第4单元教案[上学期]
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文档简介
Senior book 2. Unit 4 A garden of poems
智能聚焦 knowledge points
a. Words and phrases:
poem , recite , poet , loneliness , call up, glory , pattern , belong to, absence , translate ,
translation , come into being, shade, extraordinary , idiom , stupidity , dust , crow ,
apart adv, essay , collection , recommend ,, contribute to.
b. Important sentence patterns:
belong to, play with, call up, remind sb of sth, It is +adj+inf, make+n/pron+adj+inf
c. Structure:
The Past Participle used as adverbial.
d. Functional items:
Talking about English poetry.
Expressing intention and decision.
课前热身 Warming up
1. What English poems, songs or rhymes have you read Can you recite any
2. Do you like poetry Why or why not
读写指导 Instructions for reading and writing
Reading 1. English poetry : The reading material can be divided into 3 parts.
Part 1(Para 1). Reading poetry can help people in different places and times know about each other.
Part 2(Para2-6). It describes some kinds of poetry, many poets and the characters of the poetry.
Part 3 (Para 7). Poetry can make us understand further.
Reading 2:
Main idea of each paragraph.
Para 1. Reading poetry brings people from different places and different times together.
Para 2. In Chinese history, there were many world’s greatest poets.
Para 3. Poetry often follows special patterns of rhythm and rhyme.
Para 4. A great number of fine poets were produced in the 19th century.
Para 5. Modern poets attract us most.
Para 6. Towards the end of the nineteenth century more foreign poetries were introduced to China.
Para 7. Reading Poems can help us understand each other better.
Writing: How to express intention and decision
本单元要求学生练习如何表达意图和决定。目前，写通知或求职信时，这两种表达使用较多。即向对方表达你的意愿、经历、能力、决定等，可使用以下短语和句型。Would like to , hope/ wish to do, plan to do, expect to do，offer, try one’s best，intend to do, make a decision…
例题：你是李华，申请到一家外资企业工作。对方要求你用英语写一篇短文，介绍自己的基本情况。短文应包括下表所列全部内容。
姓 名 李 华 出生年月 1977年２月 出生地 辽宁大连
学 历 1984－1990 光明小学1990－1996 大连市第六中学
所学主要课程 语文、数学、英语、物理、化学、电脑
特长 英语、电脑（去年在全校电脑竞赛中获第一名）
业余爱好 游泳、滑冰、集邮、流行音乐
注意：
1． 情况介绍必须采用短文形式；
2． 词数１００左右；
3． 短文第一句已为你写好
My name is Li Hua.…
One possible version:
My name is Li Hua. I was born in Dalian, Liaoning Province in February 1977. At the age of seven, in 1984 I started school. I studied in Guangming Primary school between 1984 and 1990. During the next six years I stayed in No. 6 Middle School of Dalian.The main subjects there included Chinese, maths, English, physics, chemistry and computer. Especially I did well in English and computer. In my spare time, I enjoyed swimming, skating ,popular music ,and stamp collecting .I expect to be employed by your company. If so, I’ll make up my mind to devote myself to the work.
英语诗的基本要求：
1． 每句的字数比较相近；
2． 一般句未压韵；
3． 用词简洁，不必句句语法结构都十分完整；
4． 内容给人留有一定的想象空间。
英语诗欣赏：
A PERFECT DAY
When you come to the end of a perfect day,
And you sit alone with your thought,
While the chimes ring out with a carol gay
For the joy that the day has brought,
Do you think what the end of a perfect day
Can mean to a tired heart,
When the sun goes down with a flaming ray,
And the dear friends have to part
Well, this is the end of a perfect day,
Near the end of a journey too;
But it leaves a thought that is big and strong,
With a wish that is kind and true.
For memory has painted this perfect day,
With colours that never fade,
And we find at the end of a perfect day,
The soul of a friend we’ve made.
要点解析 Focuses Analyzing
1. more than any other form of literature, poetry plays with sounds, words and grammar.
诗比任何文学形式在读音，用词和语法方面都讲究。这一点使得诗写起来很难。
与“play”有关的常用短语有play cards, play the violin, play foobball, play with sb 开某人的玩笑或玩弄某人。Whoever plays with fire gets burnt. 玩火者必自焚。Play a jkie/ trick on sb 对某人开玩笑。in play 开玩笑地，play a part in 在…中扮演…角色／起…作用。
eg. English plays an impootant part in the international communication.
2. That makes poetry difficult to write, but very interesting to read.
(1) make后可跟复合宾语。
eg: make the room comfortable to live in .
make it reality to go to the moon.
make him captain.
make yourself at home.
(2) 下列由make构成的短语很常用：
make a plan for, make great efforts to do.
make a promise, make progress.
make up 弥补,组成
(3) make还有下列特殊用法：
eg: ―shall we meet next week
―Yes, let’s make it next Sunday（规定时间）
―You have only 15 minutes to get your train.
