高中作文2[下学期]
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文档简介
Advantages and Disadvatages of Mobile phones
-手机的优点和缺点
As every body knows, mobiles are playing a important part in our daily life nowadays.But they have bot advantages and disadvtanges in my opinion.
First, mobiles make it convinent for people to keep in touch with each other whevere they are.Especially when they have something important.It reduces the cost for people dont have to travel a long way to get to know the things in person
Second,we can send messages by mobiles with little money,just 0.01 yuan for each short message.
third, we can also play games or take photoes or listen to music on the mobiles,late we do many things on them with the development of technology.
But they also have many disadvatages.we have to pay for the wrong numbers which are not for us.The radioactivites may do harm to our health.Sometimes the rings may affect others in public or at meetings
上网对孩子好还是不好，好在哪里，不好在哪里，并谈谈自己对这个问题的看法
We should say that every coin has its two sides. So it is with surfing on line.
Generally speaking, students will benefit a lot from Internet. People can get lots of useful information through the Internet quickly ,no matter it is national or throughout the world. We can also listen to the music and chat with the friends far away.The most important of all is that we can search many foreigners who speak English as their native languge, which can help us improve our Enlish rapidly.We can send Email to our good friends in a few seconds---with the internet your friend don't need to wait for so long time as receiving a letter as before.
But it also can spread many side effects.for example ,there are some sexy news and pictures on web which will not do good to teenagers. And there are some games that can easily attract the students and even make you addict to the games so you can waste a lot of valuable time.
On the whole it will give you both good and bad things, the thing matters much is how do you make use of it.
关于学业的
With the human resource market getting competitive,more and more students have sensed the tense atmosphere and felt the necessity of learning more. They are no longer satisfied with what they have learnt at school.They are eager to improve their academic performances and absorb more nutrition to qualify themselves to compete with others.Parents also place all their hopes on children,wishing them a bright future. Accordingly,a number of tutorial centres which guarantee a good mark mushroomed.They just meet the needs of those students,who poured into the place trgardless of whether they need to do so,some of whom just follow the trend without doing any detective work.As a result,some who have little self-discipline waste time sleeping and reading comics during the lessons.Somer who can't arrange their time properly and fit it into their busy schedule don't make progress they have expected. The endless and tiring study without any recreation even affect some students' health and lead to the other side of the coin. Each coin has two sides.We should work out a practical way to balance it.
关于“失败”方面的-Failure
Everyone knows that failure always accompanies us in our life. No matter what we do, none of us can say we will surely succeed, because there is no such thing as plain sailing.
About failure, different people have different opinions. Generally speaking, on one hand, people think "failure is the mother of success". They think we won't understand the profound meaning of success until we go through failure. On the other hand, for some people, failure is frustration. They think if a person goes through too much failure, he will collapse and lose confidence in his life.
In my opinion, failure is the footstone and catalyst of the edifice of success. "You don't know what you have until it's gone." If you have never lost it, and always get it easily, you will not cherish what you get and own.
关于提高健康的方法
I think I am quite healthy, the methods I employed includs the following several: 1st, mood tranquil: Did not worry the loss wealth and the prestige, the family, the friend and individual conscience are more important. 2nd, life simple: Does not put on the ostentatious clothes, the plain food, associates with the human by at will primarily, not by any means the anxious merit. 3rd, by step of generation of vehicle: The automobile once let me consume the massive energy, therefore was always trying to conflict this kind of showing off expense. 4th, swimming exercise: Each week probably has two times of swimming, the enhancement heart and lungs function, the maintenance exuberant work power. 5th, daily reflected on that, Every day three provinces: Is disloyal for the friend The manner does not believe Is not dense for the matter Through the above several ways,you can keep fit and healthy.please try them,if you have interest..
演讲稿:金钱万能吗？-Is Money All-powerful
演讲稿
金钱万能吗？
【内容提示】
按下面所给内容写一篇演讲稿。
金钱万能吗？
众所周知，在我们日常生活中大多数物品都得用钱买，但是金钱并不是万能的。比如说时间，用钱是买不到的。
一天有24小时。有时当我们非常高兴的时候，我们多么希望这段时间延长些。但是不管我们作出多大的努力我们都不能使一天超过24小时。从另一方面讲，当我们不高兴的时候，再多的钱也不能使这段时间迅速过去。我们也许非常有钱，但我们不能把已逝的时间买回来。俗语说：光阴一去不复返。
以上非常清楚地告诉我们：钱虽然能买到我们需要的许多东西，但它绝对买不到时间，因此金钱不是万能的。
【作文示范】
Is Money All-powerful
As we know, most of the material things in our daily life have to be bought with money. But money is not all-powerful. There are many things which money cannot buy, such as time.
There are twenty-four hours in a day. Sometimes when we are very happy, we wish that the period of happiness would last longer. But no matter what we do, or how much money we are willing to pay, we cannot make a day last longer than twenty-four hours. On the other hand, when we are unhappy, money cannot make the unhappy time pass away more quickly, nor can it bring us a day without sadness and worries. We may be rich, but our money can't bring back our lost time. As the saying goes, “Time past cannot be called back.”
Here we can say very clearly that money can buy a lot of things, but never time. So money, after all, is not all-powerful.
Thank you.
