虚拟语气[上学期]
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虚拟语气(The Subjunctive Mood)
1. 定义：
虚拟语气是一种特殊的动词形式，一是用来表示说话人所说的话不是一个事实，而是一种假设、猜测、怀疑等(在条件从句中或让步状语从句中)；一是表示说话人的愿望、要求、命令、建议等 (在宾语从句、表语从句、同位语从句)。
用法：
二．用法：
1. 用在if引导的虚拟条件句中，有三中假设。
主句 if从句
现在事实相反 would\could\should\might+do Ved(were)
过去事实相反 would\could\should\might+have done had done
过去事实相反would\could\should\might+do Ved\
should+do\
were to+do
e.g. If I were you, I would not do that.
If I had much money, I should buy a house.
If we had arrived here two minutes earlier,we could have caught the train.
If it should rain\rained\were to rain tomorrow. I wouldn't go out .
If I did that, she would feel very surprised.
注意：如果从句中含有were, should ,had时，可省略 if 而把这三个词提到主语之前。
Were I you, I would take the job.
Had you come yesterday, you would have met him.
错综时间条件句
有时条件句所表示的行为和主句表示的行为发生的时间不一致，动词形式要根据所表示的时间来调整。
If I were you, I would have gone with her.
(I didn't go with her because I'm not you)
If she had taken the medicine, she would be all right now.
If you had worked hard, you would be very tived.
If they had studied hard, they could do it easily now.
如果他们以前努力学习的话，现在干的就会容易些。
If he had not taken my advice, he wouldn‘t do it much better like this.
如果他不听取我的建议，他就不会干得这样好。
If I were you, I would have gone with him.
虚拟语气可用下列几种方式表示条件。
a.省略if,把were, should ,had 提前。
Were he here, he would help us.
b. 用without 和 but表示“如果没有”
Without plants, there would be no animals.
But for air and water, no living things would exist.
c.if it were not for. 假若没有…的话
If it were not for water, no plant could grow.
d.利用上下文来表示.
It would be a mistake, not to help him\if we didn't help him.
2.虚拟语气用在宾语从句中。
记住：这些动词后面接的宾语从句：表示愿望( wish), 建议(suggest, advise, propose, recommend) ，要求(demand, request, require, insist), 命令(order, command)等。
除wish外，其它动词用should + do 构成, should 可以省略。
wish 引导的宾语从句中。
表示无论怎样也不可能实现的愿望。译作“就好了”，“但愿”
如果表示与现在事实相反，从句用Ved(were)
如果表示与过去事实相反，从句用had done
如果表示与将来事实相反，从句用would\could\might+do
I wish she would be on my side.
我希望她能站在我一边。
I wish I were 30 years younger.
我但愿自己能年轻三十岁。
I wish (that) you would get a good job.
我希望你能找到一个好职业。
He wished he hadn't done it.
他想要是他没这样做该多好。
He ordered that the students wash the clothes every week by themselves.
他要求学生每周都要自己洗衣服。
I wish I knew how to drive a car.
I wish I were 10 years younger.
I wish you had been here yesterday.
He wishes you would go and visit him.
I wish the boys would be quiet.
记住：insist / suggest 各有两种意思，要用不同的语气
Insist 表示“坚决要求”时，用虚拟形式，即 should + do;
Insist 表示“坚称，坚持说”时，用陈述语气，表示事实。
Suggest 表示“建议”时，用虚拟形式。
Suggest 表示“表明、暗示”时，用陈述语气。
[例句]
The teacher suggested that we (should) clean the blackboard after class.
老师建议我们课后把黑板擦了。
He insisted that all of us should be there on time by any means.
他坚持要我们大家想尽办法按时去那儿。
He insisted that he was right.
would rather 从句中与过去事实相反用 had done
与现在和将来事实相反用 Ved
I'd rather you had gone there.
I'd rather you came tomorrow.
I'd rather you didn't do it.
3.用在as if\though, even if\though引导的状语或表语从句中。
表示不可能实现或不真实的情况时。
如果从句所表示的动作发生在现在，从句用Ved(were)
如果从句所表示的动作发生在过去，从句用 had done
如果从句所表示的动作发生在将来，从句用would do
Even if I were in his place, I wouldn't go.
You look as if you were ill.
He speaks English so fluently as if he had studied English in England.
4. 用在suggesting, proposal, request, order, idea, plan, advice 等引导的表语和同位语从句中。表示愿望，建议，命令的情绪。结构（should)+do
They received orders that the work (should) be done at once.
Our suggestion is that you (should) be there on time.
The suggestion that students (should) learn something practical is worth considering.
Do you know the order that you (should) keep watch.
5. 用在It is necessary\important\strange\desired \requested\ suggested\ proposed\ ordered \has been decided that主语 +(should)+do
It is desired that we (should)get everything ready by this afternoon.
It’s necessary that we should have a walk now.
我们有必要出去散散步。
It’s natural that she should do so.
她这样做是很自然的。
It’s important that we should take good care of the patient.
重要的是我们要照顾好病人。
6.It is high\about time that +Ved(were)\should（不能省） +do
It's time that we went home\should go home.
It's high tme that you should leave\left。
7. 用在if only 引导的感叹句中。译成“要是... 就好了用法同. as if
e.g. If only I had taken his advice.
