unit11 Scientific achievement[下学期]

高二（下）英语新教材素质教育新教案
Unit 11 Scientific achievement
Ⅰ.Brief Statements Based on the Unit
Science and technology are part of productive forces.The modern society has proved it.As we all see now,scientific achievements have changed the whole world and made people break away from ignorance and backwardness.The society has made great progress.This unit is arranged around the central topic—scientific achievement.In Warming up,there are several pictures asking students to talk about the most significant scientific achievements.The Speaking part introduces four different scientists who want to get money to complete their projects which are very helpful to human beings.The reading material—Zhongguancun,which is called China’s Silicon Valley,is the new centre for Chinese science and technology.By studying this unit,students also know that Chinese history is filled with great achievements in science and technology.In particular,since the year 1995 the Chinese government put forward a plan for “rejuvenating the nation by relying on science and education” and this has helped Chinese scientists make many breakthroughs.This unit presents four such results in Integrating Skills.As to Grammar—Word Formation,teacher should let students master some knowledge of forming a word,and know how to use stems and affixes to form a compound.
Ⅱ.Teaching Goals
1.Talk about science and scientific achievement.
2.Practise expressing intentions and wishes.
3.Learn about Word Formation(1).
4.Write a persuasion essay.
Ⅲ.Background Information
1.The Influence of the Computer
About ten years ago,the computer was a strange machine.Not many people understood it.Not many people said yes to it.Today,much of that is changing.The first computer system was introduced for use in business in the mid-1950s.Since then,the number of computer systems used in business,governments,and institutions(公共机构) has grown rapidly.In 1975,about 250 000 systems were in use in the United States.This figure is growing by tens of thousands every year.
The electronic computer is an important factor in our lives.Each year we use computers more and more to help us to collect data and to provide us with information.At one time,people thought computers were only useful for banks,department stores,and governments.But today the rapidly increasing number of computers are used for many other purposes.
Have you ever stopped to think how you are affected by computer The clothes you wear were probably made with the help of a computer.The newspaper you read could have been edited and typed by a computer.Even radio programs are often prepared by computers.
Computers today are playing important roles in education,transportation and medicine.They are used to predict the weather,to examine the ocean,and to develop defence systems.They are being used by businesses,governments,and institutions.There is no reason to think that their use will decrease(减少).Computers will become a greater part of our lives.
The influence of the computer is great.The list of its uses could go on and on.Although the first computer was only introduced in the mid-1950s,computers now affect millions of people in countless ways every day.
2.The Information Revolution
The information revolution:How does it concern you Computers Are Changing Your World.
Ten years ago,in 1986,desktop computers were just beginning to make their entrance into the world of business.Now,they are invading(涌入) the family home at a rapid pace.More importantly,however,they are also changing the way we look at the world.The information superhighway is now open to increasing numbers of ordinary people.The superhighway is providing ordinary people with immediate access to a huge amount of information.It is also giving them almost unlimited opportunities of communication with people around the world.Ordinary people now have power to gain knowledge and to link up with so many fellow citizen of the world.This has never happened before in the history of the human race.
Information Superhighway
The global computer network is called the Internet.Large computers(called servers) from all over the world have been link up with satellites.From their home,ordinary people use their computers and their telephone lines to link up to these server computers.They can then access computers overseas and find information on almost any topic they can think of.They can read foreign newspapers,find out about the latest trends in music,films,books and fashion through library catalogues(目录),and find research data on almost any subject.
Other Activities on the Internet
If the Internet users have a credit card（信用卡）,they can shop for goods and services from the other side of the world.They can also join thousands of newsgroups (called “bulletin boards”,that is electronic message centres kept in computers).In these newsgroups,the Internet users can take part in discussions on many different topics with computers users around the world.
It is also possible to send letters electronically to people overseas through this computer network.This function of the computer is called “e-mail” or “electronic mail”.The letters sent arrive almost instantly at the recipient’s(接受者) server computer on the other side of the world.The cost of sending the e-mail is a fraction(小部分) of the cost of an airmail letter,a fax or a telephone conversation.
Ⅳ.Teaching Time:Four periods
The First Period
Teaching Aims:
1.Learn and master the following.
(1)New words:
engineering,solar,significant,mankind,constitution
(2)Everyday English:
If I got the money,I would…
My plan is to…
I hope that…
I want/wish/hope/intend/plan to…
I’d like to…
I’m thinking of…
2.Train the students’ listening and speaking abilities.
3.Talk about science and scientific achievement,urging the students to further understand the significance of science and scientific achievement and encouraging them to work hard at their lessons.
Teaching Important Points:
1.Finish the task of listening to train the students’ listening ability.
2.Practise expressing intentions and wishes to train the students’ speaking ability.
Teaching Difficult Points:
1.How to help the students talk in English about science and scientific achievement freely.
2.How to help the students finish the tasks of listening and speaking smoothly.
Teaching Methods:
1.Listening and speaking to train the students’ ability to use English.
2.Individual,pair or group work to make every student take an active part in class.
Teaching Aids:
1.the multimedia
2.the blackboard
Teaching Procedures:
Step Ⅰ Greetings and Lead-in
T:Hello,everyone.
Ss:Hello,teacher.
T:Sit down,please.Glad to be here with you again.Did you have a good holiday
Ss:Yes.
T:Have you gone anywhere to see some of your friends or relatives
Ss:Yes.
T:Have you found their life happier and richer than before
Ss:Yes.Much happier and richer than before.Their life is changing year by year.
T:I’m glad to hear that.Now let’s watch some programmes.
(Teacher turns on the multimedia.First,show the students a recorded programme in which the students can see the hard life people lived in the past.Then show them a programme in which people live a happy and modern life.After that,teacher says the following.)
T:Well.Who’d like to describe what you saw in the programmes Any volunteer
S:Let me have a try. In the programmes,we found people’s life has been greatly improved.Modern life is quite different from the past life.Years ago,people…,but now,…
T:Yes.People’s life has been changed.What about the world
Ss:The world has also been changed.