【写法指要】
演讲稿，不同于一般的议论文和一般的报告。它要代表听众的心声，反映群众的意愿，能在听众中产生强烈反响。因此，演讲稿要写得观点明确、中心突出、层次清楚、生动通俗、口语化。这篇演讲稿写得说理性强、论证有力、结论自然，使人信服。第一段提出问题，亮明论点：“钱有很大用处，但不能买到一切。”第二段，运用排他法，假设出两种可能的情况，通过说理排除了与论点相反的情况，使正确的观点得以确立。最后一段自然引出结论：“金钱不是万能的。”
劝导:论自我克制-On Self-control
论自我克制
【内容提示】
假如你手中有一张电影票，但是又要准备考试，你应如何选择？假如你被某人或某事弄得很不高兴，甚至要发脾气，你该怎么办？假如你被一本小说迷住，但其内容又不很好，不值得一读，你又该怎么办？假如晚上有一部很好的电视剧，但演完就会很晚，第二天你得很早去上学，你是看电视还是睡觉？凡此种种都需要做出选择。要做出正确的选择你就需要有自我克制能力。请你就此写一篇短文。
【作文示范】
On Self-control
What is self-control Well, suppose you have a ticket for an exciting film which you have longed① to see for some time, but unfortunately, you will have to sit for an exam tomorrow. What will you do See the film or prepare for the exam If you can give up the film and study hard at your lessons, we say you have self-control.
Self-control is not something you possess with your birth. It needs to be cultivated② in your life.
Sometimes you are made unhappy, and you nearly lose your temper③. Then you should count1, 2, 3,4… till your anger is gone.
Sometimes you are attracted by some novels that are not worth reading. You must make good use of your time. You shouldn't waste your time reading such books or you will surely feel very sorry afterwards.
Do not go to bed too late because of a nice TV film, as you will be late for school. Neither should you stay in bed too late on cold winter mornings, for it is a waste of valuable time.
Everyone of us has some habits, a few of which might be harmful and might hold back our progress in life. Then we must use our self-control to get rid of them.
Remember it is necessary for you to cultivate strong self-control. He is a successful person who can control himself.
【词语解释】
①long[l&R]v．渴望
②cultivate ['k)ltiveit]v．培养；磨炼
③lose one's temper['temp+] 发脾气
【写法指要】
劝导（persuasion）是议论的一种，它是用来说服人们某一种观点或意见是正确的，应该坚持，或某种看法、习惯等是错误的，应该戒除。本文作者先用一个具体事例给“自制”下了定义，然后假设了几种具体情况采取假言推理（如果……所以）和选言推理（要么……要么……）的方式论证了自我克制的重要性，劝说读者要培养自我克制能力。
权衡利弊:电视：是好还是坏？-Is Television Good or Bad
电视：是好还是坏？
【内容提示】
当今世界，人人都离不开电视。电视能给人们提供各种各样的信息，给人们带来不少乐趣。但，它也给社会带来负面影响，暴力、谋杀使不少青少年误入歧途，某些虚假广告使小孩子们学会说谎话等。请你就电视的利弊写一篇短文，谈谈自己的看法。
【作文示范】
Is Television Good or Bad
Television first came into being in 1939, but it did not become common until the early 1950s. Since then, millions of children have grown up in front of the set. Many people now worry about the effect of TV on the young. They wonder if television should be allowed to go on. Many parents wish that there had never been such an invention. Why are they so afraid Is television really harmful
Like almost anything else, television has its good as well as bad sides. It makes us informed of daily news. It tells us product information. It lets us know of the outside world. It provides lessons for learners. And it has brought joy and interest into the lives of the old, the sick, and the lonely. Without it, some of these people would have little pleasure in the world.
Unfortunately, some television programs have been extremely harmful to the young. Children do not have enough experience. They do not realize that TV programs often show an unreal mercials tell lies in order to sell products that are sometimes bad or useless. Children believe them and want to imitate① what they see on TV. They believe that they will make more friends if they use a certain soap----or some other product. They believe that the murders on TV screens are normal and acceptable②. By the time they are out of high school, most young people have watched about15，000 hours of television, and have seen about 18,000 Dviolent deaths. If they see violent deaths every day, how can they be shocked by murder in real life
Television has certainly changed our lives and our society. Along with its good points, it has brought many problems. We must find a solution③ to these problems because----whether we like it or not----television is here to stay.
【词语解释】
①imitate['imiteit] v．模仿，仿效
② acceptable [+k'sept+bl] a．可接受的；合意的
③ solution[s+'lju:M+n] n．解决（办法）；解答
【写法指要】
本文是对同一种事物的两个方面的对比，即比较分析看电视的得失、利弊。作者首先用一分为二的辩证观点在第二段一开头给出了段落主题句，其实也是全文的篇题（thesis），“Television has its good as well as its bad sides.”。然后用综合分析模式（all of one/all of the other）对看电视的利和弊分别进行了阐述：第二段说的是有利的一面；第三段谈的是有害的一面。第二段用5个平行句式（parallelism）讲好处；第三段用3个同样的句式讲坏处，所以，从形式到内容均构成了鲜明的对比。结尾段既对利弊作了总结，又提出作者的建议。整篇文章完全是按照“启、承、转、合”的写作技巧构思的。
功能说明:广告的作用-The Role of Advertisement
广告的作用
【内容提示】
请用英语写一篇文章，从正面说明广告在现代社会中的作用。具体内容如下：
①广告是企业的喉舌。它可告诉人们关于厂家和产品的信息。
②广告在货物的流通中起着举足轻重的作用，它在厂家、商店和消费者之间架起了桥梁。
③广告可以刺激竞争，提高产品质量。
④广告可以创造大众需求，大众市场，从而支持了大批量生产，进而降低产品价格。
【作文示范】
The Role of Advertisement
Advertisement has been called “the voice of business”, for it announces new products and describes new uses and improved features of familiar ones. It seeks to make people know the things they need and to make them want to buy these things, and it tells what products or services are on the market, and how they can be obtained①.
The advertisement plays a vital② role in the spread-out and flow of goods. It puts up a bridge between factories or companies and shops, or stores and customers. Either side of them has no difficulty in finding cooperative partners.
Advertisements lead to improving products by stimulating competition③. Through advertisements, companies selling the same or similar products try to win each other for the attention of the buyers. The competition forces companies to improve their products so that people will buy them.
