lot of funs
3. It’s honest ________ him to tell me the truth.
A. of B. for C. to D. at
4. I bough these flowers _____ for you.
A. specially B. special C. especial D. especially
5. When the teacher said, "_________", I stood up.
A. It's your turn B. Put up your hand
C. Come in, please D. Don't touch anything
6. Is he fond of __________
A. football B. play football C. the football D. to play football
7. This book is really _____. I feel ______ with it.
A. boring, boring B. bored, bored C. bored, boring D. boring, bored
8. Can you work out the problem ____ some other way
A. by B. in C. with D. at
9. He earns _______ 2000 dollars a month.
A. as many as B. as much as C. as far as D. as great as
10. Can you imagine him ______ alone in the island for a long time
A. live B. living C. to living D. to be living
参考答案提示：1-5 CBAAA 6-10 ADBBB
1. C 用“So + be／have／助动词／情态动词＋主词”的结构。
2. fun不可数名词。
3. It’s …of sb. to do sth.
4. specially “特意地, 专门地” 强调目的; especially “特别地” 强调程度.
5.one's turn轮到某人，e.g. 1) Who's turn is it 2) It's my turn to speak.
6.be fond of+名词或-ing形式.
7.boring = tiring 令人厌倦的 bored厌倦的(表示主语的状态)
9. as many as多达….., as much as有…之多
10. imagine常用结构 imagine sth.; imagine sb. doing sth; imagine sb/ sth to be…;imagine +从句。
.课外读物.
The Bear and the Fox
A BEAR boasted very much of his philanthropy, saying that of all animals he was the most tender in his regard for man, for he had such respect for him that he would not even touch his dead body. A Fox hearing these words said with a smile to the Bear, "Oh! that you would eat the dead and not the living."。
熊与狐狸
有一头熊大肆吹嘘，说他很爱人类，因为他从不吃死人。一只狐狸对他说：“但愿你把 死人撕得粉碎，而不要危害那些活着的人。”
这故事适用于生活中那些假装善良的恶人。
The Swallow and the Crow
THE SWALLOW and the Crow had a contention about their plumage. The Crow put an end to the dispute by saying, "Your feathers are all very well in the spring, but mine protect me against the winter."
Fair weather friends are not worth much.
燕子与乌鸦
燕子与乌鸦争吵谁最美丽。乌鸦对燕子说：“春天才能看到你美丽的外貌，我的身体却 可以抵御冬季的严寒。”
这是说，健康的身体是最漂亮的外貌。
Unit 2
English around the world
· 英语小窍门 ·
经典广告语
1.Time is what you make of it.(Swatch) 天长地久。（斯沃奇手表）
2.Make yourself heard.(Ericsson) 理解就是沟通。(爱立信)
3.Engineered to move the human spirit.(Mercedes-Benz)
人类精神的动力。（梅塞德斯-奔驰）
4.Start Ahead.(Rejoice) 成功之路，从头开始。（飘柔）
5.A diamond lasts forever.(De Bierres) 钻石恒久远，一颗永流传。（第比尔斯）
6.Fresh-up with Seven-up.(Seven-up) 提神醒脑，喝七喜。（七喜）
7.Intel Inside.(Intel Pentium) 给电脑一颗奔腾的“芯”。（英特尔 奔腾）
8.Connecting People.(Nokia) 科技以人为本。（诺基亚）
9.For the Road Ahead.(Honda) 康庄大道。（本田）
10.Let us make things better.(Philips) 让我们做的更好。（飞利浦）
11.Enjoy Coca-Cola.(Coca-Cola) 请喝可口可乐。（可口可乐）
12.Generation Next.(Pepsi) 新的一代。（百事）
· 重点词汇解析 ·
1、majority
majority的意思是“大多数；大部分”，常与a或the连用，作主语时，若指整体情况，谓语常用单数；指许多个体，谓语常用复数。
A majority continue to support him.大多数继续支持他。
The majority of his books are kept upstairs.他的大部分书藏在楼上。
2、other
（l）other用作形容词，意思是“其他的；别的”，修饰名词时，其前面常常有the，no，some，many或any等限定词。如：
No other person besides Li Ming applied.除李明外没人申请。
She has many other things to do. 她有很多事要做。
（2）指两者中的“另一方”，用the other(s)或“the other十名词”表示。如：
The hotel is on the other side of the street.那旅馆在街对面。
He has five friends. Two are workers. The others are doctors.
她有五个朋友。两个是工人，其余的是大夫。
(3) some... others 表了“一些……，一些……”（无范围）； some of... the others 表示“有的……，其余的（全都）……”（有范围）。如：
Some girls are playing poker; others are playing chess.有的女孩在打扑克，有的在下棋。
Some are workers； others are teachers．有些是工人，有些是教师。
3、difficulty
have difficulty/trouble in doing sth. 的意思是“做某事有困难”，注意其中的 in doing sth不可改用 to do sth。如：
We had no difficulty in repairing his car.
He has some difficulty in settling this problem.他解决这个问题有一些困难。
4、turn的相关短语
turn on开（收音机、煤气、水龙头、灯等的开关）
turn off关（收音机、煤气、水龙头、灯等的开关）
turn up（把收音机、电视、灯等）开大些；出现；出席
turn down把收音机、电视、灯等）开小些
turn in交上去 turn to向……寻求帮助；转到
turn over移交；打翻
5、mean
（1）mean在此表示“指…而言;意思是说”，后面可接名词、代词或从句。如：
I meant the red one, not the green one.我说的是那个红的，不是那个绿的。
I mean that he is being unfair.我是说他不公平。
（2）mean表示“打算（做某事）”，后面常接动词不定式；表示“意味着（某种可能或结果），后接动名词。如：
Do you mean to go without money？你打算身无分文地去吗？
Missing the train means waiting for an hour. 要是误了车，就得等一个钟头。
6、compare vt.
1). 和...比较,对照(+with/to)
2). 比喻为,把...比作(+to)
Compared with him, I am a bungler. 与他相比,我只能算是一个笨拙的人。
7、need
1)n. 需要;要求(+of/for)/+to-v
2)vt. 需要,有...必要
3)v. (多用于疑问句和否定句)需要,必须
We have no need to be afraid of them. 我们不必怕他们。
The garden needs watering. 花园该浇水了。(说明:该用法相当于need to be done)
8、native
1）a.①. 天生的 ② 出生地的,祖国的,家乡的 ③. 本土的,本国的,土生的 ④. (某地)特有的,原产的
2）n.①. 本地人,本国人 ②. (某地)原有的动(植)物
They are native speakers of English. 他们的母语是英语。
He has been away from his native Poland for three years.
他离开故土波兰已有三年了
9、independent
1）. 独立的,自治的,自主的(+of)
2）. 有独立心的;自立的(+of)
Many colonies in Africa became independent nations in the 1950 s.
非洲许多殖民地在二十世纪五十年代成了独立国家。
10、develop vt.1. 使成长;使发展 2. 开发 3. 逐渐产生;逐渐养成; 5.使显影,冲洗(底片)
vi.1. 生长;成长;形成 2. 进步;进化 3. 发展
Swimming develops the muscles. 游泳能使肌肉发达。
The builders are developing that part of the city.
