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高中三年级英语学案
Units 7-8 (B3)
【知识网络】
一、重点词汇与短语
1．admit vt.承认；准许……进入（使用）vi.容许；承认
admit sb.(sth.)into/to sth.允许某人（物）进入
sb. be admitted to school (hospital)接受某人入学（院）
admit sth./doing sth./that clause承认……
2．occupy vt.使忙碌；使从事；占有
The table is already occupied.
The company occupies the entire building.
He is occupied in repairing farm tools.
be occupied in doing sth./with sth=be busy doing sth./with sth.
occupy oneself in doing sth./with sth.忙于（做某事）
3． anyway adv.无论如何；即使如此
I’m going anyway, no matter what you say.
It’s too late now, anyway(anyhow).
Anyway (Anyhow), you can try, even if there’s not much chance of success.
4． stick vt.使停止；阻塞；刺；伸出；粘贴
He stuck his fork into a big piece of meat.
Don’t stick your head out of the window of the car.
A nail stuck in the tyre of my car.
Our car got stuck in the mud.
stick to坚持stick out伸出……stick on贴住
5．acquire vt.学到；获得acquisition n.获得；得到
The company has acquired shares in a rival business.
She acquired an American accent while living in New York.
acquire a habit of smoking养成抽烟的习惯
acpuire a bad reputation得到坏的名声
6． instruct vt.教；指导；指示
instruct sb. in sth.教导某人某事
instruct sb. to do sth.命令某人干某事
follow the instruction遵从指示
I am instructed to inform you that the minister is not willing to make a statement.
7． take a risk/take risks冒险
We ought not to take risks.
You are taking a big risk driving so fast.
at risk处于危险之中；at the risk of冒……的危险
8． fall behind落后于；拖欠
The illness caused him to fall behind the rest of the class.
He always falls behind when we’re going uphill.
Make sure not to fall behind with your rent, please.
二、词义辨析
1． wage, income, pay, salary, wages辨析
income:收入、收益、进款（统称）；
pay:薪水，工资；最普通用语，特指海陆军人及其他在政府部门工作的人的薪水；
salary:薪水；指从事脑力劳动的劳动者，如事务员、记者、教师、牧师等的薪水；
wages:(复)工资；指劳动者的工资，通常指给予短期工作者的报酬；
fee:手续费，薪金；指付给律师、医师或其他专业人员的酬金、学费等。
2． wealthy, rich与well off
wealthy富的；一般指财势上的“富裕”，常指拥有大量财产的人，有时也指拥有其他东西，此时与rich通用；rich丰富的，富有的，可指钱财，也可指物质上、精神上的其他东西，主语可以是人，也可以是物；well off富裕的；指人的富裕，但程度不如wealthy，通常指“小康的富足”。
三、重点句型
1．It’s twice the size of Tiny Tim.
它是Tiny Tim的两倍大。
倍数表达法，参见前面units 5－6内容。
2．Much good may it do you！
愿圣诞赐福于你！
本句是一倒装句型，it指圣诞节。May用来表示愿望。祝愿、祈求等，通常用倒装句表达。
如：
May you all be happy! 愿你们都快乐幸福。
May you succeed! 祝你成功！
Long live China! 中国万岁！
3．We’ll toast to the New Year with a glass of bisho wine.
让我们一起喝一杯加香料的果子酒，以贺新年。
toast to 祝酒，干杯。如：
Ladies and gentlemen, I’d like to propose a toast to the bride and groom.
女士们，先生们，我提议为新娘和新郎干杯。
4．It takes patience to learn a language.
学习语言需要耐心
take在此处相当于ask for, require 等，常用作It takes…to do sth .
四、语法复习
1．状语
（一）状语的定义
修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子，说明动作或状态特征的句子成分，叫做状语。
（二）状语的表现形式
（1）副词及副词性词组
Light travels most quickly.光传播得最快。
Factories and buildings are seen here and there.到处都能见到工厂和建筑物。
（2）介词短语
He has lived in the city for ten years.他在那座城市住了10年了。
In spite of the difficulties, we went on with our work.尽管有困难，但是我们仍继续工作。
（3）不定式（短语）
He is proud to have passed the national college entrance examination.他因通过高考而感到自豪。
The box is too heavy for me to lift.这个箱子太重，我抬不起。
（4）分词（短语）
He is in the room making a model plane.他在房间里做一架飞机模型。
Not knowing what to do, he decided to ask the teacher for advice.他不知道怎么办好，就去问老师。
Encouraged by the teacher, I made up my mind to learn English well.在老师的鼓励下，我决心把英语学好。
（5）名词（短语）
Wait a minute.等一下。
Would you please come this way 请这边走。
I go to school every day.我每天去上学。
（6）从句
Once you begin, you must continue.一旦开始，你就得继续下去。
It is very difficult to live where there is little water.在没有多少水的地方，生活是十分艰难的。
I must work harder in order that I may catch up with the others.为了赶上其他人，我必须更努力学习。
（三）状语的种类
状语按照内容可以分为时间、地点、原因、目的、结果、条件、让步、方式、程度伴随情况等。
（1）时间状语
How about meeting again at six 六点再见面怎样？
When it rains, I usually go to school by bus.下雨天，我通常乘公共汽车去上学。
（2）原因状语
Last night she didn’t go to the dance party because of the rain.由于下雨，她昨晚没有去参加舞会。
Since you are very busy, I won’t trouble you.既然你很忙，我就不打扰你了。
（3）条件状语
I shall go there if it doesn’t rain.如果不下雨，我将到那里去。
As (So) long as you work hard, you can make rapid progress in English.只要你努力，你就可以在英语方面取得很快的进步。
（4）地点状语
Mr. Smith lives on the third floor.史密斯先生住在3楼。
Where there is water, there is life.有水的地方，就有生命。
（5）方式状语
She put the eggs into the basket with great care.她小心地把鸡蛋放在蓝子里。
He has greatly improved his spoken English by this means.他用这种方式极大地改善了他的英语口语。
（6）伴随状语
She came in with a dictionary in her hand.她进来时手拿着一本字典。
The teacher came in, followed by a group of students.老师走了进来，后面跟着一群学生。
（7）目的状语
In order to catch up with the others, I must work harder.为了赶上其他人，我必须更努力学习。
I went there to see a friend of mine.我去那里看我的一个朋友。
Bring it close so that I may see it better.把它拿近些，以便我看得更清楚些。
（8）结果状语
He was so tired that he fell asleep immediately.他累极了，立刻就睡着了。
He is so good a teacher that the students love respect him.他是一位很好的老师，学生们都敬爱他。
（9）让步状语
She works very hard though she is old.虽然她年纪大了，但她仍然十分努力工作。
No matter when you come, you are warmly welcome.不管你什么时候来，都欢迎。
（10）程度状语
They were greatly moved to hear the hero’s story.听了英雄的故事，他们深受感动。
I quite agree with you.我完全同意你的意见。
（11）比较状语
I am taller than he is.我比他高。
The more I speak English, the better I ll be.我越多讲英语，就讲得越好。
注：副词修饰动词时放在行为动词之后或动词的宾语之后，修饰形容词或副词时放在被修饰词之前。
如：
They study hard.他们学习努力。（修饰动词）
He was very sad.他非常伤心。（修饰形容词）
She speaks English quite well.她英语讲得很好。（修饰副词）
We go to school on foot.我们步行上学。（介词短语，修饰动词）
（四）状语的位置
英语中状语的位置比较灵活。影响状语位置的因素很多，如强调的程度、句子的平衡及状语本身的长短等都可以影响状语的位置。
（1）修饰谓语的状语通常放在谓语（及宾语）之后。
He walked very quickly.他走得很快。
I saw him the other day.几天前我见过他。
The match was put off because of rain.比赛因下雨而推迟。
（2）修饰谓语动词的状语有时不止一个，主要归纳为下面几种情况。
①如果有多个时间状语或地点状语，我们一般把单位小的放在单位大的前面，这和汉语的次序正好相反。
如：
We are going to meet him at the airport at two o’clock this afternoon.我们将于今天下午两点到机场迎接他。
②如果句中既有时间状语，又有地点状语，则地点状语通常放在时间状语之前。
如：
I ll meet you at the theatre at six?thirty.我六点半在剧院跟你见面。
I studied English at the university for five years.我在这所大学学了5年英语。
③方式状语的位置一般放在时间、地点状语之前；如果地点状语较短，则放在地点状语之后。
如：
The lady sat down and ate greedily before others.那女子坐下，然后在众人面前狼吞虎咽地吃了起来。
Susan got there on foot yesterday.苏姗昨天步行到那里。
（3）表示频度的副词像offten, usually, always, sometimes, seldom, never, ever, rarely, generally, constantly等，通常要放在主动词的前面；如果谓语部分含有情态助动词、基本助动词或动词be，就要放在这些动词之后。
如：
He is always busy.他总是很忙。
I usually go to work at eight in the morning.我通常上午8点上班。
We often meet at the bus station.我们常常在公共汽车站碰面。
I shall never forget that day.我永远不会忘记那一天。
（4）不定式短语作目的状语，通常放在句末，有时为了强调也可放在句首；不定式短语作结果状语则通常放在动词后面，
如：
Most countries use these satellites to send and receive messages.大多数国家利用这些卫星发送和接收消息。
The Englishman will move back in order to keep a certain distance away.英国人则会后退，以保持一定的距离。
To make this news certain, he carried out a thorough investigation after the meeting.为了证实这一消息，他会后进行了彻底的调查。
Two years later, her father disappeared, never to be heard from again.两年之后，她父亲失踪了，再也没听到他的音信。
（5）?ing分词短语作方式、伴随状语常放在被修饰的动词之后；作时间、原因状语等常放在句首；作结果、目的状语常位于句末。
如：
They are now at breakfast, talking about the plan for their trip.他们正在吃早餐，谈论着旅行计划。
In Arab countries, you eat using the fingers of your right hand.在阿拉伯国家，人们用右手手指吃饭。
Having been separated from other continents for millions of years, Australia has many plants and animals not found anywhere else in the world.由于与别的大陆已分离了几百万年，澳大利亚有许多动植物是世界其他地方所没有的。
The fish can eat a person in two minutes, leaving only the bones.这种鱼两分钟内就可以把一个人吃掉，只剩下骨头。
2．虚拟语气（Ⅰ）
（一）语气的定义和种类
（1）语气的定义
语气是动词的一种形式，它表示说话人对某一行为或事情的看法和态度。
（2）语气的种类
①陈述语气
表示动作或状态是现实的、确定的或符合事实的，用于陈述句、疑问句和某些感叹句。
如：
We are not ready.我们没准备好。
Did it rain all day yesterday 昨天下了一天雨吗？
What a fine day it is!多好的天气啊!
②祈使语气
表示说话人的建议、请求、邀请、命令等。
如：
Be careful!小心!
Don’t forget to close the window.别忘了关窗。
Open the door, please.请打开门。
③虚拟语气
表示动作或状态不是客观存在的事实，而是说话人的主观愿望、假设或推测等。
如：
I were you, I should study English.如果我是你，我就学英语了。
I wish you could go with me.但愿你能同我们一起去。
May you succeed!祝您成功!
（二）虚拟语气在条件从句中的用法
条件句有两类，一类是真实条件句，一类是虚拟条件句。如果假设的情况是有可能发生的，就是真实条件句。在这种真实条件句中的谓语用陈述语气。如：If it doesn t rain tomorrow, we will go to the park.如果明天不下雨，我们就去公园。
如果假设的情况是过去或现在都不存在的，或将来不大可能发生的，则是虚拟条件句。
如：
If he had seen you yesterday, he would have asked you about it.如果他昨天见到你，他会问你这件事的。（事实上他昨天没见到你，因此也未能问你这件事。）在含有虚拟条件句的复合句中，主句和从句的谓语都要用虚拟语气。
（1）表示与现在事实相反的假设和结果
If I were you, I should (would, could, might) tell him the truth.
要是我是你，我就会（可能）对他说实话。
If he had time, he would (could, might) go with you.如果他有时间，他就会（可能）和你去。
If my brother were here, everything would be all right.要是我哥哥在这儿，一切都没问题了。
（2）表示与过去事实相反的假设和结果
If you had taken my advice, you wouldn’t (couldn’t) have failed in the exam.
如果你按照我的建议去做，你一定不会（不可能考试不及格）。
If I had had the money last week, I should (would, could, might) have bought a car.
如果上星期有了这笔钱，我就会（可能）买1辆车。
She would(could,might) have telephoned you immediately, if she had won the game.
如果她比赛赢了，她就会(可能)给你打电话。
If you had come a few minutes earlier,you would(could,might) have met the famous singer.
如果你早来几分钟的话，你就会(可能会)见到那个著名的歌唱家。
(3)表示与将来事实可能相反的假设和结果
If it were Sunday tomorrow, I should (would, could, might) go to see my grandmother.
如果明天是星期天，我就(可能)去看望我奶奶。
If it were to snow this evening,they would not go out.如果今晚下雪，他们将不出去了。
If it should rain, the crops would(could, might) be saved.
假如天下雨，庄稼就一定(有可能)得救。
（4）主、从句的动作发生时间不一致的情况
有时条件从句中的动作和主句中的动作发生的时间不一致，这时动词的形式要根据它所表示的时间加以调整。
If you had listened to the doctor,you would be all right now.如果你当初听了医生的话，身体现在就好了。(从句动作指过去，主句动作指现在)
If you had practised speaking English more, you would be able to speak it fluently.
如果你多练习讲英语，现在就能讲得很流利了。
①省略连词if
在书面语中，如果虚拟条件从句中有were，had或should，可以把if省略，而把这几个 词放到主语之前，构成主谓倒装。如：
Should he come(If he should come), tell him to ring me up.
他要是来了，让他给我打个电话。
Were I you(If I were you),I would not do it.我要是你，就不做这事。
Had he been more careful(If he had been more careful), such mistakes could have been avoided.如果他细心些，这些错误本来是可以避免的。
在虚拟条件句中，省略连词的倒装形式，其句首不能用助动词的缩略否定式。如我们可以说：
Were it not for the expense, I would go to Paris. 但不能说： Weren’t it for the expense,I would go to Paris.
②用介词短语代替条件状语从句
有时假设的情况并不用条件从句表示出来，而是通过介词短语来表示。
如：
Without air(If there were no air), there would be no living things.
如果没有空气的话，就不会有生物了。
But for your help(If it hadn’t been for your help)I couldn t have done it.
