课件13张PPT。名词的数和格 名词:用来表示人,事物或抽象概念的词.可数名词: 如: cap, ruler, box, story,baby, bus
不可数名词: 如: water, paper , milk, food,tea, gas
可数名词的复数形式:
一般名词后加“s” . dogs
以“s, x, ch, sh”结尾的名词后加“es”. Watches
以“f” “fe” 结尾的名词,将“f” “fe” 变“ves”.
knife-knives , leaf- leaves
4. 以辅音字母加“y” 结尾的名词,去“y”变“i”加“es”.
city-cities, party-parties, story- stories
5. 以辅音字母加“o”结尾的名词后加“es”. Heroes
名词复数的不规则变化
1. 内部元音发生变化
foot-feet man- men tooth-teeth woman-women mouse-mice
2.词尾发生变化
ox- oxen child- children
3.有个别名词单复数一样
Deer-deer fish-fish sheep-sheep means-means方法 works-works工厂4. 表示某国人的单复数变化
单复数同形
Chinese-Chinese Japanese-Japanese
词尾加-s
German-Germans Russian-Russians
Americans Australians Indians
变man为men
Frenchman- Frenchmen
Englishman- Englishmen不规则的名词复数:
child children
foot feet
tooth teeth
goose geese
Ox oxen
Mouse mice
man men
woman women
policeman policemen
gentleman gentlemen
Englishman Englishmen
Frenchwoman Frenchwomensheep sheep
fish fish
deer deer
aircraft aircraft
Japanese Japanese
Chinese Chinese
people people没有单数的名词:
scissors trousers
cloths glassesGerman Germans
American Americans记住: roof – roofs , chef – chefs , chief - chiefsExercises:
1.把下面名词变为复数:
city
brush
leaf
sheep
goose
German
child
potato
tomatocitiesbrushesleavessheepgeesegermenchildren potatoestomatoes2. 翻译下面的词组:
1.两杯咖啡
2.四快面包
3. 七袋大米
4. 八只鹿
5.一滴油
6.三个男孩two cups of coffeefour pieces of breadseven bags of riceeight deera drop of oilthree boys复合名词的复数变化
把复合词的主体变复数
a son-in-law sons-in-law
a passer-by passers-by
2. 如没有主体名词,则在词尾加-s
a grown-up grown-ups 成年人
a go-between go-betweens中间人
3. 分开写者,通常在第二部分加复数词尾
a boy student boy students
a girl friend girl friends第一部分为man, woman时,两部分都要
变复数
a man teacher / men teachers
a woman doctor/ women doctors不可数名词的数
不可数名次一般没有单数形式,没有复数形式
bread, information, clothing, food, homework, hair, water, paper
表示种类或一定数量时,则可以有复数形式
fish-fishes
一些物质名词和抽象名词变为复数后,其次一发生变化
wood木头-woods树木
sand沙子-sands沙滩
time时间- times次数
air空气- airs神气
good好处- goods商品
custom风俗习惯- customs海关
work工作- works工厂
quarter四分之一—quarters住所
arm胳膊- arms武器
cloth布-clothes衣服名词的格 三种形式
1.由名词末尾加’s构成
2. 由介词of加名词构成
3.双重结构
1。表示有生命的名词,一般在词尾加’s表示所有关系
boy’s football , Tom’s uncle ,
the cat’s food , my father’s shoes
2。表示无生命的名次所有格,一般用of短语表示
a wheel of the car ,
the window of the house ,
the cover of the book ,
a picture of the classroom3. 双重结构
of + ‘s 结构 of +名词性物主代词
a teacher of my brother’s
a friend of hers
a photo of Tom’s (照片上不一定是汤姆本人)
a photo of Tom
some classmates of Lucy’s
Two cousins of Mr zhang’s