T:What has changed the world
Ss:Scientific achievement.
T:Yes.With the development of science and technology,the world is changing day by day.Today,we’re going to learn Unit 11 Scientific achievement (Bb:Unit 11 Scientific achievement)First,let’s learn some new words.Please look at the screen.
Step Ⅱ Warming up
T:Now,please tell us what scientific achievements you think have changed the world
Ss:Electricity,cars,aeroplanes,telephones,radio and television.
T:Anything else
Ss:The Theory of Gravity,the Internet,solar energy…
T:Quite right.Besides,some other ones like genetic engineering and cloning are also changing the world.
(Teacher writes all the scientific achievements mentioned above on the blackboard and says the following.)
T:Now,please look at the blackboard and tell which one do you think is the most significant And why
S1:I think electricity is the most significant,because it is a basic part of nature and it is one of our most widely used forms of energy.
S2:I think solar energy is the most significant,because it helps us save lots of natural sources of energy like coals,electricity,natural gas and oil.
S3:I think cars and aeroplanes are the most significant.They make the world a smaller place,which makes many things easy to do.
S4:I think the achievement of Genetic Engineering is significant.Not only has it given a glimpse into the extraordinary complexity of the structure of human DNA but it has also demonstrated the huge potential of cooperative scientific endeavour organized on an international basis.It has already produced important medical breakthroughs.
Ss:…
T:Wonderful.You all did a good job.Are there any other scientific achievements that you think are important What are they
Ss:The invention of steam engine,the discovery of “uranium” the invention of computer,the invention of telephone…
T:Do these achievements have anything in common
Ss:Yes.
T:What do they have in common
Ss:They are all important and useful for the development of mankind and society.
T:That’s right.Next,let’s do some listening about scientific achievement.
Step Ⅲ Listening
T:The listening material contains two parts.You are going to hear some words said by some famous people at the time when they achieved success.Can you follow me
Ss:Yes.
T:Well,now look at the chart in Exercise 1 at the top of Page 2 quickly.Then I’ll play the first part of the tape for you to complete it.After that,I’ll check your answers.
(After checking the answers to Exercise 1,teacher goes on to deal with Exercise 2)
T:Well done.Now,listen to Part 2 and complete the sentences in Exercise 2.If necessary,I’ll play it twice for you to finish or check your answers.OK
Ss:OK.
T:I’ll play it.Listen carefully!
(At last,teacher deals with Exercise 3.)
T:OK.So much for the tape.Now imagine you were the first person on Mars,or the first cloned human being or the first person to travel in time,what would you say Any volunteer
S1:If I were the first person on Mars,I would say “I’m here from the earth.”…
S2:…
T:Wonderful.If you want to do research about something,besides hard work,what else do you need
Ss:Modern equipment and money,especially money.You get enough money,and then you get the equipment you need.Funds are essential for doing research.
T:You are right.Now,please look at the Speaking part.
Step Ⅳ Speaking
T:Here are four scientists who want to get money to complete their project.Each scientist will have to introduce his or her project and explain why it is the most important.Now,I’ll put you in groups of five to have a discussion.Four group members represent scientists;one member will listen to all the scientists and ask questions.At the end of the discussion,he or she must decide who will get the money and why.Is everything clear
Ss:Yes.
T:And following the situation,there are some useful expressions.You can use them to express your intentions and wishes.Let’s go through them together before your discussion.
(Teacher and the students go through the expressions.After that,teacher puts the students in groups of five and gets them to prepare for a few minutes.At the end,teacher asks one or two groups to report their work to the rest of the class.)
A sample dialogue:
Organizer:Now,everybody is here.Who’d like to be the first to make a statement on this project
Dr Wilson:I and my team are working on a cure for AIDS.As you know,the number of people infected with AIDS is keeping increasing at an astonishing speed.Some of them are facing death.As a result,we have to find a way to solve this problem as soon as possible.But,right now,the lack of money is a big problem.If we got enough money,we would complete the first stage of our project in the near future.
Organizer:I see.Dr Jones,how about you
Dr Jones:At present,we are also facing the same problem of lacking money.My research project is about cloning and how to use new technology to cure disease.Today,more and more patients are expecting to get organ transplant in order to prolong their lives.I wish what I am doing could help them.
Organizer:I understand.Dr Smith,could you please give me your opinions on your project
Dr Smith:For humankind on the earth,food is a fundamental factor,and as the population keeps growing,per capitation resourse of people is becoming less and less.My plan is to develop new technology that will make it possible to grow food with very little water. However, currently, the shortage of money prevents my work from further going.I hope you can give me a hand on my project.
Organizer:It sounds a good idea.Dr Winfrey,it’s your turn now.
Dr Winfrey:It’s ceaseless for human beings to explore the universe.That’s why we are urgent to know what the Mars looks like and if there is any life on it.I’m thinking of sending a manned spaceship to Mars.Nevertheless,this huge project will surely cost a large sum of money.And I don’t think we can get to the aim without your support.
Organizer:So,everyone has finished their statements on their own project.Frankly speaking,they all sound tempting to me,but I’m more inclined to the project suggested by Dr Smith.From my point of view,it’s more closely related to the daily life of people and in accord with the actual condition of our country.I’d like to pour money into his project.
Step Ⅴ Summary and Homework
T:In this class,we’ve mainly talked about scientific achievement.Centering on this topic,we did some listening and speaking.This way,we’ve learnt more about science and scientific achievement.Moreover,we’ve learnt some useful expressions to express intentions and wishes,such as “If I got the money,I would…;My plan is to…;…”(Teacher writes them on the blackboard.)After class,try to practise using them and preview the reading part.So much for today.Goodbye,everyone.
