中考英语语法复习（7,8年级-新目标）[上学期]

英语复习资料：
词类：
1 名词 （n.）：表示人或者事物的名称。
2，形容词 (adj.)：用以修饰名词，表示人或事物的特征。
3，数词 (num.)：表示数量或顺序。
4，代词 (pron.)：用来代替名词，形容词或数词。
5，动词 (v.)：表示动作或状态。
6，副词 (adv.)：用来修饰动词，形容词或其他副词。
7，冠词 (art.)：用在名词前帮助说明名词所指的人或事物。
8，介词 (prep.)： 表示名词、代词等和句中其他词的关系。
9，连词 (conj.)： 用来连接词与词，短语与短语或句与句。
10，感叹词 (int.)：表示说话时的高兴，惊讶等情感，不在句中担任成分。
句子成分：
1， 主语： 主语是谓语讲述的对象，表示所说的“是什么”或“是谁”。一般由名词，代词，不定式或相当于名词的词或短语充当，位于句首。
2， 谓语：谓语用来说明主语“做什么”“是什么”或“怎么样”。 谓语必须是动词。谓语必须在人称和数两方面必须保持一致。而且他在主语后面。
3， 宾语：宾语是动作，行为的对象。一般由名词，代词，不定式或相当于名词的词，短语来充当，他和及物动词一起说明主语“做什么”，位于谓语之后。
4， 定语：定语用来修饰名词或动词。其位置很灵活，凡是有名词、代词的地方都可以有定语。
5， 状语；状语用来修饰动词，形容词或副词。一般表示行为发生的时间，地点，目的，方式、程度等意义。常常由副词，介词短语，不定式或相当于副词的词短语来表示。状语一般放在句末，有时可在句首，或句中。
6， 表语：表语说明主语“是什么”或“怎么样”。一般由名词，形容词，副词，介词，不定式或相当于名词，形容词的词，短语来担任。位于系动词后面。
句子结构；
（1） 简单句 （ 5 种）
1） 主语+ 不及物动词 Eg. He is waiting .
2) 主语+ 及物动词+ 宾语 Eg. He is reading a story .
3） 主语+连系动词+ 表语 Eg. He looks handsome .
（常见的连系动词有: be , look, turn, get ,become ,seem, taste, smell , sound…….后常接形容词、名词，介词短语作表语）
4） 主语+ 及物动词+宾语+ 宾补 Eg. He found it easy . ( 常用形容词作宾补)
5） 主语 + 及物动词+ 间接宾语（人） +直接宾语（物） Eg He is giving me the book.
这样的及物动词有 give/ show / pass …
give sb sth = give sb sth show sb sth = show sth tom sb
pass sb sth = pass sth to sb by sb sth = buy sth for sb .
（ 二） 并列句； 两个简单句由并列连词 ( and, so, because, though/ although , but , or (否则)
not only… but also … ) 等连接。
Eg, Hurry up, or you will be late for school .
It is interesting , but I don’t like it .= Although it is interesting , I don’t like it .
It is raining hard , so I have to stay at home .= Because It is raining hard , I have to stay at home .
though/ although 与but , because 与so 不能同时出现在同一个句子中。
（ 三） 复合句： 两个简单句由连接词 that 和疑问代词（副词） ( what , how . where, who, when , how long ….. 等连接) 。有主，从句之分。 根据从句在句子中的语法结构功能可分为： 主语从句，宾语从句，定语从句，状语从句，表语从句等。
1） 复合句的结构： 主句+ 连接词（疑问词）+ 主语+ 谓语。
Eg, Can you tell me where is the hospital . ( F )
Can you tell me where the hospital is . ( T )
What he likes is I like .
2) 主，从句时态一致。
A ) 当主句用一般现在时时，从句可用任何时态。（根据需要选择）
I want to know where he is studying.
I want to know where he studied last year .
I want to know where he will study next year.
B) 当主句用一般过去时时，从句用相应的过去时态范畴。
He heard that Jim had been to Beijing twice .
C) 在时间，条件状语从句中，当主句用一般将来时时，从句用一般现在时表将来。
I will tell him about it , when he comes back .
If it doesn’t rain , I will go shopping .
