倒装[上学期]
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倒装句
1. 倒装句之全部倒装
全部倒装是只将句子中的谓语动词全部置于主语之前。此结构通常只用与一般现在时和一般过去时。常见结构：
1) here, there, now, then, thus等副词置于句首, 谓语动词常用be, come, go, lie, run。
There goes the bell.
Then came the chairman.
Here is your letter.
2) 表示运动方向的副词或地点状语置于句首，谓语表示运动的动词。
Out rushed a missile from under the bomber.
Ahead sat an old woman.
注意：上述全部倒装的句型结构的主语必须是名词，如果主语是人称代词则不能完全倒装。
Here he comes. Away they went.
2. 倒装句之部分倒装
部分倒装是指将谓语的一部分如助动词或情态倒装至主语之前。如果句中的谓语没有助动词或情态动词，则需添加助动词do, does或did，并将其置于主语之前。
1) 句首为否定或半否定的词语，如no, not, never, seldom, little, hardly, at no time, in no way, not until… 等。
Never have I seen such a performance.
Nowhere will you find the answer to this question.
Not until the child fell asleep did the mother leave the room.
当Not until引出主从复合句，主句倒装，从句不倒装。
注意： 如否定词不在句首不倒装。
I have never seen such a performance.
The mother didn't leave the room until the child fell asleep.
典型例题 1) ---Why can't I smoke here ---At no time___ in the meeting-room.
A. is smoking permitted B. smoking is permitted C. smoking is it permitted D. does smoking permit
答案A. 这是一个倒装问题。当否定词语置于句首以表示强调时，其句中的主谓须用倒装结构。 这些否定词包括no, little, hardly, seldom, never, not only, not until等。本题的正常语序是 Smoking is permitted in the meeting-room at no time.
2） Not until the early years of the 19th century ___ what heat is.
A. man did know B. man know C. didn't man know D. did man know
答案D. 看到Not until…的句型，我们知道为一倒装句，答案在C，D 中选一个。
改写为正常语序为，Man did not know what heat is until the early years of the 19th. 现在将not提前，后面就不能再用否定了,否则意思就变了。
3. 以否定词开头作部分倒装
如 Not only…but also, Hardly/Scarcely…when, No sooner… than
Not only did he refuse the gift, he also severely criticized the sender.
Hardly had she gone out when a student came to visit her.
No sooner had she gone out than a student came to visit her.
典型例题: No sooner___ than it began to rain heavily.
A. the game began B. has the game begun C. did the game begin D. had the game begun
答案D. 以具有否定意义的副词放在句首时，一般采用倒装句(谓语前置)。这类表示否定意义的词有never, seldom, scarcely, little, few, not, hardly, 以及not only…but (also), no sooner…than, hardly… when scarcely… when 等等。
注意：只有当Not only… but also连接两个分句时，才在第一个分句用倒装结构。如果置于句首的Not only… but also仅连接两个并列词语，不可用倒装结构。
Not only you but also I am fond of music.
4. so, neither, nor作部分倒装 表示"也"、"也不" 的句子要部分倒装。
Tom can speak French. So can Jack.
If you won't go, neither will I.
典型例题: ---Do you know Jim quarrelled with his brother ---I don't know, _____.
A. nor don't I care B. nor do I care C. I don't care neither D. I don't care also
答案：B. nor为增补意思"也不关心"，因此句子应倒装。A错在用 don't 再次否定， C. neither 用法不对且缺乏连词。 D缺乏连词。
注意： 当so引出的句子用以对上文内容加以证实或肯定时，不可用倒装结构。意为"的确如此"。
Tom asked me to go to play football and so I did.
---It's raining hard. ---So it is.
5. only在句首要倒装的情况
Only in this way, can you learn English well.
Only after being asked three times did he come to the meeting.
如果句子为主从复合句，则主句倒装，从句不倒装
Only when he is seriously ill, does he ever stay in bed.
