倒装的详细讲解[下学期]
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倒 装 Inversion
I.全部倒装：（整个谓语放在主语前，常见于一般现在时，和一般过去时）
1.There be (live, come, stand, exist, remain, lie) 表存在意思词：
There are many new schools in this city.
There came a knock at the door.
There lived an emperor many years ago.
There stands a pole in front of the building.
2.Here, There, Now, Then, Thus 等副词置于句首，谓语动词常用 be, come, go, lie, run:
There goes the bell.
Then came the chairman.
Here comes the bus.
Here are some picture-books.
Thus runs the story.
注意：主语是代词时不倒装：
Here you are.
Here he comes.
3.表方位的词置于句首：
To the left was a school.
To the north of the city are/ lie two schools.
North of the lake are/ lie two schools.
There was a farmhouse, in front of which sat a small boy.
He flew to Shanghai where lived his brother.
4.在描写一个情景时，有时为了事情景更生动，可以把 out, in, up, down, away, off, on放在主语前，全部倒装：
Up went the arrow into the air.
Out rushed a dog from the door.
Away went the boy.
In came a women.
但：In he came.
Away he went.
5.某些表祝愿的句子：
Long live our motherland.
6.在直接引语中：
“They must be in the field now.” thought he.
II.部分倒装：（是将助动词或情态动词移到主语前）
1. 句首为否定或半否定意义的词语:
no, not, never, seldom, little, hardly, nowhere, by no means(决不)，at no time（决不），in no way (一点也不)， not a bit, in no time (立刻),
Never have I seen such a performance.
Hardly did he speak about the difficulties in his work.
Seldom did he go to the cinema.
Nowhere did I find the book.
注:上述词不在句首不倒装.
2．以否定词开头的关联词语：
Not only… but also, Hardly/ Scarcely…when, No sooner … than, Not until
Not only… but also…是并列联词,第一分句倒装
Not only does Bill sing, but also he plays the piano.
Not only was everything he had taken away from him but also is German citizenship.
如果not only … but also 置于句首连接两个主语则不倒装：
Not only you but also I am fond of music.
主从复合句，主句倒装
No sooner had I got home than it began to rain.
Not until his mother came back did he go to bed.
3.so, neither, nor 表“也； 也不”的句子要部分倒装：
Tom can speak French, so can Jack.
You don’t like football, neither/ nor do I.
If you won’t go, neither will I.
如so当“确实如此”不倒装：
Tom asked me to go to play football and so I did.
---It’s raining hard.
---So it is.
4.在虚拟语气条件从句中，谓语有动词be , 动词have, 助动词， 情态动词时，可省略if 把上述词提前：
Were I you, I would try it again.
Had I time, I would go.
Should it rain, we wouldn’t go swimming.
Were it to rain, we wouldn’t go swimming.
Had you not help ed me, I should have failed.
5.当only 放在句首修饰状语时：
Only then, did he realize that he was wrong.
Only in this way, can you solve the problem.
Only when the war was over, was he able to get happily back to work.
Only不位于句首或不修饰状语时不倒装。
Only I was stopped entering.
6.由特殊句式引起的倒装：
A)由as引导的让步状语从句,表语或主动词放句首：
1）名词（无冠词）+ as + 主 + 动
2）形（副，分词）+ as + 主 + 动
3）动 + as + 主 + 助动词/情态动词
Child as he is, he knows a lot.
Young as he is, he knows a lot.
Hard as he studied, he failed.
Try as he might, he wouldn’t succeed.
___, he does get angry with her sometimes. A. As he likes her much B. Though much he likes her C. much as he likes her D. Much even if he likes her
B)由whatever, however/no matter what, no matter how引导的让步状语
However hard a solid may be, we can change it shape.
However great the difficulty may be, we won’t lose heart.
Whatever reasons you have, you should carry out your promise.
However many difficulties you meet with, you should try to overcome them.
C)The more…, the more…
The more you listen to English, the easier it becomes.
The harder you work, the greater progress you’ll make.
7.so… that
So frightened was he that he did not dare to move an inch.
So fast does the light travel that it is difficult for us to imagine its speed.
8.在某些表祝愿的句型中：
May you be happy. (You may be happy.)
