高二上教案[上学期]

安新中学高二英语教研组教案
Unit 1 Making a difference
The First Period
Teaching Aims:
1.Learn and master the following words:
Inspiration, perspiration, undertake, analysis, obvious, within, quote
2.Talk about science and scientists.
3.Listen to the description of some scientists.
4.Do some speaking, describing people and debating.
Teaching Important Points:
1.Train the students’ listening ability by listening practice.
2.Train the students’ speaking ability by talking about science and scientists, describing people and debating.
Teaching Difficult Points:
1.How to improve the students’ listening ability.
2.How to help students finish the task of speaking.
Teaching Methods:
1.Warming up to arouse the students’ interest in science.
2.Listening-and-answering activity to help the students go through the listening material.
3.Individual, pair or group work to make every student work in class.
Teaching Aids:
1.a multimedia
2.a tape recorder
3.the blackboard
Teaching Procedures:
Step I Warming up
T: There are many outstanding scientists in the world, who made great contributions to society and science. What great scientists do you know And what are they famous for
S: Maria Curie is famous for her discoveries of radium and polonium and Zhang Heng is famous for his seismograph.
S: Thomas Alva Edison is famous for the invention of the light bulb.
(Bb) Scientists Contributions
Charles Darwin The Theory of Evolution
Albert Einstein The Theory of Relativity
…
T: Well done. I think you are all interested in science and scientists. What do you think makes a successful scientist Have a discussion in pairs or groups of four. Then report the results of your discussion.
S: I think it is the way he uses his tools that makes a successful scientist.
S: I think a successful scientist must have much imagination and intelligence and he must be creative and hard-working.
S: I think a successful scientist must be confident, curious and careful. But what I like to know is what made him/her interested in science.
T: Now look at the photos on the screen. And tell me who they are.
S: They are Einstein, Madame Curie and Edison.
T: Good. They are all very famous in the world. You must have read some quotes from them. For example, never leave that until tomorrow, which is from Benjamin Franklin. Now look at the quotes on the screen. Whom do you think these quotes from and do you know what they mean
S：I think it is from Edison. It means that if we make great efforts to do sth, we’ll succeed. And no matter how clever he is, a person will fail if he doesn’t try his best. In Chinese, it means 天才就是百分之九十九的汗水加上百分之一的灵感。
T: Do you agree with it
S: Yes.
S: It is from Einstein. It means if you want to succeed, it’s more important for you to have imagination than knowledge. In Chinese, it means 想象力比知识更重要。
S: It is from Madame Curie. It means there are only things to be understood in the world, while there is nothing to be feared. In Chinese, it means 生活中没有什么可怕的东西，只有需要理解的东西。
T: Do you know any other quotes about science and thinking
S: Wisdom is only found in truth. -- Johann Wolfgang von Goethe.
S: Knowledge is power. –Francis Bacon.
Step II Listening
T: OK. Now lets do some listening practice on P2. We are going to listen to the descriptions of some famous scientists. Read the requirements by yourselves quickly. Listen to the tape for the first time to get a general idea, and then try to finish the exx.
Step III Speaking
T: Now let’s look at the speaking part on P2. Work in groups of five. Each group member represents a branch of science, eg biology, maths, chemistry, physics, computer science. You are going to debate each other to see which branch of science is the most important and useful for society. First you should decide who will represent each branch and then prepare your role card to debate. You can use the expressions.
S: I think biology is the most important because it is essential to protecting the ecological balance and environment. People can’t live without living things. And it goes hand in hand with our life. If there is no science of biology, there would not be medicine.
S: Well, maybe, but I think that chemistry is the most important. Because it is the key to the progress of the human being. Besides, it is chemical reaction that produces many new things.
S: It’s hard to say. There are many physical products. And physics is widely used in many fields, such as medicine, Industry and agriculture. There would be no life without physics.
S: That’s true. But maths is the basic science. You can’t learn physics or chemistry well without a good knowledge of maths. It is a tool in science and engineering.
S: Well, there is no doubt that maths is an important. In my opinion, computer science is the most important in our modern information society. The computer is now an indispensable tool in many fields. It can settle all kinds of problems at a high speed and can help people work easily.
Step IV Homework
Preview the reading material.
Step V The Design of the Writing on the Bb
Unit 1 Making a difference
The First Period
Scientists Contributions
Madame Curie Radium/Polonium
Zhang Heng Seimograph
Darwin The Theory of Evolution
Edison The light bulb
Einstein The Theory of Relativity
…
Some words describing scientists:
creative, hard-working, curious, careful, confident…
The Second Period
Teaching Aims:
1.Learn and master the useful words and phrases.
2.Train the students’ reading ability.
3.Let the students learn from Stephen Hawking.
Teaching Important Points:
1.Master the following phrases and sentence pattern:
work on, go by, be engaged to, go on with sth, dream of, turn out
There is no point (in) doing sth.
2.Enable the students to understand the text better.
3.Improve the students’ reading ability.
Teaching Difficult Points:
1.How to make the students understand the reading text better.
2.How to make the students understand the following sentence.
There didn’t seem much point in working on the PhD.
Teaching Methods:
1.Scanning the text to get some information about Hawking.
2.Careful reading to answer some detailed questions.
3.Discussion after reading the passage to make the students learn how to use the scientific method to solve the problem.
4.Individural, pair or group work to make every student work in class.
Teaching Aids:
1.a computer
2.a tape recorder
3.the blackboard
Teaching Procedures:
Step I Lead-in and Pre-reading
T: Yesterday we learnt some quotes from some scientists. Look at the picture in our books. Do you know who the person is
S: He is Stephen Hawking.
T: Yes. Very good. He is one of the greatest physicists of our time. Do you know what book he published in 1988
S: Yes. A Brief History of Time, which is very popular.
T: OK. I think maybe you know sth about Hawking. Do you want to know sth more about him
S: Yes.
T: OK. Today we are going to learn a passage about Stephen Hawking. It will tell us Hawking’s determination, thoughts and some theories. First let’s learn some new words and phrases. Then turn to P3. Look at the questions in Pre-reading quickly and then scan the text as quickly as possible and find the answers to them.
T: Why did Stephen Hawking need a PhD
S: Because he wanted a job.
T: Right. When did Hawking become famous
S: Hawking became famous in the early 1970s, when he and American Roger Penrose made new discoveries about the Big Bang and black holes.
T: Good. When did Hawking visit Beijing
S: In 2002, Hawking visited China and spoke to university students in Hangzhou and Beijing.
Step II Reading
T: Well done. Now read the passage once as carefully as possible. Then answer some detailed questions on the screen. You may discuss them in pairs if necessary.
T: What did Stephen Hawking do when he was told that he had an incurable disease
S: Instead of giving up, Hawking went on with his research, got his PhD and married a girl. He continued his exploration of the universe and traveled around the world to give lectures.
T: How would most people feel when they were told that they had incurable disease
S: They would probably feel very sad and give up their dreams and hopes for the future.
T: What did Hawking write in 1988
S: He wrote A Brief History of Time in 1988.
T: What did Hawking explain in the book
S: In the book, Hawking explains both what it means to be a scientist and how science works. He tells readers about how discoveries are made and how they change the world.
T: According to Hawking, how do people misunderstand science
S: According to Hawking, people often think that science is a number of “true” facts and never changes.
T: What are the basic steps of the scientific method
S: First, scientists observe what they are interested in. To explain what they have seen, they build a theory about how things happen and the causes and effects. Finally, the scientists test the theory to see if it matches what they have seen and if it can predict future events.
T: What is it that Hawking doesn’t like about his speech computer
S: Hawking doesn’t like his speech computer giving him an American accent.