Ss:Goodbye,Mr/Ms…
Step Ⅵ The Design of the Writing on the Blackboard
Unit 11 Scientific achievement
The First Period
Ⅰ.Scientific achievement:
electricity,cars,aeroplanes,radio and television,the Internet,cloning,genetic engineering,the Theory of Gravity,nuclear science,solar energy
Ⅱ.How to express intentions and wishes:
If I got the money,I would…
My plan is to…
I hope that…
I want/wish/hope/intend/plan to…
I’d like to…
I’m thinking of…
Step Ⅶ Record after Teaching
教学反思：____________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
The Second Period
Teaching Aims:
1.Learn and master the following words and phrases.
likely,zone,private,grasp,master,perfect,arrange,set foot(in),rely on,failure,locate,valley
2.Train the students’ reading ability.
3.Get the students to learn about Zhongguancun—China’s Silicon Valley.
Teaching Important Points:
1.Learn to use the following:
(1)Phrases:
in store,set foot in(on),rely on,come to life,put forward
(2)Sentence patterns:
It is likely that…
…makes it clear that…
2.Improve the students’ reading ability.
Teaching Difficult Point:
How to help the students understand the reading material exactly.
Teaching Methods:
1.Discussion before reading to make the students interested in what they will read.
2.Fast reading to get a general idea of the text.
3.Careful reading to get the detailed information.
4.Pair or group work to make every student take an active part in class.
Teaching Aids:
1.the multimedia
2.the blackboard
Teaching Procedures:
Step Ⅰ Greetings
Greet the whole class as usual.
Step Ⅱ Revision and Pre-reading
T:Yesterday,we talked about science and scientific achievement.We know scientific achievements can not only make our life better,but also change the world.Science makes the world become a smaller place.Science and scientific achievement promote the development of mankind and society.Is that so
Ss:Yes.
T:However,to achieve success in science research is not easy.It needs to work whole- heartedly.It also needs support and good environment.Now,please look at the questions on the screen and work in pairs or groups to discuss them.Let’s go through them first.
(Teacher shows the following on the screen.)
1.If you wanted to do research or start a company,what kind of support and environment would you need
2.What is it that makes a scientific achievement important
3.Why do scientists spend so much time trying to achieve something
(Teacher and the students go through the questions together.Then the students begin to discuss them for a few minutes.At the end,teacher checks their work briefly.)
T:OK,everyone.Are you ready now
Ss:Yes.
T:Who’d like to talk about the first question briefly Any volunteer
S1:If I wanted to do research or start a company,the support and environment I would need are as follows:1.a proper site;2.enough money;3.support from family and friends;4.modern equipment;5.good working conditions where what I’ve learnt can be fully used.
T:Well done.The second question
S2:The scientific achievement can better serve the society and promote the development of society.
T:Great.The last one
S3:Because scientists expect to realize their own value and make a due contribution to the society.It’s worth spending so much time on great work.
T:Well,you all did a good job.As is known to everyone,science and technology in our country is rapidly developing.And it is also well-known that there is a new centre for Chinese science and technology in Beijing.What is the name of the center
Ss:Zhongguancun.
T:Quite right.Today we’re going to read a passage about it.First,let’s learn the new words.Look at the screen.
(Teacher shows the new words on the screen and deals with them as usual.)
likely /′laIklI/ adj. 可能的；预期的
△economic / / adj. 经济的；经济学的；有实用价值的
zone /z n/ n. 区；区域；地带
△hi-tech /′hａIｔｅｋ/ n.? 高科技；高技术(=high technology)
△private /′ｐｒａIvIt/ adj. 私立的；私人的；非公开的
△technological /,ｔｅｋｎ ′ｌ ｄ Iｋｌ/ adj. 技术（学）的；工艺（学）的
△overseas /, ｖ ′ｓｉ ｚ/ adj. （在）海外的；（在）国外的 adv. 在海外；在国外
grasp / r sp/ vt. 抓住；抓牢；理解
master /′m ｓｔ (r)/ n. 硕士；（男）主人；能手
perfect /′p fIkt/ adj. 完美的；理想的；绝对的
arrange /?′ｒ ｅ ｎｄ / vt. 安排；筹划；整理；布置
set foot(in) 到达；进入；踏上
△IT /aI′ti / abbr.(=information technology) 信息技术；信息产业
△Lenovo /l ′n v / n. 联想公司
△Founder /′fa ｎｄ (r)/ n. 方正公司
rely /rI′laI/ vi. 依靠；依赖；信赖；指望
rely on 依靠；依赖；信赖；指望
failure /′feIlj (r)/ n. 失败；失败的人（事）
locate /l ′ｋｅIｔ/ vt. （常用被动语态）把……设置在；使……坐落于；指出……的位置
△silicon /′sIlIk n/ n. 硅
valley /′v ｌI/ n. 低凹处（尤指波谷）；山谷；溪谷
Step Ⅲ Reading
T:Well,now please open your books at Page 3.Read the passage—Zhongguancun quickly in four minutes and find out the answers to the following two questions:
1.What kind of spirit has made Zhongguancun a success
2.What are the two mottos mentioned in the text for the park
(Teacher writes the two questions above on the blackboard.Four minutes later,teacher checks the answers.)
T:Well.Time is up.Are you ready now
Ss:Yes.
T:Wei Hua,can you answer the first question
S4:Yes.It is the spirit of creativity and scientific skill that has made Zhongguancun a success.
T:Quite right.Hu Yue,try the second question.
S5:One is “Relying on science,technology,and knowledge to increase economic power.”The other is “Encouraging pioneering work and accepting failure.”
T:Well done.Now,please read the passage carefully again.Pay attention to some detailed information.Then work in pairs to finish the first exercise in Post-reading.
(A few minutes later,teacher checks the answers.)
Suggested answers:
1.A B C 2.D 3.C D 4.B 5.C D
T:Well done.You’ve understood it better.However,in order that you can use the language freely and correctly.I’ll explain some phrases and sentences to you.Please look at the screen.
(Teacher shows the following on the screen and explains them to the students.)
1.in store(for sb./sth.):coming in the future;about to happen
e.g.There is a surprise in store for you.
I can see trouble in store.
2.set foot in/on sth.:enter or visit(a place);arrive
e.g.Don’t ever set foot in this house again!
Who was the first man to set foot on the moon.