句型种类：
1 陈述句 ：
肯定句
否定句
2， 一般疑问句 ： 用yes 和no 来回答的文具。
Do you like apples
Are you going hiking
3. . 选择疑问句： 两个一般疑问句由 or 连接，后一个一般疑问句省略同前一个的相同部分。不能用回答，需根据实际作答。
Are you tired or happy I’m happy .
Did he come by bus or by bike He came by bike .
3， 否定疑问句： 一般疑问句的否定形式。表示一种反问，翻译为“ 难道… “
Eg, Aren’t you a student 难道你不是学生吗？
Yes,( 不), I am （ 我是） No,（是的）,I’m not .（ 我不是）
Can’t he write . 难道他不会写吗？
Yes,（ 不） he can .（ 他能） 。No,(是的) he can’t . ( 他不能) 。
4， 特殊疑问句：（ 对划线提问） 不能用yes 和no 来回答的问句。
结构： 疑问代词（疑问副词）+ 一般疑问句。
Eg. Where do you come from
How did you get there yesterday
5， 祁使句: 表示命令，请求，叮嘱等语气，常省略主语。
结构： a ) 行为动词原形+ ……. Don’t + 行为动词原形+ …..
Read it like this . Don’t read it like this .
b) Be +形容词。
Be quiet ! Don’t be late for school .
c) let + 动词原形
Let him run . Let him not run .
d) No + doing .
No speaking . No talking .
6， 感叹句:表示喜，怒，哀，乐等强烈感情时用感叹句，他分为两种，一种用what 引导，一种以how引导。
结构： What +名词( 形容词+名词) + 陈述句 （ 主语+ 谓语）！
What an honest man he is ! What big apples these are !
What fine weather it is ! What a clever boy Jim is !
How +形容词（ 副词） +陈述句 （ 主语+谓语）！
How hot it is today ! How fast he runs ! How I want to be teacher !
口语表达时常常省略主语和谓语。
How cold ! What a beautiful flower !
7， 反意疑问句 : 在陈述句之后加上一个意思与之相反的简短问句，这种句子叫反意疑问句。
结构： 1， 前一部分为肯定式，后一部分为否定式。
2， 前一部分为否定式，后一部分为肯定式。
He comes from England , doesn’t he
They didn’t go to Beijing last year , did they ( 他们去年没去北京，对吗？)
Yes, they did , （ 不，他们去了）。
No, they didn’t. ( 是， 他们没去)。
3，，陈述部分有表示否定意义的词( never, seldom, hardly, few, little, nothing, nobody, no one , neither , ) 时，其反意疑问句的疑问部分用肯定式。
There is little water in the cup , is there
He never watches TV, does he
4,祈使句的反意疑问句。
Let’s …. ,shall we 其余在句尾用 will you .
Let’s go fishing , shall we Let her go , will you No talking , will you
Don’t be late for class, will you Come here , will you
词性
名词：
可数名词：
可数名词复数的构成：
1，直接在词尾加 “s” book – books
2, 辅音字母加y 结尾时，变y为I 再加es
3, 以 f 或fe结尾变f ,fe为v再加es
4, 以读音/s/ /z / 结尾时在词尾加es .
5, 以o结尾时，tomato ，potato hero, negro 在词尾加 es.
6, 单， 复数同行的有 Chinese ,Japanese ,sheep, deer, people
7, 不规则变化的有： man—men woman – women child—children
foot—feet tooth – teeth
8, 复合名词的复数 a man teacher --- some men teachers
a woman doctor – some women doctors
a boy student --- some boy students son –in-law sons –in –law.
9,有些名词虽然词尾以 s 结尾，但他不是复数。 如： maths , physics, politics, means, Wales.
10, 有些名词只有复数形式。
如： clothes, trousers, pants, glasses(眼镜), scissors（剪刀） compasses.（圆规）
不可数名词：
常见的不可数名词: water , milk , yogurt ,mayonnaise, lettuce tea , chalk, hair, paper, advice, information , news, chalk, rice, bread ………
j既是可数又是不可数名词的词 ：
time fish orange chicken
名词的语法功能：
作主语： The book is on the desk
作宾语： Give the book to me
作表语： He is my friend.
名词的表达：
只修饰可数名词的词： many , few , a few a group of
只修饰不可数名词的词： much little , a little== a bit of == a little bit of
既可修饰可数名词又可修饰不可数名词的词有： some, any , enough , a lot of== lots of == a number of
用数量词表达： a box of pen two boxes of pens
a piece of paper some pieces of paper
不可数名词作主语时，谓语动词用单数。
There is much time for us to finish it.