6. as, though 引导的倒装句
as / though引导的让步从句必须将表语或状语提前 （形容词, 副词, 分词, 实义动词提前）。
注意：1) 句首名词不能带任何冠词。
2) 句首是实义动词, 其他助动词放在主语后。如果实义动词有宾语和状语, 随实义动词一起放在主语之前
Try hard as he will, he never seems able to do the work satisfactorily.
注意: 让步状语从句中，有though，although时，后面的主句不能有but，但是 though 和yet可连用。
7. 其他部分倒装
1) so… that 句型中的so 位于句首时，需倒装。 So frightened was he that he did not dare to move an inch.
2) 在某些表示祝愿的句型中： May you all be happy.
3) 在虚拟语气条件句中从句谓语动词有were, had, should等词，可将if 省略，把 were, had, should 移到主语之前，采取部分倒装。 Were I you, I would try it again.
典型例题： 1） Not until the early years of the 19th century___ what heat is.
A. man did know B. man knew C. didn't man know D. did man know
答案为D. 否定词Not在句首，要求用部分倒装的句子结构。
2） Not until I began to work ___ how much time I had wasted.
A. didn't I realize B. did I realize C. I didn't realize D. I realize 答案为B。
3) ---Do you know Tom bought a new car ---I don't know, ___.
A. nor don't I care B. nor do I care C. I don't care neither D. I don't care also
解析：答案为B. 句中的nor引出部分倒装结构，表示"也不"。由 so, neither, nor引导的倒装句，表示前一情况的重复出现。其中, so用于肯定句, 而 neither, nor 用在否定句中。
1. Only in this way _______ progress in your English.
A. you make B. can you make C. you be able to make D. will you able to make
2. Only after liberation _______ to be treated as human beings.
A. did they begin B. they had begun C. they did begin D. have they begun
3. Only when the war was over in 1945 _______ to get a college education.
A. he was able B. he is able C. was he able D. is he able
4. Only when the war was over _______ to his hometown.
A. did the young soldier return B. the young soldier returned
C. returned the young soldier D. the young soldier did return
5. Not until the early years of the 19th century _______ what heat is.
A. man did know B. man knew C. didn't man know D. did man know
6. Not until I began to work ______ how much time I had wasted.
A. didn't I realize B. did I realize C. I didn't realize D. I realize
7.Little _______ about his own safety, though he was in great danger himself.
A. does he care B. did he care C. he cares D. he cared
8. Not until all the fish died in the river _______ how serious the pollution was.
A. did the villagers realize B. the villagers realized C. the villagers did realize D. didn't the villagers realize
9. I finally got the job I dreamed about. Never in all my life _______ so happy.
A. did I feel B. I felt C. I had felt D. had I felt
10. No sooner had he finished his talk _______ he was surrounded by the workers.
A. as B. then C. than D. when
11. _______ got into the room, _______ the telephone rang.
A. He hardly had; then B. Hardly had he; when C. He had not; than D. Not had he; when
12. The old couple have been married for 40 years and never once _______ with each other.
A. they had quarreled B. they have quarreled C. have they quarreled D. had they quarreled
13. I like sports and _______ my brother.
A. so does B. so is C. so D. so likes
14.She is not fond of cooking, _______ I.
A. so am B. nor am C. either do D. nor do
15.Helen doesn't like milk and _______ .
A. so I don't B. so don't I C. either I do D. neither do I
16. ---I don't think I can walk any further. --- _______ . Let's stop here for a rest.
A. Neither am I B. Neither can I C. I don't think so D. I think so
17. ---"Did you enjoy that trip " ---"I'm afraid not. And _______ ."
A. my classmates don't either B. my classmates don't too
C. neither do my classmates D. neither did my classmates
18. After that we never saw her again, nor _______ from her.
A. did we hear B. we heard C. had we heard D. we have heard
19. ---Do you know Jim quarreled with his brother ---I don't know, _______ .