要是没有你的帮助，我就不可能完成这件事。
假设的情况有时可以通过上下文或其他方式表现出来。如：
I was busy that day. Otherwise I would have gone there with them. (If I hadn’t been busy that day, I would have gone there with them. )我那天很忙，否则，我就和他们一起去那儿了。(如果我那天不忙的话，我就……)
I would have finished the work, but I have been ill.(If I hadn’t been ill, I would have finished the work.)我本来该完成这项工作的，但我生病了。（如果我没生病的话，我就会完成……）
（5）省去条件从句或主句
表示虚拟敢的主名或从句有时可以省略，但其含义仍可以推知。
①省去条件从句
You could have washed your clothes yourself.你本可以自己洗衣服的。（省去了“If you had wanted to”）（事实是：你自己没洗衣服，因为你不想洗。）
②省去主句（常用以表示愿望）
If my grandmother were with me!如果我的祖母与我在一起多好啊！（事实是：祖母已不在世。）
If only she had not left!如果她没走就好了!（事实是：她已经走了。）
If only the wind would stop!风要是停了该多好!（事实是：风停的可能性很小。）
【考点透视 考例精析】
[考例1] I couldn’t do my homework with all that noise ______.
A．going on B．goes on C．went on D．to go on
[解析] A 本题考查with+宾语+宾语补足语构成的复合结构，区分非谓语动词作宾补的区别，准确把握句子结构是解题关键，B不符语法，C表已做，D表还未做，A表正进行。
[考例2] ----Will $200 _________
----I’m afraid not. We need at least 50 more dollars.
A．count B． satisfy C．fit D．do
[解析] D 本题考查动词词义辨析。count数数，satisfy使满足，fit合适，do意为“可行，行”。故选择do。
[考例3] Jasmine was holidaying with her family in a wildlife park _______ she was bitten on the leg by a lion.
A．when B．while C．since D．once
[解析] A 本题考查连词用法，稍加分析题干便知，主句动作与从句动作哪个在先，最后不难判断应该选when，相当于at that time,“这时”或“就在这里”。
[考例4] In dealing with public relations, we should make every effort to prevent the ______ in personality.
A．contact B．contrast C．connection D．conflict
[解析] D 本题考查词义辨析。contact接触，联系，交际，交往；contrast对比，对照；connection联系，关系；conflict争论，冲突，抵触，斗争。根据题意应选D项。
【基础演练】
一、据首字母（汉语提示）填词，完成句子。
1．He set high ____ __(规范) of behavior for his pupils.
2．We should have a good ____ __(问心无愧).
3．The teahcer c___ ___ his hands to make the pupils quiet.
4．The president _ ____(亲自) answered her letter.
5．One of his ____ __(抱负) is to study abroad.
6．What is his real ____ __(动机)？
7．Mr. Chen i ___ ___ us in maths.
8．Where did you study last a____ __ year.
9．The new law will come into o___ ___ next month.
10．He has made a speech a__ ____ to the occasion.
二、单项选择
1．All the parts of these washing machines are ______, so that it is very convenient to replace them.
A．normalized B．modernized C． mechanized D．standardized
2．The trade agreement helped to strengthen the ______ between the two countries.
A．dependence B．derivation C．bond D． bearing
3．Though her father did not like the young man, she married him ______.
A． anybody B． anyhow C． anyone D．anywhere
4．Mary is ______ a translation of a French novel.
A．engaged with B．busy in C．absorbed to D．occupied with
5．This ticket ______ one person to the show.
A． promises B．enters C．admits D． includes
6．Because Edgar was convinced of the accuracy of this fact, he ______ his opinion.
A．stuck at B．strove for C．stuck to D．stood for
7．I ______ their method of making the machine.
A．adopted B．voted C．elected D． commended
8．Once a decision has been made, all of us should _______ it.
A．direct to B．stick to C．lead to D．refer to
9．If people keep polluting the rivers, no fish there will survive ______.
A．at all cost B．for a long while C． in the long run D． by no means
10．It was only with the help of the local guide _______.
A．we the mountain climber rescued
B．that the mountain climber was rescued
C．when the mountain climber was rescued
D．then the mountain climber was rescued
【能力拓展】
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
Central Park
Outside among the trees, watch the wildlifeboth the human and animal varieties. Call （212）360-3465 or (212)360-2726 for daily events and tours. Central Park stretches from “59th to 110th” Sts, and from “5th Ave. to Central Park West.”
Empire State Building
This is among the most striking buildings in the city, the nation, even the world. The observation deck (瞭望台) on the 86th floor is open to the general public, offering a wonderful view of the city. On the second floor you ll find the New York Skyride, a simulated (模拟的) helicopter ride over Manhattan. 5th Ave. at 34th St. Midtown/ (212)736-3100.
Intrepid Sea?Air?Space Museum
Five blocks west of Time Square, this museum has hundreds of air, deep?sea and space exhibits. Walk the flight deck of the 900?foot?long aircraft carrier Intrepid, see dozens of old and modern aircraft and ride the Intrepid Navy Flight Simulator. Pier 86. W. “46th St. and 12th” Ave./(212)245-0072.
Madison Square Garden
If it s big, it probably happens at the Garden. Check out sporting events, concerts and much more. Tours are available.“ 7th Ave. btwn. 31th” and 33th Sts, Midtown/(212)465-6741.
1．The New York Sky ride is for______ .
A．sightseeing B．flight training
C．model plane sports D． city transportation
2．If a visitor is interested in music, he will probably go to ______ .
A． Central Park B． Empire State Building
C．Intrepid Sea Air Space Museum D．Madison Square Garden
3．What is the purpose of these texts
A．To provide information of living in New York.
B．To provide directions of city traffic in New York.
C．To give visitors a guide to New York.
D．To give a brief introduction to the history of New York.
参考答案
高三部分
Units 7~8 (B3)
基础演练
一、1．standards 2．conscience 3．clapped 4．personally 5．ambition 6．motivation
7．instructs 8．academic 9．operation 10．appropriate
二、1．D 2．C 3．B 4．D 5．C 6．C 7．A 8．B 9．C 10．B
能力拓展
参考答案及解析：
1．A
2．D根据文章最后材料。
3．C为的是向来到纽约城市的人们介绍这座城市。
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高中三年级英语学案
Units 3-4 (B3)
【知识网络】
一、重点词汇与短语
1．govern vt. & vi.统治;控制;治理
The mayor governed the city very wisely.
Self interest governs all his actions.
government n.政府，政体，统治；governor总督，省长，主管人员；the governing class统治阶级；the governing body董事会，理事会
2． as a consequence (of)作为（……的）结果
As a consequence of his laziness, he was fired.
As a consequence, the bitterest race hatrads broke out in Hungary.
类似表达：in (as a) consequence of由于……，因……;as a result of因……
3．break out(火灾、疾病、战争、暴乱等)突然发生
break away from脱离；放弃（习惯等）；打破（陈规）
break into破门而入；突然……起来
break in闯入；打断
break up拆散；分裂；分解
break down毁掉；垮；身体垮下来
break off折断，打断
用法注意：break out一般不用于被动语态和进行时。
4．round up聚拢；征集；搜捕
The guide rounded up the tourists and took them back to the coach.
The teacher asked for the whole class to be rounded up.
5．classify vt.编排；分类
classify sth. according to/by sth.依据……分类
classify sb./sth. as归入……类；分等级
classify sb./sth. in/into…把……归为……类
The books in the library are classified by subject.
6．promote v.使晋升；促进；设立；发起
promote sb. to sth.提升，擢升某人
promote foreign trade促进对外贸易
promote a new product促销新产品
7．reward n. vt.报答；报酬；给报酬，奖赏
ask for reward不图报酬
give a reward to sb. for sth.为某事给某人报酬
offer a reward of…给酬金……
as a reward for…作为对……的酬谢
reward sb. for sth./doing sth.因……报答某人
reward sb. with/by…用……酬谢某人
8．pass away去世，逝世
pass by走过；经过；忽视
pass sth. down(常用于被动语态)一代一代传下去
pass sth. on(to sb.)将某物传交给（某人）
pass through sth.经历（一段时间）
二、词义辨析
1． respect, honour与regard
辨析：respect, honour与regard
（1）respect尊敬，正式用语，指对父母、年长者、正直的人、学者、法律等的尊敬或敬重。
如：
He respects his parents.他尊敬父母。
（2）honour尊敬，非常尊敬（＝respect highly）指对君主、长辈、父母、贵人、德高之人、正直之人、天神等的敬意。
如：
He was honoured as a man of courage.他被尊为勇者。
（3）regard尊敬，指对父母、他人的感情、法律等的尊敬。
We all regard our English teacher highly.我们都很尊敬我们的英语老师。
2．be sure of与be sure to do
be sure of(或that)主语是人，主语感到“有把握，确信”
be sure to do主语可以是人或物，表示说话人推测“一定，必然会”。
如：
He is sure of his success.=He is sure that he will succeed.
他确信他会成功。（主语He的信念）
He is sure to succeed.他一定会成功。（说话人的意见）
It is sure to rain.天准会下雨。
三、重点句型
1．It would be many years until Australia learnt to respect Aborigines and recognise the importance of a diverse society.
很多年之后澳大利亚人才开始尊重土著人，并且意识到多样性社会的重要性。
It would(will) be +段时间+until+从句是一个句型，表示“过多长时间才……”。
如：
It would be 10 years until he knew the truth
十年之后他才得知真相。
It will be 10 years until you understand
十年后你才会明白。
2．In area it is approximately the same size as the USA (without Alaska), which, however, has more than fourteen times as many people.
从面积上说，它大约同美国（不包括阿拉斯加）相当，而美国的人口却是澳大利亚的十四倍多。
As many people 后面省掉了 it has. 注意倍数表达法。
如A是B的X倍，可表示如下：
A be x times the size/height/length…of B
A be x times as big/high/long as B
A be x-1 times bigger/higher/longer than B
A be bigger/higher than B by x-1 times
3．In his youth Charles Darwin enjoyed all the freedom to experiment and do whatever he liked.
在年轻时代，查理斯·达尔文可以自由地做试验及他喜欢做的任何事。
Whatever he liked 引导宾语从句，作do的宾语。
四、语法复习
1．表语
（一）表语的定义
表语用以说明主语的身份、特征和状态，它一般位于系动词（如be, become, get, look, grow, turn, seem等）之后。
（二）表语的表现形式
表语一般由名词、代词、形容词、分词、数词、不式式、动名词、介词短语、副词及表语从句表示。
（1）名词
Our teacher of English is an American.我们的英语老师是美国人。
He is an astronaut.他是一位宇航员。
（2）代词
Is this yours 这是你的吗？
That’s all I want to tell you.我要告诉你的就是这些。
（3）形容词
The weather has turned cold.天气变冷了。
Guilin is the most beautiful city that I have ever visited.桂林是我到过的最美丽的城市。
（4）分词
The speech is exciting.这演讲激动人心。
The teacher was pleased with my spoken English.老师对我的英语口语很满意。
（5）数词
Three times seven is twenty?one.3乘7等于21。
He is always the first to enter the office.他总是第一个进办公室。
（6）不定式
His job is to teach English.他的工作是教英语。
Their plan is to finish the experiment in a week.他们的计划是一周内完成这项实验。
（7）动名词
His hobby is playing football.他的爱好是踢足球。
My wish is studying law in a university.我的愿望是在大学学习法律。
（8）介词短语
The machine must be out of order.机器一定出毛病了。
He is against our plan.他反对我们的计划。
（9）副词
Time is up. The class is over.时间到了，下课。
My father isn’t in. He is out.我父亲不在家，他出去了。
（10）表语从句
The truth is that he has never been abroad.
实际情况是他从未出过国。
2．宾语
（一）宾语的定义
宾语表示动作的对象或行为的承受者，用在及物动词或相当于及物动词的短语动词之后。可以作宾语的有名词、代词、数词、不定式（短语）、名词化的形容词、?ing分词短语、从句等。
（二）宾语的表现形式
（1）名词
They went to see an exhibition yesterday.他们昨天去看了展览。
He is going to buy a dictionary.他打算买本字典。
（2）代词
The heavy rain prevented me from coming to school on time.
那场大雨使我未能准时到校上学。
We should learn from him.我们应该向他学习。
（3）数词
-How many dictionaries do you have 你有几本字典？
-I have five.我有5本。
（4）名词化的形容词或分词
They helped the old with their housework yesterday.他们昨天帮助老年人做家务。
We should take the wounded to the hospital immediately.
我们应该立刻把伤员送进医院。
（5）不定式（短语）
He pretended not to see me.他假装没有看见我。
She didn t know what to do next.她不知道下一步做什么。
（6）动名词（短语）
I enjoy listening to popular music.我喜欢听游行音乐。
He practises speaking English every day.他每天练习讲英语。
（7）从句
I think (that) he is fit for his office.我认为他称职。
He asked me whose pronunciation was the best in the class.他问我班上谁的发音最好。
（三）宾语的种类
（1）直接宾语
直接宾语表示动作的承受者或结果，通常指物。
Lend me your dictionary, please.请把你的字典借给我。
Excuse me, please. Could you tell me the way to the railway station
对不起，请问到火车站怎么走？
（2）间接宾语
间接宾语表示动作所向的或所为的人或物，通常指人。间接宾语一般位于直接宾语之前，也可位于直接宾语之后，但此时在它的前面须加介词to。
The company sent us a few computers last year.公司去掉给我们送了几台计算机。
He sent a birthday gift to me yesterday.昨天他送给我一份生日礼物。
（3）复合宾语
有些动词除了跟有宾语外，还需要一个词来说明宾语的身份或状态，以补充其意义的不足，这样的词或短语叫做宾语补足语。宾语与宾语补足语一起就叫做复合宾语，它们在逻辑上有主谓关系。如果直接宾语是不定式、动名词或从句，常用it作形式宾语。
They elected him their monitor.他们选他当班长。（代词+名词）
I found the baby always happy.我发现这个婴儿总是很愉快的。（名词+形容词）
The next day he found himself in the hospital when he waked.
当他第二天醒来时发现自己在医院里。（代词+介词短语）
I often ask him to help me with my English.我经常请他帮助我学英语。
（代词+动词不定式）
I find it easy to answer this question.我发现回答这个问题是容易的。
（it作形式宾语）
（4）介词宾语
位于介词后面的宾语称做介词宾语。
In our school about three?fourths of the students are from the north.
我们学校3/4的学生来自北方。
【考点透视 考例精析】
[考例1] It is reported that the United States uses _______ energy as the whole of Europe.
A．as twice B．twice much C．twice much as D．twice as much
[解析] Ｄ 本题考查倍数表达法。考比较等级及修饰语，表分数、倍数、百分数的修饰语一般应放在比较等级的前面。详见前面解释。
[考例2] You were silly not _______ your car.