―All right ,I guess I can make it.（办成功，做到）
3. His sonnets, however, belongs to the best English poetry.然而莎士比亚的十四行诗是英国最好的诗歌。belong to ,属于，to 为介词，此短语无被动语态和进行时态。eg. Success belongs to the people who work hard..在下列短语中，to都是介词。Pay attention to , stick to , look forward to, see to, devote…to，according to, grow to, thanks to, lead to…
4. The style and atmosphere in their poems has often led to comparisons with poets such as Du Fu and Li Bai.
１９世纪这些诗人所写的诗的格调与杜甫、李白的诗形成了一定的对比。
5. Poems by Du Fu, Li Bai and Wang Wei among others stand out in the halls of glory.
杜甫、李白、王维等诗人所写的诗在中国历史上享有很高的声誉。
stand out 突出、出色。Red stands out against the white background . 红色在白色背景中显得十分醒目。
6. Poetry also calls up all the colours, feelings, experiences and curious images of a dream world.诗也能勾起人对梦幻中所有色彩，情感，体验和奇特想象的回忆。
call up 打电话，召唤。有关“call”的重要短语还有： call off 取消，call on 拜访（人）号召，call at拜访（某地）, call for 需要，要求，call in 召来，叫来，call back 叫回，回电话，call one’s attention to sth 叫某人注意某事
7. remind sb of sth 提醒某人某事
The film reminded him of what he had seen in Paris.
8. it 可作形式主语和形式宾语
eg. It’s necessary for a student to learn a foreign language.
It is our fine tradition for cadres to set examples. 干部带头是我们的优良传统。
It’s no use trying to keep him in bed.
We make it clear to the whole world that all Chinese love peace and hate the war.
They find it hard to finish the task within such a short time.
It was here that I first met him. （强调句型）
9. apart
(1) adv 相隔；区分：the too villages are five li apart.
I can’t tell the twins apart.
(2) Apart from:except
Apart from this consideration, there is no reason why we should not do so.
除非考虑到这一点，否则，我们就没有理由不这样做。
10. recommend
(1) 推荐, recommend sb. sth=recommend sth to sb.向…推荐…
They recommended me a book.
(2) 建议，劝告 recommend that…(should) do
recommend sb. to do sth.
They doctor recommended the patient to do some light manual labour.
They recommended that the old should be looked after carefully.
11. contribute to=make contributions to
We youth manage to make greater contributions to the cause of socialism.
12. 本单元的重点语法是学习过去分词做状语的用法，用分词作状语时，它逻辑上的主语一般必须与句子的主语一致。
(1) 过去分词作状语，用来修饰谓语，说明动作发生的背景或情况。大多数这类状语放在句子前部。
Tonight, lit by countless electric lights, all the halls were as bright as day. 今晚无数的电灯把所有的大厅都照耀得如同白昼。
Greatly interested, I asked how he played these new works. 我大感兴趣，问他这些新作品怎样演奏。
Absorbed in the work, he neglected food and sleep. 他专心致志于这项工作，到了废寝忘餐的地步。
Built in 1192, the bridge is over 900 years old. 这座桥是一一九二年修的，已经有九百多年的历史了。
(2) 过去分词短语也可用作原因状语，相当于一个原因状语从句。
Influenced ( =As they were influenced ) by Lei Feng’s example, they performed countless good deeds. 在雷锋的事迹的影响下，他们做了无数的好事。
Born in a poor family, he had only two years of schooling. 他出身于贫苦家庭，（因此）只上了两年学。
Thus encouraged, they made a still bolder plan for the nest year. 受到了这样的鼓舞，他们第二年就制定了一个更大胆的计划。
He soon fell asleep, exhausted by the journey. 由于旅途劳累他很快就睡着了。
(3) 过去分词可作时间状语和条件状语。
Seen from the hill, the town looks magnificent. 从山上看这座城非常漂亮。
Given closer analysis, we can see this is totally wrong. 仔细分析一下，我们可以看出这是完全错误的。
Given better attention, the cabbages could have grown better. ( If they had been …) 如果管理得好一些，这些大白菜还可以长得好一点。
下面这几道题是近年在高考中对过去分词作状语的用法考察。
（NMET 2002 ，34） The research is so designed that once _____nothing can be done to change it. ( D)
A. begins B.having begun C.beginning D.begun
( NMET 2002北京春季，24 ) Prices of daily goods_____ through a computer can be lower than store prices. ( B )
A. are bought B.bought C.been bought D.buying
（2000 上海，37）____in 1636, Harvard is one of the most famous universities in the
United States. (C )
A.Being founded B.It was founded C.Founded D.Founding
（NMET 2002 北京春季，17）_______ the general state of his health , it may take him a while to recover from the operation. ( A )
A.Given B.To give C.Giving D.Having given
能力升华 Improving exercises
［知能演练］
用括号内所给词的适当形式填空
1. _____(well know )for his expert advice, he was able to help many people.
2. If______(bite ) by a snake, you should send for help and don’t walk.
3. Their workmates were surprised at his____(absent) today.
4. He didn’t know how to_______(translation) this proverb into English, then the teacher helped him out.
5. Having enough exercise and rest may ______(long) one’s life.
［高考链接］
1． Does______matter if he can’t finish the job on time (MET91,14)
A.this B.that C.he D.it
2． The right _______to the black has been returned to them by fierce fighting.
A.belonged B.belonging C.to belong D.being belonging
3． The murderer was brought in, with his hands______behind his back.(MET 90,22)
A.being tied B.having tied C.to be tied D.tied
4． ______in thought, he almost ran into the car in front of him.(NMET96,23)
A.Losing B.Having lost C.Lost D.To lost
5． Each youth should have a lot of knowledge so that they can contribute_____the country and the people efficiently.