3.rely on/upon:depend on…
e.g.Nowadays we rely increasingly on computers for help.
You can rely on it that it will rain this week.
4.come to life:back to normal state,esp. of mind
e.g.As soon as the mother came to life,she cried for her daughter.
After three hours’ saving,the injured man came to life.
5.It is likely that…(Note:likely→probable)
e.g. It is very likely that she’ll ring me tonight.
It isn’t likely to rain.
She is very likely to ring me tonight.
6.…make it clear that…
(Note:make→cause…to be or become…)
e.g.She made it clear that she objected to the proposal.
She made clear her objections.
(Bb:in store,set foot in/on,rely on/upon,come to life,It is likely that,…make it clear that…)
Step Ⅳ Listening and Reading Aloud
T:OK.Now,please listen to the tape of the passage,paying attention to the pronunciation and intonation.Then read it aloud by yourselves and try to understand the phrases and sentences learnt just now.See what I mean
Ss:Yes.
(Teacher begins to play the tape.)
Step Ⅴ Summary and Homework
T:In this class,we’ve learned more about Zhongguancun by reading the passage.As a new center of science and technology,it is known to the world.It is said that it is called “China’s Silicon Valley”.Do you know “Silicon Valley” Where is it
Ss:Yes.In the USA.
T:How much do you know about it Any volunteer
S6:It is home to the high-tech industry.Thousands of high technology companies are headquartered there.
T:Yes.After class,use a library or the Internet to find out more about Silicon Valley and then compare the two areas.How are they similar or different Do you see my point
Ss:Yes.
T:Besides,we’ve learnt some useful phrases and sentences.Remember to review the use of them.That’s all for today.See you next time.
Ss:See you next time.
Step Ⅵ The Design of the Writing on the Blackboard
Unit 11 Scientific achievement
The Second Period
Ⅰ.Zhongguancun
1.What kind of spirit has made Zhongguancun a success
2.What are the two mottos mentioned in the text for the park
Ⅱ.Phrases:
in store,set foot in/on,rely on/upon,come to life
Ⅲ.Sentence patterns:
1.It is likely that…
2.…make it clear that…
Step Ⅶ Record after Teaching
The Third Period
Teaching Aims:
1.Learn and master the following words:
brand,luggage,achieve,organ
2.Review the words appearing in the last two periods.
3.Learn about Word Formation.
Teaching Important Points:
1.Learn some words which are closest in meaning.
2.Study the ways of forming a word.
3.Study the meaning of some affixes and stems.
Teaching Difficult Point:
How to help the students master some knowledge of Word Formation.
Teaching Methods:
1.Doing exercises to review the learnt words.
2.Studying and practising to master the ways of forming a word.
3.Pair or group work to make every student take an active part in class.
Teaching Aids:
1.the multimedia
2.the blackboard
Teaching Procedures:
Step Ⅰ Greetings
Greet the whole class as usual.
Step Ⅱ Revision
T:In the last period,we read the passage Zhongguancun and learned much about it.Now,can you tell me something about it Han Fei,you try,please.
S1:Zhongguancun,in Beijing’s Haidian District,is the new centre for Chinese science and technology.The centre itself got started in the early 1980s and was set up as a special economic zone in the late 1990s.Then it quickly became the leader of China’s hi-tech industry.A growing number of overseas have returned to China and grasped the opportunity to develop their ideas at Zhongguancun.Zhongguancun has had a positive effect on business as well as science.Today,there are more than 8 000 hi-tech companies in Zhongguancun,more than half of which are IT companies.What has made Zhongguancun a success is the spirit of creativity and scientific skill.
T:Very good.Thank you.Sit down,please.We all know Zhongguancun is the leader of China’s hi-tech industry as Silicon Valley in the USA.So sometimes it is called China’s Silicon Valley.In the last class,I asked you to use a library or the Internet to find out more about Silicon Valley and then compare the two areas.Now who’d like to tell us how similar or different they are Any volunteer
S2:Both Zhongguancun and Silicon Valley are home to Internet industry as well as hi-tech companies,most of which are founded by students,faculty and staff members from the surrounding universities.However,as a fledgling hi-tech community,Zhongguancun has many differences from Silicon Valley.Silicon Valley has evolved a culture that is tuned to market-driven innovation,while in Zhongguancun,innovation is still largely driven by technology.In addition,investors in Silicon Valley are frequently an integral parts of companies day-to-day operations.While in Zhongguancun,investors has been used only as a source of financing.
T:Nice work.Besides,we learned some new words in the passage.Do you still remember them Let’s do an exercise.Please look at the screen.
(Teacher shows the following on the screen.)
Find the right explanation for each word.
1.zone 2.significant 3.institute 4.achievement 5.announce 6.grasp 7.giant 8.perfect
A.something you have worked hard for and done well
B.to say something in public
C.to take hold of something firmly
D.a group of people who want to study a special thing,or the building used by such a group
E.without any fault or bad points
F.large and important;having a special meaning
G:unusually large person,animal,plant,business organization,etc.
H.area or region with a particular feature or use
T:Find the right explanation for each of the words.I give you two minutes to prepare.Then I’ll check the answers.
Suggested answers:
1.—H 2.—F 3.—D 4.—A 5.—B 6.—C 7.—G 8.—E
Step Ⅲ Word Study
T:Well done.Now,please open your books at Page 5.We’ll deal with Word Study.First,Word Study.Then,Word Formation.Look at the exercise in Word Study now.Choose the answer that is closest in meaning to the underlined part.First,do it by yourself.Then check the answers with your partner.In the end,I’ll collect the right answers.
Suggested answers:
1.A 2.B 3.C 4.B 5.C 6.A 7.B 8.C
Step Ⅳ Word Formation
T:Now,let’s study Word Formation.First,look at the words on the screen.
(Teacher shows the following on the screen.)
international=inter-+national
telephone=tele-+phone
mankind=man+kind
broadband=broad+band
extremely=extreme+-ly
manned=man+-ed
hi-tech=high+technology
e-school=electronic school
IT=information technology
CSA=Chinese Space Agency
T:You are given two minutes to study the words and find out the ways of forming a word.Then I’ll ask some students to explain how they are formed.