集体名词：
名词的所有格：
构成： 1，直接在词尾加“s” .
2, 以s 结尾只加
3，表示两者共有时，后一个名词加所有格。
4，表示分别拥有时，每一个名词加所有格。
5，无生命意义的词，用介词of 表示所有格。
6，所有格的用法雷同于名物代和形物代的用法
代词
人称代词：
主格：I you he she it we you they
宾格：me you him her it us you them
主格作主语，在句首。
宾格作宾语，在动词，介词后。
物主代词
形物代：my your his her its our your their
名物代：mine yours his hers its ours yours theirs
形物代作定语，修饰名词。
名物代作主语在句首。
名物代作表语在句尾。
名物代与of 连用作定语。
形物代+ 名词 === 名物代。
反身代词：myself yourself himself herself itself ourselves yourselves themselves 主要用于担任同位语以加强语气，在句中位置较灵活。 可作宾语，表语。多放在介词后，常常掌握以下短语： by oneself all by oneself teach oneself = learn by oneself say to oneself help oneself to enjoy oneself== have a good / nice time == have fun
不定代词: 不能指明代替任何特定名词的代词叫不定代词。
复合不定代词
指示代词
疑问代词
形容词
（1） 形容词的基本用法：
1） 在句子中作定语，修饰限制名词。 Eg. It is a red coat .
2） 在句子中作表语，常常用在连系动词后。Eg. She looks beautiful .
3） 定冠词the + 形容词。常常制一类人。 Eg. The black (黑人) the poor （ 穷人）
（2） 形容词有原级，比较级，最高级之分。
原级：
1） … as +原级+as +… 表示 …….和….. 一样…….
Jim is as tall as Li Lei . He has as many books as I do.
2) …not as (so) +原级+as +… 表示 …….不如…..
Jim is not as / so tall as Bill .
Jim is shorter than Bill.
Bill is taller than Jim.
3） 常用 very, quite , really, 等修饰形容词的原级。
He is very tall.
比较级和最高级
比较级和最高级的构成
1）直接在词尾加 er 和est tall—taller—tallest
2) 以e结尾，在词尾加 r 和st nice---nicer—nicest
3) 辅音字母加 y 结尾时，变 y为I再加 er 和est heavy---heavier---heaviest
4) 双写最后一个字母再加 er 和est big---bigger---biggest
big, red hot wet thin fat
5) 多音节词在词前加 more 和most beautiful ---more beautiful---most beautiful
6) 不规则变化。
good / well – better ---best bad / ill ---worse ---worst
many / much ---more --- most little------less ----least
far --- farther --- farthest far --- further --- furthest
old --- older --- oldest old --- elder ---- eldest
比较级的用法 ：
1） 比较级指两者之间相同部分的比较，常常用连接词 than .
He is taller than I am === He is taller than me .
His room is bigger than mine === His room is bigger than my room .
2) 根据语境理解，运用隐含的比较级。
Yesterday he was ill . But now he is much better .
Which one is bigger , A or B
3) 常常用 a little , a lot , much , even , far , 等修饰比较级。
He is a little taller than Jim .
It is much colder than yesterday .
4) 比较级+ and +比较级 表示 “ 越来越 ……..”
colder and colder hotter and hotter more and more wonderful
5） ……the + 比较级+ 表两者的范围
He is the taller of the twin brothers .
It is the bigger of the two .
6) The +比较级+ 句子 ， the +比较级+句子 表示 “ 越……,就越……
The taller he becomes, the fatter he will be .
6)常常用比较级的形式表示 “ 最……”
He is the tallest in our class .
He is taller than any other student in our class
He is taller than anyone else in our class
He is taller than the other students in our class .
He is taller than the others in our class .
最高级的用法：
1) 形容词的最高级指三者或三者以上之间相同成分的比较，
常常用 “ …… the + 最高级+ 表三者或以上的范围”
He is the tallest of all / of them / of the three.
She is the shortest in our class .
2） 形容词的最高级前有定冠词 the ..
3） … one of the +最高级 + 名词复数 。 表示最……中之一。
Shanghai is one of the biggest cities in the world .