Advertisements can also lower the prices of products by creating the mass demand, or mass markets that help support mass production. Mass production lowers the costs of manufacturing④, and then the manufacturer can lower his selling prices. As a result, customers will buy commodities⑤ at cheap prices.
【词语解释】
①obtain[+b'tein] v．获得；得到
②vital['vaitl] a．极其重要的；必不可少的
③stimulate competition['stimjuleit k&mpi'tiM+n] 刺激竞争
④manufacture[ m$nju'f$ktM+] v．（大量）制造；加工
⑤commodity[k+'m&d+ti] n．日用品；商品
【写法指要】
1）本文是讲广告功能的说明文。文章单刀直入、开门见山，没有引言段，直接写出了广告的四种作用。每段写一种功能，各段第一句均为主题句，支撑句 （supporting sentences）都用来展开各个主题句中的制约思想。第一段阐述“企业的喉舌”，第二段说明“在商品流通中的重要作用”，第三段写“通过刺激竞争改进产品质量”，第四段写“创造批量生产降低价格”。
2）第一段中“familiar ones”中的“ones”是代词的指称（reference）用法，它指代前面的“products”一词。这样做可以避免无表达力的重复（inexpressive repetition）。但是，“to buy these things”中的“things”则不能用代词“them”指称，否则会产生歧义（ambiguity）现象，读者搞不清“them”指的是上文的“things”还是“people”。
3）第一段中“it tells”中的代词“it”最好不要省掉，因为整个句子并列成分多，如果只用“tells”，句子开头的主语“It”离得太远，会使读者产生误解。
功能说明:电话机-The Telephone
电话机
【内容提示】
写一篇英语文章，说明电话的用途。主要内容如下：
①电话是迄今发明的最受欢迎，用处最大的电器之一。
②电话在许多方面给人带来方便，尤其是移动电话的发明使信息的交流更加方便快捷。
③对于远离家门的学生和出差人员来说，电话可以缩短他们与家人的距离。
④有了电话就可以随时随地且很容易地与他人联系，遇到紧急情况就可以打电话求助。
⑤我们看了某种产品的广告后，可以通过电话询问信息，与公司订货。
⑥当今，我们在日常生活中离不开电话。
【作文示范】
The Telephone
The telephone is one of the most welcome and useful electrical devices ever invented. No wonder more and more families have got to use their own telephones today.
The telephone makes things easy in many ways. Especially, after the mobile telephone① appears, communication of information becomes more easy and rapid. To students and people going out for business far away from their homes, the telephone can shorten② the distance from their parents and wives and husbands and children. Thus they will get comfort in mind whenever they are homesick③ or they run into trouble. With the help of the telephone, people can keep in touch with anyone at any time and any place for urgent④ help. In such a case, the telephone is especially important. When we read an advertisement in a newspaper or watch it on TV, we can ask for more information of a product through the telephone and even place an order.⑤
All in all, the telephone is so helpful that we can say that nowadays we can not live without the telephone in our daily life. We will further improve the performance of the telephone so as to create better conditions for its development.
【词语解释】
①mobile['m+ubai] telephone移动电话；手机
②shorten['M7&:tn]缩短；减少
③homesick['h+umsik] a．想家的
④urgent['+:DN+nt] a．紧急的
⑤place an order订货
【写法指要】
1）本文的正文，即扩充段，分为三个层次：电话对学生和外出办事人员的便利和好处；人们在紧急情况下可以和别人取得联系，求得帮助；通过电话可以获得产品信息，进行订货。这就是说，文章从三个方面展开或支撑了主题句中的制约思想（controlling idea）“make things easy in many ways”（多方面给人以方便）。从而，说明了电话在当今社会的功能。
2）在上述三个层次里，作者均使用了句法和词汇上的强调手段。第一层意思里的“ their parents and wives and husbands and children”是连词叠用（polysyndeton），它能使要表达的内容更加紧密，从而取得强调的效果。第二层意思里的“any one at any time and any place”是一种语音修辞手段，称为“谐元韵”（assonance），即在一连串词语里相同的重读音节或相似元音互相呼应。在这个短语里，any的[e]，at的[$]，以及and的[$]相呼应，取得了强调“任何时间、任何地点，任何人”的效果。第三层意思里用了“even”一词，它本身的含义就有强调作用。
事理说明:岁月不待人-Time and Tide Wait for No Man
岁月不待人
【内容提示】
“岁月不待人” （Time and tide wait for no man.）是众所周知的一条谚语。用英语写一篇文章，说明其中的事理。可用下列思路来写：
①“岁月不待人”是一条不朽的真理。时间从不为任何人或任何事而停顿，所以人人都得顺从其迅捷消逝的脚步。
②人们对待时间有不同的态度。
③有人认为时间永远用不完，所以总是把今天的事情推到明天去做。
④另外一种人认为，时间是有限的。人的一生用于工作的时间极其有限。
⑤人们应该努力工作，不要把今天的事推到明天去做。
【作文示范】
Time and Tide Wait for No Man
“Time and tide wait for no man.”This is a proverb we learned in high school. Simple as it is, it tells an everlasting①truth of life. Since time never stops for anyone or anything, all people have to give in to its quick-passing steps. The pressing problem then is this: how to make good use of it
People may have different attitudes towards it. Some think time is never to be used up. If today ends, there is still tomorrow. So they do not think it necessary to finish today's work within the day. They always put it until tomorrow. In the end they will succeed in nothing. Another sort of people do not think this way. They know the limit of time. Although as a whole, time is infinite② but it is finite③ to every single person. An average person may have 70 years of life, much of which has to be spent on eating, sleeping and other ordinary matters. That which one uses on study and work takes only a small part. But it is this small part that really counts. Whether one is successful or one's work is meaningful④ depends on it.
Now the answer to the question raised in the first paragraph seems clear. To work hard and never leave today's work till tomorrow are the best ways to spend time.