建筑商正在开发这座城市的那个地区。
11、communicate
1)vt.1. 传达;传递;传播(+to)
2)vi.1. 交流思想(或感情,信息等);交际,交往(+with) 2. 通讯,通话(+with)
Did she communicate my wishes to you 她有没有把我的祝福转告你
We learn a language in order to communicate. 我们学习语言是为了交流思想。
He had no way to communicate with his brother. 他没有办法与他兄弟联系。
· 重点短语解析 ·
1、for the first time与 the first time的区别。
两者均可表示“首次；第一次”，但用法并不相同。 for the first time指平生第一 次做某事或某段时间之内第一次做某事，在句中通常单独作状语； the first time指做某事的次数，可引导状语从句和表语从句。如：
He saw Naples for the first time.他首次见到了那不勒斯。
Did you believe his story the first time he told you 他第一次告诉你他的经历时你相信吗？
That was the first time I had left Guilin. 那是我第一次离开桂林。
2、at all
（1）at all常用于否定句、疑问句和条件从句中以加强句子的语气，但在不同的句式中表示不同的意思。用于否定句，意思是“丝毫；根本”；用于疑问句，意思是“到底；究竟”；用于if条件句，意思是“既然；即使”。如
They didn' t go there at all.他们根本没去过那地方。
Do it well if you do it at all.要做就要做得好。
Have you read any of the book at all 那本书你到底有没有读一点？
(2)at all有时也用于肯定句,但往往含有否定的意味.如:I'm surprised you came as all.想不到你还是来了.(原以为不会来)
3、at home
（1）at home在此表示“舒适；无拘束”，常与 be，feel或 make等动词连用。如：
Please sit down and make yourself at home.请坐下别拘束。
She always felt at home in the old hotel. 她住在那老旅馆总觉得舒适自在。
(2)at home还可表示“在家；在国内”，或表示“精通；熟悉”，常与 in，on或 with等介词连用。如：
Are your parents at home？你的父母在家吗？
She is at home in modem music.她精通现代音乐。
3、orget to do sth.或 forget doing sth.的区别
前者表示“别忘了要做某事”，to do sth 指尚未发生的动作；后者表示“忘记了曾经做过的事情”，doing sth．表示已发生的动作。如：
Don't forget to shake the bottle before use.吃药前别忘了摇瓶子。
I'll never forget hearing her singing that song.我再也不会忘记听她唱那支歌的情景
4、on one’s wsy
on one’s wsy表示“在……路上”，后面可接表示地点的副词；接名词时，与to连用。如：
on his way home／there在他回家／到那里的路上
on my wsy to school／to Guilin在我上学／去桂林的路上
5、in total
in total= in all，均表示“总共”。如：
That will cost you $ 500 in total/in all.
How much is it in all/in total
6、one' s mother tongue
one' s mother tongue = one' s native language意思是“母语；本族语”。如：
Chinese is my mother tongue/native language.
7、the numher of与 a number of 区别
后面均接复数名词，但它们的意思及用法均不相同。
1）the number of表示“……的数量”，后接复数名词作主语时，谓语用单数；
2）a number of＝ numbers of，意思是“很多的；好些”，表了程度，可以在 number之前加 large，great或 small之类的修饰同，该短语修饰主语时，谓语用复数。如：
The number of the students has increased a lot since 1995．
自从 1995年以来学生的人数增加了很多。
The number of the workers in our factory is greater than that in theirs.
我们厂工人的人数要比他们厂多。
There are a small number of children in the park.
A great number of people have seen the film. 有很多的人看过这部电影。
8、except与 except for 的区别。
(1)表示从同类别事物的整数中除去苦干，用 except或 except for均可。如：
Except (for) Tom, we all went to the park.
除了汤姆外，我们都去了公园。（We与Tom同属人类）
(2)先后指的两件事物不同类别，或性质不同，用 except for。如；
The room is empty except for a broken chair .
除了一张坏椅子外，房里是空的。（chair与 the room性质不同）
（3）表示某人或某事物在总体上是好的，只是其中的某个细节或某个环节不尽人 意，一般用except for。如：
The story is good except for the ending.除结尾外，这个故事很好。
(4)except后面可接介间短语、副词、带to或不带to的动词不定式以及由that，when或 where引导的从句， except for不能这样用。如：
He takes no orders except from the king.他只接受国王一个人的命令。（后接介词短语）
Mary did nothing except clean the dishes.
玛丽除了洗盘子外,什么事都没做。（except前面有do，后接不带to的动词不定式）
9、there you are 行了.好了.
这是一句表示一种事情告一段落或有了最终结果的用语.还可以表示\"瞧!\"\"对吧(果然如此)!\"等语气.
There you are!Then let s have some coffee. 好了,那我们来点咖啡吧.
There you are!I knew we should find iot at last. 对吧!我就知道我们一定能找到的
10、Make up 1. 补足 2. 编造 3. 组成
The whole story is made up. 整个故事完全是虚构出来的。
The medical team was made up of twelve doctors. 医疗队由十二名医生组成。
11、stay up
(1) stay up的意思是“熬夜；通宵不睡”。如：
I'm all right. I stayed up late last night.我没事，我只是昨天晚上睡晚了。
He stayed up all night.他通宵不睡。
(2) stay up后接动词时，若该动词的动作指目的，用不定式结构；指伴随动作，用动词
的-ing形式作伴随状语。如：
He insisted on staying up to nurse the patient .
他坚持不睡，来照看病人。（to nurse the patient 作目的状语）
Mary stayed up reading until midnight.玛丽看书一直看到深夜才睡。（ reading作伴随状语）
12、end（up） with
end（up） with的意思是“以……结束”。如：
She ended her letter with good wishes to the family 在信尾她祝全家好。
We ended the dinner up with fruit and coffee. 我们最后吃水果喝咖啡结束了宴会
13、act ... out
1). 把...表演出来
2). 把...付诸行动
We roared when Mary acted out the episode.
当玛丽绘声绘色地描述那件事时,我们哄然大笑起来。
They are determined to act out their ideal. 她们决心把自己的理想变成行动。
14、end up with 以...为结局;结果会...
It is not right to laugh at the disabled.Maybe some day you will end up with disabilities. 嘲笑残疾人是不对的.也许有一天你也会成为有残疾的人.
15、more or less 或多或少,有点儿;大约
His explanation was more or less helpful. 他的解释多少有些帮助。
· 重点句型解析 ·
“介词with十名词或代词十动词的分词形式”构成的复合结构在句中通常作状语，表示背景情况、行为方式、原因或条件等。
（l）在这一结构中，如果分词表示的动作是由前面的名词或代词发出的，该分词用现在分词形式。如：
With the old man leading, they started toward the mountain.
在老人的带领下他们动身往山里走去。
She ran and ran with beads of sweat running down her face.她不停地跑，汗珠顺着脸留下来。（2）如果分词表示的动作不是前面的名词发出的,该分词用过去分词形式。如：
She was thinking for a while with her eyes shut.她闭着眼睛思考片刻。
（3）“介词 with十名词或代词十介词短语或形容词”也可起相同的作用。如：
The teacher came in with a book in his hand. 老师手里拿着书走了进来。
· 同步练习 ·
1. In the year _____, his father also died of cancer.
A. followed B. following C. was followed D. that followed
2. _______ that you found the injured boy In the wooden house.
A. Where did it B. Where it is C. Where was it D. Where
3. It’s already 7:20. Tom rushed _________ to school.
A.in the way B. all the way C. by the way D. in a way
4. You must be very tired after doing the walking, _______
A. mustn’t you B. needn’t youC. aren’t you D. weren’t you
5. Look, ________!
A. here Mr Smith comes B. here is coming Mr Smith
C. here comes Mr Smith D. her Mr Smith is coming
6. It was for the first time _____ he went to America in 1995.
A. when B. that C. what D. while
7. Are you clear ______ the homework
A. to B. about C. on D. with
8. –Look, the light is still on. --Oh, I forgot ____ when I left.