Changjiang River is one of the longest rivers in the world .
副词：
副词的用法： 常常在句中作状语。常常修饰动词，形容词和其他副词。
副词也有原级，比较级，最高级之分，他们的构成和用法与形容词的原级，比较级，最高级用法基本一致。副词的最高级前定冠词 the 可省略。
He can run as fast as I can .
He jumped longer than I
He can run fastest of all .
既是形容词，又是副词的词有：well , early, late , ……
动词：
动词的分类：
行为动词 ： 分为及物动词和不及物动词。 及物动词后可直接接宾语，不及物动词后不能直接接宾语，后需用一定的介词连接。
He can speak English . He is waiting for a bus .
助动词： （ be , do, does, did , doing , done , will , shall , would , should , have , has , had 等）
无词义，只是语法结构功能作用。
Do you go home by bike He should lie down .
连系动词： 常见的连系动词有： feel , be , look , turn , get , become , taste , smell , sound …… .
情态动词： 常见的情态动词有 ( can , could , shall , should , will , would , may , might, must , have to, need 等)
情态动词的用法：1) 情态动词不能单独作谓语动词，后必须加上行为动词原形。
We mustn’t be late for class .
He can dance very well .
2)情态动词无人称和数的变化，但 have to 除外。
She can swim . I have to go . He has to do it right now .
Can & could
1) can & could 用来表示请求和建议，could 语气更委婉。
Can / could you come to my party .
2) can & could 用来指能力， can 指现在的能力，could 指过去的能力。
He can speak a little English now .
He could swim when he was 5 years old .
May
1) may 可以用来表示请求和建议， 多与第一人称搭配。
May I borrow your pen
2) May I / we … No, you mustn’t .
3） may 可以用来谈论现在或将来的可能性。
Where is Tom He may be in the classroom .
I think it may rain tomorrow .
4) may be & maybe
maybe === perhaps 副词，常常用在句首。
Maybe / Perhaps it is in the desk now . === It may be in the desk .
May be 指情态动词 may 加 am, is are 的原形。
He may be at home now .=== Maybe he is at home now .
must 必须 ， 一定 主观因素所导致。
We must study hard . We must obey the school rules .
一般情况下 must === have to .
have to , 必须， 一定， 不得不。客观因素所导致。
It is raining. We have to stay at home .
特殊的情态动词，有人称，时态和数的变化。
He has to do it by himself . We had to leave because we were late .
don’t have to ==== needn’t
need , 需要。
need do sth . need 情态动词。
We need start off. We needn’t start off .
need to do sth need sth need 为行为动词。
We need some help We don’t need any help .
He needs to go by bus . He doesn’t need to go by bus .
动词的时态
时态 现在进行时 一般现在时 一般过去时 一般将来时
意义 现在正在进行的动作。He is running now .当前一段时间正在进行的动作。It is raining these days . 1)现在存在的动作或状态。2）主语具备的性格或能力。经常的或习惯性动作。客观事实或普遍真理。 过去某一时间存在的动作或状态。过去经常的或习惯性动作。 就现在而言，将要发生的动作。也可指计划或打算。
时间状语 Look, listen , now … sometimes, often , usually , every … . 一段时间+ ago .last … yesterday… just now Next… Tomorrow In +一段时间
结构 肯定句：主+ be + 现在分词否定句：主+be+not+现在分词一般疑问句：Be +主+现在分词She is reading .She is not reading .Is she reading A: 用 be动词形式。(be后为形，名，介词)肯定句： 主+ be + … .否定句：主+be+not+… .一般疑问句：Be +主+… .He is a doctor.He is not … Is he … B:用行为动词形式一：主语非三单肯定句：主+动原 + … .否定句：主+do+not+动原… .一般疑问句：Do +主+动原 + …… .一：主语是三单肯定句：主+动三单 + … .否定句：主+does+not+动原… .一般疑问句：Does +主+动原 + …… . A: 用 be动词形式。(be后为形，名，介词)肯定句： 主+ be + … .否定句：主+be+not+… .一般疑问句：Be +主+… .He was here just now .He was not …. .Was he … . B:用行为动词形式肯定句：主+动过去式 + … .否定句：主+did+not+动原… .一般疑问句：Did +主+动原 + …… .I watched TV yesterday I didn’t watch … Did you watch … A: 用will/ shall 肯定句：主+will/shall+动原 + … .否定句：主+will/shall+not+动原… .一般疑问句：Will/Shall +主+动原 + …… .He will come tomorrowHe will not come …Will he come … B: 用be going to 肯定句： 主+ be going to+动原… . .否定句：主+be+not going to+动原… .一般疑问句：Be +主+going to+动原… .She is going to swim tomorrow.She is not going to swim ...Is she going to swim …
They like apples They don’t like ….Do they like … She goes home by car.She doesn’t go … Does she go …
动词三单现的构成：直接在词尾加 s辅音字母+y，变y为I再加 es 以 s ,x , ch , sh , o 结尾时在词尾加 es . 现在分词（动名词）的构成直接在词尾加 ing .不发音e结尾，去e 再加ing 双写最后一字母再加 ing 动词过去式的构成。接在词尾加 ed以e结尾，只加d 辅音字母+y，变y为I再加 ed 4) 双写最后一字母再加 ed 5) 不规则变化。 There be 的将来时：There is going to be … There will be ….