A. to B. with C. for D. of
单元检测 Test for unit 4
I. 单项选择：（共15小题，每题材分，计15分）
１. _____more attention, the trees should have grown better.
A. Give B. Giving C. Given D. Gives
２. _____some officials, Napoleon inspected his ramy.
A. Followed B. Followed by
C. Being followed D. Having been followed
３. ______, liquids can be changed into gases.
A. Heating B. To be heated C. Heated D. Heat
４.____for a long time, the book looks old.
A. Used B. Using C. Use D. Uses
５.Please remind me____some eggs for the coming party.
A. buy B. to buy C. of buying D. for buying
６.______is one thing to enjoy listening to good music, but it is quite another to perform skillfully yourself.
A. It B. That C. This D. The one
７.The gold watch _______me for years, but the police refused to believe it was mine.
A. belonged to B. had belonged to
C. was belonged to D. had been belonged to
８.The_______living abroad alone drove him to return to China last month.
A. lonely B. lonliness C. lone D. alone
９.Because of the rainy days , the sports meet has to be_______.
A. called in B. called for C. called back D. called off
10. Don’t keep your mouth______ if you want to improve your spoken English.
A. shut B. open C. opened D. shutted
11.The furniture is rather weel made______ its brown color.
A. except B. apart from C. except for D. besides
12. he refused to ______, though I _____him to.
A. take part, advised B. join, persuaded
C.take part in , advised D. join in, tried to persuade
13. －Was the test difficult
－Not at all, we found_____.
A. very easy to do it B. it very easy to do
C. it very easy to do it D. it is easy to do
14. ―Betty told me once that she had a fall and broke her arm.
―___was that
A. Since when B. How long ago C. On when D. For how long
15. ―Hello; Tom, where were you last night
―________.
A. To Brown’s B. To the Brown’s C. At Brown’s D. In the Brown’s
II. 完形填空：（每题1.5分，共30分
Living one’s life is really like driving on a highway. First, the driver must carefully examine the 16 of his car, just as he cares for his health for a good life. Once he enters the highway, he must 17 certain rules for his own safety. It can also be said that he must obey certain rules of 18 when living as a decent（高雅的）adult. For example, on the highway, he is 19 to keep a constant speed which can be compared with his 20 activities through his life. Neither driving nor living must be taken at too 21 a speed nor at too slow a speed. If he drives too 22 ,the police will give him a ticket, just as he will be arrested when he breaks the law. 23 too conservatively（保守地）,he will be called an out-of-date person 24 the others driving at the proper speed. When he wants to change lanes, he must give careful 25 to every direction of his car. It is sometimes 26 to change the way of life 27 he can be sure of completion by doing so. He 28 not make any unnecessary changing of lanes which gives him only danger. Finally, he must 29 where he is now by recognizing some 30 appearing now and then. If he takes the wrong turning , he must return to the right path 31 soon as he can . But he may thus lose 32 and energy both on the road and in life.
33 the whole, driving on a highway and living one’s life are both hard work. 34 if he is careful and serious enough , 35 will provide him much pleasure.
16. A. seat B. condition C. petrol D. passenger
17. A. listen to B. find C. follow D. insist on
18. A. society B. school C. group D.highway
19. A. glad B. required C. made D. anxious
20. A. broken B. outdoor C. made D. continuous
21. A. large B. high C. limited D. expected
22. A. speedily B. slowly C. orderly D. willingly
23. A. Doing B. Acting C. Going D. Working
24. A. persuading B. getting C. interrupting D. refusing
25. A. care B. attention C. signals D. regards
26. A. dangerous B. worthy C. unfit D. troublesome
27. A. if B. when C. unless D. because
28. A. dare B. need C. may D. should
29. A. think B. discover C. prove D. look
30. A. signs B. roads C. posters D. people
31. A. so B. as C. just D. very
32. A. money B. luck C. time D. trust
33. A. In B. With C. About D. On
34. A. Therefore B. But C. And D. Then
III. 35. A. it B. he C. they D. you
IV. 阅读理解（10小题，每题２分，共20分）
Ａ
These days, most people in Britain and the US do not wear very formal（正式的）clothes. But sometimes it is important to wear the right thing.
Many British people don’t think about clothes very much. They just like to be comfortable. When they go out to enjoy themselves, they can wear almost anything. At theatres, cinemas and concerts you can put on what you like－from beautiful suits and dresses to jeans and sweaters. Anything goes, as long as you look clean and tidy.
But in Britain, as well as the US, men in offices usually wear suits and ties and women wear dresses or skirts（not trousers）. Doctors , and business people always wear quite formal clothes. And in some hotels and restaurants men have to wear ties and women have to wear tidy dresses.
In many ways, American are less formal than British people , but they are more careful with their clothes. At home, or on holiday, most Americans wear informal or sport clothes. But when they go out in the evening, they like to look nice. In good hotels and restaurants, men have to wear jackets and ties, and women have to wear pretty clothes.
It is difficult to say exactly what people wear in Britain and the US, because everyone is different. If you are not sure what to wear, watch what other people do and then do the same. You’ll feel more comfortable if you don’t look too different from everyone else.
36. People in Britain and the US wear informal clothes when they _______.
A. go out to enjoy themselves B. are in offices
C. are in big restaurants D. go out to work
37. at concerts business people wear______.