(Two minutes later.)
T:Time is up.Are you ready
Ss:Yes.
T:Chen Wei,you try,please.
S:Some of them are formed with prefixes in front of the stems,such as “international” and “telephone”,while some of them are formed with suffixes at the end of the stems,such as “extremely” and “manned”.Both of these two ways of forming a word are called derivation.
(Bb:derivations:international,telephone,extremely,manned)
T:Very good.Sit down,please.Liu Hui,can you have a try
S:OK.“mankind” and “broadband” are compounds,composed of two words,“hi-tech” and “e-school” are short forms of compounds;“IT” and “CSA” are also short forms.
(Bb:compounds:mankind,broadband short forms:hi-tech,e-school,IT,CSA)
T:Well done.Sit down,please.Is everything clear
Ss:Yes.
T:OK.Now,please look at the stems and affixes on the screen.Match each of them with the right meaning on the right.
(Teacher shows the following on the screen.)
trans- carry
-graph see
tele- below
super- life
co- together/with
vis- more than usual
bio- far
sub- across
-port- riting
T:You are given two minutes to prepare.Then I’ll check your answers.
Suggested answers:
trans-=across tele-=far
co-=together/with bio-=life
vis-=see -graph=writing
-port-=carry sub-=below
super-=more than usual
T:Well done.I think you’ve learnt more about Word Formation,including the ways of forming a word and the meanings of some stems and affixes.This will make it easy for you to guess the meaning of words using context clues.Please look at the screen.Let’s do another exercise.
(Teacher shows the following on the screen.)
Use context clues and what you know about word parts to guess the meaning of the underlined words.
1.______ Many countries import most of the oil they use.
2.______He studied biophysics at college.
3.______It is very important to learn how to cooperate with others.
4.______All your luggage will be transported to the destination by train.
5.______My cousin has an excellent voice.Her dream is to become a superstar.
(Teacher asks some students to do it.One student,one sentence.)
Suggested answers:
1.进口 2.生命物理 3.合作 4.运输 5.超级歌星
Step Ⅴ Consolidation
T:OK.Now please open your books at Page 6 and look at Part 4.Read the news article and tell how the words in bold are formed.First,look at the given example to make sure you know how to do it.Then work in pairs to finish it.After a few minutes,I’ll check your answers.See what I mean
Ss:Yes.
Suggested answers:
showcase=show+case
breakthrough=break+through
bioengineering=bio-+engineering
outstanding=out+standing
enable=en-+able
restore=re-+store
indirectly=indirect+-ly
strengthen=strength+-en
Step Ⅵ Summary and Homework
T:Well.Let’s see what we’ve learnt in this class.First,we’ve reviewed the words learnt in the last period.Then,we’ve learnt about Word Formation(1).We’ve learnt some ways of forming a word,such as derivation,compound and short form.This way,we know how to guess new words according to the meanings of the stems and affixes as well as the context clues.After class,please review what we’ve learnt in this class and preview the next part in this unit—Integrating Skills.That’s all for today.See you next time.
Ss:See you next time.
Step Ⅶ The Design of the Writing on theBlackboard
Unit 11 Scientific achievement
The Third Period
Word Formation(1)
Ways of forming a word:
a.derivation:international,telephone,extremely,manned
b.compound:mankind,broadband
c.short form:hi-tech,e-school,IT,CSA
Step Ⅷ Record after Teaching
The Fourth Period
Teaching Aims:
1.Learn and master the following words and phrases:
boom,put forward,breakthrough,agency,announce,evolution,supercomputer
2.Train the students’ integrating skills,especially reading and writing skills.
Teaching Important Points:
1.Help the students understand the passages exactly and master the following words and phrases:put forward,aim at,announce,map out
2.Learn to write a persuasion essay to train the students’ writing ability.
Teaching Difficult Point:
How to help the students finish the task of writing.
Teaching Methods:
1.Fast and then careful reading to improve the students’ reading ability.
2.Learning tips to help the students learn to write a persuasion essay.
3.Individual,pair or group work to make the students finish each task.
Teaching Aids:
1.the multimedia
2.the blackboard
Teaching Procedures:
Step Ⅰ Greetings
Greet the whole class as usual.
Step Ⅱ Revision and Lead-in
T:Yesterday,we learned a lot about Word Formation.We know some words are derivatives,some are compounds,and others are short forms.Can you give me some examples for each way of forming a word Give a few derivations,please
S1:unhappy,happiness,happily,friendship…
T:Some compounds
S2:blackboard,firefighter,hard-working,handbag…
T:Some short forms
S3:e-book,e-mail,UFO,DNA,WTO,OPEC…
T:You all did a good job.Now,please look at the screen and do the exercise.Three minutes later,I’ll check your answers.
(Show the following on the screen.)
Study the sentences and guess the meaning of each underlined word.Explain how the word is formed.
1.The average output of the factory is 20 cars a day.
2.She has written good essays before,but this one is substandard.
3.He is a kind of intellectual superman.
4.The lack of a common language made it very difficult to intercommunicate (with each other).
5.Transplant the seedlings into peaty soil.
6.Have you read an e-book
7.When did China join the WTO
8.They helped us to map out a long-term plan.
Suggested answers:
1.output=out+put 产量
2.substandard=sub-+standard 低于标准的，不够标准的
3.superman=super-+man 超人
4.intercommunicate=inter-+communicate 互相联系
5.transplant=trans-+plant 移植
6.e-book=electronic+book 电子图书
7.WTO=World Trade Organization 世贸组织
8.long-term=long+term 长期的
T:Well done.In this unit,we’ve learned much about science and scientific achievement.Can you give an example of scientific achievement of China
Ss:On Oct.15,2003,Shenzhou Ⅴ was successfully sent up into space,realizing the Chinese dream of manned space flight.
T:Yes.It’s really a significant science achievement.Since the early 1990s,China has been enjoying a boom in scientific and technological development.In many fields,China has achieved great success.Today,we’ve going to read about some scientific achievements in China.First,let’s learn the new words.