T: OK. Now you have understood the detailed information. Please pick out the phrases or the sentences that you don’t understand. First have a discussion with your partner and exchange your different points. Then I’ll explain some language points to you.
Useful expressions:
work on +n./pron. /doing, go by: pass, be/get engaged (to sb.): be bound by a promise to marry, go on with sth: continue with sth, dream of: imagine, turn out: prove(to be),
Sentence pattern:
There is no point (in) doing sth.=There is no good reason for doing sth.
Step III Listening and Consolidation
T: Now I’ll play the tape. You can follow it in a low voice. Pay attention to your pronunciation and intonation. Then do exx in Post-reading.
Step IV Homework
T: Learn the words and phrases by heart and try to use them freely and correctly. Read the text fluently and recite some important sentences. What’s more, preview Word study and Grammar.
Step V The Design of the Writing on the Bb
Unit 1 Making a difference
The Second Period
Useful expressions:
work on +n./pron. /doing,
go by: pass,
be/get engaged (to sb.): be bound by a promise to marry,
go on with sth: continue with sth,
dream of: imagine,
turn out: prove(to be),
Sentence pattern:
There is no point (in) doing sth.=There is no good reason for doing sth.
The Third Period
Teaching Aims:
1.Learn and master the phrase: use up
2.Review the words learnt in the last two periods.
3.Learn how to explain the words in English.
4.Learn and master the usages of the Infinitive.
Teaching Important Points:
1.Master the phrase: use up
2.Master the usages of the Infinitive.
Teaching Difficult Points:
1.How to help the students learn to explain words in English.
2.How to help the students master the usages of the Infinitive.
Teaching Methods:
1.Review method to help the students remember what they have learnt beore.
2.Explanation and inductive methods to make the students master the usages of the Infinitive.
3.Individual work or pair work to make every student work in class.
Teaching Aids:
1.a projector and some slides.
2.the blackboard
Teaching Procedures:
Step I Revision
T: What did you learn from Hawking
S: We should have a strong will whatever we do. We should have an indomitable spirit when we want to achieve great success. As long as we have this spirit, we can do it successfully no matter what we want to.
Step II Word Study
T: Now let’s have a dictation of some words.
T: OK. Now let’s do an ex to see how to explain some words in English, according to the meanings of the sentences. Please turn to P5. Let’s do the ex in Word Study. Choose the closest meaning to the underlined word in each sentence. First we’ll learn a new phrase: use up. Do it by yourself and you can discuss in pairs.
Step III Grammar
Bb:1. He hoped to visit China again .
2. It took a lot of time to finish the report .
3. Please give the boy sth to play with .
4. He went home to see his sick mother .
5. Her wish is to become a pop singer .
T: Tell me the function of the underlined part in each sentence.
S: No.1 is used as the object.
S: No.2 is used as the subject. It is more usual to use formal subject “it” and the infinitive phrase is usually placed at the end of the sentence, that is “it is…to do sth.”.
S: No.3 is used as the attribute.
S: No.4 is used as the adverbial for purpose.
S: No.5 is used as the predicative.
T: Now let’s do an ex on the screen. Group the infinitives according to how they are used.
1.Some things need (1) to be believed (2) to be seen .
2.The doctor told him that he may not have more than twelve months (3) to live .
3.(4) In order to get married ,I needed a job, and (5) in order to get a job , I needed a PhD.
4.Readers were pleased and surprised (6) to find that a scientist could write about his work in a way that ordinary people could understand .
5.He traveled around the world (7) to give lectures .
6.What does it mean (8) to be a scientist
7.People who listen to Hawking’s lectures sometimes find it difficult (9) to understand him .
8.(10) To explain what they have seen , they build a theory about how things happen and the causes and effects.
S: Subject:(8)
Attribute(2)(3)
Object(1)(9)
Adverbial(4)(5)(6)(7)(10)
Step IV Practice
T: Now let’s do some exercises on P6, Ex2 and Ex3.Rewrite the sentences with “to be done” or “to have been done”.
He wanted the nurses to take care of the patient.
—He wanted the patient to be taken care of.
Because “the patient” is the logical object of “take care of”, the passive infinitive should be used in the second sentence.
The car was reported to have been stolen.
But when the action expressed by the Infinitive happens before the predicate, the perfect infinitive should be used.
Step V Consolidation
T: Now look at the pictures. Who can tell me what Hawking’s dream is from the picture
S: He wants to get married.
T: Right. Do you know how Hawking made his dream come true according to the passage we learnt in the second period
S: Hawking said, “In order to get a job, I need a PhD.”
T: Very good. Now let’s look at another picture. And tell me what the girl’s dream is and how she makes it realized.
S: Her dream is to get a doctor’s degree, she needs to go to university, she needs to study hard now.
T: Very good. Now please tell your partner what your dream is and how to realize it. You can use “in order to” to express it.
Step VI Homework
T: Finish all the exx in Grammar. Preview the content in Integrating skills.
Step VII The Design of the Writing on the Bb
Unit 1 Making a difference
The Third Period
Phrase: use up
Grammar: the Infinitive
1. He hoped to visit China again .
2. It took a lot of time to finish the report .
3. Please give the boy sth to play with .
4. He went home to see his sick mother .
5. Her wish is to become a pop singer.
6. He wanted the nurses to take care of the patient.
7. He wanted the patient to be taken care of.
The Fourth Period
Teaching Aims:
1.Revise the language points and grammar—the Infinitive.
2.Learn and master the following phrases:
take a look at, what if, the other way around
3.Do some reading and writing practice to improve the students’ integrating skills.
4.Learn how to write a descriptive paragraph.
Teaching Important Points:
1.Improve the students’ integrating skills.
2.Help the students write a descriptive paragraph.
Teaching Difficult Points:
1.How to help the students understand the passage better.
2.How to help the students learn to write a descriptive paragraph.
Teaching Methods:
1.Doing exx to revise what we’ve learnt before.
2.Asking-and-answering activity to go through the reading material.
3.Discussion to help the students understand the passage better.
4.Individual, pair or group work to make every student work.
Teaching Aids:
1.a projector
2.a tape recorder
3.the blackboard
Teaching Procedures:
Step I Revision
T: We know that the infinitive can be used as the subject, object, adverbial and so on. Now let’s do some exx to see if you have mastered them well enough. Look at the screen.
1.(1)To learn about the universe , you need (2)to have a telescope (3)to observe the stars with .
2.It takes time (4)to know a man .
3.Please remember (5)to bring me a book.
4.I’ve got a lot of work (6)to do .
5.(7)In order to catch the first bus ,she got up early.
6.It is important for us (8)to learn English .
Subject:(4)(8)
Object:(2)(5)
Attribute:(3)(6)
Adverbial:(1)(7)
T: Let’s do another ex. Fill in the blanks, using the Infinitive.
1.The goal of Stephen Hawking’s research is to and to is his biggest dream.
2.The doctor thought he only had three more years to , which turned out .
3.We took a taxi to .We hurried there, only to . We were unhappy to .
4.He studied hard to .
5.Lunch is ready. Let’s stop to .
T: Now let’s revise the useful expressions. Do an ex to see whether you have mastered them well.
1.He one day becoming a famous violinist.
2.Tom Ann.
3.Two weeks slowly .
4.His suggestion to be a good one.
5.He his ink.
6.If we don’t finish painting the room today, we can it tomorrow.
7.He a novel.
Step II Reading
T: There were many scientists in the world in the past, whose discoveries and inventions can help us understand the world better. Can you say out the names of some scientists and their discoveries
S: Yes. Einstein – the Theory of Relativity; Madame Curie – Radium, Polonium…
T: Do you know why and how they made these important discoveries or inventions The passage tells us what makes the scientists made their discoveries. Turn to P7. Read the passage quickly and then answer some questions on the screen.
