Grammar : Non-finite verb[下学期]
文档属性
| 名称 | Grammar : Non-finite verb[下学期] |  | |
| 格式 | rar | ||
| 文件大小 | 12.7KB | ||
| 资源类型 | 教案 | ||
| 版本资源 | |||
| 科目 | 英语 | ||
| 更新时间 | 2006-04-05 23:56:00 | ||
图片预览
文档简介
Period four Grammar
I. Teaching aim and point: To review Nonfinite Verbs: -ing, -ed, to do…
II. Teaching procedures:
Grammar : Non-finite verb
非限定动词，也叫非谓语动词，在句中不能单独作谓语。分为：不定式、动名词和分词
Step 1 to do
A. Basic forms: to do
not to do
to be done
to be doing
to have done
to have been done
B. Basic usages:
1. Used as Subject: To see is to believe.
It is right to give up smoking.
2. Used as Object: He wanted to go.
I find it interesting to study computer.
3. Used as O.P: He asked me to do the homework with him.
注意在feel, hear, listen to, look at , notice, see, watch, make,等词后的宾语补足语中，省略to.但改为被动要补出to.
4. Used as Attributive: He needs a room to live in.
I’ve got a letter to write.
5. Used as Adverbial: We turned the lights off in order not to waste electricity.
He hurried to the school to find nobody there.
6. Used as Predicative: My job is to help the patient.
To see is to believe.
1. I’ve work with children before, so I know what ___ in my job.
A. expected B. to expect C. to be expecting D. expects
2. The purpose of new technologies is to make life easier, ____ it more difficult.
A. not make B. not to make C. not making D. do not make
3. I would love _____ to the party last night but I had to work extra hours to finish a report.
A. to go B. having gone C. going D. to have gone
4. Having a trip abroad is certainly good for the old couple, but it remains _______ whether they will enjoy it.
A. to see B. to be seen C. seeing D. seen
5. The patient was warned ____ oily food after the operation.
A. to eat not B. eating not C. not to eat D. not eat
Step 2 V-ing
动词+ing构成，具有名词和动词的特性，在句中起名词的作用。
A: Basic forms: doing / being done
having done / having been done
not doing
B: Basic usages:
1. Used as S: Collecting information is very important to business men.
It is no use arguing with him.
2. Used as O: She didn’t mind Jack coming late.
He finished reading the book.
3. Used as P: Her job is teaching.
4. Used as At: He has a reading room.
There is a swimming pool in our school.
5. Used as Ad: European football is played in 80 countries, making it the most popular sport in the world.
常见的接动名词的动词：
mind, risk, stop, practise, be busy in, avoid, consider, keep, miss, insist on, suggest, enjoy, delay, advise, escape, finish, begin, admit, give up…
用it 做形式主语， 动名词做主语的常见句型：
It is / was a waste of time doing…
It is no good/ use doing…
There is no point in doing…
There is no use / good in doing…
There is nothing worse than doing…
It is worthwhile doing…
*动词want, need, require, deserve 等和形容词worth后接V-ing形式的主动形式作宾语，表示被动关系，如接不定式时，则必须用被动形式。
即need doing=need to be done
*以下短语中to 为介词，接名词，代词或V-ing 作宾
get down to 开始认真（做某事）
look forward to
stick to 坚持
turn to 翻到，求助于
see to 照顾；处理
devote oneself to
contribute to
be used to (doing sth.) …
Step 3 Doing & Done
分词: 现在分词(doing)和过去分词(done)
现在分词有一般式和完成式
一般式表示的动作和谓语的动作同时发生。
Being a student, he was interested in books.
完成式(having+ done/ being done)表示的动作在谓语动词所表示的动作之前发生。
Having been criticized by the teacher, Li Ming gave up smoking.
1. Used as S:
分词短语放在被修饰的名词之后；单个分词则放在被修饰的名词之前。
The man standing at the window is our teacher.
Polluted air and water are harmful to people’s health.
2.Used as Ad:
时间、原因、结果、条件、让步、伴随状况。
Being a student, I must study hard.(原因)
While reading the book, he nodded from time to time.(时间）
The teacher stood there surrounded by the students.(方式）
3. Used as P:
The news is inspiring.
He remained studying the sea animals.
4. Used as O.P.:
We saw the teacher making the experiment.
Step 4 不定式与动词ing形式的区别
不定式表示具体的，将来的，有意识的动作；
V+ing表示抽象的，无意识的，习惯性的倾向。
*forget, remember, go on, like, stop, try, mean,等动词后可跟动词ing和动词不定式作宾语，但表示意义不一样。
Stop talking.
Stop to talk.
I’ll try to improve my English.
Try improving this way if you are bad at English.
I mean to come early today.