A. to turn it off B. to turn it on C. turning it off D. to turn off it
9. Will you _____ this dictionary to Mr Smith when you go to visit his tomorrow
A. bring B. take C. fetch D. carry
10. The streets here are much wider than _____ in that town.
A. ones B. them C. those D. they
答案与解析:
1. D that followed 为定语从句，In the year that followed = In the following year。
2. C 强调句型的特殊疑问形式。
3. B all the way 一路上 in the way 挡道 by the way在途中, 顺便 in a way在某种程度上
4. C在反意疑问句中情态动词表推测按不推测来办。
5. B 瞬间动词进行时表将来。
6. B 本句为强调句型。
7. C clear about 明白
8 A 关灯用turn off, 代词it要放在副词off前面。
9. B take表示向其他方向运动, 把人或物 “带走”、“拿走”到别处。Bring表示向说话人的方向运动，从别处把人或物“拿来”、“带来”。Carry不表示方向，意为“携带，拿、提、扛”，有负重的含义。Fetch“取”，指来回，往返，专程到别处去把某物或某人“带来”。
10 C 在比较级句型中, 通常用指示代词。单数用that， 复数用those。
.课外读物.
The Mountain in Labor山震
A MOUNTAIN was once greatly agitated. Loud groans and noises were heard, and crowds of people came from all parts to see what was the matter. While they were assembled in anxious expectation of some terrible calamity, out came a Mouse.
Don't make much ado about nothing.
有一次，一座大山发生了大震动，震动发出的声音就像大声的呻吟和喧闹。许多人云集 在山下观看，不知发生了什么事。当他们焦急地聚集在那里，担心看到什么不祥之兆时，仅 看见从山里跑出一只老鼠。
这是说庸人多自忧。
The Ass, the Fox, and the Lion驴子、狐狸与狮子
THE ASS and the Fox, having entered into partnership together for their mutual protection, went out into the forest to hunt. They had not proceeded far when they met a Lion. The Fox, seeing imminent danger, approached the Lion and promised to contrive for him the capture of the Ass if the Lion would pledge his word not to harm the Fox. Then, upon assuring the Ass that he would not be injured, the Fox led him to a deep pit and arranged that he should fall into it. The Lion, seeing that the Ass was secured, immediately clutched the Fox, and attacked the Ass at his leisure.
驴子与狐狸俩合伙去打猎。他们突然遇见了狮子，狐狸见大事不妙，立即跑到狮子面 前，许诺把驴子交给他，只要自己免于危险。狮子答应可以，狐狸便引诱驴子掉进了一个陷 阱里。狮子见驴子已不能再逃跑，便立即先抓住狐狸吃了，然后再去吃驴子。
这是说，那些出卖朋友，背叛友谊的人也得不到好下场。
Unit 3
Going Places
· 英语小窍门 ·
经典广告语
1.The Relentless Pursuit of Perfection.(Lexus) 追求完美永无止境。（凌志汽车）
2.Communication unlimited.(Motorola) 沟通无极限。（摩托罗拉）
3.Feast your eyes.（Pond’s Cucumber Eye Treatment）
滋润心灵的窗户。（庞氏眼贴片）
4.Focus on life.(Olympus) 瞄准生活。（奥林巴斯）
5.Behind that healthy smile,there ’s a Crest kid.(Crest toothpaste)
健康笑容来自佳洁士。（佳洁士牙膏）
6.Good to the last drop． 滴滴香浓，意犹未尽。（麦斯威尔咖啡）
7.Obey your thirst． 服从你的渴望。（雪碧）
8.The new digital era． 数码新时代。（索尼影碟机）
9.We lead． others copy． 我们领先，他人仿效。（理光复印机）
10.Impossible made possible． 使不可能变为可能。（佳能打印机）
11.Take time to indulge． 尽情享受吧！（雀巢冰激凌）
· 重点词汇解析 ·
1、consider vt. 考虑；照顾；认为
（1）consider考虑到
Before you decide to leave your job, consider the effect it will have on your family.
你在决定辞职以前，应考虑到这会对你的家庭造成的影响。
（2）consider doing sth. 考虑做……
I'm considering changing my job. 我在考虑转换工作。
（3）consider＋疑问词＋不定式考虑……
He is considering when to go to the South. 他在考虑什么时候去南方。
（4）consider＋n.＋（to be）＋adj.认为……
Do you consider her（to be）suitable for the job 你认为她做这个工作合适吗？
（5）consider＋n.＋to do sth. 认为……
He is considered to have invented the computer.人们认为他发明了电脑。
（6）consider it＋adj. /n.＋to do 认为……
I consider it important to have a good knowledge of English. 我认为掌握好英语很重要。
2、means n.手段；方法
The quickest means of travel is by plane. 最快的交通工具是飞机。
All the possible means have been tried. 已采取了所有的手段。
注意：means单复数同形，由句意判断means的单数、复数形式。
搭配by means of 应用；使用
We expressed our thoughts by means of words. 我们用词句来表达思想。
They made their fortune by means of working hard.他们靠勤劳发家致富。
3、experience vt. 体验；经历 n. 经验；体验；经历
I experienced great difficulty in getting a visa to leave the country.
我申请出国签证经历了很大的困难。
Our country has experienced great changes in the last 30 years.
在过去三十年里，我们国家经历了巨大的变化。
注意：1）作“经验”讲，experience是不可数名词
How many years' experience do you have of teaching English 你教英语有多少年（经验）？
2）作“经历”讲，experience是可数名词
Our journey by camel was quite an experience. 我们骑骆驼旅行真是一次难忘的经历。
4、simply adv. 简单地；简易地；朴素地；清楚地；仅仅；只不过
On her small income they live very simply.他们靠微薄的收入过着非常简朴的生活。
I don't like driving, I do it simply because I have to get to work each day.
我不喜欢开车，而我之所以开车只是因为我每天必须到工作地点上班。
5、vacation n. 假期；休假
They're in Florida on vacation.他们正佛罗里达度假。
The library is closed during the college vacation.学院放假期间，图书馆不开放。
vacation / holiday / leave
vacation 假期，休假 常不用复数
holiday 假日 可以说a holiday 或holidays
leave 指雇员有理由而获准的假期
1）We're going to France during the summer holidays（vacation）.暑假期间我们将去法国。
2）on holiday（=on vacation）度假
3）take a holiday（= take a vacation）休假
4）ask for sick leave 请病假
6、tip n.（c）有用的意见；劝告；告诫；小费
The manual is full of useful tips.这本手册里有很多实用的小建议。
Take my tip and keep well away from that place.听我的劝告，离那个地方远远的。
Shall I leave a tip for the taxi driver 我要给出租司机留点小费吗？
7、watch out （for）注意；留心
Watch out! There is a car coming.小心！汽车来了。
Watch out for the hole in the road.留神路上的那个坑。
The staff were asked to watch out for forged banknotes.已经要求职员留意伪钞。
8、normal n. 常态；正常；标准
adj. 正常的；正规的；标准的
the normal temperature of the human body 人们的正常温度
the normal time (place / method/ position) 通常的时间（地点/方法/位置）
normal behaviour (thinking/ views) 正常的行为（思想/观点）
9、handle vt. 操作；处理 n.柄；把手
An officer must know how to handle his men.当军官的应懂得怎样统率士兵。
Wash your hands before you handle food.洗完手再拿食物。
This port handles 100 million tons of cargo each year.这个港口每年货物吞吐量达1亿吨。
10、separate adj. 单独的；各自的；分开的 vt.分开；隔离
The children sleep in separate beds.孩子们睡在各自的床上。
We are good friends and can't be separated.我们是好朋友，因此是拆不散的。
The friends separated at the crossroads.朋友们在十字路口分手了。
注意：
(be) separate from sth /sb 同某事（人）分开
separate sb /sth from sb /sth 把某人（事）同某人（事）分开
separate sth (up)(into sth) 把……分成
Violent prisoners are kept separate from the others. 有暴力行为的囚犯隔离囚禁。
The branch has separated from the trunk of the tree. 这个树枝已从树干上脱落。
The patient should be separated from the others. 这个病人应该隔离。
11、combine v.（使）联合；（使）结合
combine A and B 结合 A 、B
combine A with B 使A 、B 结合一体
We cant' always combine work with pleasure.我们不能永远在工作中享受乐趣。
Combine the eggs with a little flour and heat the mixture gently.
