Unit 12
Warming up
1.20000 Leagues under the Sea《海底两万里》
league n. 里格(长度单位=3英里或3海里);联盟;社团,联合会。例如:
Our team plays in the football league.
我们队在足球联赛中参加比赛。
He is in league with the Mafia.
他与黑手党勾结。
2.What’s the distance from the earth to the moon
从地球到月球的距离是多少?
distance n. 距离;间隔;远处。例如:
What distance do you have to walk to school
你到学校要走多远的距离?
I could see the bus coming in the distance.
我看见公共汽车从远处开来了。
What’s the distance from your home to the cinema
从你家到电影院有多远?
His house is within walking distance of the hospital.
他家离医院只有几步路。
at a distance 隔一段距离;距离稍远一些
from a distance 由远处
in the distance [形][副]在远处
3.How fast does a balloon travel
气球能跑多快?
balloon n. 气球;玩具气球。例如:
an observation balloon 观测气球
blow up a balloon 吹气球
raise a balloon 升起气球
The balloon burst. 气球破裂了。
The balloon goes up. [口](事件、骚动等)开始。
4.fantasy [U]空想,幻想;白日梦 [C]想象力的产物;幻想的文学作品[C]幻想曲 (fantasia) 。例如:
The young man lives in a world of fantasy.
这个年轻人生活在幻想的世界里。
The adventurous story is a fantasy.
这个冒险故事是想象的产物。
Reading
1.the father of science fiction 科幻小说之父
fiction n. [U] & [C] 虚构的文学作品;小说;编造的谎话;虚构;想象。例如:
science fiction 科学小说,科学幻想故事
the writer of fiction 小说家
Fact [Truth] is stranger than fiction.
[谚]事实比小说还离奇。
The account she gave of her movements is a complete fiction.
她对自己的行动所作的解释完全是虚构的。
2.To make a living, Verne had to write and sell stories.
为了谋生,凡尔纳不得不写小说卖。
(1)to make a living 在本句中是不定式作目的状语。又如:
To do good work, one must have the proper tools.
要干出像样的活得有合适的工具。
We slept together to keep warm.
我们睡在一起以保持暖和。
(2)make a living 谋生
He makes a living as a driver.
他以开汽车谋生。
To make a living, he had to sell newspapers.
他不得不以卖报为生。
3.Jules spent many hours in Paris libraries studying geography, physics and many other subjects.
儒勒·凡尔纳在巴黎的图书馆里花费大量的时间研究地理、物理和许多其他的科目。
spend time (in) doing sth. 花时间做某事。例如:
He spent ten years writing that book.
他用了十年写那本书。
His spare time is spent in collecting stamps.
他的业余时间都花在了集邮上。
4.Many of the instruments in his novels will remind the reader of Dr Benjamin Franklin’s experiments with electricity.
他小说里描述的许多装置都会使读者想起本杰明·弗兰克林所做的有关电的实验。
remind vt. 使想起;使记起;提醒。例如:
The film reminded him of what he had seen in China.
这部影片使他回想起在中国所看到的一切。
This reminds me of last year.
这使我想起去年的事。
Please remind me to leave her this note.
请提醒我留给她这张纸条。
Please remind me that I must call her up before nine.
请提醒我九点前给她打个电话。
5.By taking scientific developments of his day one step further, Jules Verne laid the foundation of modern science fiction.
通过将他所处时代的科学发展向前推进一步,儒勒·凡尔纳奠定了现代科幻小说的基础。
(1)by在本句中是介词,表示手段或方式,可译作“通过,用,以”,其后常跟名词或动词-ing形式。例如:
She earned money by writing.
她靠写作挣钱。
We went by air.
我们乘飞机走。
He saluted her by raising his hat.
他举起帽子向她致意。
I am going to Shanghai by air tomorrow.
明天我乘飞机去上海。
(2)lay the foundation of 奠定……的基础。例如:
He laid the foundations of his success by study and hard work.
他以读书和勤劳奠定了成功的基础。
Slavery provided the foundation for many ancient types of society.
奴隶制为古代社会提供了基础。
the foundation of a building 建筑物的地基
6.Jules Verne died in 1905, long before any of his dreams came true.
1905年,儒勒·凡尔纳的一个梦想也没有实现,他就与世长辞了。
(1)long before 很久以前(可单独使用,一般用在过去完成时的句子里;亦可引导句子)。例如:
She said she had seen the film long before.
她说她很久以前就看过这部电影。
It will not be long before they come back.