备注 在时间，条件状语从句中主将从现。Be与行为动词原形，三单现不能同时出现。前用助动词do does ,后用动词原形。 请牢记他的结构 be+ 现在分词。Go, come , leave 等可用现在进行时表将来。 请注意过去经常He often went home on foot last year .请记忆不规则变化 Be going to 多制计划，打算。Will /shall 多指意愿。Shall 多与第一人称搭配
动词的形式：
A : 动词原形 （ 不带to 的不定式）。 常常用动词原形的情况：
1） 一般现在时句中，当主语不是第三人称单数时。
We get up at 6:00 every day.
2） 祁使句中。 Peel the apples .
3） 前有助动词（ do ,does ,did , will , shall ,）及情态动词时。
Did you go to Beijing last year
4） 一些固定句式中。
You’d better do sth You’d better not do sth
Why not do sth Why don’t you do sth
( feel, listen to , hear , let, make , have , see, watch , look at , notice ) sb do sth .
help sb do sth
B: 动三单 1）一般现在时句中，当主语是第三人称单数时。
He wants to take it .
C: 现在分词（动名词）常常用现在分词（动名词）的情况：
1） 在现在进行时，过去进行时中谓语动词用 be + 现在分词。
He is watching TV now . He was watching TV at this time of yesterday .
2) 介词后接动词时，要用动名词。
What about swimming Thanks for mending my bike .
3) 在动词 go , come 后构成的短语。
Go fishing/ shopping /hiking /skating /skiing ….
Come fishing / shopping /hiking / skating …..
4) 作定语，表示正在进行的动作。
There is a boy playing basketball on the playground ..
We can see a burning candle .
5) 在动词后：
enjoy doing sth like doing sth finish doing sth mind doing sth practice doing sth feel like doing sth
stop doing sth go on doing sth remember doing sth
forget doing sth
mind sb doing sth
6) ( feel, listen to , hear , let, make , have , see, watch , look at , notice ) sb doing sth .
7) 动名词短语作主语时。谓语动词用单数。
Watching TV too much is bad for your eyes.
Never taking walks is bad .
D:动词不定式 ： （ to + 动词原形）
1） 动词不定式作主语， 常常用形式主语 it .
To eat a balanced diet is important. === It is important to eat a balanced diet .
To help each other is good ===== It’s good to help each other
It’s + 形容词+ to do sth .
It’s + 形容词+for sb to do sth . It’s important for us to learn English well.
It’s + 形容词+of sb to do sth . It’s kind of you to invite me to your party .
2) 动词不定式作状语，表目的。
He comes to see wife .
He talks to a foreigner every day to improve his English
3) 动词不定式作宾语。
结构为： want ( would like , would love , like , love , begin, start ,wish , hope, stop, go on, remember ,forget, hate, … ) to do sth
4) 动词不定式作宾补。
结构为：
want ( would like, would love, like , help, teach, tell, ask , wish invite …. ) sb( not) to do sth
教材知识点：
七年级上 Starter
unit 1, Hello! I’m Amy
问候语：
介绍语：
unit 2 Nice to meet you ! Who’s this / that It’s Kay . What’s this /that It’s letter A
unit 3 What’s this/ that in English It’s a / an … .