A．to lock B．to have locked C．locking D．having locked
[解析] Ｄ 考非谓语动词，由句意可知lock your car的动作应该业已完成，故选择D项。
[考例3] It was a pity that the great writer died ________ his works unfinished.
A．for B．with C．from D．of
[解析] Ｂ 考查with的复合结构。with+名词+过去分词通常在句中作伴随状语。
[考例4] Don’t be discouraged. ______ things as they are and you will enjoy every day of your life.
A．Taking B．To take C．Take D．Taken
[解析] Ｃ 祈使句+and+将来时态的句子＝if条件句+将来时态的句子。
[考例5] Before building a house, you will have to ______ the government’s permission.
A．get from B． follow C．receive D．ask for
[解析] Ｄ ask for permission是固定词组，意为“征求许可；征得同意。”
【基础演练】
一、据首字母（汉语提示）填词，完成句子。
1．Her ______(同伴) share her interest in computers.
2．The airplane’s _______ (目的地) is Pairs.
3．T______ this sentence into the passive.
4．Chinese is his _______(长项).
5．He has a poor French ______(词汇量).
6．What is the usual ______ (手续) for setting up a new school
7．Exercise gave me an ______(食欲).
8．The teacher______ (计算) the average mark of the class.
9．They are preparing for war on a large______ (规模).
10．Never judge a man by his ______(外貌).
二、单项选择
1．Every government that refuses to meet the needs of its people must accept the______ .
A．consequences B．endings C．results D．outcome
2．In the first several years of our economic reform, many military factories have been ______ into civil ones in order to meet the needs of the country.
A．altered B．converted C．transmitted D．transformed
3．People in New York ______ that their city is the most vital city in the world.
A．announce B． claim C．state D．pronounce
4．She ______ her sister in appearance but not in character.
A．looks B． compares C． resembles D．equals
5．The two sides in the dispute still differ ______ each other ______ the question of pay.
A．with; over B．with; in C．over; with D．on; over
6．We should make a clear _______ between the two scientific terms for the purpose of our discussion.
A．distinction B． discrimination C．deviation D．separation
7．It was said that she was going abroad at her own ______.
A．money B．expense C．fund D．charge
8． ______ energy must be released in one form or another, for example, and earthquake.
A．Gathered B．Collected C．Accumulated D．Assembled
9．In countries where there are still not many schools, education is a ______ .
A．power B．privilege C．program D．promotion
10．Because of his achievements in the last year, John was ______ to a higher position.
A． risen B．promoted C．lifted D．grown
【能力拓展】
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
Sitting is an art that isn’t getting passed along. People these days feel as though they have to be doing something. If they are not working, they are jogging, or playing tennis or golf, or taking courses to improve their minds or bodies-or they are parked in front of the TV. Sitting in front of the TV isn’t sitting-it’s watching.
People used to sit a whole lot. You would walk down the street or drive down the road, and there they would be, out on the doorsteps, sitting. You could go down to the store and sit on the bench out front in the summer or around the fire in the winter. There were sitting benches out in the town square. At the garage, there were straight-backed chairs. There among the oil cans and tires and spare parts, you could kick back and sit.
Houses used to have sitting rooms, where the grown-ups would go after Sunday dinner. Mom and Dad, Grandpa and Aunt Ruby would sit and digest(消化) the fried chicken and talk about Aunt Ethel’s illness, and how well the minister did today. Outside, the children would play, and the afternoon would pass by in a comfortable haze(悠闲的氛围 ).
That sort of thing looks like doing nothing. A recharging battery(正充电的电池)doesn’t look as if it’s doing anything either. Sitting restores your soul. If you want to enjoy a truly full life, don’t just do something-sit there.
1．What message does the author try to get through to us
A．People should make better use of their sitting room.
B．People should spend less time watching TV.
C．People should pass down their good habits.
D．People should take things easy for their own good.
2．We can learn from the second paragraph that______ .
A．people lived a more restful life in the past
B．towns were built to make living convenient
C．small town garages had a lot to offer
D．people enjoyed going out for a drive
3．The sitting room mentioned in the text used to be a place for ______ .
A．eating food B．watching TV
C．gathering together D．playing with children
4． From the text we know the writer believes ______ .
A．sitting has a good spiritual effect
B．sitting helps people remember the past
C．a sitting room may have different purposes
D．a sitting room is important for the old
参考答案
高三部分
Units 3~4 (B3)
基础演练
一、1．fellows 2．destination 3．Transform 4．strength 5．vocabulary 6．procedure
7．appetite 8． calculated 9． scale 10．appearance
二、1．A 2．D 3．B 4．C 5．A 6．A 7．B 8．C 9．B 10．B
能力拓展
参考答案及解析：
1—5 DACA
1．D 根据文章最后一段可知。
2．A 人们过去过着一种比较安逸的生活。
3．C 根据第三段的内容Mom and Dad, Grandpa and…
4．A 根据文章最后一段Sitting restores your soul可知。
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高中三年级英语学案
Units 15-16 (B3)
【知识网络】
一、重点词汇与短语
1．acknowledge vt.承认；告知已收到，为……表示感谢
He refused to acknowledge defeat/that he was defeated.
He acknowledged having made a mistake.
We must not fail to acknowleage his services to the town.
have a good knowledge of对……非常了解
have no knowledge of对……不熟悉
bring sth. to the knowledge of sb.让某人知道……
to one’s knowledge据某人所知
without the knowledge of在……不知道的情况下
2．starve vi.挨饿；饿死starvation n.饥饿；饿死
The proud man said he would starve rather than beg for food.
She is starving for attention.
I have been starving to see her.
starve for sth./to do渴望；急需要
starve to death饿死
3．fit in (with)与……相适应；与……相协调
The doctor managed to fit me in this morning.
I will happily change my plans to fit in with yours.
4．possess vt.拥有；具有
Who takes possessions of the possessions
The possessions are in the possession of Mary.
possess nothing一无所有；possessor=owner拥有者；take possession of占有；拥有；in possesson of拥有；占有；in the possession of被占有
5．hold back
（1）退缩，踌躇
When danger came, no one held back.
（2）The police held back the crowd.
（3）阻碍
His poor education is holding him back.
（4）保留（实情，隐瞒）
He held back the fact that he was seriously ill.
hold on(打电话时)等着，别挂断；继续，持续下去
hold on to抓住，不放弃；拥有
hold out提出，伸出，维持
6．nevertheless adv. & conj.虽然如此；然而
He was tired; nevertheless/however, he kept writing.
I can’t go. Nevertheless, I appreciate the invitation.
He is often rude to me, but I like him nevertheless.
二、词义辨析
persuade, convince与advise
（1）persuade和convince意思均为说服，前者着重情感上的“敦促，劝告”，后者着重理智方面的“辩论，证明”，两者结构相同。
persuade/convince sb. that…; persuade/convince sb. of sth.
①He persuaded me that it was not worth buying.他说服我，那东西不值得买。
（2）persuade还可表示说明某人做（或不做）某事，其结构为：
persuade sb.(not) to do sth.; persuade sb. into/out of doing sth.
②He persuaded me to do that.=He persuade me into doing that.他说服我去做那件事。
（3）persuade和convince都表示结果，即说服了，若表示“说服”或“劝说”的动作，常用try to persuade(或convince)，也可用advise表示。
③I advised (tried to persuade) him to start early but he didn’t listen.
我说服他早点动身，可他不听。
三、重点句型
1．What do you think teenagers in China have in common with those in other countries
你认为中国的青年和外国的青少年有些什么共同之处？
do you think 为插入成份,常插在特殊疑问句中,构成复杂的特殊疑问句,其构成形式为:疑问代词或疑问副词+插入成份+陈述部分you也可以换成其他代词。Think也可以换成其他表达想法或看法的动词：believe, consider, suppose., imagine, guess等。
When and where do you think we will have a picnic
你认为我们将在何时何地野餐？
How do you suppose he passed the exam
你猜他是如何通过考试的？
2．Would you like to make a difference by becoming a volunteer
你愿意成为一位志愿者，从而使生活有所变化吗？
would like/love to do sth.意为“愿意/想要做……”，to为不定式，后接动词原形。
指点迷津：would like/love to have done sth. 指过去本想做某事而实际上未做。
3．Since Lu Hao began his twice weekly visits, Mr. Zhao’s health has improved.
自从鲁浩开始每周两次拜访他以来，赵老师的健康状况已大有好转。
since 意为“自从……以来”，可作为连词、介词、副词，表示事情持续的起点。
指点迷津：以过去的时间为起点，持续到现在，多用现在完成时；从过去更早的时间持续到过去，多用过去完成时；从过去持续到将来，多和将来完成时连用。
It is/ has been+一段时间+since+一般过去时，可译为：自从……以来已经多长时间了。从句中动作多用非延续性动词。
4．Every time he plays football he is watched by thousands of adoring Becks fans all over the world.
每次他踢足球时，全世界的热爱贝克汉姆的球迷们都注视着他。
every time每一次，在此用作从属连词，引导时间状语从句。
【考点透视 考例精析】
[考例1] The place ______ the bridge is supposed to be built should be ______ the cross-river traffic is the heaviest.
A．which; where B．at which; which C．at which; where D．which; in which
[解析] C 第一空是定语从句,第二句是表语从句。
[考例2] Nowadays, a large number of women, especially those from the countryside, ______ in the clothing industry.
A．is working B．works C． work D．worked
[解析] C 主语的中心词是women,主谓一致,谓语动词用复数,时态是一般现在时。
[考例3] ---- Do you know where David is I couldn’t find him anywhere.
---- Well . He _______ have gone far ----his coat’s still here.
A．shouldn’t B．Mustn’t C．can’ t D．wouldn’t
[解析] C 对于过去的猜测“不可能走了”,因为他的外套还在这儿。
[考例4] The president spoke at the business meeting for nearly an hour without ______ his notes.
A．bringing up B．referring to C．looking for D．trying on
[解析] B refer to参照讲稿。 bring up“把……带大”; look for“寻找”; try on“实验”。
【基础演练】
一、据首字母（汉语提示）填词，完成句子。
1．Many social services are still provided by v____ __ societies.
2．What’s your ____ __(年) salary
3．They employ ___ ___(临时的) labour to pick the fruit.
4．The city council ____ __（赞成） the building plans.
5．She was ____ __（具有） of a wonderful calm temperament.
6．He is so lazy that it’s difficult to a___ ___ his ability.
7．The high cost is a major ___ ___（障碍）.
8．In a__ ___ to giving a general introduction to computers, the course also provides practical experience.
9．Have you gained a teaching ___ ___（资格）.
10．It is important to be ___ ___（准时）for your classes.
二、单项选择
1．______ , the dancers practice hard to make their dreams come true.
A．Being disabled as they B．As they are disabled
C．Disabled as they are D． Disabled so they are
2． So biologists were ______ early this year when, with the help of the Navy, they were able to______ a particular blue whale for 43 days, monitoring its sounds.
A．delighting; keep track of B．delighted; keep in touch with
C．delighting; keep an eye out D．delighted; keep track of
3．Criticism from coaches, and other teammates, as well as ______ to win can create an excessive(过度的) amount of anxiety for young athletes.
A．pressure B．reputation C．standard D．permission
4．What you said was true. It was, ______， a little unkind.
A． therefore B．nevertheless C．anyway D．thus
5．Unless the worker’s demands are ______ , soon there will be a strike.
A．paid B． met C． permitted D． replied
6．Have you ever read the book “ The Wolf Totem” by Jiang Rong, ______ tells the story of the relationship between wolves and human beings
A．whom B．that C．which D．as
7．Created in 1420 as an Imperial Palace, the Forbidden City ______ in the center of Beijing for 600 years.
A．has stood B．stands C．to stand D．stood
8．______Asia, European countries have started to worry about bird flu, as birds infected with the deadly flu has been found in Romania, Turkey and Russia.
A．Excep t B．Apart C． In addition to D．Beside
9．Living across two centries, Ba Jin experienced many periods of danger and suffering but never lost his beliefs ______ a person should tell the truth and be an honest man.
A．what B．that C．when D．不填
10．The Qinghai-Tibet Railroad, ______ on October 16, connects Tibet with the rest of China.
A．completes B．completed C．completing D．completes
【能力拓展】
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
People can be addicted to different things —— e. g. alcohol, drug, certain foods, or even television. People who have such an addiction are compulsive: they have a very powerful psychological need that they feel they must satisfy. According to psychologists, many people are compulsive spenders. They feel that they must spend money. This compulsion, like most others, is impossible to explain reasonably. For compulsive spenders who buy on credit, charge accounts are even more exciting than money. In other words, compulsive spenders feel that with credit, they can do anything. Their pleasure in spending large amounts is actually greater than the pleasure that they get from the things they buy. There is even a special psychology of bargain hunting. To save money, of course, most people look for sales, low prices, and pulsive bargain hunters, however, often buy things that they don t need just because they are cheap. They want to believe that they are helping their budgets, but they are really playing an exciting game. When they can buy something for less than other people, they feel that they are winners. Most people, experts claim, have two reasons for their behavior: a good reason for the things that they do and the real one.
It is not only scientists, of course, who understand the psychology of spending habits, but also business people. Stores, companies, and advertisers use psychology to increase business. They consider people’s needs for love, power, or influence, their basic values, their beliefs and opinions, and so on in their advertising and sales methods.
Psychologists often use a method called “behavior therapy (疗法)” to help individuals solve their personality problems. In the same way, they can help people who feel that they have problems with money.
1．According to the passage, the greatest pleasure of crazy shopping for a compulsive spender is ______.
A．to get things they want
B．to meet their strong psychological need
C．to spend a lot of money
D．to meet their basic needs
2．According to the passage, compulsive bargain hunters constantly search for the lowest possible prices ______.
A．because they feel satisfied if they spend less money than others
B．because they have money problem
C．because they like to show off their success in getting things for less money
D．because they want to save money to help their budget
3．What does the passage mainly discuss
A．The use of the psychology of spending money in business.
B．A special psychology of bargaining.
C．A method to help compulsive spenders to solve the problem of money.
D．The psychology of money spending habits.
参考答案
高三部分
Units 15~16 (B3)
基础演练
一、1．voluntary 2．annual 3．casual 4．approved 5．posessed 6．assess
7．drawback 8．addition 9．qualification 10．punctual
二、1．C 2．D 3．A 4．B 5．B 6．C 7．A 8．C 9．B 10．B
能力拓展
参考答案及解析：
1．C 文章第一段第七行 Their pleasure in spending large amounts is… 可知。
2．A 文章第一段倒数第四行compulsive bargain hunters…可知。
3．D
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高中三年级英语学案
Units 13-14 (B3)
【知识网络】
一、重点词汇与短语
1．astonish vt.使惊讶，使震惊
The news astonished everyone.