If only I were a bird.
1. 定义：
虚拟语气是一种特殊的动词形式，一是用来表示说话人所说的话不是一个事实，而是一种假设、猜测、怀疑等(在条件从句中或让步状语从句中)；一是表示说话人的愿望、要求、命令、建议等 (在宾语从句、表语从句、同位语从句)。
用法：
二．用法：
1. 用在if引导的虚拟条件句中，有三中假设。
主句 if从句
现在事实相反 would\could\should\might+do Ved(were)
过去事实相反 would\could\should\might+have done had done
过去事实相反would\could\should\might+do Ved\
should+do\
were to+do
e.g. If I were you, I would not do that.
If I had much money, I should buy a house.
If we had arrived here two minutes earlier,we could have caught the train.
If it should rain\rained\were to rain tomorrow. I wouldn't go out .
If I did that, she would feel very surprised.
注意：如果从句中含有were, should ,had时，可省略 if 而把这三个词提到主语之前。
Were I you, I would take the job.
Had you come yesterday, you would have met him.
错综时间条件句
有时条件句所表示的行为和主句表示的行为发生的时间不一致，动词形式要根据所表示的时间来调整。
If I were you, I would have gone with her.
(I didn't go with her because I'm not you)
If she had taken the medicine, she would be all right now.
If you had worked hard, you would be very tived.
If they had studied hard, they could do it easily now.
如果他们以前努力学习的话，现在干的就会容易些。
If he had not taken my advice, he wouldn‘t do it much better like this.
如果他不听取我的建议，他就不会干得这样好。
If I were you, I would have gone with him.
虚拟语气可用下列几种方式表示条件。
a.省略if,把were, should ,had 提前。
Were he here, he would help us.
b. 用without 和 but表示“如果没有”
Without plants, there would be no animals.
But for air and water, no living things would exist.
c.if it were not for. 假若没有…的话
If it were not for water, no plant could grow.
d.利用上下文来表示.
It would be a mistake, not to help him\if we didn't help him.
2.虚拟语气用在宾语从句中。
记住：这些动词后面接的宾语从句：表示愿望( wish), 建议(suggest, advise, propose, recommend) ，要求(demand, request, require, insist), 命令(order, command)等。
除wish外，其它动词用should + do 构成, should 可以省略。
wish 引导的宾语从句中。
表示无论怎样也不可能实现的愿望。译作“就好了”，“但愿”
如果表示与现在事实相反，从句用Ved(were)
如果表示与过去事实相反，从句用had done
如果表示与将来事实相反，从句用would\could\might+do
I wish she would be on my side.
我希望她能站在我一边。
I wish I were 30 years younger.
我但愿自己能年轻三十岁。
I wish (that) you would get a good job.
我希望你能找到一个好职业。
He wished he hadn't done it.
他想要是他没这样做该多好。
He ordered that the students wash the clothes every week by themselves.
他要求学生每周都要自己洗衣服。
I wish I knew how to drive a car.
I wish I were 10 years younger.
I wish you had been here yesterday.
He wishes you would go and visit him.
I wish the boys would be quiet.
记住：insist / suggest 各有两种意思，要用不同的语气
Insist 表示“坚决要求”时，用虚拟形式，即 should + do;
Insist 表示“坚称，坚持说”时，用陈述语气，表示事实。
Suggest 表示“建议”时，用虚拟形式。
Suggest 表示“表明、暗示”时，用陈述语气。
[例句]
The teacher suggested that we (should) clean the blackboard after class.
老师建议我们课后把黑板擦了。
He insisted that all of us should be there on time by any means.
他坚持要我们大家想尽办法按时去那儿。
He insisted that he was right.
would rather 从句中与过去事实相反用 had done
与现在和将来事实相反用 Ved
I'd rather you had gone there.
I'd rather you came tomorrow.
I'd rather you didn't do it.
3.用在as if\though, even if\though引导的状语或表语从句中。
表示不可能实现或不真实的情况时。
如果从句所表示的动作发生在现在，从句用Ved(were)
如果从句所表示的动作发生在过去，从句用 had done
如果从句所表示的动作发生在将来，从句用would do
Even if I were in his place, I wouldn't go.
You look as if you were ill.
He speaks English so fluently as if he had studied English in England.
4. 用在suggesting, proposal, request, order, idea, plan, advice 等引导的表语和同位语从句中。表示愿望，建议，命令的情绪。结构（should)+do
They received orders that the work (should) be done at once.
Our suggestion is that you (should) be there on time.
The suggestion that students (should) learn something practical is worth considering.
Do you know the order that you (should) keep watch.
5. 用在It is necessary\important\strange\desired \requested\ suggested\ proposed\ ordered \has been decided that主语 +(should)+do
It is desired that we (should)get everything ready by this afternoon.
It’s necessary that we should have a walk now.
我们有必要出去散散步。
It’s natural that she should do so.
她这样做是很自然的。
It’s important that we should take good care of the patient.
重要的是我们要照顾好病人。
6.It is high\about time that +Ved(were)\should（不能省） +do
It's time that we went home\should go home.
It's high tme that you should leave\left。
7. 用在if only 引导的感叹句中。译成“要是... 就好了用法同. as if
e.g. If only I had taken his advice.
If only I were a bird.