他们不久就会回来。
It was long before we knew what was wrong with our plan.
过了很长时间我们才知道计划错在哪里。
(2)come true(预言、梦想等)成为事实,实现。(come为系动词,意为“变为,变得”)。例如:
Your dream will come true some day.
你的理想早晚有一天会实现的。
The buttons came unfastened.
扣子松开了。
The door came open quietly.
门静悄悄地开了。
7.Dr Aronnax, his servant and a Canadian whale hunter set out to find the monster.
阿奈克斯博士、他的仆人和一位加拿大的捕鲸人三人出发去寻找那个海怪。
(1)servant n. 仆人;公务员;雇员。例如:
civil servant 公务员
Fire and water may be good servants, but bad masters.
[谚]水火是忠仆,用之不慎成灾主。
A politician should be a servant of the people.
政治家应当是人民的公仆。
(2)whale n. 鲸;庞然大物。例如:
blue whale 蓝鲸
a bull (cow) whale 雄(雌)鲸
whale calf 幼鲸
whale catcher, whale chaser 捕鲸船
a whale of a man 大块头
a whale of a difference 天壤之别
(3)set out to do sth. 着手干某事。(set out出发,开始)例如:
I set out to prepare for my speech.
我开始着手为演讲作准备。
They set out for the north two days later.
两天后,他们出发向北去了。
They set out on a sightseeing tour.
他们动身出去观光旅行。
8.After months of searching they find it and in the collision that follows, the three men are thrown overboard.
经过几个月的寻找,他们找到了那个怪物,但是在随后的冲突中他们三人被从船上抛入大海里。
(1)collision n.(车、船的)碰撞;(利益,意见的)冲突。例如:
collision at sea 海上碰撞
a collision between two trains
一次两列火车相撞事件
a head-on collision 正面冲突(相撞)
a collision of a car with a bus
汽车和公共汽车相撞
(2)overboard adv. 自船上落下,在船外。throw……overboard丢在船外;丢在水中。例如:
He fell overboard.
他从船上掉入水中。
A man overboard! 有人落水!
(3)that follows是定语从句,译为“随后的”。例如:
In the years that followed, Karl Marx kept on learning English.
在随后的几年里,卡尔·马克思坚持学习英语。
In the days that followed, I didn’t go there any more.
在随后的几天里我没有再去那儿。
9.In their efforts to survive, they find themselves on the surface of the monster itself, which turns out to be a submarine.
在他们努力求生时,发现自己就在怪兽的身体表面上,结果怪兽竟然是一艘潜水艇。
(1)注意本句的句子结构,which引导的非限制性定语从句修饰the monster itself。
(2)in their efforts 中的in表示“正在进行的动作或状态”。例如:
in a rage 在愤怒中
in a hurry 匆忙地
in prison 在监狱(服刑)
in good condition 情况良好
be killed in action 阵亡
be engaged in trade 从事贸易
(3)turn out(常与to be, that连用,不能用于被动语态)证明是……,结果是……,发展为……。例如:
The plan turned out a failure.
这项计划结果归于失败。
The rumor turned out to be true.
那谣言后来证明是真的。
It turned out that two travelers had been killed.
后来证实有两位旅客丧生。
10.They are taken on board and Captain Nemo decides not to kill them but makes them his permanent guests.
在他们被带上船后,尼摩船长决定不杀死他们而是把他们看成永久的客人。
(1)on board 在船上,在公共交通工具内。例如:
We went on board the ship.
我们登上了轮船。
Everybody on board was worried.
飞机上的人都很着急。
They had a good time on board.
他们在船上过得很愉快。
(2)not to kill them为不定式的否定式作动词宾语。makes them his permanent guests中his permanent guests为名词短语作宾语补足语。
(3)permanent adj. 永久的,不变的,耐久的;常设的,常任的。例如:
permanent address 永久地址
permanent tooth 成人齿
permanent assets 固定资产
a permanent job 固定职业
a permanent committee 常设委员会
I have a permanent job here.
我在这里有一个永久的工作。
11.Captain Nemo takes them on a voyage across the oceans.
船长尼摩带他们在大洋中漂泊。
voyage n. 航海;航行。voyage主要指“乘船作水上旅行”,也可指“空中旅行”。例如:
He got seasick during the voyage.
在航行中他晕船。
They had a happy voyage last month.
上个月他们进行了一次愉快的航海旅行。
go (make, take) a voyage around the world
作环游世界的航行
We made a voyage to Australia.
我们航行到澳洲去。
He is now on the voyage home.