It astonished me that no one had thought of it before.
astonished adj.astonishing adj.astonishment n.
2．convince vt.使确信，说服
convince sb. that …使某人相信
convince sb. of sth.使某人明白某事
convince sb. to do sth.说服某人干某事
How can I convince you of her honesty
What convinced you to vote for them
3． assume vt.假定；设想；假装；承担
We can assume profits of around 5%.
assume a false name用假名字
assume control of sth.得到某物的控制权
4．cancel vt.取消，废除
cancel (sth.) out抵消；中和
She cancelled her trip to New York as she felt ill.
The losses of four overseas section cancel out the profits made by the company at home.
5．remark n.&vi.评论；评述
remark on/upon sb./sth.说/写/评论（关于某人/某事物）
A lot of people have remarked on the similarity between them.
make a rude remark说出无礼的话
6．commit vt.犯；（不合法的、错的或愚蠢的事）
commit a crime/suicide犯罪/自杀
commit sb.(oneself) to sth/doing sth承诺某事/做某事
commit sb./sth. to sth.将某人（事）交给某处保留（处理）
7．tell…apart识别，辨别
Can you tell Jane and Lucy apart For they look so alike.
tell A from B把A与B区别开
tell the difference between A and B区分AB
A be different from BA与B不同
A differs from BA与B有别
8．come to light发现，暴露
Much more new evidence has come to light, so the judges have to sentence the man to death.
When the old woman died, it came to light that she was actually very rich.
come out出版，发行；come down下降
come into effect (force)开始生效；come into sight被望见
come to a conclusion做结论；come to an end结束；come to life活跃，起来；come to oneself恢复知觉，正常；come to the point谈正题；come off从……掉下来
二、词义辨析
except, except for, except that与besides
except将一个或几个人或物从同一类或普通的种类中除外；其后可接名词、代词、副词、介词短语、不定式（短语）或wh?从句。
besides意为“除……之外（尚有……）”，except是它的反义词；except表示“减云”，而besides表示“加上”。
except for说明整个基本情况后，对细节加以纠正；其后一般接名词。
except that用来表示理由或细节，修正前面所说的情况，其后须接从句，可以与except for互换。
①All came except Jane.除了珍妮外，大家都来了。（“Jane”和“all”是同一概念范畴内的词，都是指“人”，用except,不用except for）
②They all went there besides Tom.除汤姆（去了）以外，他们也都去了。
③He is a good man except for hot temper.他是个好人，只是脾气暴躁而已。（temper和man不是同一概念范畴的词，temper只是man的一个侧面，因此用except for,而不用except）
④Your article is quite good except that there are several spelling mistakes.
=Your article is quite good except for several spelling mistakes.
你的文章很好，只是有几处拼写错误。
三、重点句型
1．Then over dinner ,Franklin mentions that he has not been sleeping well since he gave up smoking and Dr Candy, the local doctor, offers to write him a prescription for some medicine.然后吃完饭后，富兰克林提到了自从戒烟以来他一直睡不好。坎迪医生——当地的一位医生，表示要为他开药方来抓药。
have/has been doing sth. 现在完成进行时。
2．Desperate for money, he tried to persuade Rachel to marry him, but when she changed her mind ,he had no choice but to go abroad to sell the diamond.
(由于)渴望得到钱，他试图说服雷切尔嫁给他，但当她改变了主意时，他别无选择只能去国外卖钻石。
have no choice hut to do sth .别无选择，只能做某事We had no choice but to go to bed .
那孩子别无选择只能上床睡觉了。
【思维拓展】
3．They discovered that the farther away the feeding station was, the slower the dance was.他们发现喂食点越远，舞蹈就越慢。
在本句中，使用了the+比较级，the+比较级这一句型结构，意为“越……,越……”。
The busier the old man is ,the happier he feels.
那老人越忙越高兴。
【考点透视 考例精析】
[考例1] When asked by the police, he said that he remembered __ _ at the party, but not _ _.
A．to arrive; leaving B．to arrive; to leave
C．arriving; leaving D．arriving; to leave
[解析] C 此题主要考查remember后接非谓语动词的不同形式时的意义理解，根据语境可知，指记得所做过的事情，而不是要做什么，故均选动词的?ing形式。
[考例2] The company is starting a new advertising campaign to ______ new customers to its stores.
A．join B．attract C．stick D．transfer
[解析] B 考查动词辨义。join参加，加入；attract吸引；stick粘住；transfer迁移。
[考例3] Months ago we sailed ten thousand miles across this open sea, which ______ the Pacific, and we met no storms.
A．was called B．is called C．had been called D．has been called
[解析] B 考查在语境中运用、辨析时态的能力。题中which引导的为非限制性定语从句，which指代this open sea,引导的定语从句表达的是客观事实，所以应用一般现在时。
[考例4] ----It’s getting late. I’m afraid I must be going now.
----- OK. ______ .
A．Take it easy B．Go slowly C．Stay longer D．See you
[解析] D 考查交际用语。根据语境，应选道别之辞。
【基础演练】
一、据首字母（汉语提示）填词，完成句子。
1．I tried to c_____ _ Tom after his wife’s death.
2．Their children are always very c____ __ towards old people.
3．Their wedding was a ___ ___(辉煌的) affair.
4．She ____ __(扣牢) her coat.
5．By a curious _____ __ (巧合), my husband and I have the same birthday.
6．Plain glass is __ ____(透明的).
7．Don’t rely on the information he gave you —it’s pure _ _____(设想).
8．He smokes a _ ____(最大量) of ten cigars a day.
9．The city’s water supply is no longer a__ ____.
10．She grew up in comfortable ___ ___(环境).
二、单项选择
1．What made the man angry was that the boy pretended __ ____ when he asked him to do it.
A．sleep B．sleeping C．to be sleeping D．not to asleep
2．The company decided to ______ the contract because a number of the conditions in it had not been made.
A．destroy B．resist C．assume D．cancel
3．Tom’s ______ of power was welcomed by everyone.
A. assumption B．impression C．success D．suggestion
4．He was glad that the judge announced that he was innocent ______ crime.
A．in B．to C． of D．for
5． She had a(n) _______ respect for Mr Green.
A．valuable B． extraordinary C．considerable D．considerate
6． How can you ______ the two books apart
A．say B．speak C．tell D．divide
7． He has worked on the research several years, but something he hopes for doesn’t ______ .
A．come to lights B．come to a light C．come to lighting D．come to light
8． Farming demands ______ forecasts of the weather.
A．precise B．correct C． accurate D．exact
9．Why this otherwise excellent newspaper allows such an article to be printed is _____ me.
A．above B．outside C．beside D．beyond
10．There was more than ______ rain and snow last year, so some parts of the country have been flooded this spring.
A． extra B．efficient C．permanent D．adequate
【能力拓展】
阅读下面短文掌握其大意，然后从短文各题所给的四个选项中选出能填入相应空白处的最佳选项。
Not too long ago, an incident that happened at Walt Disney touched me greatly. A guest 1 out of our Polynesian Village resort (度假胜地) at Walt Disney was asked how she 2 her visit. She told the front?desk clerk she had had a(n) 3 vacation, but was heart broken about 4 several rolls of Kodak color film she had not yet 5 . At that moment she was particularly 6 over the loss of the pictures she had shot at our Polynesian Luau, 7 this was a memory she especially treasured.
Now, please understand that we have no written service rules 8 lost photos in the park. 9 , the clerk at the front desk 10 Disney’s idea of caring for our 11 . She asked the woman to leave her a couple rolls of 12 film, promising she would take care of the rest of our show at Polynesian Luau.
Two weeks later the guest received a 13 at her home. In it were photos of all the actors of our show, 14 signed by each performer. There were also 15 of the public procession (游行队伍) and fireworks in the park, taken by the front desk clerk in her own 16 after work. I happened to know this 17 because this guest wrote us a letter. She said that 18 in her life had she received such good service from any business.
Excellent 19 does not come from policy (政策性的) handbooks. It comes from people who 20 — and from a culture that encourages and models that attitude.
1． A．working B．checking C．rying D．staying
2． A．expected B． realized C．paid D．enjoyed
3． A．disappointing B． wonderful C．uncomfortable D．important
4． A． taking B．dropping C．losing D．breaking
5． A． developed B．taken C．washed D．loaded
6． A．silly B． nervous C．calm D．sad
7． A．when B．where C．as D． which
8． A．covering B． finding C．making D．keeping
9． A．Excitedly B．Fortunately C．Therefore D．Quietly
10．A．understood B．reminded C．trusted D．discovered
11．A． workers B．guests C． managers D．clerks
12．A． printed B．shot C．unused D．recorded
13．A．film B．card C． camera D．packet
14．A．frequently B．personally C． alone D．actually
15．A．rules B．pictures C．handbooks D．performances
16．A．case B．work C． time D．position
17．A．story B．place C． photo D． show
18．A．only B．almost C．never D． nearly
19．A．advice B．experience C．quality D．service
20．A．care B．serve C．like D．know
参考答案
高三部分
Units 13~14 (B3)
基础演练
一、1．comfort 2．considerate 3．splendid 4．fastened 5．coincidence
6．transparent 7．assumption 8． maximum 9．adequate 10．surroundings
二、1.C2.D3.A4.C5.C6.C7.D8.C9.D10.D
能力拓展
参考答案及解析：
1—5 BDBCA 6—10 DCABA 11—15 BCDBB 16—20 CACDA
1．B check out“结帐退房离开旅馆”。
2．D how she enjoyed her visit“(她被问道)这次参观的感觉怎么样”。问某人对某事的评价，常用句型：How do you like／ehoy sth What do you think of sth
3．B 后面的but表示转折，说明她的假期过得非常愉快，只是丢了几卷胶卷使她伤心。
4．C 根据上下文的意义可知。
5．A developed“(胶卷)冲洗过的”，take和a picture／photo搭配，表示“拍照”。
6．D 从上文的heartbroken可知她丢失了胶卷心里是很难过的。
7．C as表示原因。“因为她非常珍视这一段记忆。”
8． A 这句话提醒读者注意他们的旅游度假胜地Polynesian Village resort没有书面的包含处理在公园丢失的照片的服务条例。covering修饰rules，“包含……的制度、条款”。
9．B fortunately“幸运地是”，表示转折。
10．A 前台的工作人员没有看到这条规定，但她理解了迪斯尼的服务宗旨。其它各项均不合题意。
11．B 迪斯尼的服务对象当然是来这里度假的客人。
12．C 从上下文可知是没用过的胶卷。unused“没用过的”；printed“印出来的”；shot“拍过的”；recorded“录过音的”。
13．D a packet“包裹”。
14．B personally signed“被个人签上名的”。
15．B 根据后面作定语的过去分词所构成的固定搭配take pictures，选B。
16．C 前台服务员利用自己的业余时间拍的这些照片。
17．A 这位客人写信反映的事。
18．C 从本句的倒装句式可知本空填否定副词never。表否定的副词连词位于句首，句子用部分倒装。
19．D 从上下文可知。最后一段是对本故事的总结和评论。“优秀的服务并非来自服务细则，而是来自具有关心、服务意识的人，来自激励和塑造这种态度的文化。”
20．A care对客人的关心，设身处地为客人着想，才能真正为客人服务，而不仅仅是按要求去为客人服务。
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高中三年级英语学案
Units 5-6 (B3)
【知识网络】
一、重点词汇与短语
1．advertise vt. & vi.登广告，做广告
I advertised my car for sale.
advertise on TV/in a newspaper for sb./sth.
advertise a meeting, a concert, a job
2．charge n. vt.主管；充气（电）；负责；要价；控告
How much do you charge for a room with a bath
He was charged with bribery.他被控告收取贿赂。
in charge of负责；in (under) the charge of a person由某人负责;take charge of接管……，担任……；free of charge免费地（的）
3．blame vt. n.责备，谴责，归咎于；责怪，责任
blame sb. for sth./blame sth. on sb.责备某人某事
be to blame for sth.(对某坏事等)负责任。
They blamed him for the accident.
=They blamed the accident on him.
=He was to blame for the accident.
take the blame for…承担……的责任
4．accuse vt.控告；谴责
The police accused him (of theft).
He was accused of murder.
She accused him of being late.
6．get across传播；为人理解
It took me an hour to get my invention across to her.
The message got across at last.
7． attach vt.系；贴；附加；认为有（重要性等）
attach sth. to sth.把某东西系到某东西上
attach yourself to sb./sth.加入；使隶属于
be attach to sb./sth.依恋；留恋
8． make sense有意义，有道理，讲得通
This sentence doesn t make sense.
It makes sense to take care of your health.
Can you make sense of what this writer is saying
common sense常识；in a (some) sense在某种意义上
There is no sense in doing sth.(做某事)没道理
9． keep up维持，保持
I hope the weather will keep up.
The noise kept up for all night.
The good news keep our spirit up.
How do you keep this large house
keep an eye out for sb./sth.留心或注意某人/物
keep a close watch on密切注意
keep away from避开，离开；keep back防止，隐瞒
keep on继续；keep off…离开，使不接近
keep out (of)不进去，置身于……外，从……离开
keep up with跟上，不落后；keep in touch with保持联系
10． beyond ①prep.在……的那边，远于；超过
I can’t see anything beyond the river because of fog.
He is such a naughty boy and is beyond my control.
Don’t stay out beyond 10 o’clock at night.
②adv.在更远处；再往后
From the top of the hill you can see a lake beyond.
二、词义辨析
1．each与every
each强调“个体”,every强调“整体”，every只有一个词性，形容词，且every不接of短语，every只作定语，而each作定语，主语，宾语，同位语。如：
Each/Every pupil was given a pencil.每个学生发一枝铅笔。
Each of us has a Chinese-English dictionary.
我们每人都有一本汉英词典。
2．spend, cost, pay, charge与offer
这几个词都表示“花费（金钱）”，但用法不一样。
（1）cost是以“物，事”为主语，常用于sth. cost (sb.) some money结构。
The cost cost her 20 yuan.这件外衣花了她20元。
注意：cost无被动语态。
（2）pay用于付款给别人，付一个帐单或者付几笔款项等，它是及物动词，宾语可以是“人”或“钱”的名词或代词。
Yesterday he paid the money he owed.他昨天还清了欠账。
（3）charge指收取别人多少钱，主语为人或旅馆等。
The hotel charged me ￡10 for a room for the night.