1.What’s the characteristic of Galileo Galilei
2.Why could Stephen Hawking make contributions to science work
3.What can be described as the ability to use knowledge
4.What’s the most important thing if we want to make a difference
5.How can we hope to reach our goals and truly make a difference
T: I’ll explain some expressions and sentence structures.
1. take a look at
2. what if
3. the other way round
4. …it was only later that the world recognized his greatness.
5. …only by discovering what we do best can we hope to reach our goals and truly make a difference.
Step III Listening and Discussion
T: Listen to the tape twice. Then discuss the questions in pairs or groups.
1. Of all the characteristics mentioned in the passage, which do you think is the most important Why
2. What do great scientists like Stephen Hawking , Galileo Galilei and Zhang Heng have in common Find out more about them and how they work and think: What is the scientific spirit How do scientists solve problems How do scientists make a difference What can we learn from great scientists
Use the questions below to get started.
What is the scientific spirit
How do scientists solve problems
How do scientists make a difference
What can we learn from great scientists
S: Being creative, I think, is the most important. Because scientists can make new discoveries by using their imagination all the time.
S: I think being curious is the most important. Only when someone is curious about sth can be come up with new idea.
Step IV Writing
T: Who is your favourite scientists Write a paragraph. Before writing, think about what you want to write and what the readers need to know. How can you best describe him or her What is the most important or interesting fact about the scientist Why do you like him or her List an outline of the passage. Then write some useful sentences to help them.
Step V Homework
Go over all the important points learnt in this unit and finish your writing.
Step VI The Design of the Writing on the Bb
Unit 1 Making a difference
The Fourth Period
A good scientists must be curious and careful .
Great scientists use their creativity and imagination to come up with new ideas.
Scientists must also be intelligent and patient .
The experiment proved that her theory was correct.
Other scientists were surprised by her discovery and called it a success .
She used a model to solve the problem
听说学案
编制人：安新中学高二英语组I. Speaking
Task 1 Who are they
Work in pairs and guess who they are and what they are famous for.
Name Nationality Contributions
Thomas Alva Edison
Marie Curie
Charles Darwin
Albert Einstein
Galileo Galilei
Benjamin Franklin
Isaac Newton
Others: _________
Task 2 Do you want to be a scientist
1. Read the quotes on page 1 and do Q1.
2. Work in groups. Debate which branch of science is the most important and useful to society. Ask the students to form the groups according to the topic they choose and one of the students is required to give their opinion.
Biology Maths Chemistry Physics Computer science
Biologist
I think that biology is the most important and useful science because
① __________________________________________________________________________
② __________________________________________________________________________
③ __________________________________________________________________________
④ __________________________________________________________________________
Try to use some expressions on page 2 properly.
II. Listening scripts
1．This woman is one of the greatest scientists of all times. Even her name tells you that she likes science: a good scientist should want to find out answers and ask many questions --- in other words they should be curious. This woman was certainly curious. Together with her husband, she tried to learn the secret of radioactivity. The couple were awarded the Nobel Prize for Physics in 1903. Eight years later, she received a second Nobel Prize, this time for chemistry.
2. It is said that this English gentleman was sitting in his garden one day when suddenly he was hit by a falling apple. The story is probably not true, but this man did mention that he got one of his best known ideas while watching apples fall from a tree. His name makes you think that he was not interested in old things. He discovered the force of gravity, and he drew up a system of how objects move. His laws for motion are still used in physics today, at least in schools and universities.
3. Food is what sets this great mind on fire. Rice, to be exact. This great mind has spent most of his life looking for ways to help farmers grow more rice so that all of us will have enough food to eat. He is known as the father of modern rice, but because of his long friendship with farmers in China, he would rather be known as “the farmer”.
5. Cloze text
Stephen Hawking is probably the most famous scientist 1 today and is 2 regarded as one of the most talented physicists in history.
Chinese translations of his book, A brief History of Time, has been 3 best-sellers, so it was with greatest admiration 4 he was welcomed to Hangzhou, the capital of Zhejiang Province, earlier this week.
He is in China to 5 the opening of a state-of-the-art mathematics institute at Zhejiang University, 6 he has been made an honorary professor. He also attend an international 7 conference in the city and spoke 8 his most recent research.
A Brief History of Time explores questions 9 : “Where do we come from ” and “How did the university begin ”
He was born 10 January 8, 1942 in Oxford, England, and 11 studied physics at Oxford University. He went on to 12 a physics degree in cosmology (宇宙学) at Cambridge University 13 he took the 14 of Lucasian Professor of Mathematics. The same chair was 15 by Isaac Newton.
16 the age of 21, Hawking was diagnosed(诊断) with an incurable disease 17 the body to slowly waste away. His mind, 18 , was not 19 . Hawking has 12 honorary degrees and continues to combine research 20 an extensive program of public lectures.
1. A. living B. lively C. lovely D. alive
2. A. wide B. widely C. high D. highly
3. A. proved B. assured C. thought D. tested
4. A. that B. which C. when D. where
5. A. send B. attend C. raise D. take
6. A. when B. which C. where D. who
7. A. mathematics B. physics C. biology D. chemistry
8. A. off B. at C. on D. to
9. A. for example B. such as C. as such D. alike
10. A. in B. on C. at D. for
11. A. latter B. lately C. later D. late
12. A. accept B. get C. fetch D. reach
13. A. where B. who C. when D. which
14. A. table B. place C. post D. office
15. A. given B. seated C. held D. made
16. A. On B. In C. At D. For
17. A. making B. causing C. leading D. affecting
18. A. however B. or C. so D. therefore
19. A. effected B. affected C. affirmed D. afforded
20. A. in B. with C. on D. at
(Keys: DBDAB CBCBB CBACC CBABB)
III. Assignment
1. Read the listening scripts and the new words of Unit 1.
2. Translate the following.
undertake _undertook _ __undertaken___ seek _____sought_____ _____sought______
dream dreamed/dreamt dreamed/dreamt scan scanned scanned
科学研究___scientific research_________ 工农业__ agriculture and industry ________
success v._ succeed__ adj. __ successful__ 毕业 n. _graduation__ 毕业生_graduate ___
毫无疑问我们不能将时间浪费在玩电脑游戏上。(doubt)
There is no doubt that we shouldn't waste our time in playing computer games.
3. Refer to the dictionary and try to learn.
match 比赛 / 配称/火 看一场势均力敌的足球赛_watch a close match of football __
划火柴_strike a match__ The hat is a good match for the coat.
4. Read the following quotes and translate.
① It is more valuable to seek truth than to possess it.
探索真理比占有真理更为可贵。——爱因斯坦
② To the scientific research, diligence is the mother of success.
对搞科学的人来说，勤奋就是成功之母。——茅以升
③ Death for the homeland is heavier than Mount Tai.
为国家效死，死重于泰山。——孙中山
④Whoever wants to have some achievements in the world has to taste life's sorrows and joys, which is the only road he can go.
酸甜苦辣全得尝一尝，无论是谁，要打算在世界上有点成就总得打这儿过。—马克 吐温
⑤ Nothing in the world is difficult if you put your heart into it. 世上无难事，只怕有心人。
Where there is a will, there is a way. 有志者，事竟成。
Genius is diligence. 天才在于勤奋。 Knowledge is power. 知识就是力量 。
阅读学案（1）
编制人：安新中学高二英语组
I. Reading comprehension
Step 1 Fast reading
Q1: Why did Stephen Hawking need a PhD
____Because he wanted to marry a nice girl._______________
Q2: When did Hawking become famous
In the early 1970s._______________________________
Q3: When did Hawking visit Beijing
____In 2002.________________________________________
Step 2 Careful reading
1. According to the 1st paragraph, a promising graduate student _______C___________
A. has an incurable disease which makes people disabled
B. is a man who never gives up his dreams and hopes for the future
C. is very likely to be successful or very good in the future
D. learns at one of the well-known universities in the world
2. The incurable disease mentioned in the text made Stephen Hawking _______B_________.
A. stop working on a PhD B. lose the ability to walk and talk
C. get engaged to a nice girl D. give up the way of life he had dreamed of
3. ________C_______ made Stephen Hawking well-known in the world.