他正在回航途中。
12.The furniture is precious and huge glass windows that can be opened and closed give a view of the underwater world.
摆设很精致,巨大的玻璃窗可以打开或关闭,让人看到水下世界。
that can be opened and closed 引导的是定语从句,修饰 huge glass windows。
give a view of 大致介绍一下。例如:
The big windows of my house give a view of the beautiful scenery outside.
我房间的大窗子让我看到外面的美景。
13.Electricity is used for light, heating, power, and to defend the ship against attacks.
电被用来照明、取暖和作动力,也用来保卫船只免受攻击。
(1)be used for 被用于……(后跟名词或动名词)。例如:
Bamboo can be used for making paper.
竹子可以用来造纸。
For what is the pot used
这个锅是用来干什么的?
(2)defend sb. against/from sth. 保护,保卫(defend指“保卫”“防御”,应用范围很广,对象可以是具体的,也可以是抽象的)。例如:
She had to defend herself against the guard dog.
她不得不防备看门狗咬她。
Our duty is to defend our country against its enemies.
我们的职责就是保卫我们的祖国免受敌人的攻击。
Be careful to defend yourselves against the enemy.
要小心防御敌人。
14.The food aboard the Nautilus is all sea food.
在鹦鹉螺号上的食物全部是海货。
aboard adv. 在船(飞机、车)上,上船(飞机、车)prep. 在(船、飞机、车)上。例如:
We must not take these goods aboard.
我们切不可带这些货物上车。
She went aboard the ship.
她上了船。
The people aboard the plane are all students.
飞机上的这些人都是学生。
15.Dressed in diving suits, they walk around in this magic world, lighted by the lamps of the ship.
穿着潜水衣,他们在船上灯光照耀的魔幻世界里遨游。
(1)本句中dressed in diving suits作方式状语;lighted by the lamps…分词短语作后置定语。
(2)dress vt. 给某人穿衣服。vi. 穿衣。例如:
He is dressed very well.
他穿得很漂亮。
Dress yourself quickly.
你快点穿衣服。
The man is dressed in blue.
那个男人身穿蓝色衣服。
The girl is old enough to dress herself.
这个小女孩大了能自己穿衣服了。
l6.They find themselves surrounded by colourful rocks, fishes, shells, and plants, all waving and moving slowly in the blue waters.
他们发现自己被五颜六色的石块、鱼类、贝壳和植物包围着,所有这一切都在蓝色的海水中浮动。
本句中all waving and moving短语为代词加现在分词短语构成的独立主格结构,在句中作状语;surrounded by短语为过去分词短语作宾语补足语。常见的宾语补足语如:
hear a song sung 听到有人唱歌
make oneself known to sb. 向某人作自我介绍
have one’s hair cut 理发
Keep your mouth shut and your eyes open.
(谚)少说多看。
17.You might think that he is a cruel man because he keeps Aronnax and the others as prisoners and destroys ships.
你可能认为他是一个残酷的人,因为他把阿奈克斯和其他人当成囚犯关押起来并且毁坏了船只。
(1)prisoner n. 俘虏;失去自由的人;犯人。例如:
The prisoners planned to escape but failed.
那些囚犯曾计划逃跑但没有成功。
My work kept me a prisoner all summer.
整个夏天我忙得不可开交。
prisoner of war 战俘
take sb. prisoner 俘虏某人
(2)keep sb. as… 把某人当作……例如:
He kept that boy as his own son.
他把那个男孩当自己的儿子来看待。
That cruel man kept them as slaves.
那个残酷的人把他们当作奴隶。
18.But at other moments you will find him gentle and weak, when he cries about the lost lives of people drowned in ships that have sunk.
但是当他为沉船上因溺水而亡的人落泪的时候,你会发现他又是一个温和而软弱的人。
(1)gentle adj. 和善的;温和的;文雅的;和缓的。例如:
gentle breeze 和风
gentle heart 仁慈的心肠
gentle nature 温和的性情
gentle wind (rain) 和风(细雨)
(2)注意本句的句子结构:that引导的是个定语从句,修饰ships。when引导的定语从句修饰moments,因为定语从句太长,所以放在了后边,称之为分隔式定语从句。又如:
I saw something in the paper that might interest you.
我在报上看到一些东西,你可能感兴趣。
(3)drowned为过去分词作定语,意为“淹死了的”修饰people。drown vt.& vi. 淹死。例如:
Don’t play by the fiver in case you fall in and drown!