那家旅馆一间房一晚向我收费10英镑。
（4）offer出价，开价；提供，出售，“人”作主语。
We offered him the house for ￡1000.我们要价1000英镑卖给她那幢房子。
比较：We offered him ￡1000 for the house.我们出价1000英镑买他那幢房子。
3．set off, set out与set about
（1）set off有“启程；出发”的意思，还可作“引起；使爆炸”解（例略）
（2）set out的意思是“开始；着手”后常接动词不定式。
如：
He set out to paint the whole house.他开始着手粉刷房子内外。
（3）set about的意思也是“开始；着手”但常接动名词作宾语。
如：
She set about doing some cleaning after breakfast.她用过早餐后立即着手打扫卫生。
三、重点句型
1．You think the newspaper is to blame for this because…
你认为因为这件事报社应受责备……
注意to blame =should be blamed 应受责备。如：
Who is to blame for breaking the window
谁应为打破窗子而受责？
2．It has been proven again and that frequent advertising increases product sales.
事实已经一次次地证明经常做广告增加了产品的销售量。
It is (has been) proven 已被证明（后接that句）
It has been proven that more than 2000 people died in the war
已经被证实多于2000人死亡于这场战争。
类似表达有：It is / was hoped / said / announced / reported that……
人们希望/据说/已宣布/已报导……
It is said that the girl had been badly treated while
shopping yesterday=The girl is said to have been badly……
It is hoped that we’ll have a brighter future.
It was announced that Russia sent up another man-made satellite.
3. Not all ads are used to promote a product or to increase a company’s profits.
并非所有的广告都被用来推动产品的销量，或增加公司的利润。
Not all=all not 并非所有的（部分否定），此句也可写为：
All ads are not used to promote a product or to increase a company’s profits. all的全部否定为none或nothing
No one.类似的还有both, each, not both（each）=both（each）
Not均为部分否定，both全部否定为neither, each全部否定为none, no one, nothing。如：
Not all the students smoke=All the students don’t smoke
并非所有的学生都吸烟。
None of us like that song我们一个也不喜欢那首歌。
四、语法复习
1．宾语补足语
（一）宾语补足语的定义
英语中有些及物动词，除了一个直接宾语以外，还要有一个宾语补语，才能使句子的意义完整。这类常用的及物动词有：make(使)，consider(认为)，cause(引起)，see（看见），find(发现)，call(称为，叫做)，get(让，使得)，have(让，使得)，let(让)等。
如：
Electricity can make a machine run。电能使机器运转。
We consider(或think) the answer (to be) correct.我们认为这个答案是对的。
What he said made me very angry.他的话使我很生气。
（二）宾语补足语的表现形式
带有宾语补足语的一般句型为：某些及物动词（如make等）+直接宾语（名词或代词）+宾语补足语。
宾语补足语在句中的9种表示法：
（1）用名词（包括名词性物主代词）表示
His father named him Tom.他父亲给他取名汤姆。
We consider Mr Zhang an excellent teacher.我们认为张先生是位优秀的老师。
（2）用形容词及其短语表示
They painted their boat white.他们把船漆成了白色。
We believed the report untrue.我们确认这个报告不真实。
I saw him young and strong, and now he is old and worn.
我看到他的时候，他年轻强壮，现在他已年老体弱。
（3）用不定式及其短语表示
You mustn’t force him to lend his money to you.他不应该强迫他借钱给你。
Nobody noticed him enter the room.没有人注意到他进了屋子。
注：see, have, let, make, watch, notice, hear, observe等动词后的宾语补足语用不定式表示时，不可加to。help后的不定式可带也可不带to。
（4）用现在分词及其短语表示
We saw her entering the room.我们看见她正走进那个房间。
I heard her singing an English song.我听见她在唱英语歌曲。
（5）用过去分词及其短语表示
They found Guilin greatly changed.他们发现桂林变化很大。
At that time we were there and saw it done.那时我们在那儿，并看见这事被做完。
注：过去分词作宾语补足语时，宾语和它的关系是被动关系。
（6）用as引出宾语补足语
We take English as a useful tool for research work.
我们把英语当作研究工作的一种有用的工具。
I look upon him as my teacher.我把他看成我的老师。
（7）用介词短语表示
We found everything in the laboratory in good order.
我们发觉实验室内每件东西都放得井井有条。
Whenever you may go, you will find him at work.
不论什么时候去，你都可以看见他在工作。
（8）用副词表示
Let the fresh air in.让新鲜空气进来。
I saw him out with his father.我看见他和他父亲外出了。
（9）用从句表示
We will soon make our city what your city is now.
我们不久就要把我们的城市发展成你们城市目前的那个样子。
The plant has its own name. You cannot call it what you will.
这种植物有自己的名称。你不能随便称呼它什么。
注：能在复合宾语中先用形式宾语it，然后再用真正宾语的动词并不多，常见的有think, find, consider, judge, feel, make, take等。
They thought it right to do this test.
他们原以为做这项试验是对的。（后面不定式为真正宾语）
We all think it our duty that we should support him.
我们都认为支持他是我们的职责。（后面从句是真正宾语）
We find it necessary to master a foreign language.
我们认为掌握一门外语是有必要的。（后面不定式短语为真正宾语）
2．定语
（一）定语的定义
修饰名词或代词的词、短语或从句称为定语。
（二）定语的表现形式
定语一般可由形容词、分词（短语）、名词、代词、数词、名词所有格、不定式、动名词、介词短语、副词和从句等充当。
（1）形容词
Guilin is a beautiful city.桂林是一座美丽的城市。
A bright future shines before our eyes.光照的未来展现在我们眼前。
（2）分词（短语）
China is a developing country; America is a developed country.
中国是一个发展中国家，美国是一个发达国家。
Who is the man shaking hands with our teacher 和我们老师握手的那个人是谁？
This is the bridge built last year.这是去年建的那座桥。
（3）名词
There are thirty women teachers in our school.我们学校有30名女教师。
They are going to put up a wall newspaper next week.他们打算下周出墙报。
（4）代词
His rapid progress in English made us surprised.
他在英语方面的快速进步使我们很吃惊。
Do you know the student whose English pronunciation is the best in your class
你知道你们班上英语发音最好的那个学生吗？
（5）数词
More than thirty students in our class have read the book.
我们班三十多个学生读过这本书。
The teacher asked the students to copy the third paragraph of the text.
老师让学生抄写课文的第3段。
（6）名词所有格
You should follow the doctor’s advice and do more exercises.
你应该听从医生的建议，多运动。
Mary’s parents have gone abroad.玛丽的父母出国了。
（7）不定式
Our monitor is always the first to enter the classroom.
我们的班长总是第一个走进教室。
I can’t go with you. I still have a lot of work to do.
我不能和你去。我仍有许多工作要做。
（8）动名词
The teaching plan for next term has been worked out.
下学期的教学计划已制定好。
You mustn’t take the magazine out of the reading room.
你不要把杂志带出阅览室。
（9）介词短语
He is reading an article about how to learn English.
他正在读一篇有关如何学习英语的文章。
Who is the girl in red 穿红衣服的那个姑娘是谁？
（10）副词（多位于被修饰词之后）
A noise outside made him turn around.外面的喧闹声使他转过身来。
The man in the room below is friendly.楼下房间的那人很友好。
（11）从句
There is nothing that worries him.没有什么事使他烦恼。
I will remember the day when I first met her.我将记住第一次遇见她的那一天。
注：如果作定语的是形容词、代词、名词等，通常位于所修饰的词之前，但如果作定语的是介词短语或动词不定式，则位于所修饰词之后。
如：
Her father is a famous doctor.她父亲是个著名的医生。（代词、形容词作定语）
I’ve got an important meeting to attend.我有一个重要会议要参加。（形容词、动词不定式作定语）
People in the park were enjoying the warm sunshine.公园的人正享受着暖和的阳光。（介词短语、形容词作定语）
【考点透视 考例精析】
[考例1] It shames me to say it， but I told a lie when ______ at the meeting by my boss.
A．questioning B．having questioned
C．questioned D． to be questioned
[解析] Ｃ 本题考查分词用法。when+分词（doing/done）作状语，question vt.“对……提出疑问”，相当于when I was questioned。
[考例2] If you can’t come tomorrow，we’ll ______ have to hold the meeting next week.
A．yet B．even C．rather D．just
[解析] Ｄ yet作“还”讲常置于句末，even“甚至”，rather“相当”，语义不符语境。just(口语)用以加强语气，“甚至”之意，故选D。
[考例3] ----How long are you staying
----I don’t know. _______ .
A．That’s OK B．Never mind C．It depends D．It doesn’t matter
[解析] C 本题考查交际用语与惯用法。It (just) depends是口语，意思是说“看看再说，视情况而定”合乎题意。其他几个不符语境。
[考例4] It was not a serious illness, and she soon ______it.
A． got over B．got on with C．got around D．got out of
[解析] A 本题考查动词短语用法辨析。A项意为“从（病、损失等）中恢复过来”。B项是“与……相处”或“某事进展如何”。C项为“（在某处）走一走，看一看”。D项为“逃避，追逐放弃”。根据句意，应选A项。
【基础演练】
一、据首字母（汉语提示）填词，完成句子。
1．We were ready to the the b___ ___ for what had happened.
2．I was ____ __（烦） with him because he kept interrupting.
3．The scientist decided he didn’t want to be a__ ____ with the project, and left.
4．We sold our house at a __ ____ （利润）.
5．How did he ___ ___（反应） to your suggestion
6．She bore the b____ __ of caring for her sick mother.
7．Will this medicine give immediate r____ _ from pain
8．The child can’t use chopsticks p____ __.
9．She was d____ __ of a health bady.
10．They celebrated their 10th wedding ___ ___ （纪念）.
二、单项选择
1．He has a good thermometer which ______ changes in temperature very quickly.
A． reacts against B． reacts with C．reacts to D．reacts on
2．It is rather difficult to guess what her ______ would be when we tell her the news.
A． method B． reaction C．impression D．comment
3．Police have ______ to the public to come forward with any information which might help them with their inquiries.
A．urged B．claimed C．appealed D．called
4．Sorry. Madam. You’d better come tomorrow because it’s______ the visiting hours.
A．during B．at C．beyond D． before [06 福建卷]
5．Our teacher is clever, but not very good at ______ his ideas to us.
A．getting across B． getting over C．getting on D．getting into
6．His invalid father is becoming a ______ to him.
A．freight B． cargo C．burden D．load
7．If you think you can do the work, you should ______ for the job.
A．apply B． claim C． request D．appeal
8． After I stood in the room for one minute, my eyes slowly grew ______ to the gloom(黑暗).
A． accustom B． accustomed C．familiar D．custom
9．The medicine the doctor gave me ______ my headache.
A．freed B． refreshed C．released D．relieved
10． I hear you’re going to ______ that job in the accounts department.
A． go for B．go over C．go along with D． go through
【能力拓展】
阅读下面短文掌握其大意，然后从短文各题所给的四个选项中选出能填入相应空白处的最佳选项。
We may look at the world around us, but somehow we manage not to see it until whatever we’ve become used to suddenly disappears. 1 , for example, the neatly-dressed woman I 2 to see—or look at—on my way to work each morning.
For three years, no matter 3 the weather was like, she was always waiting at the bus stop around 8∶00 am. On 4 days, she wore heavy clothes and a pair of woolen gloves. Summertime 5 out neat, belted cotton dresses and a hat pulled low over her sunglasses. 6 , she was an ordinary working woman. Of course, I 7 all this only after she was seen no more. It was then that I realized how 8 I expected to see her each morning. You might say I 9 her.
“Did she have an accident Something 10 ” I thought to myself about her 11 . Now that she was gone, I felt I had 12 her. I began to realize that part of our 13 life probably includes such chance meetings with familiar 14 : the milkman you see at dawn, the woman who 15 walks her dog along the street every morning, the twin brothers you see at the library. Such people are 16 markers in our lives. They add weight to our 17 of place and belonging.
Think about it. 18 , while walking to work, we mark where we are by 19 a certain building, why should we not mark where we are when we pass a familiar, though 20 , person
1． A. Make B． Take C． Give D． Have
2． A. happened B． wanted C． used D． tried
3． A. what B． how C． which D． when
4． A. sunny B． rainy C．cloudy D．snowy
5． A．took B．brought C． carried D． turned
6． A． Clearly B． Particularly C．Luckily D．Especially
7． A． believed B．expressed C． remembered D． wondered
8． A． long B． often C． soon D．much
9． A．respected B．missed C． praised D． admired
10．A．better B． worse C． more D．less
11．A． disappearance B． appearance C． misfortune D．fortune
12．A．forgotten B． lost C．known D． hurt
13．A． happy B． enjoyable C． frequent D． daily
14．A． friends B． strangers C． tourists D． guests
15． A．regularly B． actually C． hardly D． probably
16． A． common B． pleasant C． important D． faithful
17． A． choice B． knowledge C． decision D． sense
18． A． Because B． If C． Although D．However
19． A． keeping B． changing C． passing D． mentioning
20． A． unnamed B．unforgettable C． unbelievable D． unreal
参考答案
高三部分
Units 5~6 (B3)
基础演练
一、1．blame 2．annoyed 3．associated 4．profit 5．react 6．burden 7．relief
8．properly 9．delivered 10． anniversary
二、1．C 2．B 3．C 4．C 5．A 6．C 7．A 8．B 9．D 10．A
能力拓展
参考答案及解析：
1—5 BCADB 6—10 ACDBB 11—15 ACDBA 16—20 CDBCA
1．B
2．C 前句说了人常犯的毛病：对习惯了的东西视而不见，本句便拿一个过去上班途中常看到的妇女作例子。Take…for example(拿……作例子)是固定用法，故2空选B，提到的妇女是作者过去常见的，现在看不到了。篇章第一句及下文均有线索，用used to。
3．A what是代词，作like的宾语。我们常用“What s the weather like ”来询问天气。
4．D 本句后半部分说她穿着厚重的衣服，戴着毛线手套，天气一定很冷，所以要填snowy／cold／winter才合理，晴朗、下雨及多云都不必如此穿着。
5．B 本句属拟人用法。这位女士夏天会穿着棉布连衣裙，戴上(遮阳)帽子及太阳镜，就像夏天把这一切带到外面似的，故填brought。
6．A 上文得知，这位女士穿着整洁、守时、坐公共汽车，她应该是一个普通的工作女性，这一点是很清楚的，显而易见的。
7．C 紧扣首句和下文。再也见不到这位女士了，才记起了这一切。天天见到她的时候，却不曾真的留意。
8．D much作状语，表程度，是I expected very much to see her…改成的感叹结构，作realize的宾语。其余选项都表时间和频率，均不妥。
9．B 上句作者说非常盼着见到那位女士，那么也就是想念她了。
10．B
11．A 作者以前天天见到那位女士，却从不真正留意。现在她再也没有出现，作者便对此(她的消失)产生猜测，而这些猜测都应是足以让那位女士不再出现的(坏)事。故25空填worse，26空填disappearance。
12．C now that表一种原因及一件事的后果。全句意为：她不见了(结果)我倒感觉着我认识她了(天天见她时却很陌生)。
13．D 14．B
15．A 本句较长，空也多，难度就增加了，那位女士对于作者来说是一个“熟悉的陌生人”。所谓熟悉是因为常见，所谓陌生，是因为彼此不了解，从未交谈过。这样的人在生活中不少，所以由于这位女士的突然不见，作者怅然若失，才开始意识到日常生活包括了这样一些“熟悉的陌生人”，然后举了一些例子，这些例子都是日常生活中常见的人，所以13填daily，14填stranger，15填regularly。
16．C
17．D 上文提到的那些“熟悉的陌生人”增加了我们对某些地方及环境的感觉分量，故17空填D。既然这些人起到这样的作用，那么他们也就重要了，所以16空填important。
18．B 19．C
20．A 结合上文，通读最后一段，可知作者设问：走路上班时，我们会借助建筑物来标识(判断)我们走到哪里了，为什么我们不借助那些常见的人来判断一下我们走到哪里了呢 19空填passing也合理，经过某个建筑，我们就知道走到什么地方了。18空填if表条件，结合全句可知
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高中三年级英语学案
Units 1-2 (B3)
【知识网络】
一、重点词汇与短语
1．conclude vt. vi.得出结论，断定；结束；达成
What do you conclude from the facts
We concluded an agreement with the enemy and soon made peace.
conclusion n.结论；结束；结尾；鉴定
come to/draw/reach a conclusion得出结论
2．set down记下，写下
He tried to set his ideas down.