A. nor don't I care B. nor do I care C. I don't care neither D. I don't care also
20. So _______ that no fish can live in it.
A. the lake is shallow B. shallow the lake is C. shallow is the lake D. is the lake shallow
21. Be Quick! _______ .
A. The bus comes here B. The bus here comes C. Here the bus comes D. Here comes the bus
22. On the wall _______ two large portraits.
A. hangs B. hang C. hanged D. hanging
23. _______ , he doesn't study well.
A. As he is clever B. He is as clever C. Clever as he is D. As clever he is
Key: 1-4 BACA 5-12 DBBADCBC 13-19 ABDBDAB 20-23 CDBC
答案与解析:
(1)1-4题:only所修饰的状语(副词、介词短语或状语从句)位于句首时,谓语动词要部分倒装。注意:如果only后面不是状语,则不用倒装。例如:Only Wang Ling knows this.
(2)5-12题:含有否定意义的副词(not until, never, hardly, seldom, little, not, neither, nor, scarcely等)位于句首时,谓语动词要部分倒装。注意:10题、11题的no sooner ... than..., hardly...when...句型中,前面的主句用部分倒装,后面的从句不倒装。
(3)13-19题:so位于句首,表示前面的内容也适用于另一人或物时;neither, nor位于句首表示另一人或物也不这样时,谓语动词要用部分倒装。
(4)20题:so... that...结构中表示程度的副词so位于句首时要用部分倒装。
(5)21题: 以here, there, out, in, up, down, away等表示地点方位的副词位于句首时,谓语动词要全部倒装。
(6)22题:为了保持句子结构平衡,或为了强调状语或表语,或使上下文紧密衔接时,谓语动词要全部倒装。
(7)23题:as引导让步状语从句时,表语要倒装,注意:如果从句的表语是可数名词单数,且该名词前又没有形容词修饰时,其名词前不加冠词.例如:Child as he is, he knows a lot.
从以上高考试题和解析可以看出:前20题属于谓语动词的部分倒装(助动词、情态动词、系动词be置于主语前);21和22题谓语动词的全部倒装(整个谓语动词置于主语前);23题表语提前,属于部分倒装。
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1. 倒装句之全部倒装
全部倒装是只将句子中的谓语动词全部置于主语之前。此结构通常只用与一般现在时和一般过去时。常见结构：
1) here, there, now, then, thus等副词置于句首, 谓语动词常用be, come, go, lie, run。
There goes the bell.
Then came the chairman.
Here is your letter.
2) 表示运动方向的副词或地点状语置于句首，谓语表示运动的动词。
Out rushed a missile from under the bomber.
Ahead sat an old woman.
注意：上述全部倒装的句型结构的主语必须是名词，如果主语是人称代词则不能完全倒装。
Here he comes. Away they went.
2. 倒装句之部分倒装
部分倒装是指将谓语的一部分如助动词或情态倒装至主语之前。如果句中的谓语没有助动词或情态动词，则需添加助动词do, does或did，并将其置于主语之前。
1) 句首为否定或半否定的词语，如no, not, never, seldom, little, hardly, at no time, in no way, not until… 等。
Never have I seen such a performance.
Nowhere will you find the answer to this question.
Not until the child fell asleep did the mother leave the room.
当Not until引出主从复合句，主句倒装，从句不倒装。
注意： 如否定词不在句首不倒装。
I have never seen such a performance.
The mother didn't leave the room until the child fell asleep.
典型例题 1) ---Why can't I smoke here ---At no time___ in the meeting-room.
A. is smoking permitted B. smoking is permitted C. smoking is it permitted D. does smoking permit
答案A. 这是一个倒装问题。当否定词语置于句首以表示强调时，其句中的主谓须用倒装结构。 这些否定词包括no, little, hardly, seldom, never, not only, not until等。本题的正常语序是 Smoking is permitted in the meeting-room at no time.
2） Not until the early years of the 19th century ___ what heat is.
