unit17new words and language points[下学期]

Unit17
New words:
1. disability 1)[U] 无能,无力,残废；
His disability prevents him from holding a job.
他的无能使他不能胜任这个工作。
2) [C] 伤残，残疾，缺陷
Not speaking French in Paris is a real disability.
在巴黎不讲法语实在是一个缺陷。
have a disability/ disabilities
with a disability/ disabilities
Some people have wrong attitude towards people with disabilities./who have disabilities
disable vt. 使某人残废
Eg. He was disabled in the war; he lost his ability to walk.
disable …from doing 使无能, 是伤残
An accident disabled him from playing football.
disabled adj. 残障的，残废的
the disabled（视为复数）（集合用法）残障者，伤兵
2.ability n. [c; u] power and skill, esp. to do, think, make, etc (制作；思考；创造的）能力；才能
a man of many abilities多才能的人
ability to do 做某事的能力
I doubt her ability to do the job.
我认为她没有做这个工作的能力。
She has the ability to speak English fluently.
她能够流利地说英文。
She has the ability to go to college, but she doesn’t want to.
她有能力上大学，但她不愿意去。
辨析：
genius ：只用于少见的才华或有天才的人
Einstein had genius/ was a genius.
talent:不如genius重，都用来指天生的能力
a young actor with a lot of talent
She has a talent for music.
skill:指一种可以学到的本领，技能
ability:(指制作；思考；创造的）能力；才能
3.sidewalk [C]（美）人行道
pavement [C]（英）人行道
4.elevator n.（美）电梯；升降梯
lift n.（英）电梯
take an elevator 坐电梯
operate an elevator 操作电梯
escalator n. 自动扶梯；滚梯（亦作moving staircase）
5.get around (=get about)
1)四处走动，活动move about
He got around in the room as he couldn’t work out the problem.
他由于无法解决这个难题，便在房间里来回走动。
2)（消息，谣言）传开来 spread
The good news soon got around. 消息很快传开了。
3)避开；逃避；绕过某困难avoid sth or find a way to deal with sth
You can sometimes get around the tax laws.
有时你可以钻税收法的空子。 逃税
4）说服persuade someone to accept one’s own way of thinking
You can get around him easily.
6.fair –n.[c] 商品展览会，商品交易会
a world fair 世界博览会
Yesterday, he went to a book fair and bought a lot of books.
昨天，他到图书展览会上买了很多书。
adj. 公正的；晴朗的；头发金黄的
a fair judgment 公正的审判
fair play 公平比赛
a fair morning 晴朗的早晨
fair-haired girl 金发女郎
7.potential adj.潜在的, 可能的not at present active or developed, but able to become so
a potential problem 潜在的问题
For the first time she realized the potential danger of her situation.
她第一次意识到自己所处的情况的潜在危险。
n 潜力,可能性possibility for developing or being developed
a new invention with a big sales potential 有巨大销售潜力的新发明
8.guidance [U] 指导，引导，率领
with/under sb.’s guidance 在某人指导下
Students make choices about their future with the guidance of their teachers.
学生通常在老师的指导下对自己的未来作出选择。
traffic guidance 交通管理
guide vt. 领路；带领
guide n. 向导；导游；指南；指导
9.gifted adj. 有天赋的，有天资的
a gifted musician 有天赋的音乐家
He is gifted in writing. 他是一个有天赋的作家。
gift [C] 天赋，天资；礼物，赠品，捐赠
have a gift for 有……的天赋
He is a boy of many gifts.他是一个多才多艺的少年。
He has a gift for language.
a Christmas gift 圣诞礼物
10.assist vt. 帮助，援助（词义比help严肃，主要用于从旁协助之时）
assist sb. with sth.帮助某人做某事
to do sth.
in doing sth.
A team of nurses assisted the doctor with the operation.
一群护士协助医生做手术。
He assisted us to establish a new company.
他帮助我们成立一家新公司。
He assisted his father in cleaning the car.
他帮他父亲洗车子。
assistant n. 助手
assist/help/aid辨析assist常指受协助的人能做一部分工作。
aid指援助一群人，特别是用钱。
e.g.1) One _______someone who is drowning.
2) One _______________someone who is moving a piano.
3) _________for developing countries
11.cooperate vi.（与……）合作，协力
to work or act together for a shared purpose
cooperate to do 合作干某事
cooperate with (sb.) in (sth.) 与……合作某事
The two countries cooperated to design the satellite.