A. The research on the incurable disease B. His book A Brief History of Time
C. His new discoveries about the universe D. The lectures he gave all over the world
4. A Brief History of Time became a best-seller because ____D________.
A. it's about the Big Bang and black holes
B. it explains what it means to be a scientists and how science works
C. it includes answers to many questions about the universe
D. it was written in a way ordinary people could understand
5. According to Hawking, many people think that ________D__________
A. science is often misunderstood B. science is changing all the time
C. some science facts can be wrong D. true science facts always stay unchanged
6. The basic steps of the scientific method do NOT necessarily include ________A________.
A. getting a model with which to test the theory
B. building a theory about how things happen
C. observing something with care and attention
D. trying to test the theory in a practical way
Step 3 Fill in the form
Years What happened Achievements or activities
21 years old He got an incurable disease and… A promising student…
In the early 1970s He became famous He made new discoveries about…
1988 He wrote a book called… His book became…and it explains…
2002 He came to China and…
II. Languages points
Part 1 Words and phrases
1. imagine sb to be 想象你自己又有钱又有名____imagine yourself to be rich and famous
imagination (n.) 一个富有想象力的学生 a student full of imagination ___________
I can't imagine Peter being caught cheating in the exam.我想象不到彼得考试中被逮到作弊
Who do you imagine ______C_____ to his birthday party
A. invited B. inviting C. being invited D. to invite
除imagine外，下列动词后接动词ing的作宾语：admit, acknowledge, appreciate, avoid, escape, miss, delay, deny, enjoy, finish, excuse, mind, practise, suggest, resist, risk, understand, consider, favor, postpone, keep, fancy, defer, can't stand / bear/ have 等。
2. promise 许诺 Mother promised me to buy a bicycle. 妈妈答应我妈妈去买自行车。
promising = of great / high promise有前途的 make a promise 许诺
keep one's promise遵守诺言 break one's promise违背诺言
3. probably - possibly - maybe - perhaps
4. seek seek (for/ after) success seek one's fortune碰运气
5. graduate 大多数毕业生____most graduates___ post-graduate 研究生
中学毕业以后 after graduating / graduation from middle school
6. turn out Everything turned out /proved (to be) all right. The factory can turn out 100 cars a day. 生产
7. in fact事实上= in actual fact / as a matter of fact / actually / in effect / in reality / in practice
8. 作讲座___give lectures __ 在20世纪70年代早期____in the early 1970s___
预测未来的事情predict future events_ 根据天气预报 according to the weather report 描述并向人们解释他们所见到的一切describe and explain to the people what they have seen
坚持不懈地寻求有关宇宙本质问题的答案
continue seeking / to seek answers to questions about the nature of the universe___
Part 2 Sentences
1. There did not seem (to be) much point in working on my PhD — I did not expect to survive that long.攻读博士学位对我没有什么意义，我没有期望活那么久。
①There seemed / happened / used to be a Children's Palace____（一个少年宫）here.
There lived / lies / stands an old fisherman by the sea. 海边住着一个老渔夫。
山顶上坐落着一坐古庙。___There stands/lies an old temple at the top of the hill. _
②There' s ___no point____ （没有用） in asking him to attend the meeting.
要点 key points 指出他作文的拼写错误_point out the spelling mistakes in his composition
He was on the point of leaving the office ___when_ （填词）the telephone rang.
③ Everything turned out better than (it had been) expected.一切比预料中好多了。
期望你今晚早点回来。You _are expected to came back early tonight .
2. But in order to / to get married, I needed a job....可是为了能结婚，我需要一份工作。
= I needed a job in order to / so as to / to get married.
__To get___ (get) up late, I turned off the clock before hand.
_ To be elected__ (elect) an advanced worker, the man had to win the majority of votes.
3. Instead of giving up, Hawking went on with his research, got his PhD and married Jane.
霍金没有放弃，反而继续他的研究，他获得了博士博士学位并与简结了婚。
①He has fallen ill, let me do it____ instead . / instead of him. （代替）
②give up smoking （戒烟） give up the idea (放弃想法)
give off 发出或放出液体、气体、气味 give an order for 下命令
give attention to重视、注意、关心 give birth to生出、生产、产生
give rise to引起、带来、造成 give away泄露、暴露、送人、出卖
give up (doing ) sth放弃 give in (to)屈服
③go in for爱好 go through 看一遍；检查
go with与…调和 go on继续；发生；进行
go through with完成 go up上涨；上升；攀登
go after (a job, a prize)追求（职位） go against违反，违背
go out熄灭 go over走过去；仔细检查；复习；审阅
go back to 返回；追溯到 go hungry/bad/wrong/mad/blind/deaf /short
go on with继续 go all out (to do)全力（去做）
go round够用，够分配 go down on one's knees屈膝下脆
go down下去；（船）下沉；（飞机）坠落；（日、月）落下； 下降，降价
④ Choose the correct sentences
How long have you been married to him ( R ) How long have you got married to him ( )
How long have you been married with him ( ) How long have you married him ( )
Have you got married (R) She hadn’t married for a month when his sister was kidnapped.(R)
4. Nor did he let the disease stop him from living the kind of life he had always dreamed of.
他也没让这种疾病阻止过他曾梦寐以求的那种生活。
① Neither you nor he __was___ present at yesterday’s medical conference.
___Were____ neither you nor he present at yesterday’s medical conference
If you don't go to the cinema, nor / neither __will__ I.
②Nothing will stop / prevent him (from) going there. 什么也阻止不了他去那儿。
我们让他侄女在学校门口一直等我们。We kept his niece _waiting_ for us at the school gate.
我们没让他侄女在学校门口等我们We kept his niece from waiting for us at the school gate.
③I have been dreaming of /about_ seeing you again so that I can get help from you with my English.
5. Readers were pleased and surprised to find that a scientist could write about his work in a way that ordinary people could understand.
读者发现一位科学家能用普通人都能读懂的方式介绍他的工作，他们感到高兴和惊奇。
on the / one's way (back) home from school
在他下班回家的路上On his way back home after work
get in the way妨碍 lose one's way迷路 by way of London途经伦敦
on the way to becoming a college student快成为大学生 no way绝不；没门
in this way 以这种方式 in no way 无论如何；不管怎样
6. Hawking explains both (1) what it means to be a scientist and how science works.
Here is what Stephen Hawking thought.
Scientists, on the other hand, know that their job is never finished and that even the best
theory can (2) turn out to be wrong.
First, they carefully observe what they are interested in.
To explain what they have seen, they build a theory about the way (3) in which / that / x things happen and the causes and events.
(1) Fill in the blanks with the proper words
_What _she couldn't understand was that fewer and fewer students showed interest in it.
I doubt whether that is __what_ it really is.
They are talking about ____what _ it looked like in the past .
_What__ seems strange to us is the troublesome boy is getting on well with all his teachers.
There is no doubt __that __she thanked the class for the gift in her speech.