A. man did know B. man know C. didn't man know D. did man know
答案D. 看到Not until…的句型，我们知道为一倒装句，答案在C，D 中选一个。
改写为正常语序为，Man did not know what heat is until the early years of the 19th. 现在将not提前，后面就不能再用否定了,否则意思就变了。
3. 以否定词开头作部分倒装
如 Not only…but also, Hardly/Scarcely…when, No sooner… than
Not only did he refuse the gift, he also severely criticized the sender.
Hardly had she gone out when a student came to visit her.
No sooner had she gone out than a student came to visit her.
典型例题: No sooner___ than it began to rain heavily.
A. the game began B. has the game begun C. did the game begin D. had the game begun
答案D. 以具有否定意义的副词放在句首时，一般采用倒装句(谓语前置)。这类表示否定意义的词有never, seldom, scarcely, little, few, not, hardly, 以及not only…but (also), no sooner…than, hardly… when scarcely… when 等等。
注意：只有当Not only… but also连接两个分句时，才在第一个分句用倒装结构。如果置于句首的Not only… but also仅连接两个并列词语，不可用倒装结构。
Not only you but also I am fond of music.
4. so, neither, nor作部分倒装 表示"也"、"也不" 的句子要部分倒装。
Tom can speak French. So can Jack.
If you won't go, neither will I.
典型例题: ---Do you know Jim quarrelled with his brother ---I don't know, _____.
A. nor don't I care B. nor do I care C. I don't care neither D. I don't care also
答案：B. nor为增补意思"也不关心"，因此句子应倒装。A错在用 don't 再次否定， C. neither 用法不对且缺乏连词。 D缺乏连词。
注意： 当so引出的句子用以对上文内容加以证实或肯定时，不可用倒装结构。意为"的确如此"。
Tom asked me to go to play football and so I did.
---It's raining hard. ---So it is.
5. only在句首要倒装的情况
Only in this way, can you learn English well.
Only after being asked three times did he come to the meeting.
如果句子为主从复合句，则主句倒装，从句不倒装
Only when he is seriously ill, does he ever stay in bed.
6. as, though 引导的倒装句
as / though引导的让步从句必须将表语或状语提前 （形容词, 副词, 分词, 实义动词提前）。
注意：1) 句首名词不能带任何冠词。
2) 句首是实义动词, 其他助动词放在主语后。如果实义动词有宾语和状语, 随实义动词一起放在主语之前
Try hard as he will, he never seems able to do the work satisfactorily.
注意: 让步状语从句中，有though，although时，后面的主句不能有but，但是 though 和yet可连用。
7. 其他部分倒装
1) so… that 句型中的so 位于句首时，需倒装。 So frightened was he that he did not dare to move an inch.
2) 在某些表示祝愿的句型中： May you all be happy.
3) 在虚拟语气条件句中从句谓语动词有were, had, should等词，可将if 省略，把 were, had, should 移到主语之前，采取部分倒装。 Were I you, I would try it again.
典型例题： 1） Not until the early years of the 19th century___ what heat is.
A. man did know B. man knew C. didn't man know D. did man know
答案为D. 否定词Not在句首，要求用部分倒装的句子结构。
2） Not until I began to work ___ how much time I had wasted.
A. didn't I realize B. did I realize C. I didn't realize D. I realize 答案为B。
3) ---Do you know Tom bought a new car ---I don't know, ___.
A. nor don't I care B. nor do I care C. I don't care neither D. I don't care also
解析：答案为B. 句中的nor引出部分倒装结构，表示"也不"。由 so, neither, nor引导的倒装句，表示前一情况的重复出现。其中, so用于肯定句, 而 neither, nor 用在否定句中。
1. Only in this way _______ progress in your English.
A. you make B. can you make C. you be able to make D. will you able to make
2. Only after liberation _______ to be treated as human beings.
A. did they begin B. they had begun C. they did begin D. have they begun
3. Only when the war was over in 1945 _______ to get a college education.
A. he was able B. he is able C. was he able D. is he able
4. Only when the war was over _______ to his hometown.
A. did the young soldier return B. the young soldier returned
C. returned the young soldier D. the young soldier did return
5. Not until the early years of the 19th century _______ what heat is.
A. man did know B. man knew C. didn't man know D. did man know
6. Not until I began to work ______ how much time I had wasted.
A. didn't I realize B. did I realize C. I didn't realize D. I realize
7.Little _______ about his own safety, though he was in great danger himself.