(Teacher shows the screen and deals with the new words.)
boom /bu：m/ n. （经济、工商业等的）繁荣（期），迅速发展期；（营业等的）激增
put forward 提出；建议；推荐
△rejuvenate /rI′d ｕ：ｖ ｎｅIｔ/ vt. 使返老还童；使恢复（青春）活力
breakthrough /′breIk， ｒｕ：/ n. （知识或技术领域的）重大突破；重大进展（发现）；（军事上的）突围
△impressive /Im′presIv/ adj. 激动人心的；感人的；给人深刻印象的
agency /′eId ｎｓI/ n.（行政或职能）机构；代理机构
announce / ′na ns/ vt. 宣布，宣告
△genome /′d i：n m/ n. 基因组；染色体组
△element /′elIm nt/ n. 元素；要素；组成部分
evolution /?ｉ：ｖ ′ｌｕ：ｎ/ n. 发展；展开
△byte /baIt/ n.? ［计］字节；比特
supercomputer /,sju ｐ ｋ ｍ′ｐｊｕ ｔ (r)/ n.? 超级计算机
△humanoid /′hju ｍ ｎ Id/ adj. 具有人的形状或特点的；类人的
Step Ⅲ Reading
T:OK.Now please open your books at Page 7.Look at Reading and Writing.Read each passage quickly and find out the answers to the following two questions on the screen.
(Teacher shows the following on the screen.)
1.What plan has helped Chinese scientists make many breakthroughs
2.Which scientific fields are mentioned in the text
(After a while,teacher checks the answers.)
T:Have you found the answers
Ss:Yes.
T:Who’d like to answer the first question
S4:The plan for “rejuvenating the nation by relying on science and education”.
T:Quite right.The other question
S5:Exploring space,genetic research,computer engineering and medical science.
(Teacher writes the answers above on the blackboard.)
T:Nice work.Now,please read the passages again carefully,trying to understand them more exactly and pay attention to some detailed information.After that,work in groups to complete the chart after the passages according to what you’ve learnt from the text.After four minutes,I’ll check your answers.
Suggested answers:
Exploring space
Achievements:The Chinese space Agency has developed the highly successful Long March rocket series.
Importance:The rockets are used to prepare for the nation’s first manned space flight.
Genetic research
Achievements:Chinese scientists have completed mapping out their part of the international human genetic project.
Importance:It has proved that Chinese scientists are among the world’s best.It helps to solve the mysteries of life.
Computer engineering
Achievements:Chinese computer engineers have developed the supercomputer Shenwei.
Importance:The nation’s first humanoid robot has been built.
Medical science
Achievements:Scientists have been able to create a chemical element that can fight cancer cells.
Importance:The breakthrough makes the cure of deadly disease possible.
(After that,teacher deals with the language points.)
T:Nice work.I think you must have understood the text very well.Now,let’s learn some useful words and expressions.Please look at the screen.
(Teacher shows the following on the screen and gives brief explanations to make sure the students understand how to use them correctly.)
1.put forward:advance,propose or suggest sth. for discussion
e.g.He is putting forward radical proposals for electoral reform.
2.aim at:intend or try to do sth.
e.g.We must aim at increasing exports.
3.announce:make(sth.) known publicly
e.g.They announced their engagement to the family.
Have they announced when the race will begin
4.map out:present sth. in detail
e.g.He mapped out his ideas on the news project.
(Bb:put forward,aim at,announce,map out)
Step Ⅳ Listening and Reading Aloud
T:Now,I’ll play the tape for you to listen.The first time,listen and follow.The second time,listen and repeat.Is that clear
Ss:Yes.
(Teacher begins to play the tape.)
Step Ⅴ Writing
T:Well,up to now,we’ve read a lot about scientific achievements.Which words in the text can we use to describe scientific achievements Prepare for a few minutes.Then I’ll collect them from you.
Suggested words:
significant,outstanding,breakthrough…
(Then teacher deals with Writing.)
T:Very good.Now,please look at the Writing part.You’ve been asked by the magazine Modern Science to help them choose the greatest scientific achievement ever.Write a short essay,telling them which achievement you have chosen and explaining why you think that it is the most important.Are you clear about what to do now
Ss:Yes.
T:In order that you can write your essay better.You’d better read and study the tips at Page 8 carefully before writing your essay.You can begin now.If time permits,I’ll ask some students to read their essay to the rest of the class.A sample essay:
The publication of the detailed structure of 99% of the human genome is the culmination of one of the largest scientific undertakings in history.Initiated in 1990,the Human Genome Project involved the cooperative work of hundreds of scientists in 20 sequencing centres in countries including China,France,Germany,Great Britain,Japan and the United States.
The achievement is important.Not only has it given a glimpse into the extraordinary complexity of the structure of human DNA but it has also demonstrated the huge potential of cooperative scientific endeavour organized on an international basis.
Moreover,the project’s completion has already produced medical breakthrough,scientists assert that the achievement can assist research into cancers such as leukemia,and may also extend far beyond to the other deadly diseases.
Step Ⅵ Summary and Homework
T:Now let’s see what we’ve learnt in this class.First,we’ve read about some China’s significant achievements in science and technology.We know Chinese history is filled with great achievements,not only in the past,but also today.Science and technology makes a country richer and stronger.Science and technology also makes society develop and progress.Do you think so
Ss:Yes.
T:Second,we’ve practised writing a persuasion essay.We can use some words to describe scientific achievement.Moreover,we’ve learnt some useful words and phrases such as put forward,announce…After class,please practise more to develop your ability to use English.So much for today.Goodbye.
Ss:Goodbye.
Step Ⅶ The Design of the Writing on the Blackboard
Unit 11 Scientific achievement
The Fourth Period
Ⅰ.Areas
exploring space
genetic research
computer engineering
medical science
Ⅱ.Words and phrases:
put forward
aim at
announce
map out
Step Ⅷ Record after Teaching
Reference for Teaching
Ⅰ.异域风情
Cars and the United States
Cars are an important part of life in the United States.Without a car most people feel that they are poor.And even if a person is poor,he doesn’t feel really poor when he has a car.