把鸡蛋和少量面粉调匀，用文火加热。
· 重点短语解析 ·
1、 come up with
1）. 赶上
2）. (针对问题等)想出;提供
We came up with a group of tourists. 我们赶上了一群旅游者。
2、pay attention to 关心;注意
You should pay attention to your spelling. 你要注意拼写。
2、 go off
1）. 响起 2） 变质 3）. 入睡 4）. 进行
The alarm went off. 警铃骤然响起。
This milk has gone off. 牛奶变坏了。
3、get..to do 让...做,四个\"使\"动词中唯一用to do做补语的,很值得关注.
I got him to stay for the night. 我说服他留下过夜。
4、the other the other+单数名词,表示两个当中的另外一个
the other students 所有其余的同学;
another student 另一个同学(总数在三个以上);
other students 其余同学(泛指)
5、agree with
1）. 同意某人(观点,说的话等) 2）. 适合;相宜 3）. 和...一致(相符)
agree to 同意计划,建议等;
agree on(about) 在...问题上意见一致
I don t agree with Phil on many things. 我和菲尔在许多事情上意见不一致。
This bill does not agree with your original estimate. 这张帐单与你当初的估计不符。
6、see sb. off 给某人送行
Tomorrow I will see my friend off at the railway station.明天我到火车站给朋友送行。
7、on the other hand 另一方面（用以引出相互矛盾的观点、意见等。
on the one hand …… on the other hand一方面……另一方面
I know this job of mine isn't well paid, but on the other hand I don't have to work long hours.
我知道这份工作报酬不高，但从另一方面来说，我也不必工作太长时间。
8、as well as sb (sth)而且
He is a talented musician as well as being a photographer.
她不但是摄影师还是个天才的音乐家。
9、get away（from） 逃离
The thieves got away from the shop with all our money.小偷带着我们所有的钱从商店逃跑了。
I caught a really big fish but it got away.我钓到了一条好大的鱼，可是它逃掉了。
· 重点句型解析 ·
1、How would you like to go to the following places, by boat, by air orby bus
你愿意以什么方式到下面的位置，坐船，乘飞机或坐公共汽车？
1）how意为“in what way or by what means”，又如：
How can I get to Cambridge 请告诉我到剑桥该怎么走？
2）by boat (by air, by bus)等短语中，不能加冠词，若加冠词，则常用in aboat（a plane）, on a bus。表“乘坐”的动词是take，如：take a boat (bus, taxi…)，但“登机”常用board。
2、Instead of spending your vacation on a bus, in a hotel or sitting on the beach, you may want to try hiking.你可能想远足，而不是在公共汽车上，在旅馆里或在海滨度过你的假期。
1）instead of 为介词短语，意为“作为某人（事物）的替换”。
① Let's play cards instead of watching television.咱们玩纸牌吧，别看电视了。
②We sometimes eat rice instead of potatoes.我们有时候吃大米，不吃土豆。
instead adv. 代替；更换
It will take days by car, so let's fly instead.（=It will take days by car, so let's fly instead of by car.）开车去要好几天呢，咱们还是坐飞机去吧。
3、Eco-tourists want to learn about the world so that they can make it better, or at least understand it better. 生态游客想了解世界以使世界变得更好或至少能较好地理解它。
（1）so that引导目的状语从句，从句中的谓语动词前常带may, might, can, could 等情态动词。
We started early so that we could catch the early bus.我们起早，为了能够赶上早班车。
（2）at least（表程度）至少；起码；无论如何；不管怎样；反正（表数量）至少（not less than）
The food wasn't good, but at least it was cheap.这些食品不怎么好，但起码是很便宜的。
He left last Tuesday-at least, I think.上星期二他离开了，起码我认为他已经走。
It costs at least ￡5. 它至少值五英镑。
· 语法精讲 ·
现在进行时表将来的动作
现在进行时表将来的动作，谓语通常为瞬间动词。如：come, go, arrive, leave, start, return, stay, meet, get等。这些动词的进行时后不能再接具体的时间。
（1）用现在进行时表示将来，指的是近期的，按计划或安排要发生的动作。
（2）现在进行时表示将来与表示正在进行的动作的区别在于：前者通常用瞬间动词（有时一些常用动词也可以这样用如：do）如：go, come, start, return, get, arrive等。而后者通常是持续性动词。
He is reading a novel. 他在看小说。
The train is arriving soon. 火车就要进站了。
（3）用现在进行时表示将来的时间，在句中或上下文中通常有表示将来时间的状语。
（4）现在进行时与一般现在时表示将来动作的区别在于：前者表示的将来的动作往往是可以改变的，而后者则是根据规定或时间表预计要发生的动作或事情，因此往往是不可改变或不可随便改变的。
What are you doing next Friday 下星期五你们打算干什么？
The plane takes off at 7︰30 tonight.飞机今晚七点半起飞。
· 同步练习 ·
1. The volleyball match will be put off if it _________.
A. will rain B. rains C. rained D. is raining
2. I don’t really work here. I _____ until the new secretary arrives.
A. just help out B. Have just helped out C. am just helping out D. will just help out
3. Dear mother, I ______ to hear from you soon.
A. hope B. am hoping C. hoping D. have hoped
4. I’ll call on some of my old teachers while I ______ in Guiyang .
A. stay B. will stay C. would stay D. am staying
5. Every time I come into his room, he ______ the same book.
A. read B. was reading C. readed D. is reading
6. –Have you decided when o leave for Shanghai
-- Yes, we ______ on Friday.
A. leave B. am leaving C. have left D. left
7. We _____ at the school gate at seven. Be there in time.
A. have met B. are met C. are to meet D. will be to meet
8. People from the United States _____ closer than people from Britain when they _______.
A. are standing; are talking B. stand; are talking
C. stood; talked D. are standing; talk
9. I was just _____ to leave _____ someone knocked at the door.
A. going; while B. ready; at the same time C. glad; since D. about ; when
10. –I’m going to the States.
-How long _____ you _____ there
A. are; stayed B. are; staying C. have; stayed D. did; stay
答案与解析：
1．B 主句用一般将来时，条件状语从句通常用一般现在时，若在rain 后加上时间状语，
如until 10 或before 10，从句就须用现在进行时表示将来时间或进行的动作。
2．C 从前句句意判断，后一句的意思是“我正在这儿帮忙直到新秘书来”。
3．B 从句意分析，可只说话人在给妈妈写信，用现在进行时表示盼望家信的急切心情。
4．D while 引导的时间状语从句，表示“在一段时间内”，其谓语动词是延续性动作，用进行时。用现在进行时表示将来时间在进行的动作。
5．D 前文表示“每当我走进教室的那一刻”暗示后文“正在干什么”。
6．B leave进行时表将来。
7. C be + to do sth. 表按计划安排要去做的事。
8．B when 引导的从句中，背景动作用进行时。
9．D be about to do sth … when 表最近的将来要去做的事情。
10．B 表按计划将发生的动作，用进行时。
· 课外阅读 ·
The Charcoal-Burner and the Fuller
A CHARCOAL-BURNER carried on his trade in his own house. One day he met a friend, a Fuller, and entreated him to come and live with him, saying that they should be far better neighbors and that their housekeeping expenses would be lessened. The Fuller replied, "The arrangement is impossible as far as I am concerned, for whatever I should whiten, you would immediately blacken again with your charcoal."
Like will draw like.