A. sweaters B. whatever they like C. what others wear D. like players
38. which of the following is true according to the passage
A. Women are usually not allowed to wear trousers in offices.
B. Lawyers always wear formal clothes even though they are at home.
C. American people are more relaxed in their clothes than British people.
D. Though everyone is different, they wear the same clothes in offices.
39. “ Anything goes”in the second paragraph means______.
A. Any clothes are acceptable B. Anything leaves
C. All the things around are all right D. Not any clothes are all right
40. Men wear ties when ______in the US.
A. they meet their wives B. they meet good friends
C. they eat something expensive D. they are dinners in good restaurants
Ｂ
If you have to miss one meal a day (or if you want to do so), which meal will cause you fewest health problems If they have to make a decision of this type , most people, especially dieters or very busy people , will choose to give up breakfast.
However , many experts in the field of health consider breakfast the most important meal of the day. If we eat a good breakfast, we will have the evergy and nutrients needed to begin our working day. However , many people prefer to have a donut and a cup of coffee instead of a well-balanced meal. What happens if we pay no attention to the importance of breakfast
One recent study in the US tested a large number of people. Those who took part in the experiment included both males and females aged 12 to 83. During the experiment, these people were given a variety of breakfasts, and sometimes, they didn’t have breakfast at all. Special tests, including blood tests and endurance（忍耐力）tests, were set up to show how well their bodies worked when they had eaten a certain kind of breakfast.
The results have shown that if a person eats and adequate breakfast, he of she will work more efficiently and more productively than if he or she has no breakfast or eats a very poor breakfast. This fact appears to be especially true if mental activity is included in a person’s work. The study has shown that if schoolchildren ear fruit, eggs, bread and milk before going to school, they will learn more quickly and will be able to work hard on their lessons for longer a period of time than if their breakfast diet is inadequate.
41. many experts in the field of health think that_______.
A. one must miss one meal a day
B. most people should have no breakfast
C. it is good for one’s health to have one meal less a day
D. breakfast is the most important meal in a working day
42. According to this passage, those who took part in the experiment were_____.
A. adults B. males of different ages
C. both teenagers and grown-ups D. mostly young people under 20
43. During the experiment, these people were given____,and sometimes they had no breakfast at all.
A. different kinds of breakfasts B. a very good breakfast
C. poor breakfast D. all three meals
44. Special tests were set up to show how the people’s bodies worked when they had_____.
A. no breakfast B. eaten particular breakfasts
C. had breakfast D. had all three meals
45. The underlined word“adequate”in the last paragraph means_____.
V. A. good enough B.various enough C. big enough D. timely enough
VI. 短文改错：（每题１分，共10分）
My favourite sport is football. I was a member of 46._____________
our school football team. We practise for three times 47.____________
every week and often watch football match on TV 48.____________
together. Play football not only makes us grow up 49.____________
tall and strong but also give us a sense of fair play and 50.____________
team spirit. We must keep in mind that we play 51.____________
for the team instead ourselves. Also , the sport 52.____________
teaches us the important of obedience（服从）. Each 53.____________
Player must obey captain, who is the leader of 54.____________
the team. And they must not break the rules too 55.____________
often if we want to win the game.
VII. 写作：
为了丰富外国留学生的生活，你校学生会将举办一次音乐周活动。请你以组织者的身份写一个书面通知。有关内容如下：
时间：５月第１周
活动：１．演唱歌曲：流行歌曲
２．器乐演奏：古典和民间音乐
３．音乐比赛：听歌曲片断，然后猜出处
地点：届时通知
参加者请于４月２０日前报名。
注意：１．书面通知应写成一篇连贯的短文；
２．可以适当增减细节；
３．词数１００左右；
４．通知格式已为你写好；
５．生词：古典－classical 民间－folk 乐器－musical instruments
比赛－contest
April 30,2000
Dear students.
Come to the great fun!
Students Union
答 案
知能演练
1． well known ２．bitten ３．absence ４．translate ５．Lengthen
高考链接 １－５ ＤＢＤＣＡ
单元检测
I. １－５ ＣＢＣＡＣ ６－10 ＡＢＢＤＡ 11－15 ＣＡＢＢＣ
II. 16－20 ＢＣＡＢＤ 21－25 ＢＡＢＣＢ
26－30 ＡＣＤＢＡ 31－35 ＢＣＤＢＣ
III. 36－40 ＡＢＡＡＤ 41－45 ＤＣＡＢＡ
IV. 46.was→am 47. for去掉 48 . match→matches
49.play→playing 50. gire→gives 51. √
52.instead∧→of 53.important→importance
54.∧captain→the 55.they→we
V. 内容要点有：
1． 学生会将举办音乐周；
2． 介绍音乐周的演唱及演奏内容；
3． 活动内容还包括音乐比赛；
4． 介绍音乐比赛的内容和方法；
5． 报名时间、地点和方法。
One Possible Version:
Dear students,
The Students Union has decided to organize a music week. It will be held in the first week of May. The activities include singing pop songs and playing classical and folk music. Bring your own musical instruments, please. A music contest will be included, too. The students taking part in the contest will listen to part of a song or a piece of music, and then guess where it comes from. If you’d like to take part in the music week, please come and sign up for it before April 20th. The place for the activities will be announced later.