(我打算今天早些来）
Missing the train meaning waiting for another hour.
(误了这趟火车意味着再等一小时。）
Step 5 Exercises:
1. Friendship is like money：easier made than ______
A．kept B．to be kept C．keeping D. being kept
2. _ the meeting himself gave them a great deal of encouragement．
A．The president will attend B．The president to attend
C．The president attended D．The president's attending
3. Unless __ to speak，you should remain silent at the conference．
A．invited B．inviting C．being invited D．having invited
4. She will tell us why she feels so strongly that each of us has a role ______ in making the earth a better place to live．
A. to have played B．to play C．to be played D．to be playing
5. How about the two of us ____ a walk down the garden
A. to take B. take C. taking D. to be taking
6. ____ down the radio ---- the baby’s asleep in the next room.
A. Turning B. To turn C. Turned D. Turn
7. Charles Babbage is generally considered ____ the first computer.
A. to invent B. inventing C. to have invented D. having invented
8. ---I must apologize for ____ ahead of time.
---That’s all right.
A. letting you not know B. not letting you know
C. letting you know not D. letting not you know
9. Rather than ___ on a crowded bus, he always prefers ____ a bicycle.
A. ride; ride B. riding; ride C. ride; to ride D. to ride; riding
10. The missing boys were last seen ____ near the river.
A. playing B. to be playing C. play D. to play
11. The first textbooks ____ for teaching English as a foreign language came out in the 16th century.
A. having written B. to be written C. being written D. written
12. ---You were brave enough to raised objections at the meeting.
---Well, now I regret ____ that.
A. to do b. to be doing C. to have done D. having done
13. The boy wanted to ride his bicycle in the street, but his mother told him.
A. not to B. not to do C. not do it D. do not to
14. ---What do you think made Mary so upset
---____ her new bicycle.
A. As she lost B. Lost C. Losing D. Because of losing
15. She can’t help ____ the house because she’s busy making a cake.
A. to clean B. cleaning C. cleaned D. being cleaned
16. She looks forward every spring to _____ the flower-lined garden.
A. visit B. paying a visit C. walk in D. walking in
17. While shopping, people sometime can’t help ____ into buying something they don’t really need.
A. to pursue B. persuading C. being persuaded D. be persuaded
18. The purpose of new technologies is to make life easier, ____ it more difficult.
A. not make B. not to make C. not making D. do not make
19. A computer does only what thinking people _____.
A. have it do B. have it done C. have done it D. having it done
20. When I got back home I saw a message pinned to the door ____ “Sorry to miss you; will call later.”
A. read B. reads C. to read D. reading
PAGE
8
I. Teaching aim and point: To review Nonfinite Verbs: -ing, -ed, to do…
II. Teaching procedures:
Grammar : Non-finite verb
非限定动词，也叫非谓语动词，在句中不能单独作谓语。分为：不定式、动名词和分词
Step 1 to do
A. Basic forms: to do
not to do
to be done
to be doing
to have done
to have been done
B. Basic usages:
1. Used as Subject: To see is to believe.
It is right to give up smoking.
2. Used as Object: He wanted to go.
I find it interesting to study computer.
3. Used as O.P: He asked me to do the homework with him.
注意在feel, hear, listen to, look at , notice, see, watch, make,等词后的宾语补足语中，省略to.但改为被动要补出to.
4. Used as Attributive: He needs a room to live in.
I’ve got a letter to write.
5. Used as Adverbial: We turned the lights off in order not to waste electricity.
He hurried to the school to find nobody there.
6. Used as Predicative: My job is to help the patient.
To see is to believe.
1. I’ve work with children before, so I know what ___ in my job.
A. expected B. to expect C. to be expecting D. expects
2. The purpose of new technologies is to make life easier, ____ it more difficult.
A. not make B. not to make C. not making D. do not make
3. I would love _____ to the party last night but I had to work extra hours to finish a report.
A. to go B. having gone C. going D. to have gone
4. Having a trip abroad is certainly good for the old couple, but it remains _______ whether they will enjoy it.
A. to see B. to be seen C. seeing D. seen
5. The patient was warned ____ oily food after the operation.
A. to eat not B. eating not C. not to eat D. not eat
Step 2 V-ing
动词+ing构成，具有名词和动词的特性，在句中起名词的作用。
A: Basic forms: doing / being done
having done / having been done
not doing
B: Basic usages:
1. Used as S: Collecting information is very important to business men.
It is no use arguing with him.
2. Used as O: She didn’t mind Jack coming late.
He finished reading the book.
3. Used as P: Her job is teaching.
4. Used as At: He has a reading room.
There is a swimming pool in our school.