May God bless you. (God may bless you.)
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I.全部倒装：（整个谓语放在主语前，常见于一般现在时，和一般过去时）
1.There be (live, come, stand, exist, remain, lie) 表存在意思词：
There are many new schools in this city.
There came a knock at the door.
There lived an emperor many years ago.
There stands a pole in front of the building.
2.Here, There, Now, Then, Thus 等副词置于句首，谓语动词常用 be, come, go, lie, run:
There goes the bell.
Then came the chairman.
Here comes the bus.
Here are some picture-books.
Thus runs the story.
注意：主语是代词时不倒装：
Here you are.
Here he comes.
3.表方位的词置于句首：
To the left was a school.
To the north of the city are/ lie two schools.
North of the lake are/ lie two schools.
There was a farmhouse, in front of which sat a small boy.
He flew to Shanghai where lived his brother.
4.在描写一个情景时，有时为了事情景更生动，可以把 out, in, up, down, away, off, on放在主语前，全部倒装：
Up went the arrow into the air.
Out rushed a dog from the door.
Away went the boy.
In came a women.
但：In he came.
Away he went.
5.某些表祝愿的句子：
Long live our motherland.
6.在直接引语中：
“They must be in the field now.” thought he.
II.部分倒装：（是将助动词或情态动词移到主语前）
1. 句首为否定或半否定意义的词语:
no, not, never, seldom, little, hardly, nowhere, by no means(决不)，at no time（决不），in no way (一点也不)， not a bit, in no time (立刻),
Never have I seen such a performance.
Hardly did he speak about the difficulties in his work.
Seldom did he go to the cinema.
Nowhere did I find the book.
注:上述词不在句首不倒装.
2．以否定词开头的关联词语：
Not only… but also, Hardly/ Scarcely…when, No sooner … than, Not until
Not only… but also…是并列联词,第一分句倒装
Not only does Bill sing, but also he plays the piano.
Not only was everything he had taken away from him but also is German citizenship.
如果not only … but also 置于句首连接两个主语则不倒装：
Not only you but also I am fond of music.
主从复合句，主句倒装
No sooner had I got home than it began to rain.
Not until his mother came back did he go to bed.
3.so, neither, nor 表“也； 也不”的句子要部分倒装：
Tom can speak French, so can Jack.
You don’t like football, neither/ nor do I.
If you won’t go, neither will I.
如so当“确实如此”不倒装：
Tom asked me to go to play football and so I did.
---It’s raining hard.
---So it is.
4.在虚拟语气条件从句中，谓语有动词be , 动词have, 助动词， 情态动词时，可省略if 把上述词提前：
Were I you, I would try it again.
Had I time, I would go.
Should it rain, we wouldn’t go swimming.
Were it to rain, we wouldn’t go swimming.
Had you not help ed me, I should have failed.
5.当only 放在句首修饰状语时：
Only then, did he realize that he was wrong.
Only in this way, can you solve the problem.
Only when the war was over, was he able to get happily back to work.
Only不位于句首或不修饰状语时不倒装。
Only I was stopped entering.
6.由特殊句式引起的倒装：
A)由as引导的让步状语从句,表语或主动词放句首：
1）名词（无冠词）+ as + 主 + 动
2）形（副，分词）+ as + 主 + 动
3）动 + as + 主 + 助动词/情态动词
Child as he is, he knows a lot.
Young as he is, he knows a lot.
Hard as he studied, he failed.
Try as he might, he wouldn’t succeed.
___, he does get angry with her sometimes. A. As he likes her much B. Though much he likes her C. much as he likes her D. Much even if he likes her
B)由whatever, however/no matter what, no matter how引导的让步状语
However hard a solid may be, we can change it shape.
However great the difficulty may be, we won’t lose heart.
Whatever reasons you have, you should carry out your promise.
However many difficulties you meet with, you should try to overcome them.
C)The more…, the more…
The more you listen to English, the easier it becomes.
The harder you work, the greater progress you’ll make.
7.so… that
So frightened was he that he did not dare to move an inch.
So fast does the light travel that it is difficult for us to imagine its speed.
8.在某些表祝愿的句型中：
May you be happy. (You may be happy.)
May God bless you. (God may bless you.)
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