【词语解释】
①everlasting[ ev+'l%:stiR] a．永久的；不朽的
②infinite['infin+t] a．无限的；无边的
③finite['fainait] a．有限的
④meaningful['mi:niRful] a．意味深长的；富有意义的
【写法指要】
本文谈的是时间观。文章在引言段中首先引出谚语“岁月不待人”并展开说明：时间对任何人或事都是公平的，从不偏向任何人。然后，提出全文的篇题：“How to make good use of it ”（如何充分利用时间？）扩充段分两个层次来说明主题句中的制约思想“different attitudes towards it”。先从反面谈对待时间的错误观点，后谈对待时间的正确态度。结尾段总结扩充段的内容，回答篇题提出的问题：“To work hard and never leave today's work till tomorrow are the best ways to spend time.”（努力工作，永远不要把今天的工作拖到明天去做是利用时间的最好办法。）
事理说明:欢乐与忧伤-Joy and Sorrow
欢乐与忧伤
【内容提示】
请你就“欢乐与忧伤”这一命题，写一篇英语说明文。
内容要点如下：
①生活中，苦与乐像影子一样与我们结伴而行。
②在永恒的自然中，快乐是动力，推动世界前进。
③愉快的人与别人分享欢乐，从善待别人中得到满足。
④苦是自找的。追逐名利的人永远没有欢乐，而只有痛苦。
⑤忌妒、报复心和虚荣心也是痛苦的根源。它们存在于人们的想象之中。
⑥要快乐就必须排除欲望和想象所导致的痛苦。
【作文示范】
Joy and Sorrow
In our life, joy and sorrow are like shadows that follow and go along with us. Sometimes we are in joy. Sometimes we are in sorrow. At times we cannot tell joy from sorrow.
What is joy In the nature that is going on forever, joy is a driving power, which pushes the world forward. A joyful person has a sound mind and lives a happy life. He takes part in good activities and shares the joy with his fellows in the cause. It can be said that the joyful person is satisfied from being kind to others.
Sorrow is often self-sought①. The desire for power adds to one's sorrow. The desire for power goes side by side with the desire for fame and wealth. When the desire for power and fame and wealth is out of balance② with reality, it becomes the root of sorrow. Besides, envy, revenge ③ and vanity④ are also sources of sorrow. The three evils⑤ exist in man's imagination⑥. People suffer from them without knowing.
To be happy one must get free from sorrow led by desire and imagination.
【词语解释】
①self-sought['self's&t] a．自找的
②out of balance['b$l+ns] 失去平衡
③revenge[ri'venDN] n．报仇；报复（心）
④vanity['v$n+ti] n．虚荣心；自负
⑤evil['i:v+l] n．邪恶；罪恶
⑥imagination[i m$DNi'neiM+n] n．想象；想像力
【写法指要】
本文是谈苦乐观的事理说明文。作者在文章引言段的一开头用明喻的修辞格，把苦和乐比作时刻伴随我们的影子，引出篇题。第二段和第三段是正文，各讲一方面。第二段写作者对欢乐的理解，第三段是对忧伤的诠释，并分析了产生痛苦的两种原因——欲望和想象。结尾段用简短的一句话提出摆脱痛苦的方法。
事理说明:有志者事竟成-Where There Is a Will, There Is a Way
有志者事竟成
【内容提示】
用英语写一篇文章，说明“有志者事竟成”的道理。你可以顺着以下思路来写：
①如果你想成功，你就必须有志气。
②多数人失败的原因就是因为他们没有坚强的意志和决心，害怕困难，强调客观。
③做任何事情困难总是有的，但是如果你意志坚强，就能战胜困难，取得成功。
④有些人之所以能取得辉煌成绩就是因为他们不怕困难，勇敢接受挑战等。
【作文示范】
Where There Is a Will, There Is a Way
This statement means that if you are really determined to do something, however difficult it might be, you will find a way of doing it at last. The point is that you must have the will if you are to succeed.
Ninety percent of the failures that occur are due to the fact there is no strong will. Many people simply say that they want something, but they do not make any attempt to achieve it. Thus, instead of getting it, they use the weakest excuses to explain the situation away.
On many occasions, too, people probably say much more than the truth about difficulties, making the objective impossible to reach. In fact, if one has the will to succeed, then the size of the obstacles① will seem smaller, and one can achieve one's goals.
If one wants to succeed, he should not allow obstacles or failures to prevent him from acting. He should learn to make his will stronger and to determine himself to achieve his ambitions.
One's will should be strong enough to wash or sweep away the difficulties in one's path to success. If one really has a strong will, then, somehow or other②, one will find a way to get what one wants, or reaches where one aims at arriving.
Many a famous man succeeded in arriving in their high social position because they had the will to overcome obstacles which were seemingly too difficult to be passed. They have managed to succeed because they controlled the will which helped them to achieve fame.
From what I say above, we can see that the main thing which one needs is will. Weak-willed people never make it to the top. A strong willed person, on the other hand, will stand up against all odds and will make it a point to succeed at last.
【词语解释】
①obstacle['&bst+kl] n．障碍（物）
②somehow['s)mhau] or other 以某种方式
【写法指要】
本文以定义至理名言“有志者，事竟成”开篇，把篇题定位在“You must have the will if you are to succeed.”上。正文分为5个自然段。第二、三段从反面阐述没有坚强的意志和决心，只强调客观、夸大困难就会失败的道理。第五、六段从正面说明只要有志气，有决心，就没有克服不了的困难，就会最终取得成功的道理。第四段是过渡段，即由反面说理向正面阐述过渡。最后一段是结尾段，综合上文说明能否成功的关键在于有没有意志，意志薄弱就不会成功，意志坚强就能成功。这样就与引言段的篇题“You must have the will if you are to succeed.”相呼应了。用钱钟书先生的话说，这叫“幡蛇章法”（la composition-serpent）：“端末钩接，类蛇之自衔其尾。”（《管锥篇》228—230页）
-手机的优点和缺点
As every body knows, mobiles are playing a important part in our daily life nowadays.But they have bot advantages and disadvtanges in my opinion.