不要在河边玩耍,以免你掉到河里淹死。
be (get) drowned 淹死,溺死
drown oneself 投水(自杀)
eyes drowned in tears 泪汪汪的眼睛
19.The story begins with the discovery of an ancient document in an old book.
故事以在古书中发现一旧文件为开端。
begin with 以……为开始。例如:
Let’s begin with Lesson One.
让我们从第一课开始。
The meeting began with the national song.
大会以国歌开始。
The concert began with a violin solo.
音乐会以小提琴独奏开始。
20.Passing through layers of coal and marble they go deeper and deeper.
穿过厚厚的煤层和大理石,他们进得越来越深。
(1)本句中passing短语为现在分词作状语。
(2)marble [U] 大理石;大理石制品;大理石状的东西。例如:
The floor is of marble.
这地面是大理石的。
The pillars are made of marble.
那些柱子是大理石的。
(3)layer n. 层;地层;阶层。例如:
There is a layer of dust on the dressing-table.
梳妆台上盖着一层灰尘。
This cake has a layer of chocolate in the middle.
这蛋糕中间有一层巧克力。
air layer 空气层
21.In the end, their raft is drawn into a fast stream and with ever increasing speed and temperatures they are shot out of a volcano in Southern Italy.
最后他们的筏子驶进了一条湍急的小溪,随着逐步加快的速度和逐渐升高的温度,他们从意大利南部一座火山中被抛射出来。
with是个介词,在本句中意为“随着”。例如:
With these words he left the room.
他说完这些话便离开了房间。
change with the temperature 随着温度而变化
increase with years 逐年增加
be up with the dawn 黎明即起
Post-reading
1.Paraphrase the following sentences or parts of sentences using your own words.
用你自己的话解释下面的句子或句子的一部分。
(1)paraphrase vt. & vi.(将……)释义;意译。例如:
Paraphrase the passage in modern English.
用现代英语意译这段文字。
(2)using your own words 为现在分词作方式状语。
2.Under water travel and space travel have many things in common.
水下旅行和太空旅行有很多相同之处。
common强调“常见的、不足为奇的”。in common共同的(地),共同享有的(地)。in common with和……一样。例如:
Snow is common in cold countries.
在寒冷的国家雪是常见的。
common knowledge 常识
The common man in every country is anxious for world peace.
每个国家的老百姓都渴望世界和平。
Though they are brothers, they have nothing in common.
虽然他们是弟兄俩,但毫无共同之处。
In common with many people, she likes pop music.
和好多人一样,她喜欢流行音乐。
Integrating skills
1.I read all the books I could find that threw light upon these matters.
我阅读了所有能找到的能解释这些事情的书籍。
(1)I could find that threw light upon these matters是两个修饰名词books的定语从句。I前省略了关系代词that。
(2)throw/cast light upon/on使某事显得非常清楚。(light n.见解)例如:
The new facts threw some light on the matter.
那些新事实已使这个问题更显明朗化。
Can you throw light upon these problems
你能把这些问题解释清楚吗?
Illustrations throw light upon the text.
插图有助于理解课文。
(3)matter n. 事情;问题;内容;物质。matter所表示的“事情”在含意上比较模糊,通常指客观存在的或有待处理的问题。例如:
I have an important matter to talk to you about.
我有件重要的事要和你谈谈。
Everything we can see and touch is made up of matter.
我们能看见和摸到的每件东西都由物质组成。
I have an urgent matter to attend to.
我有一件急事要办。
What’s the matter with you
你怎么啦?
2.I found all that was taught at university very disappointing and decided that I would pioneer a new way, explore unknown powers, and unfold to the world the deepest mysteries of nature.
我发现大学里教的东西很令人失望,因此决定自己开拓一条新路,探索未知的力量,向世人揭开大自然的奥秘。
(1)本句中that was taught是一个定语从句,修饰代词all。第二个that是一个宾语从句,作decided的宾语。disappointing作宾语all的补足语。
(2)pioneer vt. & vi. 开拓;为……开路;作先驱者。例如:
The astronauts pioneered the way to the moon.
那些宇航员开拓了通向月球的路。
They pioneered in modern medical science.
他们成为近代医学的先驱。
We should pioneer a new way to the cancer research.
我们应该开拓一条癌症研究的新路。
3.One of the phenomena that attracted my attention was the structure of the human body, and any animal that was alive.
使我感兴趣的现象之一是人体和所有活动物的结构。
attention n. 注意;关心;注意力。例如:
We should pay attention to state affairs.