Thanks == Thanks a lot == Thanks very much == Thank you == Thank you very much .
Thanks for sth / doing sth Thank you for sth / doing sth
That’s all right = That’s OK= Not at all = You’re welcome === It’s my pleasure ==Never mind
Unit 4 Let’s learn English. Let’s do sth Let’s not do sth
Unit 5 What color ( colour ) is it
Color n. & v. Color it red .
Unit 1 My name is Gina
What’s your / his / her / its name My / His / Her/ Its name is …
I am … He/ She / It is …
first name == given name last name == family name
What’s your phone number
Phone = telephone = call = ring n. & v.
Phone/ telephone /call sb ring sb up give sb a call / phone / telephone /ring
Here’s a call for you .
Unit 2 Is this your pencil
Is this / that your … Yes, it is . No, it isn’t .
Are these / those your … Yes, they are . No, they aren’t.
This / That is …. These/ Those are … .
How do you spell it Can you spell it lost and found Call Jim at 123
Unit 3 This is my sister
Is this / that your … Yes, it is . No, it isn’t .
Are these / those your … Yes, they are . No, they aren’t.
This / That is …. These/ Those are … .
Family tree a photo of my family == my family photo
Unit 4 Where is my backpack
Where is my / your /the … It’s in / on / under / behind /near the… .
Where are my / your /the … They’re in / on / under / behind /near the… .
Take 带去，带走 bring 带来 carry 搬动
There be 结构
There be +某物（人） +某时（地） 某时（地），+ there be + 某物（人）
Be 的选择： 1）be后为单数，不可数名词时用is ; 复数名词时用are .
2) 陈述一系列名次时，看第一个名词。
There be 与 have : have 指某人有，主语是人，表所属关系； there be 指某时，某地有，主语是物，表客观存在。 He has a sister .
There is a book on the desk = On the desk, there is a book = A book is on the desk .
There be 的一般现在时 There is / are ….
There be 的一般过去时 There was/ were …
There be 的一般将来时 There is going to be …. . There will be … .
Unit 5 Do you have a soccer ball
Do you have … === have you got …
That sounds good . a great sports collection play sports == do sports
Have 有 , I have a book .
吃， have supper / breakfast / lunch eat supper / breakfast
让， = let / make
Unit 6 Do you like bananas
Like 像 prep. Do it like that look like be like
喜欢 v. like sth like to do sth like doing sth
like sb to do sth like sb not to do sth
would like would like /love to do == want to do sth == feel like doing sth
would like / lovesb to do == want sb to do sth
I like eggs for breakfast .
Look look see watch read
Listen listen to hear
Unit7 How much are these pants
How much is it === What’s the price of it It’s 7 dollars / 2 yuan .
How much are these pants = What’s the price of these pants They’re ….
Can I help you == What can I do for you
I’ll take it === I’ll get it == I’ll buy it === I’ll have it .
at 2dollars for just 5 yuan come down see for yourself
in all colors in red for girls have a look at== take a look at == look at
Unit 8 When is your birthday
When is your birthday
My birthday is Oct. 10 th . == It’s Oct. 10th . == It’s on Oct. 10th.
My birthday is on the 10th of Dec.
How old are you === What’s your age
I’m 12 == I’m 12 years old. ==I’m a 12-year-old old .
What events do you have speech contest school trip basketball game
An Art Festival Music Festival
Unit 9 Do you want to go to a movie
Do you want to go to a movie Yes, I do .
What kind of movies do you like I like action movies.
go to a movie === go to cinema ==see a film
action movie Beijing Opera on weekends for the same reason
in a word in fact
learn learn a lot about learn from sb
kind 种类 n. a kind of many kinds of all kinds of
kind of=== a little 有点== a little bit of
kind adj. == friendly == nice It’s very kind of you . kindness n.
Unit 10 Can you play the guitar
Can you play the guitar Yes, I can . No, I can’t .
What club do you want to join Music / swimming club
play play the guitar / trumpet … play basketball / chess a school play
play with sb play for play against
draw & paint
be good with sb = get on well with sb join us soon
say : 说。多指（内容，状态，结果） He can say it in English.
Say to sb say + that + 句子
Speak 说。多指（动作，说语言的能力） I can speak Japanese very well.