At the beginning of his letter Dan set down the date.
含set的短语：
set about着手做某事，set an example树立榜样，set aside放在一边搁置，set free释放，set off动身，出发，set out动身，出发，开始做……，set up竖起来，建立，set sail to/from/for…起航
3．fade vi.凋谢，褪色；（声音）变弱，vt.使褪色
Will the color in this material fade
Sunlight faded my curtains.
The custom is fading.
4．inspect vt.检查，视察，察看 inspection n.
The detective inspected the room for fingerprints.
All food shops should be inspected regularly.
carry out frequent inspections进行经常性检查
inspector检查员，巡视员，视察员，督学
5．confirm vt.证实，确定；确认，批准
What you say confirms my opinion.
The government confirmed me in my possession of the land.
Can you confirm that you ll be able to attend
6．burst into cheers爆发出欢呼声
burst vi.爆裂，突然发作，n.爆裂（炸），裂口
My shopping bag burst as I was leaving the supermarket.
On hearing the news， she burst into tears.
相关表达：burst into tears/laughter突然大哭/大笑
burst into song/bloom/view/sight突然唱起歌来/开花/景观（奇观）突然出现
7．familiar adj.熟悉的；精通的；亲密的
sth./sb. be familiar to sb.某物/人为某人所熟悉
sb. be familiar with sth./sb.某人熟悉某物/与某人亲密
8．center on将某人（物）当作中心或重点
concentrate on专心致志于
类似短语：
attend on侍候……，看护……，照料；call on访问，号召；depend on取决于……，依……而定；feed on以……为食；fix one s eyes on盯住……；go on继续；keep on坚持……；live on靠……生活；look on (sb as)看待（作）……
9．bring up教育，养育；提出，引出；呕吐
bring up the question提出问题
He was brought up by his uncle.
She brought up all the food she had eaten.
归纳：bring in获利，赚，引进；bring about带来，引起；bring down使……降低
二、词义辨析
1．place, station, situation, position, post与site
（1）place位置；是意思极广的惯熟用语。
（2）station位置；指事物被放置的场所。
（3）situation［英］位置；大体与position同义，指事物被放置的状态，转义而表示境遇、地位等，特指书记、教师、家仆等雇员的地位或位置。
如：
The hotel stands in a good situation.这旅馆位于一个很好的位置。
（4）position［美］位置；stuation指物的位置与其他物的关系，position指物自己的位置，不含比较。
如：
the position of a city on a map城市在地图上的位置
（5）post位置，职位；指负有一定职务的地位
（6）site位置；指建筑物、都会等的位置
2．such as, for example与namely
such as用于列举，往往不能事物全部列出。可以以“名词+such as+被列举的事物”和“such+名词+as+被列举的事物”形式出现。
fox example用于举例说明，可以用于句首、句中、名末，往往用逗号隔开for example和被列举的事物。
namely用于列举，名词前使用具体数字说明，并把事物一一列出。
Writers such as Lu Xun and Ba Jin are well?known to all.
像鲁迅、巴金这样的作家是众所周知的。
I have never seen such a bright student as she/her.
我从未见过像她这样聪明的学生。
He is fluent in several foreign languages, for example, French and Spanish.
他精通几种外语，如：汉语、西班牙语。
Only one person can do the job, namely you.
惟独一人能够做这事，那就是你。
三、重点句型
1．Impressive as the record is, it fades next to the story of Armstrong’s struggle against disease.
虽然这项记录令人难忘,但阿姆斯特朗与疾病抗争的故事比它更令人瞩目。
Impressive as the record is 是个倒装句，as引导让步状语从句，相当于though引导的正常语序的状语从句。
如：
Tired as he was, he sat up late.（= Though he was tired, he sat up late.）
他虽然疲倦，可仍然很晚才睡。
Child as he is, he knows a lot.
尽管他是个孩子，但他知道的事情很多。
2．He took possession of it in the name of the British Crown.
他以英国女王的名义占领了它。
（1）take/get/gain possession of 拿到，占有；占领
They took possession of the castle quickly
他们迅速占领了城堡
Possession n.拥有，占有；所有物，财产，领土
be in possession of拥有； be in the possession of (某物)为（某人）所有
（2）in the name of 以……的名义类似表达有：
under the name of 以……的名字，by name 名叫……, by the name of 名叫……的；以……之名，
如：
I only know her by name .我知道她的名字。
He goes by the name of Jack. 大家都叫他杰克。
She attended the lecture under the name of her sister.
她以她姐姐的名字参加了演讲。
3．…as members of a British team, were the first to make it to the summit of Mount Qomolangma.
…作为英国登山队的队员，是首次成功登上珠峰的人。
（1）不定式to make it to the summit of Mount Qomolangma作后置定语，修饰the first, 又如the last to leave。通常不定式作后置定语，与所修饰的名词之间是逻辑动宾关系，因此不定式应用及物动词的主动形式，不及物动词要搭配相应介词。
如：
She refused to go to the ball because she had no jewellery to wear
她没有任何首饰可佩戴，因此拒绝参加舞会。
They had only a little room to live in
他们住在一间小屋子里。
（2）make it(口语)做成，成功；达到目的，设法安排。
—Can you catch the train
—I hope I can make it.
四、语法复习
1．主语
（一）主语的定义
主语是一个句子所叙述的主体。主语一般位于句首，但在there be结构、疑问句（当主语不是疑问词时）和倒装结构中，主语位于谓语、助动词或情态动词后面。
（二）主语的表现形式
主语可由名词、代词、不定式、动名词、名词化的形容词和主语从句等表示。
（1）名词
During the 1990s, American country music has become more and more popular.
20世纪90年代，美国乡村音乐越来越流行。
Professor Zhang is a famous scientist.张教授是著名的科学家。
（2）代词
We often speak English in class.我们经常在课堂上说英语。
Who is the man standing over there 站在那里的那个人是谁？
（3）数词
One third of the students in this class are girls.这个班1/3的学生是女生。
Two times five is ten.2乘5等于10。
（4）不定式
To swim in the Lijang River is a great pleasure.在漓江里游泳是非常愉快的事。
To master a foreign language is necessary.掌握一门外语是必要的。
（5）动名词
Smoking does harm to the health.吸烟对健康有害。
Playing football in the street is dangerous.在街上踢足球是危险的。
（6）名词化的形容词
The rich should help the poor.富人应该帮助穷人。
In new China the old are living a happy life.在新中国，老年人正过着幸福的生活。
（7）从句
When we are going to have an English test has not been decided yet.
我们还没有决定什么时候举行英语测验。
Whether he ll join us in the discussion is of great importance.
他是否参加我们的讨论是很重要的。
（8）it作形式主语
It is necessary to master a foreign language.掌握一门外语是有必要的。
It is dangerous playing with fire.玩火是危险的。
It is a pity that he cannot swim.他不会游泳真遗憾。
2．谓语
（一）谓语的定义
谓语说明主语所做的动作或具有的特征和状态。动词在句中作谓语，一般放在主语之后。
（二）谓语的构成
1．简单谓语
由一个动词或动词短语构成。
He practises running every morning.他每天早晨练习跑步。
Yesterday afternoon he reached Guilin.昨天下午他到了桂林。
She takes good care of her sick mother.她仔细照料她那生病的母亲。
He has got rid of his bad habit.他已经改掉了他的坏习惯。
2．复合谓语
（1）由情态动词或其他助动词加动词原形构成
You may keep the book for two weeks.这本书你可以借两周。
You’d better not take the magazine out of the reading?room.
你最好不要把这本杂志拿出阅览室。
He has caught a bad cold. He has to go to see a doctor.
他患了重感冒。他必须去看医生。
She doesn’t seem to like dancing.她似乎不喜欢跳舞。
We are going to call on him tonight.我们打算今晚去拜访他。
（2）由系动词加表语构成
We are students.我们是学生。
He looked a bit excited.他看上去有点激动。
【考点透视 考例精析】
[考例1] It’s ten years since the scientist ______ on his life’s work of discovering the valuable chemical.
A．made for B．set out C．took off D．turned up
[解析] B考查短语动词的辨析。set out on sth着手做某事，take off脱下（衣物），从……取下……，（飞机）起飞等，turn up出席，露面，make for为“可造成，可成为，有好处”的意思，本单元有make for。
[考例2] He accidentally ______ he had quarreled with his wife and that he hadn’t been home for a couple of weeks.
A．let out B．took care C．made sure D．made out
[解析] A 考查动词词组。let out泄露，take care当心,make sure保证，make out认出，理解。
[考例3] _______ two exams to worry about, I have to work really hard this weekend.
A．With B．Besides C．As for D．Because of
[解析] A 本题考查介词知识。选项中只有with可以跟复合结构，即with+宾语+宾语补足语，此句中two exams为宾语，不定式to worry about为宾语补足语。
[考例4] In ______ Chinese culture, marriage decisions were often made by parents for their children.
A．traditional B．historic C．remote D．initial
[解析] A traditional传统的，historic历史的，历史意义的，remote遥远的，长久的，initial原始的，最初的，只有A项满足句意。
【基础演练】
一、据首字母（汉语提示）填词，完成句子。
1．Hold ______ (紧), the plane is to drive.
2．The storekeeper h ______ ten girls for the Christmas rush.
3．My salary is paid into my bank ______(帐户).
4．We are f______ by that film.
5．With your ______ (同意) we will take the first train.
6．He analysed the ______ (各种各样的) factors.
7．His information was ______(准确).
8．He gave me an apple in e______ for a cake.
9．I am p______ by his surprising attitude after hearing his words.
10． His ten years in America laid the ______(基础) of his career.
二、单项选择
1． I hope my teacher will take my recent illness into ______ when judging my examination.
A．regard B．account C．counting D．observation
2．The police _______ every object in the room for fingerprints.
A．insulted B． inspired C．inspected D．insulated
3．It is more difficult for a(n) ______ smoker to give up the habit than for a novice (新手，初学者) but it can be done.
A．abrupt B．confirmed C．beginning D．disciplined
4．He did not show any ______ for our new plans.
A．enthusiasm B．enthusiast C．enthusiastic D． enthusiastically
5．Mr Snow ______ $ 1000 for the horse, so I had to give up.
A． bid B．spend C．expended D．approached
6．He thought that ______ .
A． the effort doing the job was not worth
B．the effort was not worth in doing the job
C． it was not worth the effort doing the job
D． it was not worth the effort by doing the job
7．My money ______. I must go to the bank to draw some of my savings out before I’ve none in hand.
A．has run out B．is running out
C．has been run out D． is being run out
8．This regulation doesn’t ______ you, so don’t worry about it.
A．indicate B． appoint C．approve D． concern
9．It is impossible to say with any degree of ______ how many are affected.
A．reality B．accuracy C．exaction D．emergency
10．Many difficulties have ______ as a result of the change over to a new type of fuel.
A． risen B．arisen C． raised D．arrived
【能力拓展】
阅读下面短文掌握其大意，然后从短文各题所给的四个选项中选出能填入相应空白处的最佳选项。
It was the night before the composition was due. As I looked at the list of topics (题目)，“The Art of Eating Spaghetti (意大利面条)” caught my eye. The word “spaghetti” brought back the 1 of an evening at Uncle Alien s in Belleville 2 ll of us were seated around the table and Aunt Pat 3 spaghetti for supper. Spaghetti was an exotic (外来的) treat in 4 days. Never had I eaten Spaghetti, and 5 of the grown-ups had enough experience to be 6 it. What laughing 7 we had about the 8 respectable method for moving Spaghetti from plate to mouth. 9 , I wanted to write about that, but I wanted to 10 it down simply for my own 11 , not for Mr Fleagle, my composition teacher. 12 , I would write, something else.
When I finished it the night was half gone and there was no 13 left to write a proper composition for Mr Fledgc. There was no choice next morning but to 14 my work. Two days passed before Mr Fledge returned the 15 papers. He said, “Now, class, I want to read you a composition, The Art of Eating Spaghetti.”
My words! He was reading my words out 16 to the whole class. 17 laughed, then the whole class was laughing with open?hearted enjoyment. I did my best not to show 18 , but what I was feeling was pure happiness, 19 my words had the power to make people 20 .