我们应该关心国家大事。
Give your whole attention to what you are doing.
把全部注意力用于你所做的事。
Never mind about me. Please pay attentions to ladies.
不要管我,请好好款待女客。
Attention please, fellows!
伙计们,请注意!
Please give it your attention.
请对此多加关注。
4.After days and nights of incredible labor, I discovered the cause of life and how to create life from dead matter.
经过难以置信的日夜工作,我发现了生命的根源并且发现了怎样用没有生命的东西创造生命。
(1)incredible adj. 难以置信的,不可思议的。例如:
It is incredible that he should have gone to live in such a dangerous country.
他竟然搬到那样危险的国家去住,实在令人难以置信。
They fought with incredible bravery!
他们作战的勇气令人难以置信!
(2)labor [U] 劳动;劳力;努力。例如:
eight-hour labor 八小时工作
hard labor 辛苦劳动
manual labor 体力劳动
International Labor Day 国际劳动节
labor-intensive products
劳动密集型产品
5.When I found this amazing power placed within my hands, I hesitated a long time how I should use it.
当我发现这令人惊奇的力量就在我眼前的时候,我犹豫了好长时间,不知道怎样利用它。
(1)amazing adj. 令人惊异的(一般指事物)。例如:
What an amazing phenomenon!
多么令人惊异的现象啊!
China is developing at an amazing speed.
中国正在以惊人的速度发展着。
(2)placed within my hands 为过去分词短语作宾语补足语。
(3)hesitate vi. 迟疑,犹豫。例如:
He who hesitates is lost.
当断不断,必受其患。
In case you need something, please don’t hesitate to ask me.
如果你需要什么东西,请不客气地对我说。
She is still hesitating about sending her son to college.
她对于要不要送儿子进大学一事仍然犹豫不决。
She hesitated over the choice between the two blouses for her daughter.
这两件短衫她拿不定主意挑哪一件给她女儿。
6.It was with these feelings that I began the creation of a human being.
正是带着这些想法我开始创造生命。
It was on a night in November that I looked at the result of my work.
就在十一月的一个夜晚我看到了我工作的结果。
这两句都是强调句,都是强调的状语。又如:
It was Peter who lent us the money.
是彼得借给我们的钱。
It was on Monday night that all this happened.
这一切都是在星期一夜里发生的。
It was because he was ill that he didn’t attend the meeting.
正是因为他病了,所以他才没参加那个会。
It was not until yesterday that I finished that work.
直到昨天我才完成那项工作。
7.I collected bones from graves and cut up dead bodies.
我从墓地里收集尸骨还把尸体肢解。
cut up 切碎;使受苦。例如:
cut up vegetables into small pieces
把蔬菜切碎
Jean was really cut up when her husband left her.
在丈夫抛弃她之后,简痛苦极了。
8.Many of my materials came from butcher shops and hospitals.
我的很多原料都来自肉店和医院。
butcher n. 屠夫,屠户。例如:
He is a butcher by trade.
他的职业是屠夫。
There used to be a butcher shop in this town.
这个镇过去有家肉店。
9.He opened the curtain of the bed; and his eyes, if eyes they may be called, looked at me.
他掀开床帘,用他那所谓的眼睛看着我。
curtain n. 窗帘;门帘;(舞台上的)幕;幕状物。例如:
a window curtain 窗帘
a curtain call 要求谢幕
The curtain falls. 闭幕。
The curtain rises. 幕启。
He pulled the curtains up after getting up.
起床后,他拉开了窗帘。
10.While unfinished, he was ugly, but now he was a living horror.
没完成的时候他很丑陋,但是现在他活生生的令人毛骨悚然。
while unfinished为一个省略句,相当于while he was unfinished。例如:
Often she would weep when (she was) alone.
她一个人时常常哭泣。
If necessary, ring me at home.
如有必要可以往我家里打电话。
Though not large, the room was well lit.