Come to the great fun
Students Union
PAGE
8
智能聚焦 knowledge points
a. Words and phrases:
poem , recite , poet , loneliness , call up, glory , pattern , belong to, absence , translate ,
translation , come into being, shade, extraordinary , idiom , stupidity , dust , crow ,
apart adv, essay , collection , recommend ,, contribute to.
b. Important sentence patterns:
belong to, play with, call up, remind sb of sth, It is +adj+inf, make+n/pron+adj+inf
c. Structure:
The Past Participle used as adverbial.
d. Functional items:
Talking about English poetry.
Expressing intention and decision.
课前热身 Warming up
1. What English poems, songs or rhymes have you read Can you recite any
2. Do you like poetry Why or why not
读写指导 Instructions for reading and writing
Reading 1. English poetry : The reading material can be divided into 3 parts.
Part 1(Para 1). Reading poetry can help people in different places and times know about each other.
Part 2(Para2-6). It describes some kinds of poetry, many poets and the characters of the poetry.
Part 3 (Para 7). Poetry can make us understand further.
Reading 2:
Main idea of each paragraph.
Para 1. Reading poetry brings people from different places and different times together.
Para 2. In Chinese history, there were many world’s greatest poets.
Para 3. Poetry often follows special patterns of rhythm and rhyme.
Para 4. A great number of fine poets were produced in the 19th century.
Para 5. Modern poets attract us most.
Para 6. Towards the end of the nineteenth century more foreign poetries were introduced to China.
Para 7. Reading Poems can help us understand each other better.
Writing: How to express intention and decision
本单元要求学生练习如何表达意图和决定。目前，写通知或求职信时，这两种表达使用较多。即向对方表达你的意愿、经历、能力、决定等，可使用以下短语和句型。Would like to , hope/ wish to do, plan to do, expect to do，offer, try one’s best，intend to do, make a decision…
例题：你是李华，申请到一家外资企业工作。对方要求你用英语写一篇短文，介绍自己的基本情况。短文应包括下表所列全部内容。
姓 名 李 华 出生年月 1977年２月 出生地 辽宁大连
学 历 1984－1990 光明小学1990－1996 大连市第六中学
所学主要课程 语文、数学、英语、物理、化学、电脑
特长 英语、电脑（去年在全校电脑竞赛中获第一名）
业余爱好 游泳、滑冰、集邮、流行音乐
注意：
1． 情况介绍必须采用短文形式；
2． 词数１００左右；
3． 短文第一句已为你写好
My name is Li Hua.…
One possible version:
My name is Li Hua. I was born in Dalian, Liaoning Province in February 1977. At the age of seven, in 1984 I started school. I studied in Guangming Primary school between 1984 and 1990. During the next six years I stayed in No. 6 Middle School of Dalian.The main subjects there included Chinese, maths, English, physics, chemistry and computer. Especially I did well in English and computer. In my spare time, I enjoyed swimming, skating ,popular music ,and stamp collecting .I expect to be employed by your company. If so, I’ll make up my mind to devote myself to the work.
英语诗的基本要求：
1． 每句的字数比较相近；
2． 一般句未压韵；
3． 用词简洁，不必句句语法结构都十分完整；
4． 内容给人留有一定的想象空间。
英语诗欣赏：
A PERFECT DAY
When you come to the end of a perfect day,
And you sit alone with your thought,
While the chimes ring out with a carol gay
For the joy that the day has brought,
Do you think what the end of a perfect day
Can mean to a tired heart,
When the sun goes down with a flaming ray,
And the dear friends have to part
Well, this is the end of a perfect day,
Near the end of a journey too;
But it leaves a thought that is big and strong,
With a wish that is kind and true.
For memory has painted this perfect day,
With colours that never fade,
And we find at the end of a perfect day,
The soul of a friend we’ve made.
要点解析 Focuses Analyzing
1. more than any other form of literature, poetry plays with sounds, words and grammar.
诗比任何文学形式在读音，用词和语法方面都讲究。这一点使得诗写起来很难。
与“play”有关的常用短语有play cards, play the violin, play foobball, play with sb 开某人的玩笑或玩弄某人。Whoever plays with fire gets burnt. 玩火者必自焚。Play a jkie/ trick on sb 对某人开玩笑。in play 开玩笑地，play a part in 在…中扮演…角色／起…作用。
eg. English plays an impootant part in the international communication.
2. That makes poetry difficult to write, but very interesting to read.
(1) make后可跟复合宾语。
eg: make the room comfortable to live in .
make it reality to go to the moon.
make him captain.
make yourself at home.
(2) 下列由make构成的短语很常用：
make a plan for, make great efforts to do.
make a promise, make progress.
make up 弥补,组成
(3) make还有下列特殊用法：
eg: ―shall we meet next week
―Yes, let’s make it next Sunday（规定时间）
―You have only 15 minutes to get your train.