Henry Ford was the man who first started making cars in large numbers.He probably didn’t know how much the car was going to affect American culture.The car made the United States a nation on wheels.And it helped make the United States what it is today.
There are three main reasons that the car became so popular in the United States.First of all,the country is a huge one and Americans like to move around in it.The car provides the most comfortable and cheapest form of transportation.With a car people can go anyplace without spending a lot of money.
The second reason that cars are popular is the fact that the United States never really developed an efficient and inexpensive form of public transportation.Long-distance trains have never been as common in the United States as they are in other parts of the world.Nowadays there is a good system of air-service provided by planes.But it is too expensive to be used frequently.
The third reason is the most important one.The American spirit of independence is what really made cars popular.Americans don’t like to wait for a bus,or a train or even a plane.They don’t like to have to follow an exact schedule.A car gives them the freedom to schedule their own time.And this is the freedom that Americans want most to have.
The gas shortage has caused a big problem for Americans.But the answer will not be a bigger system of public transportation.The real solution will have to be a new kind of car,one that does not use so much gas.
Ⅱ.知识归纳
1.英文中表达“意愿和希望”情况归纳
在英语中，人们在日常交往活动时，都要表达意愿和希望，可用下列的常用结构：
(1)I’m going to…（表示“我计划、打算……”，事先有考虑）
Are you going to…？（询问“你的打算是什么”）如：
I’m going to see a film.
我打算去看电影。
Are you going to leave for Beijing
你打算动身去北京吗？
（2）I will…(我将要……)
What will you…？（表示“你的意愿是做什么”）如：
I will write a letter to a friend in Beijing.
我要给我北京的朋友写封信。
What will you do at the weekend
周末你要做什么？
（3）I intend/mean/plan to…(表示“我打算/计划……”)
Do you intend/mean/plan to…？（询问“你打算/想要……”）如：
I plan to travel in Europe this summer.
今年夏天我计划到欧洲旅游。
I mean to wait for the next bus.
我打算等下一辆公共汽车。
Do you intend to take the driving license test this year
你打算参加今年的驾驶执照考试吗？
Do you mean to put off the appointment
你想要推迟这次约会吗？
（4）I’d like to…/I feel like…/I’m ready to…(强调“我想要/乐意……”)如：
I’d like to stay at home doing my homework.
我想呆在家里做作业。
I feel like going out for a walk.
我想出去散散步。
I’m ready to visit my uncle.
我准备去看望我叔叔。
（5）I want to…(表示意愿和欲望，语气较强烈)
I hope to…(表示希望做某事，语气较委婉)
I wish to…(表示不能达到的愿望，也指愿意做某事)
Do you hope to… (询问“你希望……”)
What do you wish to… (询问“你希望……”)如：
I want to go to college.
我想上大学。
I hope to be a teacher.
我希望当一个教师。
I wish to see you.
我想见你。
Do you hope to stay and work in Shanghai after graduation
你毕业后希望留在上海工作吗？
What do you wish to do after you come back from Canada
你从加拿大归国后希望干点什么？
（6）I would rather not…（我宁愿不……）表示当别人邀请你做某事而你又不太愿意时，语气较委婉；I don’t feel like…(我不想……)表示当别人邀请你做某事而你又不太愿意时，语气较委婉。如：
I would rather not tell you.
我宁愿不告诉你。
I don’t feel like going swimming today.
我今天不想去游泳。
（7）I hope that…（表示希望实现的可能性大）I wish that…(表示希望实现的可能性很小)如：
I hope that you will visit China next year.
我希望你明年访问中国。
I wish that I knew the latest news.
但愿我知道最新消息。
（8）类似的表示意愿和希望的常用句型还有
I’ve dreamed of…(我渴望……)
I’ve been looking forward to…(我一直盼望……)
I’m thinking of…(我正在考虑……)
I’ve decided to…(我已决定……)
I will be glad to…(我乐意……)
I’m considering…(我在考虑……)
Have you decided to… (你已决定……？)
I would rather…(我宁愿……)
I think I will…(我想我会……)
I haven’t made up my mind whether to…(我还没决定是否……)
2.电子邮件中的缩略语
(1)AFAIK as far as I know 据我所知
(2)ASAP as soon as possible 尽早地
(3)BTW by the way 顺便问一下
(4)BRB be right back 马上回来
(5)DIY do it yourself 自己动手做
(6)DL download 下载
(7)FAQ frequently asked questions 常见问题
(8)FTF face to face 面对面
(9)IC I see 我明白
(10)ICQ I see you 网上寻呼机（我找你）
(11)L&R later 后来
(12)IOW in other words 换句话说
(13)MOF male or female 男士或女士
(14)OTOH on the other hand 另一方面
(15)POV point of view 观点
(16)RUOK Are you OK 你好吗？
(17)THX thanks 多谢
(18)TTBOMK to the best of my knowledge 据我所知
(19)TTUL talk to you later 回头再谈
(20)UL upload 上传
3.动词“get+及物动词的过去分词”常见形式归纳
这种形式中，get已失去原有词汇的意义，而接近于助动词be的功能。但同“be+及物动词的过去分词”相比，它更强调动作的结果，体现动作性，含有被动之意。常用的有：
get burnt 被烧/烫伤
get broken 破碎了
get hurt 受伤了
get lost 迷路
get damaged 遭到破坏
get paid 拿工资
get drunk 喝醉
get married 结婚
get killed 被杀死
get drowned 被淹死
get painted 油漆，粉刷
get caught in the rain 被雨淋湿
get caught on a nail 被钉子挂住
Ⅲ.词语辨析
1.possible,probable,likely adj. 可能的
(1)possible强调客观上潜在的可能性，但也常常暗示“实际上希望很小”。
e.g.He is a possible choice.