房间虽不大却很亮堂。
Grammar
Word Formation (2)
英语中的构词法主要有三种:转化、派生和合成。本单元主要探讨派生构词法中常见的前缀和后缀的用法。
一、可以改变词性的前缀:
1.a-加在名词前构成形容词或副词:
asleep, aboard, aside, ashore
2.be-加在名词前或形容词前构成动词:
befriend, behead, belittle
3.en-加在名词前构成动词:
endanger, encourage, enforce
4.en-加在形容词前构成动词:
enrich, enlarge, enable, ennoble
5.out-加在名词或形容词前构成动词:
outpace, outsmart, outnumber
二、构成反义词的前缀(加了这些前缀之后词性不变):
①dis- dislike, disbelieve, distrust, disagree, displease, disappear, disobey
dis- disbelief, discomfort, disadvantage, dishonor, disorder
dis- dishonest, disorderly, disloyal, dissimilar
②un- unable, uncertain, unlucky, unfortunate, untidy, unsafe
un- undress, unbutton, untie, unlock, undo, uncover, unwrap
un- unhappiness, unfairness
un- unexpected, unfinished, unprepared, unchanging
un- unfortunately, unluckily, unfairly, unwillingly
③il- illegal, illogical, illiterate
④im- impatient, impolite, impossible
⑤in- inability, informal, independent
⑥ir- irregular, irresponsible
三、表示特定意思的前缀:
auto- automatic, auto-record
auto-industry, automobile
autobiography, autograph
down- downhill, downstairs
downturn, downgrade
extra- extra-strong, extra-large, extra-thin, extra-mural
fore- forehead, forearm, foreleg
foretell, foresee, foresight
full- full-speed, full-strength, full-time, fullyear, full-size
half- half-asleep, half-finished
half- moon, half-circle, half sister
mid- midday, midnight, mid-century, midair, mid-ocean, mid-Europe
post- post-election, post-liberation, postcard, postcode, postmark
pre- pre-war, pre-birth, preview, prejudge, prepaid, pre-planned
re- re-open, rewrite, remarry, rebuild, review, reconsider, rediscover
super- superstar, superpower, supermarket, superman, supernatural, super-clever
四、常见的形容词后缀:
①-able acceptable, readable, adaptable
-ing disturbing, surprising, encouraging
-ed frightened, delighted, interested
②-al natural, political, national
-ful handful, mouthful, cupful, colorful
-y lucky, cloudy, rainy, windy
-some burdensome, troublesome, handsome
-ous/-ious famous, advantageous, mysterious
-like childlike, warlike
-less jobless, tireless, countless
-ish childish, bookish, devilish
五、常见的名词后缀:
①-al proposal, approval, arrival
-ee testee, trainee, payee
-ment improvement, government, disappointment
-ion/ation action, indication, relaxation
②-ness eagerness, carelessness, emptiness
-ty security, safety, loyalty
-ist romanticist, economist, nationalist
③-hood childhood, brotherhood, bachelorhood
-ism capitalism, adventurism, opportunism
-ship friendship, partnership, fellowship
六、常见的动词后缀:
-ize organize, popularize, industrialize
-en fasten, deepen, shorten, sharpen
七、常见的副词后缀:
-ly carefully, quickly, highly
-ward (s) forward, upwards, downward
全析提示
in league with 与……同盟;与……勾结
思维拓展
distant adj. 远隔的;遥远的;远的;向远方去的。例如:
a distant country 一个遥远的国家
a distant journey 远游在无数词时,除非是相当远的距离,否则不用distant from;在有数词时,无论远近都可以使用distant from,但是以使用away较为普遍。例如:The station is three miles away from my house.
车站离我家有3英里远。
思维拓展
balloon v. 乘气球上升;膨胀如气球。例如:
Her skirt ballooned out in the wind.
她的裙子被风吹得鼓了起来。
fantastic adj. 幻想的;荒谬的;空想的。例如:a fantastic story怪诞的故事
a fantastic plan不切实际的计划
思维拓展
思维拓展
fictional adj. 虚构的;小说的;杜撰的。例如:
fictional characters 虚构的人物
factual adj. 事实的;实际的。例如:
a factual account 真实记载
思维拓展
不定式作目的状语也可以用较为固定的结构:in order to和so as to。注意:so as to不用于句首。例如:In order to catch the train, she hurried through her work.
为了赶火车,她匆匆做完了她的工作。
思维拓展
earn (gain, get, make) one’s living 谋生
思维拓展
spend…on… 在……上花费(时间、金钱)。例如:I spent twenty yuan on this book.
我花了二十元买这本书。
remind sb. of sth. 使某人想起……
remind sb. to do sth.