这两个国家合作设计人造卫星。
The British cooperated with the French in designing the satellite.
英法两国合作设计人造卫星。
cooperation [U] 合作，协力帮助willingness to work together; help
I need your cooperation in this matter.
The TV play was produced in cooperation with CCTV.
这部电视剧是与中央电视台合作制作的。
12.recognition n. 认识，识别；承认，认可
beyond recognition/out of recognition完全改了模样，面目全非
win/receive /meet with recognition from sb.赢得（某人的）赏识，博得（某人的）好评
Einstein received international recognition for his many scientific achievements.
recognize vt. 认识，承认。
I recognized Peter although I hadn’t seen him for 10 years.
虽然我有10年没看到彼得了，但我认出了他。
13.sympathy n.
1) 同情[u]pity for the sufferings of other people（常与for/with搭配）
I haven/t a bit of sympathy for her.
I felt sympathy for the victims of the accident.
我对意外事故的受害者感到同情。
I’m writing to express my sympathy with you and your family.
2)同情（某一边）（复）赞成；有同感[u]
You have my sympathies. 我很同情你。
I have no sympathy with such a stupid attitude.
express sympathy for （对……表示）慰问
feel /have sympathy for 同情…
win sympathy of 博得……的同情
be in sympathy with 同情；赞成
14.encouragement [U] 奖励，激励，促进；[C] 鼓励的话或行为，刺激。
He received a lot of encouragement from his teacher.
老师给他很大的激励。
courage n. 勇气
encourage vt. 鼓励，激励某人
encouraging adj.振奋人心的，令人振奋的
encouraged adj. 受鼓舞的，鼓励的
encourage sb to do sth鼓励某人今后做某事
The teacher encouraged me to study abroad.老师鼓励我以后出国学习。
discourage/ prevent sb. from doing sth
His mother discouraged him from joining the navy.
discourage doing
We discourage smoking in this school.
15.productive adj. 生产力的，多产的，肥沃的；富有成效的
productive forces 生产力
productive labor有价值的劳动
a productive writer多产作家
a productive land肥沃的土地
produce vt. 生产，制造
product n. 产品；产量；产物；结果，成果
production n. 生产，制造；产量，生产量
16.visual adj. 视觉的，视力的（没有比较级和最高级）
visually adv. 视觉上地，外表上地
visual organ 视觉器官
visual field 视野
visual nerve 视神经
visual sensation 视觉
visual pollution 视觉污染
17.impair vt. 损害；削弱 （常用于被动语态）
When you’re tired, your judgment is impaired.
当你疲劳时，你的判断力就会削弱。
impair one’s health 损害健康
18.motivate vt. 使有动机；激发
motivate sb. to do sth. 激励某人做某事
19.adjust vt. 调整；调解
You can adjust the color on the TV by turning the knob.
你可以转动这个旋钮来调整电视的色彩。
adjust oneself to …使自己适应于……
She adjusted herself to his way of life. 她使自己适应了她的生活方式。
vi. 适应
adjust to 适应，调整（to为介词）
My eyes haven’t adjusted to the dark yet.我的眼睛还不能适应黑暗。
adapt(…) to
apply to
adjustment n. 调整，调节
20.ceremony [C] 仪式，典礼
a wedding ceremony 结婚典礼
hold/attend the graduation ceremony举行（参加）毕业典礼
the opening（closing）ceremony开幕（闭幕）式
21.victory [C] & [U] 胜利，战胜
win/achieve/gain/score a victory获得胜利
22.dignity [U] 尊贵，尊严，高贵
be beneath one’s dignity有失体面
stand on one’s dignity维持尊严
A man’s dignity depends not upon his wealth but upon his character。
人的尊严不在他的财富而在于他的人格。
Only a truly free man has human dignity.
只有真正自由的人才具有人的尊严。
23. shameful adj. “可耻的，不体面的，不名誉的”，常用于指事物或行为。
It’s a shameful thing to tell lies.
shame [C]“羞愧的人或事，遗憾”；[U]，“羞愧，羞耻”
She blushed with shame.她羞愧地涨红了脸。
What a shame/pity (that) you have to leave so soon!