Speak to sb May I speak to Jim
Tell 告诉 tell sb ( about) sth tell sb ( not) to do sth
Ask 问， 叫， 要求 ask for ask sb ( about ) sth ask sb (not ) to do sth
talk 谈论 talk about sb / sth talk to sb talk with sb
报告 give a talk have a talk
good, well, nice , beautiful , fine , ok ,
school concert Please talk to Zhang for more information
How can we contact you Here’s a card . Please fill it out .
Join (参加组织) take part in === be in （参加活动0
Fill fill out fill (in ) with be filled with
Full be full of
Unit 11, What time do you go to school I go to school at around 7:30
What time === When get up make a schedule take(have) a shower == shower
What a funny time to make lunch ! take the No. 7 bus all night all day
The early morning news on TV/ computer / phone/ radio write soon
Go to school / bed go home go to the classroom go to work make breakfast
Get to school get home a little longer do ( one’s ) homework best wishes
Busy adj. be busy with sth be busy doing sth
Free adj. be free in one’s free time Are you free tomorrow
穿上 put on （动作） wear (状态) be +in + 颜色 （状态）
love sb love to do would love to do would love sb to do
enjoy sth enjoy doing make a survey
start = begin begin to do sth begin with
at the beginning of … about == on
look for find find out
Unit 12 My favorite subject is science
What’s your favorite subject === What / which subject do you like best.
My favorite subject is history ==== I like history best .
On Monday at 12:00 at about/ around 6:00 eat lunch after lunch
I have gymnastics for two hours.
Class 班级 Class 3 同学 == classmates
课 We have 4 classes in the morning. Have a class have an English class
finish finish sth finish doing sth
strict adj. be strict with sb be strict in sth be strict with sb in sth
relax v. relaxing adj. relaxation n.
make make a plane
make sb ( not )do sth make sb doing sth make sb + adj.
keep keep sb/ sth + adj. keep sb / sth + prep. Keep sb /sth doing
keep ( stop ) sb doing sth
Unit 13 Where is your pen pal from be from === come from
Where is Jim from === Where does Jim come from
He is from England ==== He comes from England .
What language does he speak He speaks English
Where does he live He lives in London .
In 1997 / summer / December on Monday / the night of Monday at 5:00
In China / Beijing China is a good place to have fun . only a little
Unit 14 I’m watching TV
Write a letter read a book == read books wait for sb/ sth in the first photo
At school at home at work at the pool in the library
Clean v. clean the classroom
Adj. We must keep the classroom clean every day .
Open v. close v. open adj. closed adj.
Jim and I are playing chess . Jim with Tina is playing chess .
An international school all over the world in the world around the world
In some ways the way to on one’s way to for example such as
And so on school uniforms rap music between … and among
In one’s free time good luck one of the +…
My favorite sports is swimming . wake up wake sb up She’s a tall girl from China.
Go to bed go to sleep fall asleep be asleep
Teach teach sb to do sth teach sb sth
Other 另一个 （代词，形容词）（ 两者） one … the other… some … others….
Another = an other另一个 （代词，形容词）（ 三者） one … the other … another ….
I don’t like this pen . Can you give me another one
Train v. 训练 n. 火车
七年级（下）
Unit 1 Where is the post office
On the left/ right (of…) on sb’s left / right in the middle/center (of…)
In/ at the front of at / in front of at the back of
Between … and across from == opposite to == on the other side of
Next to near to on Green Street in the neighborhood
Turn left/ right go straight go along / up / down garden district / tour
On a bench in the park in the supermarket take a taxi have a good trip
问路： Is there a school near here / in the neighborhood Where is the school
Which is the way to the school How can I get to the school
Can you tell me the way to the school Can you tell me how to get to the school
Can you tell me where the school is / Can you tell me how I can can get to school
指路： go / walk along ( on ,up, down ) the road / street .
take the second turning / crossing on the left/right == turn left/right on the 2nd turning/ crossing
It’s about 500 meters away on your left/ right .
Turn v. turn left / right/ back turn on / off / up/ down
n. It’s one’s turn to do sth take turns to do sth
have fun = have a good /nice time = enjoy oneself
fun n. funny adj.
到达 get to arrive at ( in ) reach be in ( at )
cross v. across prep He is going across the bridge .== He is crossing the bridge .
across （表面） through (中间) past （ 旁边）
He is walking past the windows . The sun is shining through the windows.