使某人想起做某事,提醒某人做某事
remind sb. that… 提醒某人……,警告某人……
全析提示
by可以表示交通方式和交通手段,后面常跟名词。要表示抽象的手段或方式后常跟动词-ing形式。例如:
by car 乘汽车
by train 乘火车
by airmail 用航空邮寄
by ship 乘船
by air 乘飞机
by bus 乘公共汽车
by the 10:30 train 乘10点半的火车
by phone 通过电话
思维拓展
思维拓展
without foundation 无根据的
lay the foundation for 给……打下基础,为……奠定基础
思维拓展
before long 是“很快,不久”的意思,可以用于各种时态。例如:
I’ll see the film before long.我不久就要看这部电影。
long ago 很久以前,用于过去时态。
It will not be long before… 不久就……
表示变化的系动词主要有:become, go, come, get, grow, fall, turn, run等,它们后面要跟形容词作表语。
思维拓展
思维拓展
master n. 主人;控制者。例如:
The cat obeyed his master.
这只猫听主人的话。
Where is the master of the house
房主在哪儿?
思维拓展
have a whale of a good time 过得极快活
old whale 老水手
very like a whale 的确,真的(反话)
set about (doing) sth. 着手干某事。后跟名词或动名词。例如:
We set about doing our homework after school.
放学后我们就开始做作业。
思维拓展
come into collision with 和……相撞(冲突,抵触)
in collision with 和……相撞(冲突)
思维拓展
go overboard for 沉迷于;狂热地追求 (=go overboard about)
思维拓展
全析提示
that在定语从句中作主语,相当于which,不能省略。in the years that followed也可说成:in the following years。
under也可以表示“在……之中;在……期间”。例如:
under discussion 在讨论中
under construction 在建造中
under consideration 正在考虑中
under way (计划等)在进行中,发生;在航行中
思维拓展
思维拓展
turn out vt.(可以分开使用)关上(自来水、电灯等);生产,制造,培养出;驱逐(某人)出去;解雇(某人)。
prove to be… 证明是……
board n. 木板,(供特殊用途的)木板,甲板。vt. 用板盖上,上(船、飞机等)。例如:
wall board 建筑纸板
warning board 警告牌,危险标示牌
wind board 挡风板
stop sign board 停车标志牌
board a ship 上船
思维拓展
permanently adv. 永久地;持久地
lasting adj. 持久的,耐久的。例如:
a lasting peace 持久的和平
思维拓展
思维拓展
journey 应用范围很广,指“有预定地点的陆上、水上或空中的单程长、短途旅行”,一般来说,它着重指“长距离的陆上旅行”。trip为一般用语,指“任何方式的,从事业务或游览的旅行”,往往着重于“短途旅行”。travel属广义词,指游历性质的旅行,尤指远途或海外旅行。
in view 看得见
in view of 在(从)看得见……的地方;鉴于;考虑到
come into view 看得见
out of view 看不见
思维拓展
思维拓展
be used to (doing) sth. 习惯于(做)某事
get/become used to (doing) sth. 逐渐习惯
There used to be… 过去常常有……
be used to do sth. 被用来做某事(后跟动词原形)
思维拓展
guard指“注意观察、戒备,以免受可能的攻击或伤害”。protect指“保护……,以免遭受危险或伤害”等。
protect…from… 保护……免受……伤害
prevent/keep/stop sb. from doing sth. 防止某人干某事
思维拓展
go aboard 上船(上飞机等)
step aboard 上(船、飞机等)
take…aboard 装入
Welcome aboard!
欢迎各位乘坐本飞机(本轮船)
思维拓展
dress sb. 给某人穿衣服
dress oneself 自己穿衣服
dress sb. in… 给某人穿上什么衣服
be dressed in blue 穿着蓝衣服
be well/finely dressed 穿得好
“find+宾语+宾语补足语”这一结构中的宾语补足语可以用形容词、副词、介词、分词、不定式等来充当。
全析提示
in prison 坐牢
out of prison 出狱
throw sb. into prison 把某人投进监狱
put sb. into prison 把某人关进监狱
go to prison 入狱,被监禁
思维拓展
be taken to prison 被关入监狱
思维拓展
have/take/treat/regard/look on sb. as… 把某人看作……
gently adv. 和善地;轻轻地;文雅地
gently-born 绅士出身的
gentle-hearted 仁慈的,热心肠的
gentle and simple 贵族与庶民,各阶层的人
gentleman 绅士
思维拓展
定语从句一般紧跟在它所修饰词的后边,要特别注意分隔式定语从句的隐蔽性。
全析提示
思维拓展
drown oneself in 埋头于
a drowning dog 快淹死的狗
a drowned dog 淹死的狗
to start with=to begin with首先,第一。(通常置于句首,用于叙述理由)。例如:
To begin with, she is too young for that kind of job.