(2) turn up 出现，露面，调大（音量） turn against 背叛
turn away 把…打发走，转过脸 turn back 往回走
turn down 调小，拒绝 turn…off 关掉（水源，煤气，电灯等）
turn on 打开 turn out 结果是，生产
turn over 打翻，翻阅，移交 turn to 转向，变成
turn in 上交 turn into 使变成
turn… upside down 把…颠倒 turn from side to side 把身体转过来转过去
in turn 依次 by turns 轮流
take turns 轮流 It's one's turn now. 现在轮到某人了。
(3)我不喜欢你与你母亲谈话的方式。
_I don’t like the way that/in which/-- you talked to your mother._
7. They are studying something that is too large or too difficult to observe directly.
当句中有easy / hard / difficult / cheap / expensive / heavy /light / fit /pleasant,不定式主动。
The teacher's lessons are not easily forgotten = are not easy to .
8. People who listen to Hawking's lecture sometimes find it (is) difficult to understand him....
听霍金演讲的人有时很难明白他的意思....
I think / feel / find / make / believe (that) it (is) + adj. for / of sb. to do sth.
我认为学生有必要按时完成作业。
①I think _it (is) quite necessary for the students to finish their homework_ on time.
②The teacher tried to make it clear to his students that _the students should finish their homework on time.
III.Assignment
1． 词形变换：（用括号里的单词的适当形式完成句子）
2． We were surprised to find he was a writer with rich _imagination __. (imagine)
3． His words aroused my _ curiosity _ (curious) about his past experiences.
4． The students felt greatly _inspired (inspiration) on seeing Chinese athletes winning Olympic gold medals.
5． After he _analyzed__ (analysis) the reading material carefully, he divided it into three parts.
6． The _representatives__ (represent) from the two companies had a heated argument on which side should take responsibility for the missing goods.
7． Compare Am. English with Br. English and summarize their _similarities (similar) and differences.
8． We should work hard and try to become a man useful to the _society__. (social)
9． _Scientific __ (science) discoveries are important to the development of history.
1、 完成句子：
1． They are twin brothers, but they ___have__ little __in __common__ in their hobbies.
2． ------ I’m sorry for having mistaken your ball pen.
------It’s not your fault. Your ball pen ___is___ __similar_ _____to_ mine.
2、 There is no doubt _that___ he matches his job quite well.
3、 翻译句子
1． 经过数十年的努力工作，他最终成功地研制出一种能够节约能源的新型汽车。(succeed in doing)
After tens of years of hard work, he succeeded in developing a new kind of car which can save a lot of energy.
2． 遭受过多次的挫折之后，外界事物再也不能激起(arouse)他想功成名就的内心渴望了。(inner; outer)
He has suffered many defeats and now the outer things can no longer arouse his inner desire for glories and fames.
阅读学案（2）
编制人：安新中学高二英语组
I. Revision
1. Translate the following phrases
①. 前途无量的毕业生a promising graduate ②. 不可治愈的疾病_ an incurable disease__
③. 因果关系_ causes and effects ___ ④. 在20世纪70年代_ in the 1970s
⑤. 根据天气预报 according to the weather forecast____________ __________
⑥. 继续他的研究工作 continue/go on with his research work
⑦. 和一个可爱的女孩订婚____get engaged to a nice girl _______________________ ____
⑧. 寻求关于宇宙本质的答案__seek answers to questions about the nature of the universe_
⑨. 对未来的憧憬与期望__ dreams and hopes for the future._
⑩. 阻碍了他过上他所梦想的生活_stop/keep/prevent him from living the kind of life he has always dreamt of.
2. Multiple choices
⑴ The way __B___ he did the experiment wasn’t the way ____I had told him the day before.
A. which; in which B. in which; which C. which; that D. that; in which
⑵ Go on ___A___ the other exercise after you have finished this one.
A. to do B. doing C. with D. to be doing
⑶ It was about 600 years ago ___A____ the first clock with a face and an hour hand was made.
A. that B. until C. before D. when
⑷ It was not ___B____ she took off her glasses ________ I realized she was a famous film star.
A. when; that B. until; that C. until; when D. when; then
II. Reading comprehension
Read the passage and try to fill in the form below:
Scientists Nationality Achievements
Hawking British He made new discoveries about the Big Bang and…
Galileo Italian He proved Copernicus’s conclusion was right
Bacon
Zhang Heng Chinese He built a model that could show how…
Copernicus He believed that the earth moves around the sun
III. Language points:
Part 1 Words and phrases:
1. make a difference 产生差别；造成影响；起重要作用 make no/little/much/some difference
It makes no difference to me whether he goes or not.
It makes a difference which you choose.
Your support will certainly make a difference in our job.
make a difference between right and wrong 区分对错
翻译：我们九点出发还是十点出发有什么要紧吗？(make a difference)
2. be satisfied with 对……满意／满足
satisfy vt.满足，使满意 satisfying=satisfactory adj.令人满意的
satisfied adj. 感到满意的 satisfaction n．满足，满意
(1) The policeman put down the phone, _____A____ with a smile on his face．
A. satisfied B. satisfying C．to be satisfied D satisfactory
(2) Nick is 1ooking for another job because he feels that nothing he does ____B___ his boss．
A serves B satisfies C．promises D. supports (2000北京高考)
(3)_To his satisfaction_ (让他感到很满意的是), the difficult task was finished ahead of time.
3. take/have a good /close/careful look at
He took another look at himself in the mirror before he left．
短语翻译：(take)
(1)散步__take a walk _ (2)旅行__take a trip__
(3)照相__take photos______ (4)锻炼__take exercises__________
(5)度假__take a vacation____ (6)参加考试_take an exam___ ___
(7)采取行动 take actions___ (8)采取措施__take steps/measures__
(9)洗淋浴__take a bath_ ____ (10)服药___take medicine_________
4. creativity n.创造力
(1) Opportunities must be _created___ for the children to learn by themselves.
(2) Drawing is a job which needs a lot of _creativity _ and patience.
(3) His _creative _ writing skills were fully used in this novel.
(4) Leisure and _recreation _ are very important to us.
5. describe…as… 描述（某人或某物）有某种性质
I’m unwilling to describe him as really clever. He describes himself as a doctor.
Could you give a _description__ of your suitcase
Part II. Sentences
1．By asking why, how and what if, curious minds find new ideas and solutions.
What if…倘使……将会怎样；即使……又有什么要紧
What if aliens invade the earth 如果有外星人侵袭地球应怎么办
What if he gets angry 即使他生气又有什么关系
what if中what可看作是what should sb.do(某人该怎么办)或what does it matter
(有什么要紧)或what would happen(将会如何)的省略。
(1)What if she finds out that you've lost the book she values most
(2)What if we move the picture over there Do you think it’ll look better
(3)---We've decided to invite him to dinner． ---___D______ he doesn't come
A. How about B What about C Why not D．What if
2．Only by discovering what we do best can we hope to reach our goals and truly make a difference. 只有通过发现我们什么于得最好，我们才有希望达到目的并真正成名。
only修饰状语位于句首时，句子采用部分倒装的结构。但是only修饰名词、代词时，句子不用倒装结构。Only you can find out the truth．
⑴ Only ____A_____ us a hand．
A．Tom can lend B. can Tom lend C．Tom lend can D．can lend Tom
⑵ ____C__ can you expect to get a pay rise．
A. With hard work B. Although work hard
C. Only with hard work D．Now that he works hard
阅读学案（3）
编制人：安新中学高二英语组I. Revision
句型转换练习
1．They are good friends and they share a lot of hobbies.
They are good friends and they _have__ _a _ __lot_ ___in_ _common in their hobbies.
2. It’s certain that he has completed his task.
_There__ __is__ __no _ __doubt__ _that _ he has completed his task.
3. He is a young man who has a bright future. He is a _promising_ young man.
4. It seems to be meaningless to argue about such a matter.
_There_ doesn’t seem _ to__ __be____ _much__ _point_ about such a matter.
5. We should do everything based on our abilities.
We should do everything _according __ _ _to _our abilities.