―All right ,I guess I can make it.（办成功，做到）
3. His sonnets, however, belongs to the best English poetry.然而莎士比亚的十四行诗是英国最好的诗歌。belong to ,属于，to 为介词，此短语无被动语态和进行时态。eg. Success belongs to the people who work hard..在下列短语中，to都是介词。Pay attention to , stick to , look forward to, see to, devote…to，according to, grow to, thanks to, lead to…
4. The style and atmosphere in their poems has often led to comparisons with poets such as Du Fu and Li Bai.
１９世纪这些诗人所写的诗的格调与杜甫、李白的诗形成了一定的对比。
5. Poems by Du Fu, Li Bai and Wang Wei among others stand out in the halls of glory.
杜甫、李白、王维等诗人所写的诗在中国历史上享有很高的声誉。
stand out 突出、出色。Red stands out against the white background . 红色在白色背景中显得十分醒目。
6. Poetry also calls up all the colours, feelings, experiences and curious images of a dream world.诗也能勾起人对梦幻中所有色彩，情感，体验和奇特想象的回忆。
call up 打电话，召唤。有关“call”的重要短语还有： call off 取消，call on 拜访（人）号召，call at拜访（某地）, call for 需要，要求，call in 召来，叫来，call back 叫回，回电话，call one’s attention to sth 叫某人注意某事
7. remind sb of sth 提醒某人某事
The film reminded him of what he had seen in Paris.
8. it 可作形式主语和形式宾语
eg. It’s necessary for a student to learn a foreign language.
It is our fine tradition for cadres to set examples. 干部带头是我们的优良传统。
It’s no use trying to keep him in bed.
We make it clear to the whole world that all Chinese love peace and hate the war.
They find it hard to finish the task within such a short time.
It was here that I first met him. （强调句型）
9. apart
(1) adv 相隔；区分：the too villages are five li apart.
I can’t tell the twins apart.
(2) Apart from:except
Apart from this consideration, there is no reason why we should not do so.
除非考虑到这一点，否则，我们就没有理由不这样做。
10. recommend
(1) 推荐, recommend sb. sth=recommend sth to sb.向…推荐…
They recommended me a book.
(2) 建议，劝告 recommend that…(should) do
recommend sb. to do sth.
They doctor recommended the patient to do some light manual labour.
They recommended that the old should be looked after carefully.
11. contribute to=make contributions to
We youth manage to make greater contributions to the cause of socialism.
12. 本单元的重点语法是学习过去分词做状语的用法，用分词作状语时，它逻辑上的主语一般必须与句子的主语一致。
(1) 过去分词作状语，用来修饰谓语，说明动作发生的背景或情况。大多数这类状语放在句子前部。
Tonight, lit by countless electric lights, all the halls were as bright as day. 今晚无数的电灯把所有的大厅都照耀得如同白昼。
Greatly interested, I asked how he played these new works. 我大感兴趣，问他这些新作品怎样演奏。
Absorbed in the work, he neglected food and sleep. 他专心致志于这项工作，到了废寝忘餐的地步。
Built in 1192, the bridge is over 900 years old. 这座桥是一一九二年修的，已经有九百多年的历史了。
(2) 过去分词短语也可用作原因状语，相当于一个原因状语从句。
Influenced ( =As they were influenced ) by Lei Feng’s example, they performed countless good deeds. 在雷锋的事迹的影响下，他们做了无数的好事。
Born in a poor family, he had only two years of schooling. 他出身于贫苦家庭，（因此）只上了两年学。
Thus encouraged, they made a still bolder plan for the nest year. 受到了这样的鼓舞，他们第二年就制定了一个更大胆的计划。
He soon fell asleep, exhausted by the journey. 由于旅途劳累他很快就睡着了。
(3) 过去分词可作时间状语和条件状语。
Seen from the hill, the town looks magnificent. 从山上看这座城非常漂亮。
Given closer analysis, we can see this is totally wrong. 仔细分析一下，我们可以看出这是完全错误的。
Given better attention, the cabbages could have grown better. ( If they had been …) 如果管理得好一些，这些大白菜还可以长得好一点。
下面这几道题是近年在高考中对过去分词作状语的用法考察。
（NMET 2002 ，34） The research is so designed that once _____nothing can be done to change it. ( D)
A. begins B.having begun C.beginning D.begun
( NMET 2002北京春季，24 ) Prices of daily goods_____ through a computer can be lower than store prices. ( B )
A. are bought B.bought C.been bought D.buying
（2000 上海，37）____in 1636, Harvard is one of the most famous universities in the
United States. (C )
A.Being founded B.It was founded C.Founded D.Founding
（NMET 2002 北京春季，17）_______ the general state of his health , it may take him a while to recover from the operation. ( A )
A.Given B.To give C.Giving D.Having given
能力升华 Improving exercises
［知能演练］
用括号内所给词的适当形式填空
1. _____(well know )for his expert advice, he was able to help many people.
2. If______(bite ) by a snake, you should send for help and don’t walk.
3. Their workmates were surprised at his____(absent) today.
4. He didn’t know how to_______(translation) this proverb into English, then the teacher helped him out.
5. Having enough exercise and rest may ______(long) one’s life.
［高考链接］
1． Does______matter if he can’t finish the job on time (MET91,14)
A.this B.that C.he D.it
2． The right _______to the black has been returned to them by fierce fighting.
A.belonged B.belonging C.to belong D.being belonging
3． The murderer was brought in, with his hands______behind his back.(MET 90,22)
A.being tied B.having tied C.to be tied D.tied
4． ______in thought, he almost ran into the car in front of him.(NMET96,23)
A.Losing B.Having lost C.Lost D.To lost
5． Each youth should have a lot of knowledge so that they can contribute_____the country and the people efficiently.