First, mobiles make it convinent for people to keep in touch with each other whevere they are.Especially when they have something important.It reduces the cost for people dont have to travel a long way to get to know the things in person
Second,we can send messages by mobiles with little money,just 0.01 yuan for each short message.
third, we can also play games or take photoes or listen to music on the mobiles,late we do many things on them with the development of technology.
But they also have many disadvatages.we have to pay for the wrong numbers which are not for us.The radioactivites may do harm to our health.Sometimes the rings may affect others in public or at meetings
上网对孩子好还是不好，好在哪里，不好在哪里，并谈谈自己对这个问题的看法
We should say that every coin has its two sides. So it is with surfing on line.
Generally speaking, students will benefit a lot from Internet. People can get lots of useful information through the Internet quickly ,no matter it is national or throughout the world. We can also listen to the music and chat with the friends far away.The most important of all is that we can search many foreigners who speak English as their native languge, which can help us improve our Enlish rapidly.We can send Email to our good friends in a few seconds---with the internet your friend don't need to wait for so long time as receiving a letter as before.
But it also can spread many side effects.for example ,there are some sexy news and pictures on web which will not do good to teenagers. And there are some games that can easily attract the students and even make you addict to the games so you can waste a lot of valuable time.
On the whole it will give you both good and bad things, the thing matters much is how do you make use of it.
关于学业的
With the human resource market getting competitive,more and more students have sensed the tense atmosphere and felt the necessity of learning more. They are no longer satisfied with what they have learnt at school.They are eager to improve their academic performances and absorb more nutrition to qualify themselves to compete with others.Parents also place all their hopes on children,wishing them a bright future. Accordingly,a number of tutorial centres which guarantee a good mark mushroomed.They just meet the needs of those students,who poured into the place trgardless of whether they need to do so,some of whom just follow the trend without doing any detective work.As a result,some who have little self-discipline waste time sleeping and reading comics during the lessons.Somer who can't arrange their time properly and fit it into their busy schedule don't make progress they have expected. The endless and tiring study without any recreation even affect some students' health and lead to the other side of the coin. Each coin has two sides.We should work out a practical way to balance it.
关于“失败”方面的-Failure
Everyone knows that failure always accompanies us in our life. No matter what we do, none of us can say we will surely succeed, because there is no such thing as plain sailing.
About failure, different people have different opinions. Generally speaking, on one hand, people think "failure is the mother of success". They think we won't understand the profound meaning of success until we go through failure. On the other hand, for some people, failure is frustration. They think if a person goes through too much failure, he will collapse and lose confidence in his life.
In my opinion, failure is the footstone and catalyst of the edifice of success. "You don't know what you have until it's gone." If you have never lost it, and always get it easily, you will not cherish what you get and own.
关于提高健康的方法
I think I am quite healthy, the methods I employed includs the following several: 1st, mood tranquil: Did not worry the loss wealth and the prestige, the family, the friend and individual conscience are more important. 2nd, life simple: Does not put on the ostentatious clothes, the plain food, associates with the human by at will primarily, not by any means the anxious merit. 3rd, by step of generation of vehicle: The automobile once let me consume the massive energy, therefore was always trying to conflict this kind of showing off expense. 4th, swimming exercise: Each week probably has two times of swimming, the enhancement heart and lungs function, the maintenance exuberant work power. 5th, daily reflected on that, Every day three provinces: Is disloyal for the friend The manner does not believe Is not dense for the matter Through the above several ways,you can keep fit and healthy.please try them,if you have interest..
演讲稿:金钱万能吗？-Is Money All-powerful
演讲稿
金钱万能吗？
【内容提示】
按下面所给内容写一篇演讲稿。
金钱万能吗？
众所周知，在我们日常生活中大多数物品都得用钱买，但是金钱并不是万能的。比如说时间，用钱是买不到的。
一天有24小时。有时当我们非常高兴的时候，我们多么希望这段时间延长些。但是不管我们作出多大的努力我们都不能使一天超过24小时。从另一方面讲，当我们不高兴的时候，再多的钱也不能使这段时间迅速过去。我们也许非常有钱，但我们不能把已逝的时间买回来。俗语说：光阴一去不复返。
以上非常清楚地告诉我们：钱虽然能买到我们需要的许多东西，但它绝对买不到时间，因此金钱不是万能的。
【作文示范】
Is Money All-powerful
As we know, most of the material things in our daily life have to be bought with money. But money is not all-powerful. There are many things which money cannot buy, such as time.
There are twenty-four hours in a day. Sometimes when we are very happy, we wish that the period of happiness would last longer. But no matter what we do, or how much money we are willing to pay, we cannot make a day last longer than twenty-four hours. On the other hand, when we are unhappy, money cannot make the unhappy time pass away more quickly, nor can it bring us a day without sadness and worries. We may be rich, but our money can't bring back our lost time. As the saying goes, “Time past cannot be called back.”
Here we can say very clearly that money can buy a lot of things, but never time. So money, after all, is not all-powerful.
Thank you.