1． A．memory B．thought C．knowledge D．experience
2． A．when B．where C．since D．after
3． A． cooked B．served C．got D．made
4． A．their B．past C．last D．those
5． A．none B．one C．some D．neither
6． A．careful about B．good at C．fond of D．interested in
7． A．speeches B．lessons C．sayings D．arguments
8． A．nearly B．naturally C．officially D．socially
9． A．Especially B．Probably C．Suddenly D．Fortunately
10．A．settle B．put C．bite D．let
11．A．work B．story C．luck D．joy
12．A．However B．Therefore C．As for him D．Except for that
13．A．time B．excuse C．way D．idea
14．A．give up B．continue C． hand in D．delay
15．A．written B．graded C． collected D．signed
16． A．loud B．fast C． publicly D．calmly
17． A． People B． Nobody C． Somebody D．I
18． A．shock B．wonder C． worry D． pleasure
19． A．if B． for C．while D． although
20． A． excited B． satisfied C． think D． Laugh
参考答案
高三部分
Units 1—2 (B3)
基础演练
一、1．tight 2．hired 3．account 4．fascinated 5．permission 6．various
7．accurate 8．rxchange 9． puzzled 10．foundation
二、1．B 2．C 3．B 4．A 5．A 6．C 7．B 8．D 9．B 10．B
能力拓展
参考答案及解析：
1—5 AABDA 6—10 BDDCB 11—15 DCACB 16—20 ACDBD
1． A“Spaghetti”这个词使他想起了以前吃面条的事，所以用memory。
2． A when引导定语从句，修饰前面的evening，意为“当时”。
3． B 那天晚上作者和其他一些亲属坐在桌边吃AuntPat所做的面条，此时的面条是端到餐桌上了，故用served。serve有“端上（饭菜）”之意。
4． D“在那个时候”或“在那些日子”用in those days。
5． A
6． B作者从未吃过意大利面条，而在座的成年人也都不擅长／没吃过，所以才有下文有关怎样吃意大利面条以及令人发笑的争论。
7． D上句提到没有吃意大利面条的经验，因而大家才会争论怎样吃，所以填arguments。
8． D吃东西的方式和举止要得体，要符合一定的社会文化，所以填socially。
9． C文章开头提到SPaghetti一词使作者想起过去的经历，填suddenly表思绪的突然过渡。
10．B
11．D“把……写下来／记下来”用“put sth．down”。写下这一经历自己欣赏和享用，故用“joy”。
12．C上文说自己要写吃意大利面条的经历，写下来自己留着享用，不给作文老师。作文是要交的，那么就写点别的给他吧。“As for him”可译为“至于他嘛”。
13．A写完那篇文章，到了半夜了(自己还要睡觉)，也就没有时间写准备上交的作文了。
14．C别无选择，只好“上交”(原本打算留给自己的)作品。“hand in”是“上交”的意思。上交了但作品还是自己的，故不算放弃。不选A。B和D离题较远。
15． B老师把作文收上去，过了两天发下来，那么这两天老师把作文批改，给分(或定个等级)，作文也就是“被给过等级”的作文了。
16． A老师极为欣赏作者的作文，所以把它朗读给全班，故选A。C项有干扰性，但“publicly”与“to the whole class”重复，不可选。
17．C因故事有趣，有人先笑了，接着全班都开怀大笑。
18．D自己的作文得到老师和同学们的欣赏，自然高兴，但不能显露自己的得意，所以填pleasure。
19．B虽尽量不显示自己的得意，但心中还是充满了快乐，因为自己的作品能使人开怀一笑。所以填for，是表原因的并列连词。
20．D从全文可知，使人发出笑声，而不是使人兴奋/满意/思考。排除其他选项。
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高中三年级英语学案
Units 11-12 (B3)
【知识网络】
一、重点词汇与短语
1．pull out
（1）vt.(车辆，船只等)驶出，（火车）驶离车站（反义词组pull in）
The ship pulled out into the middle of the driver.
（2）拉掉，拔掉，使分离
The policeman pulled out a gun.
（3）使……从……中退出（pull out of）
The general pulled his troops out of the area.
2．suspect vt.怀疑；不相信n.嫌疑犯，可疑对象
I suspect the truth of her statement.
句型：supect sb of (doing) sth.; suspect sb to be/to have done.
I strongly suspect that they re trying to get rid of me.
3．embarrass vt.使尴尬；使为难
Are you trying to embarrass me
He was embarrassed when they kept telling her how clever he was.
embarrassing adj.令人困惑的，尴尬的；embarrassment. n.窘迫，令人窘迫的人或事
4．congratulate vt.祝贺；庆贺
He congratulates them on what they have achieved.
I congratulated him on the great discovery.
Congratulations to you on having passed the college entrance examinations.
We offered our congratulations to Peter on winning the first place in the game.
5．live up to按……行事；做到；和……相符
We continued to live up to our promises.
They hope he will live up to their expectation.
6．shame
（1）n.［c］&［u］羞耻，羞愧，惭愧
She was full of shame at her bad behavior and hung her head in shame.
短语：to one s shame令某人惭愧/羞愧的是……
（2）n.［c］&［u］耻辱，羞辱
bring shame on sb./oneself使某人自己丢脸
Your bad behavior brings shame on the whole school.
（3）n.［c］遗憾的事，可惜
What a shame (that) it rained on the day of your garden party!
7．decline vi.变小；拒绝；变少；变弱n.下降，衰退
Her influence declined after she lost the election.
They asked me to their party, but I declined the invitation.
He declined to answer.他拒绝回答。
The land declines toward the river.那块土地向河流方向倾斜。
There has been a gradual decline in the population of the town.
on the decline衰退中（的），走下坡（的）
8．drop out (of)退出；辍学
Since his defeat he has dropped out of politics.
She dropped out of college after only 2 weeks.
9．donate vt.捐赠；赠送
donate sth. to sb./sth.向……捐赠……
give away sth. to sb.向……捐赠……
present sth. to sb.=present sb. with sth.向……捐赠……
10．result in引起（结果）；结果……
result in=cause=lead to导致
rusult from因……而产生
as a result of因……而产生……
as a result结果
二、词义辨析
match, suit与fit
（1）match：多指大小、色调、形状、性质等方面的搭配。
The curtains and carpets should match.窗帘和地毯应该相配。
（2）suit:多指合乎需要、口味、性格、条件、地位等。
Does the time suit you 这个时间对你合适吗？
No dish suits all tastes.众口难调。
（3）fit:多指大小、形状合适，引申为“吻合”“协调”。
The new shoes fit me well.这双新鞋我穿着大小合适。
The dress doesn’t fit her.这件衣服不适合她穿。
三、重点句型
1．Not going to university is not a shame.
不上大学并不是一件丑事。
not going to university 是动名词短语的否定式，在句中作主语。注意非谓语动词的否定式：not to do ,not doing ,not having done等。
2．No matter how hard you try, working towards a career for which you are not suitable is not going to get your there.
无论你多么努力，只要去做一项你并不适合的工作是不会取得成功的。
matter常跟疑问词构成连词引导让步状语从句。如：no matter what, no matter which, no matter who, no matter when, no matter where, no matter how等。
3．They called this goal“Education for All”.他们把这个目标称为“所有孩子的教育”。“call+宾语+宾语补足语”结构，意思是“说……是，认为……，称作……”。
①Call + O + n.
We called him Lao Wang.我们称他老王。
I call that a shame. 我认为那是一种耻辱。
②Call + O + adj.
I call that dishonest.我认为那不诚实。
③跟其他类型的复合宾语
④Call me what you like.你喜欢怎么称呼我都行。
［思维拓展］
①call v.可以表示“叫作，称呼”“叫，叫唤”“来访”“（给某人）打电话”等。called常用来作后置定语，“叫作……”。
②常见call短语有：
call back回电话
call for需要，要求；接人，取物
call in召集，召请
call off取消（某活动）
call on/upon拜访某人
call at ( a place )拜访某地
call up 给……打电话，征召人役（参军）
【考点透视 考例精析】
[考例1] The three sisters decided to hold a family party to ______ their parents’ silver wedding.
A．celebrate B．memorize C．congratulate D．welcome
[解析] A 本题考查近义词辨析。celebrate sth庆祝（某事），memorize“记住”，congratulate sb on sth祝贺某人某事，welcome欢迎。
[考例2] He proved himself a true gentleman and beauty of his _______ was seen at its best when he worked with others.
A．temper B．appearance C．talent D．character
[解析] D temper意为“心情，脾气”；appearance“外表，外貌”；talent“才能，才干”；character“性格，个性，性情”。
[考例3] I walked in our garden, ______ Tom and Jim were tying a big sign onto one of the trees.
A．which B．when C．where D．that
[解析] C 考查语法知识在具体语境中的实际运用能力，where引导的非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词garden，意为“在那里”，表地点，而非时间。
[考例4] Before the war broke out, many people ______ in safe places possessions they could not take with them.
A．threw away B．put away C．gave away D．carried away
[解析] B 本题考查动词短语辨析。throw away“扔掉，放弃”，put away“把……收好，整理好”，give away“捐赠，泄露”，carry away“带走”，题意为“战争爆发前，人们会把带不走的财产放在安全的地方”。
【基础演练】
一、据首字母（汉语提示）填词，完成句子。
1．She was __ ____（怀疑） of being a spy.
2．C___ ___ on winning the race.
3．Money helps to s____ ___ away most problems.
4．The police __ ____（追赶） the stolen vehicle along the motorway.
5．Students often find ____ __（临时的） jobs during their summer holidays.
6．Education is ____ __（义务的） for all children in Britain between the ages of sand 16.
7．The public remain ___ ___（怀疑的） of these claims.
8．There is a growing ____ __（趋势） for people to work at home instead of in offices.
9．Where can I o____ __ a copy of her latest book
10．It must be e___ __ to all of you that he has made a mistake.
二、单项选择
1．What ____ __ of students pass the CET4 college
A．percent B．percentage C． division D． category
2．The disguise was so good that I had no ______ of his real identity.
A．wonder B． hesitation C．suspicion D．thought
3．He was afraid he would have to ______ invitation to the party.
A．ignore B． decline C．decrease D． deny
4．Green products are becoming more and more popular because they are environmentally_______. [06 福建卷]
A． friendly B． various C．common D． changeable
5．When I passed the entrance examination, my family ______ me ______ my sucesses.
A．celebrated; on B．congratulated; on
C． celebrated; to D．congratulated; to
6．His injury forced him to ______ the competition.
A． drop out B． drop out of C．drop in D． drop in on
7．A complete investigation into the cause of the accident should lead to improved standards and should ______ new operating procedures.
A． result in B． match with C． subject to D． proceed with
8．These clothes ______ a tropical climate.
A．are not used to B． are not suited to
C． don’t rely on D．don’t serve
9．The doctors ______ the medicines to the people in the flooded area.
A．distinguished B． chose C．annoyed D．distributed
10． The police ______ the evidence by legal means that George murdered his wife.
A．achieved B．gained C．obtained D．contained
【能力拓展】
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
It is often said that differences between people can be caused by the different times when the people were born. For example, people who were born between March 21 and April 20 are supposed to be active, daring, and strong. They like power and enjoy adventures. They think quickly and have strong wills.
On the other hand, those who were born between April 21 and May 20 are supposed to learn more slowly, but they remember what they learn. They love children, and they usually have many friends.
People born between May 21 and June 21 are bright and interesting. They like to talk, and they enjoy wearing fine clothes. Those born between June 22 and July 22, on the other hand, think deeply. They would rather hide their feelings than express them.
People who were born between July 23 and August 22 are generally proud. They are interested in many subjects, and it is interesting to hear them talk. Those born between August 23 and September 22 are said to be calm and thoughtful. They like to read and often Become successful scientists.
Those who were born between September 23 and October 22 seldom become excited. They love beauty and have a great desire to learn. And those born between October 23 and November 21 are often admired because they learn quickly and can express their ideas easily.
It is said that people born between November 22 and December 21 enjoy meeting strangers, and they are able to command those around them, while people born between December 22 and January 19 have strong feelings, which they are quick to express.
People who were born between January 20 and February 18 are dreamers, and they have the power to make their dreams come true. And those born between February 19 and March 20 are successful with money but they are also peaceful and kind.
These are some of the beliefs of astrologers (占星家), who think human differences are caused by the positions of the sun, moon, and stars.
1．The author’s purpose in writing this is probably ______.
A．to provide reference for fortune tellers
B．to help parents cultivate(教育) their children s character
C．to tell the reason for different characters among people
D．to provide reference for people to check the characters
2．According to the passage, which of the following might be true
A．People born in spring are all clever.
B．Those who become wealthy are probably born in spring.
C．Children born in September may have many friends.
D．Important people are usually born in autumn.
3． Who have strong wills and quick at thinking
A．People born between March 21 and April 20.
B．People born between April 2l and May 20.
C．People born between May 21 and June 21.
D．People born between June 22 and July 22.
4．The passage is mainly about ______ .
A．the characteristic of the twelve months
B．the influence of the sun on people s character
C． the relations of sun, moon and stars
D．the relationship between people s characters and their birthdays
参考答案
高三部分
Units 11~12 (B3)
基础演练
一、1．suspected 2．Congratulations 3．smooth 4．pursued 5 ．temporary 6． compulsory 7．sceptical 8．tendency 9．obtain 10．evident
二、1．B 2．C 3．B 4．A 5．B 6．B 7．A 8．B 9．D 10．C
能力拓展
参考答案及解析：
1．D 为了供人们参考，本文引述了不同月份出生的人具有的不同生理及性格特征。
2．B 参见倒数第二段。
3．A 参见第一段的倒数第一、二句。
4．D 本文的第一段为主题段，主题段的首句为主题句。
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高中三年级英语学案
Units 9-10 (B3)
【知识网络】
一、重点词汇与短语
1．abuse n.滥用；虐待；辱骂vt.滥用；虐待；辱骂
It’s easy to abuse one s power.
I won’t abuse your trust.
a much abused wife一位备爱虐待的妻子
the dangers of drug abuse滥用药物的危险
2．to make things worse更糟的是
To make things worse, he refused to apologize.
You are only making things worse.
同义词组有：what’s worse, worse still, even worse
类似结构有：to tell the truth说实话；to be exact确切说来；to be honest说实话；to be fran坦率地讲等
3．lay off解雇；不理会，使下岗
During the recession they laid ten of us off for three months.
The doctor told me to lay off for a week
4．consult vt.&vi.向……咨询，查阅
to consult a dictionary/a lawyer/a doctor
consult with与……交换意见，与……协商
Before I make up my mind I d better consult with my parents.
5．make ends meet使收支相抵
Being out of work and having two young children, the couple found it impossible to make ends meet.
6．furnish vt.为……提供家具；用家具布置
furnish A with B为某人（物）提供某事物（＝furnish B to A）
furnish sth. with sth.为某物提供家具，用家具布置某地
furnish a village with supplies (furnish supplies to a village)
furnish a house (a room, an office)
7．take pride in感到自豪
（1）take pride in以……为荣，对……感到自豪
She took great pride in being a member of the club.
（2）be proud of以……自豪
He was proud of his school record.