A. to B. with C. for D. of
单元检测 Test for unit 4
I. 单项选择：（共15小题，每题材分，计15分）
１. _____more attention, the trees should have grown better.
A. Give B. Giving C. Given D. Gives
２. _____some officials, Napoleon inspected his ramy.
A. Followed B. Followed by
C. Being followed D. Having been followed
３. ______, liquids can be changed into gases.
A. Heating B. To be heated C. Heated D. Heat
４.____for a long time, the book looks old.
A. Used B. Using C. Use D. Uses
５.Please remind me____some eggs for the coming party.
A. buy B. to buy C. of buying D. for buying
６.______is one thing to enjoy listening to good music, but it is quite another to perform skillfully yourself.
A. It B. That C. This D. The one
７.The gold watch _______me for years, but the police refused to believe it was mine.
A. belonged to B. had belonged to
C. was belonged to D. had been belonged to
８.The_______living abroad alone drove him to return to China last month.
A. lonely B. lonliness C. lone D. alone
９.Because of the rainy days , the sports meet has to be_______.
A. called in B. called for C. called back D. called off
10. Don’t keep your mouth______ if you want to improve your spoken English.
A. shut B. open C. opened D. shutted
11.The furniture is rather weel made______ its brown color.
A. except B. apart from C. except for D. besides
12. he refused to ______, though I _____him to.
A. take part, advised B. join, persuaded
C.take part in , advised D. join in, tried to persuade
13. －Was the test difficult
－Not at all, we found_____.
A. very easy to do it B. it very easy to do
C. it very easy to do it D. it is easy to do
14. ―Betty told me once that she had a fall and broke her arm.
―___was that
A. Since when B. How long ago C. On when D. For how long
15. ―Hello; Tom, where were you last night
―________.
A. To Brown’s B. To the Brown’s C. At Brown’s D. In the Brown’s
II. 完形填空：（每题1.5分，共30分
Living one’s life is really like driving on a highway. First, the driver must carefully examine the 16 of his car, just as he cares for his health for a good life. Once he enters the highway, he must 17 certain rules for his own safety. It can also be said that he must obey certain rules of 18 when living as a decent（高雅的）adult. For example, on the highway, he is 19 to keep a constant speed which can be compared with his 20 activities through his life. Neither driving nor living must be taken at too 21 a speed nor at too slow a speed. If he drives too 22 ,the police will give him a ticket, just as he will be arrested when he breaks the law. 23 too conservatively（保守地）,he will be called an out-of-date person 24 the others driving at the proper speed. When he wants to change lanes, he must give careful 25 to every direction of his car. It is sometimes 26 to change the way of life 27 he can be sure of completion by doing so. He 28 not make any unnecessary changing of lanes which gives him only danger. Finally, he must 29 where he is now by recognizing some 30 appearing now and then. If he takes the wrong turning , he must return to the right path 31 soon as he can . But he may thus lose 32 and energy both on the road and in life.
33 the whole, driving on a highway and living one’s life are both hard work. 34 if he is careful and serious enough , 35 will provide him much pleasure.
16. A. seat B. condition C. petrol D. passenger
17. A. listen to B. find C. follow D. insist on
18. A. society B. school C. group D.highway
19. A. glad B. required C. made D. anxious
20. A. broken B. outdoor C. made D. continuous
21. A. large B. high C. limited D. expected
22. A. speedily B. slowly C. orderly D. willingly
23. A. Doing B. Acting C. Going D. Working
24. A. persuading B. getting C. interrupting D. refusing
25. A. care B. attention C. signals D. regards
26. A. dangerous B. worthy C. unfit D. troublesome
27. A. if B. when C. unless D. because
28. A. dare B. need C. may D. should
29. A. think B. discover C. prove D. look
30. A. signs B. roads C. posters D. people
31. A. so B. as C. just D. very
32. A. money B. luck C. time D. trust
33. A. In B. With C. About D. On
34. A. Therefore B. But C. And D. Then
III. 35. A. it B. he C. they D. you
IV. 阅读理解（10小题，每题２分，共20分）
Ａ
These days, most people in Britain and the US do not wear very formal（正式的）clothes. But sometimes it is important to wear the right thing.
Many British people don’t think about clothes very much. They just like to be comfortable. When they go out to enjoy themselves, they can wear almost anything. At theatres, cinemas and concerts you can put on what you like－from beautiful suits and dresses to jeans and sweaters. Anything goes, as long as you look clean and tidy.
But in Britain, as well as the US, men in offices usually wear suits and ties and women wear dresses or skirts（not trousers）. Doctors , and business people always wear quite formal clothes. And in some hotels and restaurants men have to wear ties and women have to wear tidy dresses.
In many ways, American are less formal than British people , but they are more careful with their clothes. At home, or on holiday, most Americans wear informal or sport clothes. But when they go out in the evening, they like to look nice. In good hotels and restaurants, men have to wear jackets and ties, and women have to wear pretty clothes.
It is difficult to say exactly what people wear in Britain and the US, because everyone is different. If you are not sure what to wear, watch what other people do and then do the same. You’ll feel more comfortable if you don’t look too different from everyone else.
36. People in Britain and the US wear informal clothes when they _______.
A. go out to enjoy themselves B. are in offices
C. are in big restaurants D. go out to work
37. at concerts business people wear______.