烧炭人与漂布人
烧炭人在一所房子里干活，看见有一个漂布人搬迁到他的旁边来住时，满怀高兴地走上 去劝他与自己同住，并解释说这样彼此更亲密，更方便，还更省钱。漂布人却回答说：“也 许你说的是真话，但完全不可能办到，因为凡我所漂白的，都将被你弄黑。”
这故事说明，不同类的人难相处。
The Father and His Sons
A FATHER had a family of sons who were perpetually quarreling among themselves. When he failed to heal their disputes by his exhortations, he determined to give them a practical illustration of the evils of disunion; and for this purpose he one day told them to bring him a bundle of sticks. When they had done so, he placed the faggot into the hands of each of them in succession, and ordered them to break it in pieces. They tried with all their strength, and were not able to do it. He next opened the faggot, took the sticks separately, one by one, and again put them into his sons' hands, upon which they broke them easily. He then addressed them in these words: "My sons, if you are of one mind, and unite to assist each other, you will be as this faggot, uninjured by all the attempts of your enemies; but if you are divided among yourselves , you will be broken as easily as these sticks."
父亲与争吵的儿子们
有个父亲的儿子们常常互相争斗不休。他多次语重心长地劝说他们，尽管他苦口婆心， 仍无济于事。他认为应该用事实来教育他们，便叫儿子们去拿一捆木棒来。木棒拿来后，他 先把整捆木棒交给他们，叫他们折断。儿子们一个个竭尽了全力都无法将它折断。随后他解 开了那捆木棒，给他们每人一根。他们都毫不费力地将木棒折为两段。这时，父亲说：“孩 子们，你们要像木棒一样，团结一致，齐心协力，就不会被敌人征服；可你们互相争斗不 休，便很容易被敌人打垮。”
这故事说明，团结就是不可征服的力量，而内讧却只能耗损自己。
Unit 4
Unforgettable experiences
· 英语小窍门 ·
经典广告语
1.Poetry in motion, dancing close to me． 动态的诗，向我舞近。（丰田汽车）
2.Come to where the flavour is． marlboro country．
光临风韵之境——万宝路世界。（万宝路香烟）
3.Just do it. 只管去做。（耐克运动鞋）
4.Ask for more. 渴望无限。（百事流行鞋）
5.The taste is great. 味道好极了。（雀巢咖啡）
6.Feel the new space. 感受新境界。（三星电子）
7.Iintelligence everywhere. 智慧演绎，无处不在。（摩托罗拉手机）
8.The choice of a new generation. 新一代的选择。（百事可乐）
9.We integrate, you communicate. 我们集大成，您超越自我。（三菱电工）
10.Take Toshiba, take the world. 拥有东芝，拥有世界。（东芝电子）
11.No business too small, no problem too big.
....没有不做的小生意，没有解决不了的大问题。 （ibm公司）
· 重点词汇解析 ·
1. beat, hit, strike 和knock
1) beat指用力地打，痛打，跳动， 还可以表示“打败”， 如：
The landlord beat the farmhand heavily. 地主毒打长工。
The Iraq army was beaten. 伊拉克军队被打败了。
2）hit打击，袭击，打中，如：
An earthquake hit the district. 这地区受到地震的袭击。
One of the stones hit the window.有一块石头打中了窗户。
3）strike通常指一下一下地打或敲击，留下印记等，如：
Strike while the iron is hot. 趁热打铁。
The clock is striking 12. 钟在敲12点。
4）knock指敲打并伴有响声。它还有“打倒、打翻”的意思，如：
Someone is knocking at the door. 有人敲门。
He knocked the girl down. 他把这女孩撞倒了。
2. save, rescue
1) save意为“救、挽救”， 是普通而含义广泛的用语，指通过救援不但使受害者（或物）能脱离危险或祸患，而且使其能保存下来，继续得到安全享受幸福等，有时可与rescue通用，如：
They fought bravely and saved the country.他们勇敢作战，拯救了国家。
The doctors finally saved the SARS patients' lives. 医生最后救了SARS病人的命。
2）rescue常与from 连用，意为“救，营救”，它多指在直接的危险或祸患中给予迅速的救援，一般指救人。也表示从监狱中救出的意思，而save则无此意。
3. create, invent, discover和find out
1）create强调由无到有，既可创造具体的东西，也可创造抽象的东西，如：
The wealth of society is created by the laboring people. 社会的财富是劳动人民创造的。
2）invent指运用想象能力，制造出新事物，如：
Bell invented the telephone. 贝尔发明了电话。
3）discover指发现了原来存在，但尚未被人挖掘或认识的事物，如：
Columbus discovered America in 1492. 哥伦布在1492年发现了美洲。
4）find out指经过努力“把……搞清楚”,后面多接无形的东西,如:
We will find out when the class meeting will take place. 我们将弄清楚班会什么时候召开。
4. catch，seize和take
1)catch较普通常用，表示“抓住”或“发觉”某种难以捉摸、不易抓获的东西，常有主动追寻且用计谋诱捕之意。
The police caught the thief as he ran.小偷逃跑时被警察抓住了。
2）seize指突然地、迅速地用力“抓住”，又表示夺取权、抓住时间等，如：
In the fight she seized his arm.
3)take 最普通、常用。可作“拿、抢”，有不可被seize替换的习惯表达，如：
They took control of the business from the others.他们接管了那家企业。
5.unforgettable 难忘的
1) un-为否定前缀, 如unlike不像 unimportant不重要 unhappy不高兴 unhealthy不健康的 unfriendly不友好的 unlucky运气不好的 unfit不适合的 unfamiliar不熟悉的 unfair不公平的 unexpected出乎意料的
2) -able 为后缀 “可…….的”, 如acceptable 可接受的/noticeable 注意得到的
6. finally “最后” 两个用法：
一是在列举事物或论点时，用来引出最后一项内容；
二是在句中动词前面，表示“等了好久才……”。如：
We waited and waited, and the train finally arrived.我们等了又等，火车终于来了。
注意：1）at last 也可用来表示“等候或耽误了很多时间后才……”，语气比较强烈。如：
At last the work was done and he could rest.最后，工作完成了，他可以休息了。
2）In the end 表示经过许多变化、困难和捉摸不定的情况后，某事才发生。它相当于at last，
7. advance
1）v.前进；进展move forward or develop。例如：
The solders advanced on the enemy. 士兵们向敌人进发。
2）n. 前进；进展 forward movement or development. 例如：
You cannot stop the advance of old age. 你不能阻止年龄老化的步伐。
3）In advance“提前” advanced 是形容词，解释“高级的；先进的”。如
advanced education高等教育
8. seize vt, vi
1）（常与of连用）依法没收；扣押；查封
If you don't pay your debt, your property will be seized. 如果你不还债, 你的财产将被扣押。
2）（常与on, upon连用）夺取；强占
The army seized the fort. 军队占领了这个要塞。
The class which seizes the political power will be the ruling class.
哪个阶级夺取了政权就成为统治阶级。
3）（常与on, upon连用）抓住；掠住
The bird seized an unusually big beetle and bore it off to its nest.
那只鸟抓住一只特别大的甲虫把它带进窝。
4）侵袭，占有（身体）；支配，把握（情绪）
He was seized with pain. 他为痛苦所困。
5）明白, 理解 I can't quite seize your meaning. 我不太理解你的意思。
9. swallow vt, vi
1）吞下，咽下
She swallowed some milk. 她咽下几口牛奶。
2）忍受；容忍；轻信
She swallowed her displeasure and smiled.她抑制不快, 强作笑容。
3）swallow up 吞下去; 卷进去; 耗尽; 销售一空
She was swallowed up by the crowd. 她被人群吞没了。
10. fright n受惊；惊骇to die of fright 因惊骇致死
The loud thunder gave me a fright. 这声响雷吓了我一大跳。
1) 吓唬；使惊惧
He was frightened of the fierce dog. 他让这只凶猛的狗吓怕了。
2)（常与away, off, out of, into连用）吓走
He frightened off his attacker by calling for the police. 她呼叫警察把袭击者吓走了。
3）scare 在口语中的含义与frighten相同，可以通用；但是在文学作品中，用词准确的作家总是把它用于表示把某人“吓跑”
The dog scared the thief away. 那只狗把小偷吓跑了。
11.shake vt. vi.