6. The recipe of the drink proved to be fantastic.
The recipe of the drink _turned_ ___out_____ to be fantastic.
II．Reading comprehension
Part 1 True or False questions
( F ) 1. Hawking’s editor warned him not to use any equation in his book and Hawking followed his advice.
( T ) 2. E=mc appears very simple, but it has changed science and physics thoroughly.
( F) 3. Einstein felt he had to apologize to Newton because he thought his theory had replaced Newton’s.
( F ) 4. Einstein believed that light traveled through space in a straight line.
( T ) 5. When Einstein’s theory came out, it was not accepted at once.
( F ) 6. Einstein became word-famous before the First World War.
( F ) 7. Einstein got Swiss nationality in order not to join the army and to continue his research.
( T ) 8. Einstein urged the United States to make an atomic bomb to defeat the Nazis.
( F ) 9. Hitler came into power in the late 1930s.
( F ) 10. Einstein left for the USA alone in 1933.
Part 2 Blanks-filling
Albert Einstein, who was a __Jew___, was born in _Germany _.He was greatly respected as the _ leading _ scientist of the 20th century.
In 1901 he took __Swiss _ nationality, therefore he didn’t have to join the army and __continued _ with his research work. He made new discoveries on light and __replaced _ Newton’s theory with his __own__. He proved that light didn’t travel __through _ space in a __straight__ line and the light coming from the stars was __bent __ as it passed the sun. However, his _scientific _ ideas weren’t accepted by many people until scientists who had been _ watching _stars believed in his work in 1919. From that time __on__ he became world-famous. His best known __equation_ was E=mc . It may appear very simple, but it __represent__ a theory so important that it changed _ science__ and physics completely.
When Hitler came into __power__ in the _early__ 1930s, he found it __impossible _ for him to be able to visit his motherland. That is why Einstein and his family left _ Europe_ for the USA in 1933.
III. Language points
Part 1 Words and phrases
1. a brief history of time 《时间简史》
brief adj.简洁的；扼要的 to be brief/in brief/ in short/ in a word 简言之
翻译：能否请您简要介绍一下你们的学校？ (a brief introduction)
_Could you give a brief introduction of your school ____________________________
2. appear vi. 出现；显现 _disappear__(opposite) __appearance___(n.)
appear to/seem to 似乎；好像 There appears to be a small hill over there.
3. Einstein was respected as the leading scientist of the 20th century.
leading adj. 主要的；首要的 主角：__leading roles________
the leading topics of the hour 当前主要的论题
lead/live a …life 过上……的生活 lead to 通往……；导致
All roads lead to Rome. Too much smoking may lead to lung cancer.
4. therefore 因此
The boy behaved badly before the visiting guests. Therefore, his father got very angry.
5. come into power 上台；执政 come into being 形成；出现
come into use 投入使用 come into effect 生效
你知道汉字最早出现在什么时候吗？_When do you know Chinese characters came into being first
新交通法今年7月1日生效。The new traffic law came into effect on July, 1 this year._
那个机场因为某种原因当时没有投入使用。__The airport couldn’t come into use for some reason.
6. urge sb. to do sth.
Part 2 Sentences
Despite this warning, Hawking found it necessary to include an equation.
霍金不顾这样的警告，他还是认为有必要包括一个等式。
①despite = in spite of 不管；不顾
不管她怎么说，我都不会改变我的想法的。_Despite what she says, I won’t change my mind.
②warning n. 警告 warn sb. of sth. warn sb. to do warn sb. that…
He was warned of the danger.
我们警告他不要在这么薄的冰上行走。
_We warned him not to walk on such thin ice. ___________________________________
③ 用include和contain的适当形式填空
The book _contains_ 40 maps, _ including__3 maps of China.
Fruit _contains__ Vitamin C. The drawer locked __contains__ important documents.
The car accident caused 7deaths, 3 children __included__.
④ 翻译：我发现这个句子很难理解。(find it +adj.+ to do 或find +n +adj.+ to do)
__I found it hard to understand this sentence./I found the sentence hard to understand.___
Unit 1 Making a Difference
核心知识
1．词汇
(1)undertake sth．从事…
(2)go by (时间)经过；(某人)过去
(3)be／get engaged to sb 与某人订婚
(4)on the other hand 另一方面
(5)turn out to be 结果是
(6)be similar to 与……相似
(7)work on 继续工作
(8)go on with 继续某种行为
(9)dream of 梦想，梦到
(10)be satisfied with 对……表示满意或满足
(11)be curious about sth． 对……好奇的
(12)take a look at 看…
(13)what if…… 倘使…将会怎样；即使…又有什么要紧
(14)the other way around 相反地，从相反方向
(15)be patient with sth. 对…有耐心
2．日常交际用语(描述人和辩论)
(1)That's correct．
(2)There is no doubt that．．
(3)That's true．
(4)It's clear that．．
(5)It's hard to say．．
(6)What's your idea
(7)Well，maybe，but…
(8)Have you thought about…
3．句型
(1)There is no doubt that… 毫无疑问…
(2)Do you doubt that… 你怀疑…
(3)There's no point in doing sth．做某事没有作用或没有意义。
4．语法
学习动词不定式的用法
重难点解析
1．It takes a very unusual mind to undertake the analysis of the obvious．
分析明显存在的事物需要非凡的头脑。
(1)undertake(undertook，undertaken)
vt．承担(工作，责任等)，承办+名词
例：He undertook the difficult task willingly．
他欣然承担那项困难的工作。
1 will undertake the responsibility for you．
我会为你负起责任。
vt.着手，进行，企图+名词
例：He undertook a new experiment．
他着手一项新的实验。
(2)analysis复数形式analyses．analyze vt．
A chemical analysis化学分析
We made a careful analysis of the problem．
我们仔细分析了那个问题。
(3)obvious adj. (more obvious，most obvious)
明显的，明白的，显而易见的
obviously adv．
例：He told her an obvious lie．
他对她扯了一个明显的谎言。
It is obvious that…．…是显然的。
例：It is quite obvious that he didn't do it himself．
显然他没有亲自去做。