首先,她做这份工作还太年轻。
思维拓展
思维拓展
marble-hearted 无情的
as cold as marble 冷如冰
lose one’s marbles 失去理智
marble adj. 大理石的;像大理石的。
例如:a marble statue 大理石雕像
思维拓展
layer-built adj. 分层(制成)的
layered adj. 成层的,分层的,夹层的
as conj. 随着(引导的是时间状语从句)。例如:You will grow wiser as you grow older.
随着你年龄的增长,你会变得更聪明。
As time goes on, he gets stronger and stronger.
随着时间的推移,他越来越壮。
思维拓展
paraphrase n. 释义;意译
oral paraphrase 口头释义;口述
explain vt. 指“解释不明之事”
思维拓展
ordinary强调“平常的”“平淡无奇的”。例如:
His ordinary supper consists of only bread and milk.
他通常的晚餐不过是面包和牛奶。
general意为“普遍的”“一般的”。例如:
思维拓展
This book is intended for the general reader, not for the specialist.
这本书是为一般读者写的,不是为专家写的。
make light of sb. (sth.)轻视某人(某物);低估某人(某物)
sit light on(工作等)对……来说负担不重。lighted既可以作动词,又可以作形容词,意为“点燃了的”。例如:a lighted candle点燃了的蜡烛
思维拓展
matter vi. 有重要性,主要用于否定句、疑问句或条件句中。例如:
It doesn’t matter if you are late.
你如果迟到也没关系。
It doesn’t matter who wins.
无论谁赢都没关系。
no matter 无论……,可以引导让步状语从句。
思维拓展
思维拓展
pioneer n. 拓荒者;开辟者;先驱;创始人。例如:a pioneer in cancer research
癌症研究的倡导者
young pioneers 少先队员
全析提示
phenomena 意为“现象”,是phenomenon的复数。
思维拓展
pay attention to注意pay one’s attentions to殷勤款待某人,献殷勤attract/catch/draw/get one’s attention引起某人的注意
devote one’s attention to专心于
focus one’s attention on把注意力集中在……
incredibly adv. 不能相信地
credible adj. 可信的,可靠的。例如:
It is hardly credible. 这是令人难以置信的。
credibly adv. 可信地,有可靠方面
思维拓展
思维拓展
labor vi. 劳动;工作;努力做。例如:
labor for a better future为更加美好的未来而努力
labor to do 努力去做
amaze vt. 使吃惊
amazed adj. 吃惊的(一般指人)
in amazement 惊异地
to sb. ’s amazement 使某人惊异的是……
思维拓展
全析提示
hesitate to do sth. 对做某事犹豫不决
hesitate about/over/at doing sth. 对做某事犹豫不决
without hesitation 毫不犹豫地,立即
强调句的结构为it + be+被强调部分+who (m) 或that+其他部分。注意关系词的选用:在强调主语时,主语是人可用who或that,主语是物,则需用that;在强调宾语时,宾语是人则用whom或that,若是物则用that;强调状语多用that。要掌握not…until…句型的强调结构。
全析提示
思维拓展
cut down 砍倒;砍伐;减少……的量。例如:He cut down the tree with an axe.
他用斧头把那棵树砍倒。We can’t cut down our expenses any more.
我们不能再削减费用了。
butcher vt. 屠宰,残杀。例如:
They butchered the prisoners. 他们残杀囚犯。
思维拓展
思维拓展
behind the curtain 在幕后,秘密
drop the curtain 闭幕,演出终止
raise the curtain over 揭露,泄露;揭开序幕,开始(某项活动)
状语从句中省略一些词是非常普遍的现象。通常省略主语和系动词,省略的条件是主从句主语一致且谓语部分有be。
全析提示
全析提示
本部分的前缀加在名词、形容词前,改变了词根的词性,实际上也就改变了词的用法。通过学习掌握这几个常见的前缀可以判断单词的词性。
全析提示
构成动词
构成名词
构成形容词
构成形容词
构成动词
构成名词
构成副词
放在以l开头的字母前
放在以p开头的字母前
放在以r开头的字母前
构成副词
全析提示
自动的;汽车的;自己的
往下;恶化
特别的;以外的
前部的;预见的
完全,全部
表示“半”的意思
中间;中部
之后的;邮政的
预先;在前
重新;再次
超级的
全析提示
这几个形容词后缀放在动词后构成形容词。
这几个形容词后缀放在名词后构成形容词。
全析提示
这几个名词后缀放在动词后构成名词。
这几个名词后缀放在形容词后构成名词。
这几个名词后缀放在名词后构成名词。
使……;变成……
使……
……地
向……
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