1) 摇动，晃 动；挥动，舞动；震动
2) 挥去；摇落，抖掉 to shake leaves from a tree 把树叶从树上摇落
3) 握手 The two men shook hands. 两人握手。
4) 逃脱，摆脱 Try to shake him off. 试图摆脱他。
12. drag vt, vi
1) 拖；拉；曳 The horse was dragging a heavy load. 马拖曳着重载。
2)勉强地捱；磨蹭着走 to walk with dragging feet
3)打捞；拖捞 They dragged the river for the missing child. 他们在河里打捞失踪的孩子。
13. pull vt, vi
1) 拉；拖；牵 to pull the door open 把门拉开
A horse pulled the cart along the road. 一匹马拉着大车沿着大路走。
2)搬开；易拉动；扳动；扣 "To fire the gun, pull the trigger."要开枪就扣动板机。
3)伸展；用力拉而弄伤 He pulled the muscles in the leg. 他把腿部肌肉拉伤了。
4)脱掉；拔掉 That tooth should be pulled out. 那颗牙齿应该拔掉。
5) 吸引；招徕 The football match pulled in great crowds. 足球赛吸引了大批观众。
注意：pull ,draw, drag 比较
1）pull为通用词。常伴有状语表示拖的方向
A small fishing-boat was carried miles out to sea by a powerful fish as it pulled on the line.
一条小渔般被一条力气强大的鱼拖着鱼线带数英里以外的海上去了。
2）draw通常表示“向前方拖”，或“向施加力的人或物的方向拖或拉”，并且包含着“比较轻易地或平滑地运动”
3）If a train entered this tunnel, it would draw in fresh air behind it.
如果火车开进这条隧道，它会抽进新鲜冷空气。
4）drag的含义是“慢慢地而沉重的拽”，而且包含着被拖者进行着积极的或消极的阻抗或阻力
When he had killed the guard, the prisoner of war quickly dragged him into the bushes.
战俘杀死卫兵后，很快把他拖进矮树丛中。
14. destroy vt. vt.
1) 毁坏, 破坏 指“剧烈地破坏”、“使之不存在”或“使之失去效能”, 如:
The enemy destroyed the city.敌人破坏了这座城市。
2) 打破(希望, 计划), 使失败
The heavy rain destroyed all hope of a picnic. 大雨打破了野餐的一切希望。
15. strike vt. vi. n.
1) 打；击 He struck me with a stick. 他用棍子打我。
2) 使突然成为；使出其不意地成为 I was struck all of a heap. 我大吃一惊。
3) 打火；划火柴 The poor girl struck a match to warm herself.
这可怜的小女孩扠亮了一根火柴取暖。
4）有强烈的感受；造 成深刻的印象
How does the idea strike you 你感觉那主意怎么样？
5）突然想到； 猛然悟到 An idea suddenly struck me. 我心中忽然产生一个念头。
6）罢工 The workers were striking because they wanted more money.
工人们在罢工，因为他们要求增加工资。
16. fear 不管用作名词还是动词，基本上有两个含义，即“怕”或“担心”
1) 害怕，恐惧 He was shaking with fear. 他害怕得直发抖。
2) 担心；顾虑 There is no fear of his getting any injury.他不会受伤的。
3）vt, vi 惧怕，害怕, 担忧 I fear that they must have set off. 我怕他们已经动身了。
· 重点词组解析 ·
1．on fire着火The house is on fire.
注意与fire相关的搭配：
sb．set fire to sth. 某人点火到……上
sb．set sth. on fire 某人点着了……
sth. catch fire 某东西着火了
sth. be on fire 某东西着火了
2. a mass of/ masses of 许多；大量， 既可修饰可数名词，也可修饰不可数名词，如：
A great mass of rock had fallen from the cliff and now blocked the road.
一大堆岩石从悬崖上摔下来，堵塞了道路。
3. take place 发生
take one’s place 入座、站好位置、取得地位
take sb’s place 或take the place of sb / sth代替、取代
The Olympic Games take place / are held every four years.
3. get on one’s feet
1）站起来;站起来发言
2）(=stand on one's feet)自立, 经济上独立
3）(人)病好了, 可以起床了; (使)恢复, 复苏(指企业)
4. go through
1) 经历；经受；遭到 These countries have gone / been through too many wars.这些国家饱经战火。
2) 完成；做完 I didn't want to go through college.我不想上完大学。
3）通过；批准 The law has gone through Parliament. 议会已经通过了这项法案。
4）全面检查；搜查
They went through our luggage at the customs.在海关他们检查了我们的行李。
5. on holiday
1）在度假，在休假中
When I was on holiday, I visited my uncle. 我在度假的时候去看望了叔叔。
2）holiday(holidays)一般指“休假”
Tom and I are going to have a holiday. 我和汤姆准备去度假。
注意：have a (或one's)holiday 度假，during a holiday 在一次假期中。这种用法的holiday 总用单数形式，但并不只是“一天”假。 复数形式的holidays 泛指“假日”，如summer holidays 暑假。但“Sunday is a holiday ”中的holiday 却是“一天”的假。
· 重点句型解析 ·
1. Before she could move , she heard a great noise, which grew to a terrible roar.她还没来得及跑，就听到一个巨大的声音逐渐变成可怕的轰鸣声。
1）Before引导的状语从句常常意为“在．．．．．．之前”或“还没来得及”。
However, before she could think twice, the water was upon her.
然而，她还没来得及再思考，水已经到了她跟前。
Before they reached the house，a new great wave came，sweeping down the trees，and
sweeping them down too.
他们还没到屋子，又一个巨浪打来，冲倒了树，也冲倒了他们。
2. Tree after tree went own, cut down by the water, which must have been three metres deep.一棵又一棵的树被水冲倒、冲断。那水肯定有三米深。
“must have + 过去分词”表示对已发生事情的猜测。在英语中，must，may，can三个情态动词可用来表示对事情的猜测。Must意为“肯定”，语气很有把握；may意为“可能”、“也许”，语气把握性不大。两者常用在肯定句中。Can意为“肯定”、“也许”，常用在否定句或疑问句中。Must，may，can三者用于表示猜测时，其后面可跟三种不同的动词形式：
①跟动词原形表示对现在事情的猜测；
②跟be doing表示对正在发生事情的猜测；3）跟have done表示对已经发生的事情的猜测。Helen is Lucy’s good friend. She must know Lucy’s e-mail.
海伦是露茜的好朋友。她肯定知道露茜的电子邮件。
We can hear loud voices in the meeting room. They must be quarrelling.