5. Used as Ad: European football is played in 80 countries, making it the most popular sport in the world.
常见的接动名词的动词：
mind, risk, stop, practise, be busy in, avoid, consider, keep, miss, insist on, suggest, enjoy, delay, advise, escape, finish, begin, admit, give up…
用it 做形式主语， 动名词做主语的常见句型：
It is / was a waste of time doing…
It is no good/ use doing…
There is no point in doing…
There is no use / good in doing…
There is nothing worse than doing…
It is worthwhile doing…
*动词want, need, require, deserve 等和形容词worth后接V-ing形式的主动形式作宾语，表示被动关系，如接不定式时，则必须用被动形式。
即need doing=need to be done
*以下短语中to 为介词，接名词，代词或V-ing 作宾
get down to 开始认真（做某事）
look forward to
stick to 坚持
turn to 翻到，求助于
see to 照顾；处理
devote oneself to
contribute to
be used to (doing sth.) …
Step 3 Doing & Done
分词: 现在分词(doing)和过去分词(done)
现在分词有一般式和完成式
一般式表示的动作和谓语的动作同时发生。
Being a student, he was interested in books.
完成式(having+ done/ being done)表示的动作在谓语动词所表示的动作之前发生。
Having been criticized by the teacher, Li Ming gave up smoking.
1. Used as S:
分词短语放在被修饰的名词之后；单个分词则放在被修饰的名词之前。
The man standing at the window is our teacher.
Polluted air and water are harmful to people’s health.
2.Used as Ad:
时间、原因、结果、条件、让步、伴随状况。
Being a student, I must study hard.(原因)
While reading the book, he nodded from time to time.(时间）
The teacher stood there surrounded by the students.(方式）
3. Used as P:
The news is inspiring.
He remained studying the sea animals.
4. Used as O.P.:
We saw the teacher making the experiment.
Step 4 不定式与动词ing形式的区别
不定式表示具体的，将来的，有意识的动作；
V+ing表示抽象的，无意识的，习惯性的倾向。
*forget, remember, go on, like, stop, try, mean,等动词后可跟动词ing和动词不定式作宾语，但表示意义不一样。
Stop talking.
Stop to talk.
I’ll try to improve my English.
Try improving this way if you are bad at English.
I mean to come early today.
(我打算今天早些来）
Missing the train meaning waiting for another hour.
(误了这趟火车意味着再等一小时。）
Step 5 Exercises:
1. Friendship is like money：easier made than ______
A．kept B．to be kept C．keeping D. being kept
2. _ the meeting himself gave them a great deal of encouragement．
A．The president will attend B．The president to attend
C．The president attended D．The president's attending
3. Unless __ to speak，you should remain silent at the conference．
A．invited B．inviting C．being invited D．having invited
4. She will tell us why she feels so strongly that each of us has a role ______ in making the earth a better place to live．
A. to have played B．to play C．to be played D．to be playing
5. How about the two of us ____ a walk down the garden
A. to take B. take C. taking D. to be taking
6. ____ down the radio ---- the baby’s asleep in the next room.
A. Turning B. To turn C. Turned D. Turn
7. Charles Babbage is generally considered ____ the first computer.
A. to invent B. inventing C. to have invented D. having invented
8. ---I must apologize for ____ ahead of time.
---That’s all right.
A. letting you not know B. not letting you know
C. letting you know not D. letting not you know
9. Rather than ___ on a crowded bus, he always prefers ____ a bicycle.
A. ride; ride B. riding; ride C. ride; to ride D. to ride; riding
10. The missing boys were last seen ____ near the river.
A. playing B. to be playing C. play D. to play
11. The first textbooks ____ for teaching English as a foreign language came out in the 16th century.
A. having written B. to be written C. being written D. written
12. ---You were brave enough to raised objections at the meeting.
---Well, now I regret ____ that.
A. to do b. to be doing C. to have done D. having done
13. The boy wanted to ride his bicycle in the street, but his mother told him.
A. not to B. not to do C. not do it D. do not to
14. ---What do you think made Mary so upset
---____ her new bicycle.
A. As she lost B. Lost C. Losing D. Because of losing
15. She can’t help ____ the house because she’s busy making a cake.
A. to clean B. cleaning C. cleaned D. being cleaned
16. She looks forward every spring to _____ the flower-lined garden.
A. visit B. paying a visit C. walk in D. walking in
17. While shopping, people sometime can’t help ____ into buying something they don’t really need.
A. to pursue B. persuading C. being persuaded D. be persuaded
18. The purpose of new technologies is to make life easier, ____ it more difficult.
A. not make B. not to make C. not making D. do not make
19. A computer does only what thinking people _____.
A. have it do B. have it done C. have done it D. having it done
20. When I got back home I saw a message pinned to the door ____ “Sorry to miss you; will call later.”
A. read B. reads C. to read D. reading
PAGE
8