（3）be proud to do因做……而自豪
I’m very proud to call you my friend.
8．do up打扮；梳妆；固定，扣上，系上；修理；装修
This skirt does up at the back.
He never bothers to do his jacket up.
If we decide to buy the cottage, we’ll have to do it up.
do onself up梳妆打扮，化妆
9．let down使某人失望，不帮助
Tom will never let you down, you can always depend on him to help you.
let alone更别提；不打扰；不惊动
let off放过，宽恕；开（枪），放（炮）；排放
let out放走，释放；泄漏，放出
10．fix sth on/upon sb全神贯注于；凝视
fix one’s eyes on sb.凝视某人
fix one’s thoughts/attention on what one is doing.
Her eyes were fixed on the gun.
二、词义辨析
1．result, effect与influence
（1）result“结果，影响”，指被某一行动、计划或事件带来的直接后果。
（2）effect“结果，影响”，指被某一行动、计划、事件带来的间接后果或某一物产生的效应（动词为affect）。
One of the effects of bad wether is a poor crop.
坏天气的后果之一是庄稼歉收。
influence“影响”，指对周围一切或今后历史等产生的影响或指有影响有势力的人或者有影响的物。
Don’t let me influence your decision.不要让我影响了你的决定。
2．take part in, join, join in与attend
（1）take part in表示参加某种活动，也可表示参加会议，并在活动中起积极作用。
（2）join加入某组织，成为其中一分子。如：
He joined the Party at the age of 20.他20岁入了党。
（3）attend表示出席会议。如：
We ll attend a meeting at 2∶00 p.m.下午两点我们要参加会议。
（4）join in参加某一群人的活动。如：
After school, he joined us in cleaning.放学后，他和我们一起打扫卫生。
三、重点句型
1．They cannot afford to consult a doctor or purchase medicines from a chemist when they get sick, nor can they make sure that their children keep a healthy diet.
当他们生病时，既无钱就医也买不起药品，他们也不能保证他们的孩子有营养全面的饮食。
“neither /nor＋倒装句”，即“neither/nor＋系动词/情态动词/助动词＋主语”表示与前面所陈述的动作或情况有着相同的否定概念。
①前后主语不同，谓语相同，承前省略谓语。
I won’t go to the party, nor/neither will she.
我不会去参加聚会，她也不去。
②前后主语相同，谓语不同，谓语不能省略。
I can’ t speak French, nor do I understand it.
我不会说法语，也不懂法语。
either 表达“也不……”时，用在一个否定句的句末，此句从形式到意义都否定，即在该句中有否定意义的词，
如：
no， nobody, none, no one, not never.
neither/nor用在一个倒装句的句首，该倒装句形式肯定，而意义否定，即助动词/系动词/情态动词不再和否定的词连用。
提点迷津：“neither+倒装句”只能用于两个主语或两种情形的“后者同前者一样不……” ；“nor+倒装句”可以用于两者，也可以用于三者及以上情形或主语。
2．If low?income families cannot afford to purchase medical insurance, as was the case with Wang Lin, other measures to reduce poverty will not succeed.
如果低收入家庭像王林一样无力购买医疗保险的话，其它的脱贫措施也将以失败告终。
As was the case with Wang Lin 像王林那样的情况，作families的定语。
in this/that case倘若这/那样的话
in any case 假使；免得，以防万一
in no case 决不 in the case of 就……来说；至于……
3．Many happy hours had she spent, planning for something nice for him.
她花费了很多时间来为他准备一件好礼物。
此句正常语序为：She had spent many happy hours planning for something nice for him.
spend time/money on sth ./(in)doing sth .花费时间（金钱）干某事。
How much have you spent on this book
He spends all day writing
四、语法复习
虚拟语气（Ⅱ）
（1）虚拟语气在主语从句中的用法
在“It is important( strange, natural, necessary) that…”这类句型里，that所引导的主语从句中的谓语动词常用“should+动词原形”结构，表示某事是“重要”、“奇怪”、“自然”、“必要”等意义。
如：
It is important that every member(should)inform himself of these rules.重要的是每个成员知道这些规则。
It is necessary that he(should) be set there at once.有必要马上派他到那里去。
It is decided (has been decided) that the meeting (should) be postponed till tomorrow.已决定会议延期到明天。
It is very strange that she (should) have left without saying goodbye.她不辞而别。真让人奇怪。
（2）虚拟语气在宾浯从句中的用法
①动词wish后的宾语从句中
表示与现在或过去的事实相反，或对将来的主观愿望，从句通常省略连词that。
1)表示对现在情况的虚拟：从句动词用过去式或过去进行式(be动词一般用were)。
如：
I wish I knew the answer to the question.我希望知道这个问题的答案。(可惜不知道)
I wish it were autumn in Beijing all the year round.但愿北京全年是秋天。(只是愿望。实际根本不可能实现。)
She wishes she were still living with her grandmother.她希望仍和祖母住在一起。(实际不住在起)
2)表示对过去情况的虚拟：从句动词常用“had+过去分词”。
如：
I wish (wished) I hadn t spent so much money.我后悔不该花那么多钱。(实际上已经花掉)
He wishes (wished) he had not lost the chance.他真希望没有失去机会。(事实上机会已失去了，他感到惋惜。)
3)表示对将来的主观愿望：从句动词形式为“would十动词原形”。此时要注意，主句的主语与从句的主语不能相同，因为主句的主语所期望的从句动作能否实现，取决于从句主语的态度或意愿(非动物名词除外)。
如：
I wish it would stop raining.但愿雨能停止。
I wish you would come soon.但愿你立刻来。
suggest(建议), demand, order, propose, insist(坚持), command, request, desire等动词后的宾语从句中
谓语动词用“should+动词原形”，表示建议、要求、命令等。
如：
I suggest that we (should) set off at once.我建议我们马上动身。
I demand that he (should) answer me immediately.我要求他立刻答复我。
The students insisted that they (should) have more English classes.
学生们坚持要多上英语课。
（3）虚拟语气在状语从句中的用法
①在带有even if/even though引导的让步状语从句的主从复合句中
主句和从句都用虚拟语气，动词形式与含有非真实条件句的虚拟语气相同。
如：
Even if Lin Tao were here,I should say the same thing. 即使林涛在这儿，我也要这样说。
Even though he had been ill,he would have gone to his office.即使生了病，他仍去办公室。
注：当从句由though／although引导时，主句常用陈述语气，从句可用也可不用虚拟浯气。
如：
This gave rue some faint hopes of relief, although I were (was) not able to imagine how it could be brought out.这给了我一丝解救的希望，但我想像不出如何实现。
②由as if或as though引导的状语从句表示比较或方式时
从句渭语形式为动词的过去式(be用were)或“had+过去分词”。
如：
He treats me as if I were a stranger.他那样对待我，好像我是陌生人似的。
She talked about the film as if she had really seen it.
她谈论那部影片，就好像她确实看过一样。
注：姐果表示的事情可能会发生，那么方式状语从句中的谓语动词可用陈述语气。
③在in order that或so that引导的目的状语从句中
谓语动词多用“couht/might(有时电用should)+动词原形”。
如：
Mr. Green spoke slowly so that his students could/might hear clearly.
格林先生说得很慢，好让学生听清楚。
They are climbing higher in order that they might/could get a better view.
他们正往更高处爬，以便看得更清楚。
在in case，for fear(that)，lest等引导的从句中，谓语动词用“should+动词原形”。
如：
She took her raincoat with her in case/for fear that/lest she (should) be caught in the rain.她带了雨衣，以免遭雨淋。
【考点透视 考例精析】
[考例1] He got well prepared for the job interview, for he couldn’t risk _______ the good opportunity.
A．to lose B．losing C．to be lost D．being lost
[解析] B 考查惯用法的掌握，risk后接动名词作宾语。
[考例2] I don’t want like ______ I’m speaking ill of anybody, but the manager’s plan is unfair.
A．to sound B．to be sounded C． sounding D．to have sounded
[解析] A 题意为“我不想让别人听起来像在说别人的坏话，但经理的计划太不公平。”want接不定式作宾语，且sound like和主语之间是一种逻辑上的主谓关系。
[考例3] ---- How about eight o’clock outside the cinema
----- That ______ me fine.
A．fits B．meets C．satisfies D．suits
[解析] D suit作vt.有“适合（某人）之意”的意思，与题干的意思吻合。fit指“尺寸大小”的合适；meet是“迎接”；satisfy somebody表示“满足某人欲望”。
[考例4] Look at the trouble I am in. If only I ______ your advice.
A．followed B．would follow C．had followed D．should follow
[本题] C 考查虚拟语气用法，if only“要是……就好了。”题意为“看看我现在的困境！要是我早听你的劝告就好了。”表示与过去事实相反的假设，用过去完成时态。
【基础演练】
一、据首字母（汉语提示）填词，完成句子。
1．When her husband died, she received $ 20,000 i____ __.
2．Half of our i___ ___ goes on rent.
3．He only agreed to leave the country under p____ __.
4．Nothing could p___ __ him (from) going there.
5．She is u__ ____ in having a bad husband.
6．The beggar wore a s___ ___ old hat.
7．What was the o___ ___ of your investigation
8．Are you being a___ __ to
9．The small company is heavily b__ ____ with taxation.
10．While talking to children, remember to s___ ___ your explanation for them.
二、单项选择
1．The store had to _______ a number of clerks because sales were down.
A．lay out B．lay off C． lay aside D． lay down
2．In recent years there has been a ______ increase in teacher’s salary.
A．violent B． wide C． significant D． cautious
3． Remember to _______ with your brother before you decide.
A．consume B． consult C． pretend D． experiment
4．Since the policy of being open to the outside world was put into practice, a ______ change has taken place in China.
A．fundamental B．essential C．elementary D． basic
5．----How about eight o’clock outside the cinema
----That ______ me fine.
A．fits B．meets C．satifies D．suits
6．When John was arrested for drunken driving, he expected to lose his driving licence, but he was ______ with a fine.
A．let through B．let down C． let off D．let out
7．Mr Bally approved ______ the conference.
A．me to attend B． for my attending
C．of me to attend D． of my attending
8．The effect of the drug will ______ affter four hours or so.
A．fall through B．wind up C．end up D． wear off
9．This room is partly _______ with a few old armchairs.
A．offered B．given C． afforded D． furnished
10． ______ the bus arrived, forty minutes late.
A．At length B． In the first place
C．As a consequence D． In detail
【能力拓展】
阅读下面短文掌握其大意，然后从短文各题所给的四个选项中选出能填入相应空白处的最佳选项。
We had been told in the village that the road over the mountains was under construction and that it would be impossible to cross the frontier by car. We intended to disbelieve these 1 , since thirty miles of the road bad heen 2 effortlessly and we had come to within sight of the mountain pass. It was then that our confidence was 3 : the road began to get from bad to worse rapidly.
Henry stopped the car and we decided to climb as 4 as the pass on foot to see exactly how bad things were. We found that the track 5 for a couple of miles only; and then the road 6 again. We did not regard a little mud as a serious obstacle (障碍) and considered that the crossing would be quite 7 if we went on carefully. The first five hundred yards or so were sheletred by pieces of rock. We walked along 8 but surely, pleased with ourselves at having proved the villagers 9 . Just as we turned a corner, Henry caught sight of a large stone in his path and tried to 10 it. The car slid to one side and the rear wheels became 11 fast in mud. I got out to lighten the 12 , but the more Henry accelerated (加速), the deeper the wheels 13 into the soil. There was no choice but to dig down to the level of the wheels with our bare 14 . And we were soon covered in mud from head to foot. When the level was 15 , we filled the hole, with loose 16 and I watched anxiously as Henry started up the engine. Stones went 17 everywhere, but the wheels remained 18 in place. I fetched two planks and we put them 19 the wheels and the track. The wheels turned wildly before they gripped (咬紧) the dry planks. After a mometnt the car 20 itself out of the rut (车辙)， and came to a stop.
1． A．notes B．warnings C．dangers D．jokes
2． A．covered B．run C．gone D．driven
3． A．taken up B．torn down C．got off D．broken down
4． A．long B．soon C．possible D．far
5． A．ended B．turned C．extended D．lasted
6． A．continued B．disappeared C．was good D．remained
7． A．comfortable B．pleasant C．easy D．enjoyable
8． A．quickly B．slowly C．bravely D．hurriedly
9． A．fight B．stupid C．helpful D．wrong
10．A．hit B．miss C．avoid D．push
11．A．stuck B．flowing C．stricken D．flying
12．A．wheels B．lights C．road D．engine
13．A．dropped B．fell C．drowned D．sank
14．A．feet B．hands C．arms D．backs
15．A．reached B．raised C．reduced D．supported
16．A．wood B．stones C．sand D．trees
17． A．crashing B．splashing C．sinking D．flying
18． A．still B．loose C．firm D．direct
19． A．between B．among C．in D．outside
20． A．pushed B．pulled C．dragged D．drew
参考答案
高三部分
Units 9~10 (B3)
基础演练
一、1．insurance 2．income 3．pressure 4．prevent 5．unfortunate 6．shabby
7．outcome 8．attended 9． burdened 10．simplify
二、1．B 2．C 3．B 4．A 5．D 6．C 7．D 8．D 9．D 10．A
能力拓展
参考答案及解析：
1—5 BADDC 6—10 ACBDC 11—15 DCDBA 16—20 BDCAB
1．B 我们本打算不想想这些提醒。
2．A 既然我们没费多大力气走了三十里路，而且已经看到山隘了。
3．D break down崩溃，瓦解，垮掉。就在这个时候，我们的自信心没有了；因为路况变糟了。
4．D as far as直到……之外为止，远达。我们决定步行爬山到山口去看看情况到底有多糟。
5．C 小路延伸有二三里。
6．A 然后又是大道。
7．C 如果我们小心前行的话，交叉路口应该较容易通过。
8．B 由上文“if we went on carefully”推测。
9．D 此时，在作者看来，路况并不是非常差，所以认为村民的提醒是错的。
10．C (车)想避开大石头。
11．D 后轮在泥里打滑，所以飞转。
12．C 照亮路。
13．D 根据常识推测车越加速，轮子就越陷进泥里。
14．B 别无他法，只好用手挖(泥土)，直到车轮底。
15．A (挖)到车轮底。
16．B 由下文“Stones went flying everywhere．”推测，是用松散小石子填坑。
17．D 马达启动，车轮转动，小石子四处飞溅。
18．C 车轮还是牢牢地在原地。in place在原来的地方。
19．A 把木板放在车轮和车辙之间。
20．B pull out(车辆、船只等)驶出，划出。
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