【写法指要】
演讲稿，不同于一般的议论文和一般的报告。它要代表听众的心声，反映群众的意愿，能在听众中产生强烈反响。因此，演讲稿要写得观点明确、中心突出、层次清楚、生动通俗、口语化。这篇演讲稿写得说理性强、论证有力、结论自然，使人信服。第一段提出问题，亮明论点：“钱有很大用处，但不能买到一切。”第二段，运用排他法，假设出两种可能的情况，通过说理排除了与论点相反的情况，使正确的观点得以确立。最后一段自然引出结论：“金钱不是万能的。”
劝导:论自我克制-On Self-control
论自我克制
【内容提示】
假如你手中有一张电影票，但是又要准备考试，你应如何选择？假如你被某人或某事弄得很不高兴，甚至要发脾气，你该怎么办？假如你被一本小说迷住，但其内容又不很好，不值得一读，你又该怎么办？假如晚上有一部很好的电视剧，但演完就会很晚，第二天你得很早去上学，你是看电视还是睡觉？凡此种种都需要做出选择。要做出正确的选择你就需要有自我克制能力。请你就此写一篇短文。
【作文示范】
On Self-control
What is self-control Well, suppose you have a ticket for an exciting film which you have longed① to see for some time, but unfortunately, you will have to sit for an exam tomorrow. What will you do See the film or prepare for the exam If you can give up the film and study hard at your lessons, we say you have self-control.
Self-control is not something you possess with your birth. It needs to be cultivated② in your life.
Sometimes you are made unhappy, and you nearly lose your temper③. Then you should count1, 2, 3,4… till your anger is gone.
Sometimes you are attracted by some novels that are not worth reading. You must make good use of your time. You shouldn't waste your time reading such books or you will surely feel very sorry afterwards.
Do not go to bed too late because of a nice TV film, as you will be late for school. Neither should you stay in bed too late on cold winter mornings, for it is a waste of valuable time.
Everyone of us has some habits, a few of which might be harmful and might hold back our progress in life. Then we must use our self-control to get rid of them.
Remember it is necessary for you to cultivate strong self-control. He is a successful person who can control himself.
【词语解释】
①long[l&R]v．渴望
②cultivate ['k)ltiveit]v．培养；磨炼
③lose one's temper['temp+] 发脾气
【写法指要】
劝导（persuasion）是议论的一种，它是用来说服人们某一种观点或意见是正确的，应该坚持，或某种看法、习惯等是错误的，应该戒除。本文作者先用一个具体事例给“自制”下了定义，然后假设了几种具体情况采取假言推理（如果……所以）和选言推理（要么……要么……）的方式论证了自我克制的重要性，劝说读者要培养自我克制能力。
权衡利弊:电视：是好还是坏？-Is Television Good or Bad
电视：是好还是坏？
【内容提示】
当今世界，人人都离不开电视。电视能给人们提供各种各样的信息，给人们带来不少乐趣。但，它也给社会带来负面影响，暴力、谋杀使不少青少年误入歧途，某些虚假广告使小孩子们学会说谎话等。请你就电视的利弊写一篇短文，谈谈自己的看法。
【作文示范】
Is Television Good or Bad
Television first came into being in 1939, but it did not become common until the early 1950s. Since then, millions of children have grown up in front of the set. Many people now worry about the effect of TV on the young. They wonder if television should be allowed to go on. Many parents wish that there had never been such an invention. Why are they so afraid Is television really harmful
Like almost anything else, television has its good as well as bad sides. It makes us informed of daily news. It tells us product information. It lets us know of the outside world. It provides lessons for learners. And it has brought joy and interest into the lives of the old, the sick, and the lonely. Without it, some of these people would have little pleasure in the world.
Unfortunately, some television programs have been extremely harmful to the young. Children do not have enough experience. They do not realize that TV programs often show an unreal mercials tell lies in order to sell products that are sometimes bad or useless. Children believe them and want to imitate① what they see on TV. They believe that they will make more friends if they use a certain soap----or some other product. They believe that the murders on TV screens are normal and acceptable②. By the time they are out of high school, most young people have watched about15，000 hours of television, and have seen about 18,000 Dviolent deaths. If they see violent deaths every day, how can they be shocked by murder in real life
Television has certainly changed our lives and our society. Along with its good points, it has brought many problems. We must find a solution③ to these problems because----whether we like it or not----television is here to stay.
【词语解释】
①imitate['imiteit] v．模仿，仿效
② acceptable [+k'sept+bl] a．可接受的；合意的
③ solution[s+'lju:M+n] n．解决（办法）；解答
【写法指要】
本文是对同一种事物的两个方面的对比，即比较分析看电视的得失、利弊。作者首先用一分为二的辩证观点在第二段一开头给出了段落主题句，其实也是全文的篇题（thesis），“Television has its good as well as its bad sides.”。然后用综合分析模式（all of one/all of the other）对看电视的利和弊分别进行了阐述：第二段说的是有利的一面；第三段谈的是有害的一面。第二段用5个平行句式（parallelism）讲好处；第三段用3个同样的句式讲坏处，所以，从形式到内容均构成了鲜明的对比。结尾段既对利弊作了总结，又提出作者的建议。整篇文章完全是按照“启、承、转、合”的写作技巧构思的。
功能说明:广告的作用-The Role of Advertisement
广告的作用
【内容提示】
请用英语写一篇文章，从正面说明广告在现代社会中的作用。具体内容如下：
①广告是企业的喉舌。它可告诉人们关于厂家和产品的信息。
②广告在货物的流通中起着举足轻重的作用，它在厂家、商店和消费者之间架起了桥梁。
③广告可以刺激竞争，提高产品质量。
④广告可以创造大众需求，大众市场，从而支持了大批量生产，进而降低产品价格。
【作文示范】
The Role of Advertisement
Advertisement has been called “the voice of business”, for it announces new products and describes new uses and improved features of familiar ones. It seeks to make people know the things they need and to make them want to buy these things, and it tells what products or services are on the market, and how they can be obtained①.
The advertisement plays a vital② role in the spread-out and flow of goods. It puts up a bridge between factories or companies and shops, or stores and customers. Either side of them has no difficulty in finding cooperative partners.
Advertisements lead to improving products by stimulating competition③. Through advertisements, companies selling the same or similar products try to win each other for the attention of the buyers. The competition forces companies to improve their products so that people will buy them.
Advertisements can also lower the prices of products by creating the mass demand, or mass markets that help support mass production. Mass production lowers the costs of manufacturing④, and then the manufacturer can lower his selling prices. As a result, customers will buy commodities⑤ at cheap prices.