真遗憾你得这么早就离开！
What a shame! 真丢脸！
24. participate vi. 参加，参与
I’ll participate in your suffering and joy.我要和你同甘共苦.
participate in sth with sb与某人参加……
participate in sth. 参加某项活动
participant [C] 参加者，参与者（in名词）
participation [U] 参加，加入（in名词）
26.conduct vt. 1) 引导,带领
He conducted the members of the audience to their seats.
他引观众到他们的座位上。
2.)实施;处理;经营,管理
They hired agents to conduct their affairs.
他们雇请代理人来处理他们的事务。
3) 为人,表现 conduct oneself
4) 指挥(军队,乐队等)
Mr. Green will conduct the orchestra.
格林先生将指挥这支管弦乐队。
5) 【物】传导(热,电等)
Most metals conduct electricity.
大多数金属能导电。
27. accessible adj. 可以得到的，能进入的；容易接近的
Visit other public buildings and find out if they are accessible or not.
参观一下其他的公共大楼，看看它们是否可以通过。
be accessible to sb 某人容易得到, 了解,亲近
This book is easily accessible to the young reader.
access n. 1)接近；进入；入口；通路
The only access to the town is across the bridge.
到镇上唯一的通路是经过一座桥。
2)接近的机会,进入的权利
You can easily get access to him.你很容易接近他.
He is easy of access. 他是容易接近的.
Reading:
1.treat 用法：
1)He treated my words _____ a joke. like
2)He treated me ____ an ice-cream. to
3)He treated me _______I were a child. like/ as
4)He treated me _________ a child. as if
5)Which doctor is treating you _____ your illness for
2.award- n. 奖状；奖金；
v. award sb. sth. for…
prize – n. 奖金，奖赏，
reward – n.报酬；酬金；报答
v. reword sb. with sth for
1)She showed us the athletics _________she had won. award
2)She won the first __________ in the 100 meters. prize
3)改错He was awarded with the prize for being the fast runner. 去with
4)He will expect some ________ after working so hard. reward
3.get around/ get about
= be able to move from place to place
He could get around again after the operation.
She doesn’t get around much these days.
Bad news gets around quickly.
We can get around the problem of space by building a space station.
我们能通过建立空间咱来解决太空问题。
5. launch –v. 1)开办;开始（计划；活动等)cause to begin
launch a new enterprise 创办一个新企业
launch an attack 开始攻击
The government has launched a new plan to build more houses.
2) set a boat into the water 使下水
launch a ship 使船下水
3)send into the sky
launch a man-made satellite 发射人造卫星
The America and Russians have launched many rockets into space.
4)使下水；让（某人）开始（某项）事业
He launched his son in business.
launch one’s son into the world 把儿子送到社会上
6.rest 用法：
1) The rest of his life ___spent in a wheelchair. A. was B. were
2) At least four of the enemy fled and the rest ___ killed.
A. was B. were
3) I have read a large part of the book; the rest ___ more difficult.
A. is B. are
4) Some girl are going to see the film. ___ are to stay.
A. The rest girls B. The rest of the girls
5) The rest ___ to wait for us. A. is B. are
6) The rest ___ no telling. A. needs B. need
7. visually impaired
adv.+ --ed 在。。。方面是被。。。了的
generally modified 转基因的（在基因方面被修改了的）
mentally disabled / handicapped 身体残疾的
highly developed countries
the mentally disabled
The mentally disabled receive little fair treatment or encouragement.
智力上残疾的人很少受到公平的待遇或鼓励。
8.I have to learn to live with my body as it is and adjusted to my way of life.我已经学会接受自己残疾的身体并适应了自己的生活方式。
live with 接受或容忍某种现象 =accept or tolerate sth.
You’ll just have to learn to live with it, I’m afraid.
as it is 1)(用在句首）可事实上；实际上
As it was, I declined the offer.
2)(插在句中）= as it stands 按照原状；按照实际来说
3)(用在句末）按照原状，照旧
Leave it as it is.就这样算了吧。不要动它。
as it were (插入语）仿佛，好像，可以说 like
He is , as it were, a grown-up baby.
adjust vt.调节；调整，校正,调解
She adjusted her clothes and her hair before going out.
He must adjust the errors.他必须校正误差。
+-adjust to sth./ adjust oneself to sth.使适合；使适应
He adjusted himself very quickly to the heat of the country.
He soon adjusted to the life in the army.
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