动词不定式[下学期]

课件20张PPT。Welcome to our English classPlease be quiet !Please keep the room clean !动词不定式信毅中学　张希成The Infinitive动词不定式 动词不定式在句子中用法灵活，作用很大，是中考中重要的考查项目之一，大家一定要学好吆！肯定式：to + 动词原形
否定式：not to + 动词原形
(to是不定式符号，无意义，有时可以不带)(一) 动词不定式的基本形式词不定动式是一种非谓语动词形式，它没有人称和数的变化，在句子中不能作谓语，但可以作除谓语之外的其它任何句子成分（主语、表语、宾语、宾语补足语、定语和状语）；动词不定式具有名词、形容词和副词的特征，同时还保持动词的某些特点，既可以有自己的宾语和状语，动词不定式和它的宾语和状语构成不定式短语。 （二）动词不定式的特征 　
On the way to school on the way to see a film
I want to borrow a dictionary. Turn to Page32.
Could I speak to Mr. Smith, please?
They began to read and write.
He is used to getting up early.
Help yourself to some fish .
She asked me to speak a little louder.
She found him to be a very good pupil.
If everyone makes a contribution to protecting
the environment, … 你知道 是不定式还是介词?to 不定式之前的to与介词to不同。介词to之后要跟名词、代词或相当于名词的短语作宾语；而不定式to之后必须跟动词原形。介 词to: to+名词/代词/动名词
不定式to: to+动词原形 （三）动词不定式的用法 动词不定式具有名词、形容词和副词的特征，因此在句子中可以作主语、宾语、表语、宾语补足语、定语和状语。1、不定式作主语To see is to believe.
To know something about English is one thing; to know English is quite another.
It’s important to learn English well. 口语中，常用作形式主语，而把真正的主语动词不定式（或短语）后置。常用句型It take sb. some time to do sth.
e.g. It took me two hours to write the letter. It is + adj. + ( for/of sb. )+ to do sth. 如果要说明不定式表示的动作是谁做的，则在不定式前加一个for引起的短语，即不定式的逻辑主语。
e.g. It’s not hard for one to do a bit of good.
在以某些表示人的品质、特征等的形容词（如kind、good、nice、wrong、clever、right等）作表语时，不定式之前常加一个引起的短语，说明不定式指的是谁的情况。
e.g. It’s kind of you to help me.
It’s not polite of him to speak to old people like that.2、不定式作表语It seems to be an interesting book.
Her dream is to be a policeman. 3、不定式作宾语 能跟不定式作宾语的动词（及物）很多，常见的有want, like, wish, hate, hope, prefer, try, ask, start, begin, decide, learn, choose, agree, expect, remember, 等。Vt.(及物动词）+ to do sth.He wanted to borrow my CD player.
His brother is learning to drive.
I hope to speak English well. 动词不定式作宾语其后又有补足语时，常用it作形式宾语，而把不定式后置。
I fond it difficult to learn physics.　4、不定式作宾语补足语 动词不定式位于及物动词的宾语后，补充说明宾语，作补足语。 常用带to的动词不定式作宾语补足语的动词有want, ask, tell, order, get, wish, allow, invite, teach, encourage, beg等。Vt. + sb. + (not) to do sth.The teacher told us to read the text.
Who taught you to play the music.
He asked me not to tell you the news.
His parents didn’t allow him to play. 常用省去to的动词不定式作补足语的动词有：“一感（feel）、二听（hear, listen to）、三让（make, let, have）、四看（look at, see, watch, notice）”Please listen to me sing this song again.
I felt someone open my door.
The boss made the girl work ten hour a day.
You must watch me carefully do everything.动词help之后的不定式既可省to也可不省to。
He often helps (to) clean the room.
Mr. Zhang always helps us (to) learn English.注意：感官动词、使役动词后不定式省to，但变为被动语态时，必须加上to。They are made to work for 12 hours a day.
He was heard to speak in the next room. 感官动词后既可跟省to的不定式作宾补，也可跟现在分词作宾补，其区别是：跟现在分词强调动作的情景（正在进行），跟不定式强调动作的全过程。e.g. I often heard her sing when I walked past her home.
I heard her singing just now.
When I looked out of the window, I saw the boys playing basketball.
O my way home, I saw the accident happen. 注意　　 　　5、不定式作定语 动词不定式作定语时，要放在它所修饰的名词或代词之后，作后置定语。 I want to get something to read during the holiday.
We have a lot work to do .
She is the first person to think of the idea.
There’s nothing for us to worry about. 动词不定式位于不及物动词之后作状语，可作目的、结果、原因状语。 6、不定式作状语She came here to borrow an English book.（目的）
Let’s stop to have a rest.
She is too young to go to school.（结果）
He runs fast enough to catch a horse.
I’m sorry to make you wait here so long.（原因）
We are surprised to see such beautiful animals.（四）学习动词不定式注意 1、疑问词 + 不定式 结构
“疑问词 + 不定式”构成不定式短语在句子中可作主语、宾语、表语，相当于一个名词性从句，常常可用来简化从句。 How to do it is a problem.(=How we should do it.)
I really don’t know what to write about.(=what I should write about)
The trouble is where to put the machine.(=where we should put the machine)
I asked him how to learn English well.(=how I could learn English well) 2、不定式的否定不定式的否定是在不定式之前加上not.He asked me not to make any noise.
Tell him not to play on the street.不可不记3、不定式的被动式 当不定式的逻辑上的主语是不定式所表示的动作的承受者时，不定式一般要用被动形式。 The books are not allowedto be taken out of the room.
This is a day never to be forgotten.
1. He come here _____（visit）his teacher .
2.Why not (use) the computer (help) you .
3. Mary told me _____（phone）her .
4. Li Lei _____（make）the baby _____（stop）crying last night .
5.you’d better (not make) any noise.
6. She said I didn’t call her , but I remembered _____（call）her .
7.The film was worth (see).
8.He was seen (get) into the room.
9. John said he _____（come）to the party the next day .
10. Look at sky ! It _____（rain）soon . 用所给词的正确形式填空Goodbye everyone !2004.11.22.