【词语解释】
①obtain[+b'tein] v．获得；得到
②vital['vaitl] a．极其重要的；必不可少的
③stimulate competition['stimjuleit k&mpi'tiM+n] 刺激竞争
④manufacture[ m$nju'f$ktM+] v．（大量）制造；加工
⑤commodity[k+'m&d+ti] n．日用品；商品
【写法指要】
1）本文是讲广告功能的说明文。文章单刀直入、开门见山，没有引言段，直接写出了广告的四种作用。每段写一种功能，各段第一句均为主题句，支撑句 （supporting sentences）都用来展开各个主题句中的制约思想。第一段阐述“企业的喉舌”，第二段说明“在商品流通中的重要作用”，第三段写“通过刺激竞争改进产品质量”，第四段写“创造批量生产降低价格”。
2）第一段中“familiar ones”中的“ones”是代词的指称（reference）用法，它指代前面的“products”一词。这样做可以避免无表达力的重复（inexpressive repetition）。但是，“to buy these things”中的“things”则不能用代词“them”指称，否则会产生歧义（ambiguity）现象，读者搞不清“them”指的是上文的“things”还是“people”。
3）第一段中“it tells”中的代词“it”最好不要省掉，因为整个句子并列成分多，如果只用“tells”，句子开头的主语“It”离得太远，会使读者产生误解。
功能说明:电话机-The Telephone
电话机
【内容提示】
写一篇英语文章，说明电话的用途。主要内容如下：
①电话是迄今发明的最受欢迎，用处最大的电器之一。
②电话在许多方面给人带来方便，尤其是移动电话的发明使信息的交流更加方便快捷。
③对于远离家门的学生和出差人员来说，电话可以缩短他们与家人的距离。
④有了电话就可以随时随地且很容易地与他人联系，遇到紧急情况就可以打电话求助。
⑤我们看了某种产品的广告后，可以通过电话询问信息，与公司订货。
⑥当今，我们在日常生活中离不开电话。
【作文示范】
The Telephone
The telephone is one of the most welcome and useful electrical devices ever invented. No wonder more and more families have got to use their own telephones today.
The telephone makes things easy in many ways. Especially, after the mobile telephone① appears, communication of information becomes more easy and rapid. To students and people going out for business far away from their homes, the telephone can shorten② the distance from their parents and wives and husbands and children. Thus they will get comfort in mind whenever they are homesick③ or they run into trouble. With the help of the telephone, people can keep in touch with anyone at any time and any place for urgent④ help. In such a case, the telephone is especially important. When we read an advertisement in a newspaper or watch it on TV, we can ask for more information of a product through the telephone and even place an order.⑤
All in all, the telephone is so helpful that we can say that nowadays we can not live without the telephone in our daily life. We will further improve the performance of the telephone so as to create better conditions for its development.
【词语解释】
①mobile['m+ubai] telephone移动电话；手机
②shorten['M7&:tn]缩短；减少
③homesick['h+umsik] a．想家的
④urgent['+:DN+nt] a．紧急的
⑤place an order订货
【写法指要】
1）本文的正文，即扩充段，分为三个层次：电话对学生和外出办事人员的便利和好处；人们在紧急情况下可以和别人取得联系，求得帮助；通过电话可以获得产品信息，进行订货。这就是说，文章从三个方面展开或支撑了主题句中的制约思想（controlling idea）“make things easy in many ways”（多方面给人以方便）。从而，说明了电话在当今社会的功能。
2）在上述三个层次里，作者均使用了句法和词汇上的强调手段。第一层意思里的“ their parents and wives and husbands and children”是连词叠用（polysyndeton），它能使要表达的内容更加紧密，从而取得强调的效果。第二层意思里的“any one at any time and any place”是一种语音修辞手段，称为“谐元韵”（assonance），即在一连串词语里相同的重读音节或相似元音互相呼应。在这个短语里，any的[e]，at的[$]，以及and的[$]相呼应，取得了强调“任何时间、任何地点，任何人”的效果。第三层意思里用了“even”一词，它本身的含义就有强调作用。
事理说明:岁月不待人-Time and Tide Wait for No Man
岁月不待人
【内容提示】
“岁月不待人” （Time and tide wait for no man.）是众所周知的一条谚语。用英语写一篇文章，说明其中的事理。可用下列思路来写：
①“岁月不待人”是一条不朽的真理。时间从不为任何人或任何事而停顿，所以人人都得顺从其迅捷消逝的脚步。
②人们对待时间有不同的态度。
③有人认为时间永远用不完，所以总是把今天的事情推到明天去做。
④另外一种人认为，时间是有限的。人的一生用于工作的时间极其有限。
⑤人们应该努力工作，不要把今天的事推到明天去做。
【作文示范】
Time and Tide Wait for No Man
“Time and tide wait for no man.”This is a proverb we learned in high school. Simple as it is, it tells an everlasting①truth of life. Since time never stops for anyone or anything, all people have to give in to its quick-passing steps. The pressing problem then is this: how to make good use of it
People may have different attitudes towards it. Some think time is never to be used up. If today ends, there is still tomorrow. So they do not think it necessary to finish today's work within the day. They always put it until tomorrow. In the end they will succeed in nothing. Another sort of people do not think this way. They know the limit of time. Although as a whole, time is infinite② but it is finite③ to every single person. An average person may have 70 years of life, much of which has to be spent on eating, sleeping and other ordinary matters. That which one uses on study and work takes only a small part. But it is this small part that really counts. Whether one is successful or one's work is meaningful④ depends on it.
Now the answer to the question raised in the first paragraph seems clear. To work hard and never leave today's work till tomorrow are the best ways to spend time.