我们可以听到会议室很吵。他们肯定在吵架。
· 语法精讲 ·
定语从句
1、定义：在复合句中，修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫做定语从句。被定语从句所修饰的名词或代词叫先行词。定语从句一般放在先行词的后面。引导定语从句的词有关系代词that, which, who ( 宾格whom,所有格whose)和关系副词where, when，关系代词或关系副词放在先行词和定语从句之间，起联系作用，同时又作定语从句的一个成份。例如：
The man who lives next to us sells vegetables. 住在我的隔壁的人是卖菜的。 在该句中the man 是先行词，who 是关系代词，引导定语从句who lives next to us.在定语从句中，who 作主语。
2、由关系代词who, whom, which, that引导的限定性定语从句。
1)如果先行词是人，则用关系代词who/that; 如果先行词是物，则用关系代词which/that。
2）关系代词who, whom, which, that既起联系作用，引导定语从句，使之同它句中的某个名词/代词发生关系，同时又充当定语从句的一个成份。（如作从句中的主语或宾语）。当它们在从句中作宾语时，常可以省略。 The boy(who/whom/that)we saw yesterday was John's brother.我们昨天见到的那个男孩是约翰的兄弟。
说明：关系代词whom用来指人，是宾格，常用在书面语中作定语从句的宾语。在口语和非正式文体中，常用who/that来代替whom或省略。
3）当关系代词that或which修饰事物，作介词宾语时，如果介词位于关系代词之前，则用which(不能省)而不用that。
定语从句子总结
· 同步练习 ·
一、单句改错
1. I met the lady in the park which showed us how to cook beancurd.
2. This is the house which he lived when he was a child.
3. They were very poor that they could not send him to school.
4. He has two sons, all of whom are doctors.
5. The watches which was repaired last week have not been sent back.
二、易错题练习:
1. This is the mountain village ______ we visited the other day.
A. which B. in which C. where D. when
2. A child ______ parents are dead is called an orphan.
A. which B. his C. whose D. with
3. Do you know the date _____ Lincoln was born
A. which B. when C. where D. that
4. She thought I was talking about her daughter, _____, in fact, I was talking about mydaughter.
A. whom B. where C. which D. while
5. Tom’s mother kept telling him that he should work harder, but _____ didn't help.
A. he B. which C. she D. it
6. The gentleman _____ you told me yesterday proved to be a thief.
A. who B. about whom C. whom D. with whom
7. John shut everybody out of the kitchen ______ he could prepare his grand surprise for the party.
A. which B. when C. so that D. as if
8. She found her calculator ________ she lost it.
A. where B. when C. in which D. that
答案与解析:
一、
1. which 应为who 或that, 因为这个定语从句所修饰的先行词是 the lady, 不是物。
2. which 应改为where或在 lived后加in, 用where等于in which, 而live为不及物动词。
3. very 应改为so，因为这里是 so…that结构。
4. all 应改为both，因 all只能用来指三者或三者以上的事物或人。
5. was应改为 were。定语从句中关系代词作主语，谓语动词的单复数应与先行词一致，因此which此处指 “The watches”, 故应用复数形式的谓语动词。
二、
1. A 本题先行词the mountain village指的是物，且在从句中作visit的宾语，故用which。
2. C 在定语从句中, 作定语的关系代词应用whose, whose既可指人, 也可指物。
3. B 本句中先行词the date在定语从句中是作时间状语的，故应选when。
4. D 从关键词in fact，可看出前后两个句子形成一种对比，表示的意思是：她认为我在讲她女儿，而实际上我在讲我的女儿。
5. D 本题考查并列句和定语从句的区别。在两个句子中，有but, and, or, so等作并列连词，它们连接两个分句构成并列句。
6. B 因tell sb. of/ about sth“向某人讲述某事”，本题考查“介词+关系代词”引导定语从句。
7. C 本题考查状语从句中关联词的使用，从句意上看，此处应是表示目的的状语从句。
8. A 此题考查连接副词引起一个地点状语从句的用法。注意不能选C。此题没有先行词，只能是一个状语从句。
· 课外阅读 ·
The Boy Hunting Locusts
A BOY was hunting for locusts. He had caught a goodly number, when he saw a Scorpion, and mistaking him for a locust, reached out his hand to take him. The Scorpion, showing his sting, said: If you had but touched me, my friend, you would have lost me, and all your locusts too!"
捉蚱蜢的小男孩
有个小孩在城墙前捉蚱蜢，一会儿就捉了许多。忽然看见一只蝎子，他以为也是蚱蜢， 便着两手去捕捉他。蝎子举起他的毒刺，说道：“来吧，如果你真敢这样做，就连你捉的蚱蜢也会统统失掉。”
这故事告诫人们，要分辨清好人和坏人，区别对待他们。
The Cock and the Jewel
A COCK, scratching for food for himself and his hens, found a precious stone and exclaimed: "If your owner had found thee, and not I, he would have taken thee up, and have set thee in thy first estate; but I have found thee for no purpose. I would rather have one barleycorn than all the jewels in the world."
公鸡和宝玉
一只公鸡在田野里为自己和母鸡们寻找食物。他发现了一块宝玉，便对宝玉说：“若不 是我，而是你的主人找到了你，他会非常珍惜地把你捡起来；但我发现了你却毫无用处。我 与其得到世界上一切宝玉，倒不如得到一颗麦子好。”
这是说自己需要的东西才是真正珍贵的。
Unit 5 The silver screen
· 英语小窍门 ·
英语常用口语
外出旅行时(1)
旅游信息问讯处在哪儿
Where's the tourist information center
能给我一张免费城市地图吗
May I have a free city map
博物馆几点开馆
When does the museum open When does the museum close
能告诉我这座城市有哪些好玩的地方吗
Please tell me about some interesting places in this town.
Is there anything to visit here
您对什么感兴趣
What are your interests What are you interested in
What kind of things are you interested in What do you like
· 重点词汇解析 ·
1. career n.
1)（个人的）事业 He had a very successful career.他的事业很成功。
2)职业 There are many more careers open to women now than 50 years ago.
现在比50年前有更多的职业向妇女开放了。
3)可作定语，表“生平”“生涯” He’s a career teacher; it’s the only job he’s ever
done.他是个职业教师，这是他做过的惟一的一个工作。
2. drama n.
1)剧本He has written a historic drama.他写了一个历史剧。
2)戏剧 (u) She wants to study drama and become an actress.她想学戏剧当一名演员。
3)戏剧性（u），戏剧性的事件
The history of space exploration is an exciting drama.
太空探险的历史是一个激动人心的戏剧性事件。
4)adj. dramatic(有关)戏剧的; 戏剧性的 adv. dramatically戏剧性地 n. dramatist剧作家
3. scene n.
1) 故事/ 事情发生的地方
This is the scene of accident which happened last night.这个故事发生的地方是个村庄。
2) 剧中的布景，场/风景，景象
We missed the first few scenes of the movie.电影的开始几个场景我们没看到。
Taxis and buses are part of the street scenes.出租车和公共汽车是街道的风景。
behind the scenes 到后台，在幕后
come / appear on the scene 出现 on the scene在现场，到现场
4. choice n.选择，选择的人或东西
We each had to make a choice.我们每人都的作出选择。
1)have no choice but to do…不得不做某事
We had no choice but to do what we were asked to do.
我们没有办法，只好做被要求做的事。
2)adj. 精选的，高级的
I bought some choice apples in the market.我昨天在市场上买了些上等的苹果。
5. degree n.
1) 度，级
The summer months has an average temperature of more than 30 degrees centigrade.
夏天平均温度超过30度。
2）程度
He has a high degree of ability.他能力很高。
3）学位
He took his degree in physics at the university last year.他去年在大学里获得了物理
学位。
4)to a ……degree 到……程度, 在……程度上
I agree with you to some degree.在一定程度上我同意你。
6. law n.
1) 法律 作法律统称或作为整体时多加the, 作为学科或指某类法律时常不加冠词
Law and order is necessary for a peaceful society.
法律和秩序对于社会的稳定是很有必要的。
It is against the law to steal. 偷窃是犯法的。
2）n.定律, 规律 Newton’s Law牛顿定律 the laws of nature 自然规律
3)指具体的法律; 规律, 定律, 法则 The laws of grammar语法规则
7. speed
1）n. 速度 with great speed以很快速度 /at top (full, low, safe, high, ordinary)
2)speed以顶尖速度/ 以全速/ 以低速/ 以安全的速度/ 以高速/ 以一般的速度
at a speed of 100 kilometres an hour以每小时100公里的速度
如以某个东西的速度为参照, 则为: at the speed of, 用定冠词。如：
at the speed of sound以光的速度
3）v.快速地前进 过去式sped
He sped down the street. 他沿街快速前进。
The time sped quickly by.时间飞快地过去。
8. win v. 赢得，获得，在……中获胜, 争取到
win a victory获得胜利/ a game/ a match比赛获胜/ a prize获奖 the Oscar/获奥斯卡奖/ the war战争获胜/ praises获表扬/ a hundred pounds获得一百镑/ her respect赢得她的尊敬/ hisfriendship获得他的友谊
He won the first prize for his invention.他获得了发明一等奖。
9.cruelty n. 残酷He was treated with great cruelty.他被很残酷地对待。
1)adj. be cruel to…对某人残忍的
2)It’s cruel of sb to do sth.某人做某事很残忍
It was cruel of the parents to beat the child to death.父母把这孩子打死了真残忍。
10.owe vt.