It seemed obvious that he suffered from a bad cold．
显然他得了重感冒。
2．There is no doubt that． 毫无疑问 ．．
例：There is no doubt that our team will win．
我队获胜是毫无疑问的。
I don't doubt that we will win the game．(否定句用that)
我不怀疑我们将会赢得这场比赛。
Do you doubt that he has passed the final examination (疑问句用that)
你怀疑他已通过期末考试了吗
I doubt whether he is the best man for the job．(肯定句用whether)
我怀疑他是否是担任那项工作的最适当人选。
3．There didn't seem much point in working on my PhD—I didn't expec to survive that long·
取得博士学位对我来说没有什么意义，我没有期望活那么久。
PhD(Doctor of Philosophy ) 指“博士学位”
There is no point in doing sth．表示“做某事没有作用或没有意义”。
例：There is no point in arguing further．
继续争执下去没有意义了。
There is no point in protesting．It won’t help much．
抗议没有什么用处，于事无补。
that在此处为副词，意为“那么”，可以修饰形容词。this也有此用法。
例：I didn't expect he was that rude．
我没料到他会那么粗鲁。
I have never been out this late before．
我从未在外面呆到这么晚过。
Please cut my hair about this much．
请把我的头发剪掉这么长。
4．Yet two years had gone by and I was not that much worse．
但两年过去了，我的情况却没那么糟糕。
Go by意思是“(时间)过去”。
例：Time went by so quickly．We are already at the end of our summer holiday．
时间过得真快，转眼我们已经要结束暑假了。
Thirty years went by and her hair was beginning to turn gray．
三十年过去了，她的头发开始变白了。
5．In fact，things were going rather well for me and I had gotten engaged to a very nice girl，Jan Wilde．
事实上，事情发展得还挺顺利。我和一位非常好的女孩简·怀尔得订婚了。
get／be engaged to sb．“与某人订婚”
例：Did you hear they have got engaged last month
你有没有听说他们上个月订婚的消息
Tom got engaged to Mary，whom he had met on the train．
汤姆和玛丽订婚了，他们在火车上认识的。
Be engaged in(on)+n．／doing sth．从事(工作)的，忙于……的
例：She was engaged in protecting wild birds．
她从事保护野生鸟类的工作。
Right now I’m engaged．
我现在正忙着。
be engaged (电话等)通话中的，占线中的，相当于美国英语的busy．
例：The line／number is engaged。线路被占用。
engagement n．订婚(to)
例：announce one's engagement to…宣布与…订婚
break off one's engagement解除婚约，解约
engagement ring订婚戒指(戴在左手无名指上)
6．Scientists，on the other hand，Hawking writes，know that their job is never finished and that even the best theory can turn out to be wrong．
霍金写到，从另一个方面说，科学家知道他们的工作是永无止境的，即使是最完美的理论，也可能是错误的。
Turn out to be“结果是”“最后的情况是”+副／+形／+to do／+that．．
例：The weatherman said it was going to rain this afternoon but it turned out to be very lovely．
天气预报说今天下午有雨，其实今天天气非常好。
The lecture turned out to be very dull．
讲座结果很无聊。
Everything turned out well．一切顺遂。
The rumor turned out (to be) true．那谣言后来证明是真的。
It turned out (that) two travelers had been killed
后来证实(查明)有两位旅客丧生。
turn out vi. (为集会等)外出，去。
turn out vt.．(可分开用) 关 (熄灭) (煤气，电灯油灯等)
turn out vt. (可分开用 ) 生产 (产品)，出产
例：The factory can turn out l000cars a day．
这家工厂一天能生产1000辆汽车。
7．Everyone has his or her special skills and interests，and only by discovering what we do best can we hope to reach our goals and truly make a difference．
每个人都有自己的专长和兴趣，只有发现自己的专长，我们才能期望达到自己的目标，真正与众不同。
only修饰介词短语或从句时，要求倒装。
例：Only at that time did I realize its importance．
直到那时我才意识到它的重要性。
Only in this way can you make progress in your English study．
只有这样你才能在英语学习上取得进步。
Only when you finish your homework can you go out to play football．
只有当你完成作业你才能出去踢球。
only修饰主语时，通常置于主语之前。
例：Only you understand me．只有你了解我。
only修饰主语以外时，通常置于动词之前(有be动词、助动词时，则置于其后)
例：She only eats vegetables．她只吃蔬菜。
I only lent you the money．那笔钱我只是借给你(不是给你)。
He only works when he's got homework．
他只在有家庭作业时才做功课。
I've only seen him once．
我只见过他一次。
8．Imagine this：you are twenty-one years old and a promising graduate student at one of the top universities in the world．
想象一下这种情况：你二十一岁是世界最有名大学里的一个有希望的毕业生。
imagine+名词
例：Can you imagine life with out electricity
你能想像没有电的生活吗
The gir1 tried to imagine the gentleman as her father．
这女孩试着把这位绅土想像成自己的父亲。
imagine+doing想像做·”
例：I didn't imagine becoming a writer in my childhood．
在孩提时代，我并未想像成为一名作家。
imagine+名(人)+doing想像(某人)做…
例：I can't imagine her marrying him．
我无法想像她和他结婚。
imagine+(that)…／wh—想像…；想…，推测 (不可用进行时)
例：Imagine you are a bird．
想像你是一只鸟。
Can you imagine how much 1 was surprised to see it
你能想像我看见它后感到多么惊讶吗
Iimagine (that) I have met you somewhere before．
我想以前曾在哪里见过你。
Can you imagine what he is doing
你能猜测他在做什么吗
(Just) imagine (it) ! 想想看!
Imagination (名) imaginative (形)
promising (形) 有希望的，有前途的，前途光明的
例：a promising actress有前途的女演员
9．Since then，Hawking has continued to seek answers to questions about the nature of the universe．
从那时起，霍金就继续寻求关于宇宙特征的问题的答案。
seek+(for after)+名词 搜寻，寻找；寻求，探求；追求
例：They sought shelter from the rain．
他们找寻避雨的地方。
He found it worthless to seek fame．
他发现追求名声是不值得的。
We must seek (for) a solution to the problem
我们必须寻求解决问题的方法。
seek+名 征求，请求 ，
He sought his doctor's advice．
他向医生请教(征求医生的意见)。
语法点拨
动词不定式
不定式由“to+动词原形”构成，其否定形式是“not to do“，不定式可以带宾语或状语构成不定式短语，没有人称和数的变化，但有时态和语态的变化。
不定式可作主语、宾语、状语、表语和定语，但不能单独作谓语。不定式的逻辑主语有时用“for+名词或代词宾格”构成。
1．不定式的用法：
(1)作主语
不定式短语作主语时，往往放在谓语之后，用It作形式主语。例如：
To see is to believe．眼见为实。
It is right to give up smoking. 戒烟是对的。
(2)作宾语
不定式短语作宾语时，如果还带有宾语补足语，往往把不定式宾语放在宾语补足语之后，而用it作形式宾语。例如：
He wanted to go．他想走。
I find it interesting to work with him．
我发现和他一起工作有趣。
(3)作宾语补足语。例如：
He asked me to do the work with him．
他叫我跟他一起做这个工作。
注意：在feel，hear，listen to，look at，notice，observe，see，watch，have，1et，make等词后的补足语中，不定式不带to。但是这些句中如果变成被动结构时，就必须带to。例：
I often hear him sing the song．He is often heard to sing the song·
我常听到他唱这首歌。他经常被听到唱这首歌。
注意：不定式动词在介词but，except，besides后面时，如果这些介词之前有行为动词do的各种形式，那么，这些介词后的不定式不带to，否则要带to。
例如：
She could do nothing but cry．她只会哭了。
What do you like to do besides swim
除游泳外你还喜欢什么
I have no choice but to go．我不得不走。
(4)作定语。例如：
I have some books for you to read.