A. does he care B. did he care C. he cares D. he cared
8. Not until all the fish died in the river _______ how serious the pollution was.
A. did the villagers realize B. the villagers realized C. the villagers did realize D. didn't the villagers realize
9. I finally got the job I dreamed about. Never in all my life _______ so happy.
A. did I feel B. I felt C. I had felt D. had I felt
10. No sooner had he finished his talk _______ he was surrounded by the workers.
A. as B. then C. than D. when
11. _______ got into the room, _______ the telephone rang.
A. He hardly had; then B. Hardly had he; when C. He had not; than D. Not had he; when
12. The old couple have been married for 40 years and never once _______ with each other.
A. they had quarreled B. they have quarreled C. have they quarreled D. had they quarreled
13. I like sports and _______ my brother.
A. so does B. so is C. so D. so likes
14.She is not fond of cooking, _______ I.
A. so am B. nor am C. either do D. nor do
15.Helen doesn't like milk and _______ .
A. so I don't B. so don't I C. either I do D. neither do I
16. ---I don't think I can walk any further. --- _______ . Let's stop here for a rest.
A. Neither am I B. Neither can I C. I don't think so D. I think so
17. ---"Did you enjoy that trip " ---"I'm afraid not. And _______ ."
A. my classmates don't either B. my classmates don't too
C. neither do my classmates D. neither did my classmates
18. After that we never saw her again, nor _______ from her.
A. did we hear B. we heard C. had we heard D. we have heard
19. ---Do you know Jim quarreled with his brother ---I don't know, _______ .
A. nor don't I care B. nor do I care C. I don't care neither D. I don't care also
20. So _______ that no fish can live in it.
A. the lake is shallow B. shallow the lake is C. shallow is the lake D. is the lake shallow
21. Be Quick! _______ .
A. The bus comes here B. The bus here comes C. Here the bus comes D. Here comes the bus
22. On the wall _______ two large portraits.
A. hangs B. hang C. hanged D. hanging
23. _______ , he doesn't study well.
A. As he is clever B. He is as clever C. Clever as he is D. As clever he is
Key: 1-4 BACA 5-12 DBBADCBC 13-19 ABDBDAB 20-23 CDBC
答案与解析:
(1)1-4题:only所修饰的状语(副词、介词短语或状语从句)位于句首时,谓语动词要部分倒装。注意:如果only后面不是状语,则不用倒装。例如:Only Wang Ling knows this.
(2)5-12题:含有否定意义的副词(not until, never, hardly, seldom, little, not, neither, nor, scarcely等)位于句首时,谓语动词要部分倒装。注意:10题、11题的no sooner ... than..., hardly...when...句型中,前面的主句用部分倒装,后面的从句不倒装。
(3)13-19题:so位于句首,表示前面的内容也适用于另一人或物时;neither, nor位于句首表示另一人或物也不这样时,谓语动词要用部分倒装。
(4)20题:so... that...结构中表示程度的副词so位于句首时要用部分倒装。
(5)21题: 以here, there, out, in, up, down, away等表示地点方位的副词位于句首时,谓语动词要全部倒装。
(6)22题:为了保持句子结构平衡,或为了强调状语或表语,或使上下文紧密衔接时,谓语动词要全部倒装。
(7)23题:as引导让步状语从句时,表语要倒装,注意:如果从句的表语是可数名词单数,且该名词前又没有形容词修饰时,其名词前不加冠词.例如:Child as he is, he knows a lot.
从以上高考试题和解析可以看出:前20题属于谓语动词的部分倒装(助动词、情态动词、系动词be置于主语前);21和22题谓语动词的全部倒装(整个谓语动词置于主语前);23题表语提前,属于部分倒装。
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