1） 欠(钱、物、债等)，后面通常接直接宾语和间接宾语，即owe sb sth 或owe sth to sb.
I owe $20 to the tailor. 我欠裁缝二十美圆。
I owed John 60 dollars when I was in Paris.我在巴黎时，欠约翰60美圆。
2）应该……归功于……
I owe it to you that I’m still alive. 我现在还活着，应该感谢你。
If I have improved in any way, I owe it all to my teacher.
如果说我有一些进步，这应该全部归功于我的老师。
3）应当给予…… I owe you many thanks.我非常感谢你。
We should do the duty which we owe to our country.我们应当对国家尽我们应尽的义务。
11.owing to， thanks to， because of的用法区别：
1)because of指原因，意为“因为”，用以指出理由。
We stayed at home. This is because of rain.我们呆在家里，因为下雨。
2)thanks to 即可表达正面意义（亏得，多亏，幸亏），又可表示讽刺意义（近乎反语“感谢”）。
Thanks to your help we were successful. 多亏你的帮助，我们成功了。
3)owing to 由于，应归功于
Owing to our joint efforts, the task was fulfilled ahead of time.
由于我们的共同努力，任务提前完成了。
12. accept 与receive区别
accept 接受，指经过考虑，由主观意志来决定接受，动作者本身是主动的。
receive 接到， 指收到某物这一动作，本身有一定的被动性，不包含本身是否愿意接受的意思。例如：
I received an invitation to the party yesterday, but I refused to accept it.
昨天我收到一份参加晚会的邀请，但我拒不接受。
13. live
1) adj. 现场播出
It isn’t a record programme; it is live.这不是录音节目, 而是现场转播。
2）adj. 活的(多作定语)
I saw a live mouse there. 我看见一只活老鼠在那儿。
3）v. 活着, 住, 生活
Eat to live, bout do not live to eat.吃饭是为了活着，但活着不是为吃饭。
辨析：live表示“活着的”，用于指物，放在名词前，只作定语用；
alive多用于指人，作表语或放在所修饰的词后；living既可指人，也可指物，放在所修饰的名词前，如带短语则放在名词后。
· 重点词组解析 ·
1. take off
1)脱下(衣服等), 解(除)掉 He took off his wet shoes.他脱下了湿鞋子。
2）（飞机）起飞
The plane took off on time. It was a smooth take-off.飞机准时起飞。起飞非常顺利。
3）匆匆离开
The six men got into the car and took off for the park.这六个人上了车，匆匆离开去公园。
2. look up 查询（如宾语为代词，则代词放中间）
Look up the word in the dictionary.在字典里查单词。
相关词组：look for 寻找；look after照顾，照料； look forward to期待；look into调查； look on旁观；look out注意；look out for注意，留心，提防；look over翻阅，查看，检查；look around环视；look through翻阅，查看。
3.think highly/well/much of对……评价很高, 赞赏, 对……印象好
He was highly thought of by the manager.经理对他非常赞赏。
I think well of your suggestion.我觉得你的建议很好。
注意：think badly/nothing/little/lowly of……认为不好, 好……不在意, 不赞成, 觉得……不怎么样
I don’t think much of him as a teacher.我觉得他作为一个老师不怎么样。
4. go wrong v. 走错路, 误入岐途, (机器等)发生故障
5. in all adv. 总共
6. stay away v.外出
7. run after追逐，追求
8. on the air广播
· 重点句型解析 ·
1. What story do you think it’s telling 你认为它讲述的是一个什么故事？
这里的do you think是插入语，还有类似的do you suppose, you know, I suppose, do you believe等。陈述句中，插入语可放在句中、句尾；特殊问句中放在句中，结构为：疑问词+插入语+陈述语序。
Who do you suppose telephoned today 你猜今天谁打电话来了？
What do you think she would feel 你认为她会感到怎么样？
2. While still a student, she played roles in many plays.
当她还是一个学生时，就多次在话剧中扮演角色了。
While still a student 相当于While she was still a student.在英语中有些表示时间、条件、方式或让步等的从句有时可省略一些成分：如果从句的主语和从句的主语一致（或者是从句的主语是it），而且从句谓语中又包含be，那么这个主语和be动词都可以省略。例如：
Don’t talk while (you are) eating.
3. Many people who saw the film were afraid to swim in the sea……
许多看过这部电影的人都不敢在海里游。
afraid 用法说明：
1）害怕人/ 物，如：be afraid of sb / sth
2）不敢做某事，如：be afraid to do sth / of doing sth
He is afraid to go out / of going out alone at night.
3) 担心会发生某事, 如: be afraid of doing sth或be afraid + that clause
He seldom stands on the river bank because he is afraid of falling into the river.
4) 给人不愉快的信息或不赞同某人意见时, 用I’m afraid …, 如:
I’m afraid I’ve got bad news for you.
4. After that it still took seven years before they finally got married.
从那以后过了七年他们才结婚。
before……（以后）才。例如：
It was a long time before I got to sleep last night.昨天夜里过了好久我才睡着。
注意before的特殊用法：
1）不等．．．．．．就，
He went out before I had (had) a chance to tell him the good news.
我还没来得及告诉他这个消息他就已经出去了。
2）（不多久．．．．．．）就
We hadn’t waited long before the bus came.我们没等多久，公共汽车就来了。
3）宁愿．．．．．．，也不．．．．．．
He will die of hunger before he will steal 他宁愿饿死，也决不行窍。
· 同步练习 ·
1. She is old enough to get married _____.
A. by law B. by the law C. to the law D. with the law
2. A film _______ is the place where films are made.
A. play B. scene C. view D. sight
3. In this film, he played the ____ of the brave policeman.
A. roles B. part C. actor D. man
4. What do you think _______ to him just now
A. did happen B. did he happen C. did it happen D. happened
5. ______ of the party, we sang a song together.
A. In the beginning B. At the beginning C. At first D. First
6. _______ , he won his first Oscar.
A. In the thirty B. In the thirties C. In his thirties D. In his thirty
7. The boy has won a prize _____ his little invention.
A. of B. by C. with D. for
8. It was a long time ______ I realized it was late.
A. after B. before C. since D. when
9. The girl said she ______ her success _____ her teachers.
A. owed, to B. gave, to C. owed, for D. thanked, for
10.His success _______ him respect of all the people in the company.
A. won B. got C. send D. caused
答案与解析
1. A by law 按法律, 不加冠词。
2. B scene故事发生的地方
3. B 短语play the part（role）of扮演某个角色; play a part in起作用; 承担任务
4. D 此句型用陈述句语序。
5. B in the beginning表示时间，不与of连用；at the beginning既可表示时间也可以表示空间，并且可同of连用。
6. C 在某人几十岁时，用短语in one’s + 数字复数形式。
7. D prize for ……的奖。
8. B 参看before的用法。
9. A owe sth to sb
10. A 赢得尊敬
· 课外阅读 ·
The Dog in the Manger
A DOG lay in a manger, and by his growling and snapping prevented the oxen from eating the hay which had been placed for them. "What a selfish Dog!" said one of them to his companions; "he cannot eat the hay himself, and yet refuses to