【词语解释】
①everlasting[ ev+'l%:stiR] a．永久的；不朽的
②infinite['infin+t] a．无限的；无边的
③finite['fainait] a．有限的
④meaningful['mi:niRful] a．意味深长的；富有意义的
【写法指要】
本文谈的是时间观。文章在引言段中首先引出谚语“岁月不待人”并展开说明：时间对任何人或事都是公平的，从不偏向任何人。然后，提出全文的篇题：“How to make good use of it ”（如何充分利用时间？）扩充段分两个层次来说明主题句中的制约思想“different attitudes towards it”。先从反面谈对待时间的错误观点，后谈对待时间的正确态度。结尾段总结扩充段的内容，回答篇题提出的问题：“To work hard and never leave today's work till tomorrow are the best ways to spend time.”（努力工作，永远不要把今天的工作拖到明天去做是利用时间的最好办法。）
事理说明:欢乐与忧伤-Joy and Sorrow
欢乐与忧伤
【内容提示】
请你就“欢乐与忧伤”这一命题，写一篇英语说明文。
内容要点如下：
①生活中，苦与乐像影子一样与我们结伴而行。
②在永恒的自然中，快乐是动力，推动世界前进。
③愉快的人与别人分享欢乐，从善待别人中得到满足。
④苦是自找的。追逐名利的人永远没有欢乐，而只有痛苦。
⑤忌妒、报复心和虚荣心也是痛苦的根源。它们存在于人们的想象之中。
⑥要快乐就必须排除欲望和想象所导致的痛苦。
【作文示范】
Joy and Sorrow
In our life, joy and sorrow are like shadows that follow and go along with us. Sometimes we are in joy. Sometimes we are in sorrow. At times we cannot tell joy from sorrow.
What is joy In the nature that is going on forever, joy is a driving power, which pushes the world forward. A joyful person has a sound mind and lives a happy life. He takes part in good activities and shares the joy with his fellows in the cause. It can be said that the joyful person is satisfied from being kind to others.
Sorrow is often self-sought①. The desire for power adds to one's sorrow. The desire for power goes side by side with the desire for fame and wealth. When the desire for power and fame and wealth is out of balance② with reality, it becomes the root of sorrow. Besides, envy, revenge ③ and vanity④ are also sources of sorrow. The three evils⑤ exist in man's imagination⑥. People suffer from them without knowing.
To be happy one must get free from sorrow led by desire and imagination.
【词语解释】
①self-sought['self's&t] a．自找的
②out of balance['b$l+ns] 失去平衡
③revenge[ri'venDN] n．报仇；报复（心）
④vanity['v$n+ti] n．虚荣心；自负
⑤evil['i:v+l] n．邪恶；罪恶
⑥imagination[i m$DNi'neiM+n] n．想象；想像力
【写法指要】
本文是谈苦乐观的事理说明文。作者在文章引言段的一开头用明喻的修辞格，把苦和乐比作时刻伴随我们的影子，引出篇题。第二段和第三段是正文，各讲一方面。第二段写作者对欢乐的理解，第三段是对忧伤的诠释，并分析了产生痛苦的两种原因——欲望和想象。结尾段用简短的一句话提出摆脱痛苦的方法。
事理说明:有志者事竟成-Where There Is a Will, There Is a Way
有志者事竟成
【内容提示】
用英语写一篇文章，说明“有志者事竟成”的道理。你可以顺着以下思路来写：
①如果你想成功，你就必须有志气。
②多数人失败的原因就是因为他们没有坚强的意志和决心，害怕困难，强调客观。
③做任何事情困难总是有的，但是如果你意志坚强，就能战胜困难，取得成功。
④有些人之所以能取得辉煌成绩就是因为他们不怕困难，勇敢接受挑战等。
【作文示范】
Where There Is a Will, There Is a Way
This statement means that if you are really determined to do something, however difficult it might be, you will find a way of doing it at last. The point is that you must have the will if you are to succeed.
Ninety percent of the failures that occur are due to the fact there is no strong will. Many people simply say that they want something, but they do not make any attempt to achieve it. Thus, instead of getting it, they use the weakest excuses to explain the situation away.
On many occasions, too, people probably say much more than the truth about difficulties, making the objective impossible to reach. In fact, if one has the will to succeed, then the size of the obstacles① will seem smaller, and one can achieve one's goals.
If one wants to succeed, he should not allow obstacles or failures to prevent him from acting. He should learn to make his will stronger and to determine himself to achieve his ambitions.
One's will should be strong enough to wash or sweep away the difficulties in one's path to success. If one really has a strong will, then, somehow or other②, one will find a way to get what one wants, or reaches where one aims at arriving.
Many a famous man succeeded in arriving in their high social position because they had the will to overcome obstacles which were seemingly too difficult to be passed. They have managed to succeed because they controlled the will which helped them to achieve fame.
From what I say above, we can see that the main thing which one needs is will. Weak-willed people never make it to the top. A strong willed person, on the other hand, will stand up against all odds and will make it a point to succeed at last.
【词语解释】
①obstacle['&bst+kl] n．障碍（物）
②somehow['s)mhau] or other 以某种方式
【写法指要】
本文以定义至理名言“有志者，事竟成”开篇，把篇题定位在“You must have the will if you are to succeed.”上。正文分为5个自然段。第二、三段从反面阐述没有坚强的意志和决心，只强调客观、夸大困难就会失败的道理。第五、六段从正面说明只要有志气，有决心，就没有克服不了的困难，就会最终取得成功的道理。第四段是过渡段，即由反面说理向正面阐述过渡。最后一段是结尾段，综合上文说明能否成功的关键在于有没有意志，意志薄弱就不会成功，意志坚强就能成功。这样就与引言段的篇题“You must have the will if you are to succeed.”相呼应了。用钱钟书先生的话说，这叫“幡蛇章法”（la composition-serpent）：“端末钩接，类蛇之自衔其尾。”（《管锥篇》228—230页）