他是一个可以考虑的人选。（根据客观情况，而非说话者臆断）
possible (反义词 impossible)作表语时，前面通常不能用表示人的名词或代词作主语，常用句式为：
It is possible for sb. to do sth.
It is possible that-clause.
e.g.He is possible to finish the work.(×)
It is possible for him to finish the work.(√)
(2)probable主要用来指有根据、合情理、值得相信的事物，带有“大概，很可能……”的意味，语气较possible强。
e.g.It was probable that Tom told his father all about the matter.
汤姆可能把这事的全部经过告诉了他父亲。（有几分根据的推测）
probable(反义词improbable)作表语时，通常也不能用表示人的名词或代词作主语，常用句式为：
It is probable that-clause.
sth. be probable.
不能用It is probable for sb. to do sth.的结构。
e.g.It is probable that the winner will get a prize.(√)
It is probable for the winner to get a prize.(×)
Colder weather is probable.
(3)likely表示有充分根据的推测，侧重从表面看，某事很可能发生，与probable意思较近。有时两者可以通用，含义区别不大。如：
It is likely/probable that we shall meet with some opposition.
我们多半会遇到一些阻力的。
但likely暗示从表面迹象判断，某事可能发生或可能是真的，而probable则意味着经过权衡正反两方面的理由后，相信某事是真实的，或大概会发生。
e.g.This looks a likely field for mushrooms.
这里看起来适合长蘑菇。
The probable winner is Tom,not Jack.
有希望取胜的是汤姆，而不是杰克。（意即一方实力显然优于另一方）
当likely表示“有可能成功”的意思时，不能用probable代替。
e.g.What is the most likely time to find him at home
什么时候最有可能在家找到他？
likely(反义词为unlikely)前面可以用表示人的名词或代词作主语，也可以用表示物的名词或代词作主语。但非人称代词it作形式主语时，不能用于“it is likely for sb. to do sth.”句式，此时它与probable一样，后面接that从句。
It be likely that-clause.
e.g.不能说It is likely for him to come.
应说He is likely to come.
or:It is likely that he will come.
2.luggage,baggage
两词都可表示“行李”，都是不可数名词。
luggage是英国英语，baggage是美国英语，表示随身携带的各种行李的总称。询问有多少行李时用how much。
e.g.How much baggage/luggage do you have
指多少件行李用a piece of 或an article of。
e.g.He had three pieces/articles of luggage(baggage).
他带了三件行李。
3.catch,grasp,seize,snatch
（1）catch的普通用法有“设法抓住、捉住”的意思。
e.g.I caught him by the ear.
我揪住了他的耳朵。
The police caught the thief as he ran.
小偷逃跑时被警察抓住了。
(2)grasp表示“牢牢地抓住”。
e.g.Tom grasped his gun and rushed out.
汤姆抓起枪就冲了出去。
She grasped the rope tightly with her hands.
她双手紧紧地抓住绳子。
(3)seize指“突然用力抓住使之不便逃脱”。
e.g.The policeman seized the thief by the sleeve.
警察抓住了小偷的袖子。
He seized the gun from the enemy soldier.
他从敌兵手中夺过了枪。
(4)snatch表示迅速的拉扯动作，出其不意地“抓取”。
e.g.The thief snatched her handbag and ran off.
小偷抢走了她的小提包就跑了。
He snatched the letter from me.
他从我手中抢走了信。
Ⅳ.能力训练
1.单句改错
(1)He’s in the wool businesses.
答案：将businesses改为business。business表示“生意，商业，行业”等时，为不可数名词。
(2)She’s treated now;she should be back to normal health in a few weeks.
答案：将treated改为cured。cure和treat都含“医治”之意，但cure有“治疗，痊愈”之意，侧重于结果，而treat含“治疗，处理”之意，侧重于动作。
(3)Their whole life was a constant battle for poverty.
答案：把for改为against。for后面所接宾语应该是斗争的目的，against后所接宾语应该是斗争的对象。
(4)Do you think that impossible for us to go there by water
答案：把that改为it。代替不定式或从句在句中作形式宾语时，应该用it而不能用that。
(5)Half us are on the night shift.
答案：在Half后加of。在人称代词前，要用half of这个结构。
2.翻译填空
(1)老师的言行对学生有很大的影响。
Teachers’ words and deeds ______ ______ ______ ______ ______ their students.
答案：have a great effect on
(2)我的朋友并不个个都吸烟。
______ ______ my friends smoke.
答案：Not all
(3)这个印刷错误造成很大的混淆。
This misprint ______ ______ great confusion.
答案：let to
(4)很可能他会成功。
It ______ ______ ______ that he will succeed.
答案：is highly likely
(5)这有如梦想变成了现实。
It’s like a dream ______ ______.
答案：come true
Ⅳ.高考真题
1.(2003全国)Don’t be afraid of asking for help ______ it is needed.
A.unless
B.since
C.although
D.when
简析：选D。此处的具体语境是向对方提出要求，后一句应该是表达出“凡是需要时”之意，故D项为最佳答案。
2.(2003上海)One of the consequences of our planet’s being warming up is a(n) ______ in the numbers of natural disasters.
A.result
B.account
C.reason
D.increase
简析：选D。result “结果”；account “理由”；reason “理由，原因”；increase “增长”。根据句意可知，D项为最佳答案。
3.(2004全国)Sarah,hurry up.I’m afraid you won’t have time to ______ before the party.
A.get changed
B.get change
C.get changing
D.get to change
简析：选A。get后接过去分词表示状态的改变。
4.(2004全国)—The window is dirty.
—I know.It ______ for weeks.
A.hasn’t cleaned
B.didn’t clean
C.wasn’t cleaned
D.hasn’t been cleaned
简析：选D。根据时间状语for weeks可确定用现在完成时，表示“已经有好几周没擦窗户了”。
5.(2004全国)—What’s that terrible noise
—The neighbors ______ for a party.
A.have prepared
B.are preparing
C.prepare
D.will prepare
简析：选B。用现在进行时表示“正在准备”，其他三项均不符合语境。
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兴隆中学 个人教案