A. sweaters B. whatever they like C. what others wear D. like players
38. which of the following is true according to the passage
A. Women are usually not allowed to wear trousers in offices.
B. Lawyers always wear formal clothes even though they are at home.
C. American people are more relaxed in their clothes than British people.
D. Though everyone is different, they wear the same clothes in offices.
39. “ Anything goes”in the second paragraph means______.
A. Any clothes are acceptable B. Anything leaves
C. All the things around are all right D. Not any clothes are all right
40. Men wear ties when ______in the US.
A. they meet their wives B. they meet good friends
C. they eat something expensive D. they are dinners in good restaurants
Ｂ
If you have to miss one meal a day (or if you want to do so), which meal will cause you fewest health problems If they have to make a decision of this type , most people, especially dieters or very busy people , will choose to give up breakfast.
However , many experts in the field of health consider breakfast the most important meal of the day. If we eat a good breakfast, we will have the evergy and nutrients needed to begin our working day. However , many people prefer to have a donut and a cup of coffee instead of a well-balanced meal. What happens if we pay no attention to the importance of breakfast
One recent study in the US tested a large number of people. Those who took part in the experiment included both males and females aged 12 to 83. During the experiment, these people were given a variety of breakfasts, and sometimes, they didn’t have breakfast at all. Special tests, including blood tests and endurance（忍耐力）tests, were set up to show how well their bodies worked when they had eaten a certain kind of breakfast.
The results have shown that if a person eats and adequate breakfast, he of she will work more efficiently and more productively than if he or she has no breakfast or eats a very poor breakfast. This fact appears to be especially true if mental activity is included in a person’s work. The study has shown that if schoolchildren ear fruit, eggs, bread and milk before going to school, they will learn more quickly and will be able to work hard on their lessons for longer a period of time than if their breakfast diet is inadequate.
41. many experts in the field of health think that_______.
A. one must miss one meal a day
B. most people should have no breakfast
C. it is good for one’s health to have one meal less a day
D. breakfast is the most important meal in a working day
42. According to this passage, those who took part in the experiment were_____.
A. adults B. males of different ages
C. both teenagers and grown-ups D. mostly young people under 20
43. During the experiment, these people were given____,and sometimes they had no breakfast at all.
A. different kinds of breakfasts B. a very good breakfast
C. poor breakfast D. all three meals
44. Special tests were set up to show how the people’s bodies worked when they had_____.
A. no breakfast B. eaten particular breakfasts
C. had breakfast D. had all three meals
45. The underlined word“adequate”in the last paragraph means_____.
V. A. good enough B.various enough C. big enough D. timely enough
VI. 短文改错：（每题１分，共10分）
My favourite sport is football. I was a member of 46._____________
our school football team. We practise for three times 47.____________
every week and often watch football match on TV 48.____________
together. Play football not only makes us grow up 49.____________
tall and strong but also give us a sense of fair play and 50.____________
team spirit. We must keep in mind that we play 51.____________
for the team instead ourselves. Also , the sport 52.____________
teaches us the important of obedience（服从）. Each 53.____________
Player must obey captain, who is the leader of 54.____________
the team. And they must not break the rules too 55.____________
often if we want to win the game.
VII. 写作：
为了丰富外国留学生的生活，你校学生会将举办一次音乐周活动。请你以组织者的身份写一个书面通知。有关内容如下：
时间：５月第１周
活动：１．演唱歌曲：流行歌曲
２．器乐演奏：古典和民间音乐
３．音乐比赛：听歌曲片断，然后猜出处
地点：届时通知
参加者请于４月２０日前报名。
注意：１．书面通知应写成一篇连贯的短文；
２．可以适当增减细节；
３．词数１００左右；
４．通知格式已为你写好；
５．生词：古典－classical 民间－folk 乐器－musical instruments
比赛－contest
April 30,2000
Dear students.
Come to the great fun!
Students Union
答 案
知能演练
1． well known ２．bitten ３．absence ４．translate ５．Lengthen
高考链接 １－５ ＤＢＤＣＡ
单元检测
I. １－５ ＣＢＣＡＣ ６－10 ＡＢＢＤＡ 11－15 ＣＡＢＢＣ
II. 16－20 ＢＣＡＢＤ 21－25 ＢＡＢＣＢ
26－30 ＡＣＤＢＡ 31－35 ＢＣＤＢＣ
III. 36－40 ＡＢＡＡＤ 41－45 ＤＣＡＢＡ
IV. 46.was→am 47. for去掉 48 . match→matches
49.play→playing 50. gire→gives 51. √
52.instead∧→of 53.important→importance
54.∧captain→the 55.they→we
V. 内容要点有：
1． 学生会将举办音乐周；
2． 介绍音乐周的演唱及演奏内容；
3． 活动内容还包括音乐比赛；
4． 介绍音乐比赛的内容和方法；
5． 报名时间、地点和方法。
One Possible Version:
Dear students,
The Students Union has decided to organize a music week. It will be held in the first week of May. The activities include singing pop songs and playing classical and folk music. Bring your own musical instruments, please. A music contest will be included, too. The students taking part in the contest will listen to part of a song or a piece of music, and then guess where it comes from. If you’d like to take part in the music week, please come and sign up for it before April 20th. The place for the activities will be announced later.
Come to the great fun
Students Union
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