我有几本书供给你读。
注①：作定语的不定式如果是不及物动词，或者不定式所修饰的名词或代词是不定式动作的地点工具等，不定式后面须有相应的介词。例如：
He is looking for a room to live in ．
他在找一个房间住。
There is nothing to worry about．
无什么可担心的。
Please give me a knife to cut with．
请给我把刀子来切东西。
但是，不定式所修饰的名词如果是time，place或way，不定式后面的介词习惯上要省去。例如：
He had no money and no place to live．他没钱没地方住。
注②：当作定语的不定式所修饰的名词或代词是不定式动作的承受者时，不定式既可以用主动语态，也可用被动语态，但其意义有所不同。试比较：
A)Have you anything to send 你有什么东西要寄吗 (不定式tosend的动作执行者是you)
B)Have you anything to be sent 你有什么要(我或别人)寄的东西吗 (不定式to be sent的动作执行者是已被省略的me或someone else)
(5)作状语，表示目的、原因、结果或条件。例
I came here to see you．(目的)
We were very excited to hear the news．(原因)
He hurried to the school to find nobody there . (结果)
To look at him，you would like him．(条件)
要是看见他，就总会喜欢他的。
目的状语还可以用in order to或so as to来表示。例如：
In order to pass the exam，he worked very hard．
为了考试及格，他学习很刻苦。
We ran all the way so as not to be late．
为了别迟到我们一路上跑来的。
不定式也可以在作表语用的形容词后面作状语。例如：
I am very glad to hear it 听见这事我很高兴。
The question is difficult to answer．这个问题难回答。
“too+形容词或副词+不定式”也作状语。例：
He is too old to do that．
他太老不能做这事了。
另外句子中有enough这个词时，常用不定式作状语。例如：
The room is big enough to hold us．
这间屋子够大能盛得下我们。
(6) 作表语。例如：
My job is to help the patient 我的工作是帮助病人。
(7)作独立成分。例如：
To tell the truth，I don't agree with you．
说实话，我不同意你的观点。
(8)不定式与疑问词who，which，when，where ,how，what等连用，在句中起名词作用，可充当主语表语、宾语等。例：
He didn't know what to say. (宾语)
他不知道说什么。
How to solve the problem is very important （主语）
如何解决这个问题很重要。
My question is when to start．(表语)
我的问题是什么时候开始。
注意：在与why连用时，只用于why或why not开头的简短疑问句中，后面紧跟的动词不定式不带to。例：
Why not have a rest
(9)不定式在句中用主动式还是被动式，多数情况下是容易判别的，但有时的确比较复杂，请注意以下几点：
A)不定式修饰的名词或代词和不定式逻辑上构成主谓关系时，不定式往往用主动形式。
Have you got a key to unlock the door
你有开门的钥匙吗
(A key unlocks the door．)
B)不定式和它前面被修饰的名词或代词构成逻辑上的动宾关系，又和该句主语构成逻辑上的主谓关系时，不定式常用主动形式。
I have got a letter to write．(I write a letter．)
我有封信要写。
He needs a room to live in．(He lives in a room．)
他需要间屋子住。
C)不定式作表语形容词的状语，和句中的主语构成逻辑上的动宾关系时，不定式多用主动形式，这是因为人们往往认为形容词后省去了for one或for people．例如：
He is hard to talk to．很难跟他交谈。
The book is difficult to understand．这本书很难懂。
但如果强调句中的受事者时，亦可用不定式被动句。例如：
The handwriting is very difficult to be read．
这字太难认读了。
The box is to heavy to be lifted．
这箱子太重举不起来。
D)在there be结构中，当说话人考虑的是必须有人去完成某件事时，不定式用主动形式，如果说话人强调的是事情本身必须完成，则用被动形式。
There is a lot of work to do． (Somebody has to do the work．)
There isa lot of work to be done．(The work has to be done．)
请注意下面两个句子的含义是不同的：
There is nothing to do．意为无事可做，感到十分乏味。
There is nothing to be done．意为某东西坏了，无法使之恢复正常。
2．不定式的时态
(1)不定式的一般形式所表示的动作，通常与谓语的动作(状态)同时(或几乎同时)发生，或是在它之后发生。例如：
I saw him go out．我看见他出去了。
(2)如果谓语表示的动作(情况)发生时，不定式表示的动作正在进行，这时不定式就要用进行式。
例如：
I am very glad to be working with you．很高兴和你一起工作。
(3)如果不定式的动作发生在谓语动词之前，要用完成式。例如：
I'm sorry to have kept you waiting．对不起让你久等了。
3．不定式的语态
当不定式逻辑上的主语是这个不定式所表示的动作的承受者时，不定式一般要用被动形式。例如：
He asked to be sent to work in the countryside．
他要求被派往农村工作。
经典赏析
【例1】 (全国高考题)Robert is said——abroad，but l don't know what country he studied in．
A．to have studied
B．to study
C. to be studying
D．to have been studying
[解析] 本题前一句意思为“据说罗伯特以前在国外学习过”，句型为“sb．Is said to do sth．因在国外学习”这一动作发生在be said之前。
[答案] A
[例2] (全国高考题)The purpose of new technologies is to make life easier，——it more difficult．
A．not make B．not to make
C. not making D．don't make
[解析] 根据句子的含义及结构来判断，很显然，考查的是动词不定式作表语，而此处前后两个动词不定式呈对比关系，to不能省略。
[答案] B
[例3] (全国高考题) I've worked with children before，so I know what——in my new job.
A．expected B．to expect
C．to be expecting D．expects
[解析] 从后半句可知考查疑问词+不定式用法。expect的宾语是what。
[答案] B
[例4] (全国高考题) Having a trip abroad is certainly good for the old couple，but
——whether they will enloy it.
A．to see B．to be seen
C. seeing D．see
[解析] remain to be seen拭目以待，根据句意应选B。
[答案] B
[例5] (全国高考题)It is said in Australia there is more land than the govemment knows——.
A．it what to do with B．what to do with it
C．what to do it with D．to do whtat with it
[解析] 该题考查疑问词+todo用法。根据句意what to do with it如何处理它。
[答案] B
[例6] (全国高考题)The mother didn't know——to blame for the broken glass as it happened while she was out .
A who B when C how D why
[解析] 根据句意“妈妈不知道责怪谁，因为打破杯子这件事发生在她不在家的时候
[答案] A
即学即用
1．Last summer I took a course on——.
A．how to make dresses
B．how dresses be made
C．how to be made dresses
D．how dresses to be made
[答案] A
2．Let Harry play with your toys as well，Clare you must learn to——.
A．support B care
C．spare D share
[答案] D
3．There are five pairs——, but I’m at a loss which to buy．
A．to be chosen B to choose from
C . to choose D for choosing
[答案] B
4．Paul doesn't have to be made——.He always works hard．
A．1earn B. to learn
C．1earned D．1earning
[答案] B
5．We agreed ——here but so far she hasn't turned up yet．
A．having met B.meedng
C． to meet D． to have met
[答案] C
6．The boy wanted to ride his bicycle in the street，
but his mothertold him—— ．
A．not to B . not to do
C．not do it D . do not to
[答案1 A
7．The patient was warned——only food after the operation．
A．tO eat not B . eating not
C．not tO eat D . not eating
[答案] C
8．I would love——to the party last night，but l had to wotk extra hours to finish a report．
A .to go B．to have gone
C . going D．having gone
[答案] B
9．MrSmith warned her daughter——after drinking．
A。never to drive B . to never drive
C．never driving D . never drive
[答案] A
10．—The light in the office is still on．
—0h，I forgot——.
A．turning it off B .turn it off
C．to turn it off D . having turned it off
[答案] C
11．Little Jim should love——to the theatre this evening．
A．to be taken B．to take
C . being taken D．taking
[答案] A
12．Charles Babbage is generally considered——is the first computer．
A．to invent B . inventing
C . to have invented D . having invented
[答案] C
13·——down the radio·——the baby's asleep in the next room．
A．Turning B . To turn
C．Turned D . Turn
[答案] D
14．Mother——us stories when we were young .
A .was used to tell B . is used to telling
C . used to tell D . used to telling
[答案] C
15. She pretended——me when I passed by .
A .not to see . B . not seeing
C . to not see D .having not seen.
[答案] A
Unit Two News Media
教学内容分析 (Analysis of the teaching materials)
一、 教学目标和要求 (Teaching aims and demands)
二、 教学重点与难点 (Teaching difficult and important points)
三、 教学课时安排 (Teaching arrangements)
四、 教学设计步骤 (Teaching procedures)
五、 评估与反馈 (Assessing)
本单元的中心话题是艺术和建筑。围绕这一话题，学生将由此接触和领略古今中外的一些建筑艺术风格，了解一些著名的建筑艺术家及其典型的建筑特点，从而扩大他们在这一方面知识的理解和掌握，拓宽他们的文化视野，增长见识。通过学习，可以帮助学生了解建筑的文化特色，使他们从建筑中看到世界各地绚丽多彩的传统艺术风格和魅力，并可在一定程度上激发他们的审美能力，鉴赏能力和创造力。单元语言素材涉及传统建筑、现代建筑、建筑艺术家高迪、赖特，典