Bridge is a good place to have fun .
Unit 2 Why do you like koala bears
What animals do you like What other animals do you like Why
Please be quiet == keep quiet . during the day eat leaves
He relaxes 20 hours every day. An hour half an hour
Unit 3 I’d like a large pizza
What kind of pizza would you like a pepperoni pizza
What size pizza would you like a medium pizza
What woulld you like on the pizza I’d like a pizza with mushrooms on it.
打电话用语：　　May/ could I speak to … Who’s that / it / speaking
This is … Wait a moment. = hold on for a moment
Leave a message take a message
What’s your address 223 Green Street
We have some great specials! Pizza Express 2 great new specials
Order v. order a room n. in the order in order to
As well as
Unit 4 I want to be an actor
What do you do === What are you === What’s your job
I’m a doctor .
Where do you work I work in a factory / on a farm.
What do you want to be I want to be a bank clerk.
Work n.& v. work with sb work for … job n.
Get sth from sb give sb sth == give sth to sb evening newspaper
In the day at night == in the night on the night of Monday
Go out to dinner === go out for dinner in / at a hospital be in the school play
Hard adj. == difficult a hard job hard adv. work hard
As 作为　　 as a student
Unit 5 How was your weekend /
What did you over the weekend I played soccer .
How was your weekend It was pretty good / awful / terrible
Have a party do the reading == do some reading study for a test on the beach
Go to the beach visit my friends clean the room make the bed
A mixture of fun and work for the most kids go to the library
Talk show go for a walk sit on the bench
Cook do the cooking cook sth for sb
No & not He has no dog === He doesn’t have a dog .
He has no dogs === He doesn’t have any dogs .
Unit 6 Where are the jazz CDs
Where are the country CDs Go upstairs and go straight . They’re next to the classical CDs .
What’s your favorite kind of music
Who’s your favorite singer/ group
Go upstairs / downstairs 地点副词: here there home upstairs downstairs
Culture Palace western / eastern culture Section A The Chinese music Hall
Fantastic House back at the gate outside the gate
Unit 7 What does he look like look like (appearance)
What does he look like He has a medium build. His hair is long . He has 2 big eyes .
He is tall with curly hair . he has a beard.
A little bit == a little == kind of a new look
But my mom does . I don't think he is so great .
Winner of the Pop Singer of the Year Award
Unit 8 What is John like be like ( personality )
What’s she like She is funny .
An exchange student application form
Friend n. make friends with sb
Friendly adj. be friendly to sb
Teach v. teach sb sth teach sb to do sth teach oneself
Unit 9 It’s raining !
What’s the weather like === How is the weather What fine weather it is != How fine !
It’s rainy / snowy/ cloudy / sunny /windy / hot /…
How is it going Great !
Rain n. There’s a lot of rain in summer every year.
Rainy adj. It is rainy hard .
Rain v. It is raining now .
Snow n. snow v. snowy adj.
Cloud n. cloudy adj.
名词变形容词在词尾加 y , rain--- riny 双写最后一字母加 y ， sun—sunny
形容词变副词在词尾加 ly careful – carefully 辅音字母加y变 y为I再加 ly happy – happily
CCTV’s Around the world show in Egypt take a photo/ picture == take photos / picture
Take a photo of … take a photo with sb
Ride a camel / horse == ride camels / horses I’m looking at 5 thousand years of history !
Hundred / thousand / million / billion
Hundreds / thousands / millions / billions of …
That sounds terrible / bad / good 1
Unit 10 Where did you go on vacation
Where did you go on vacation I went to the beach .
Stay at home go to summer camp have a picnic visit museum
Go to the mountains go to Central Park great weather too crowded
All day/ night / morning walk back to … Sichuan food the Palace museum
Tian’an Men Square a Beijing Hutong
We had great fun playing in the water . have fun doing
I found a boy crying in the corner . find sb doing sth
I didn’t have any money for a taxi === I had no money for a taxi
Make questions for a vacation questionnaire .
Discuss the best place for a vacation with your froends .
Write a report on / about students’ vacation .
Expensive == dear inexpensive == cheap awful == bad == terrible
Unit 11 What do you think of game shows
What do you think of game shows
I love / like / don’t mind / don’t like / can’t stand them .
Talk / soap / sports /game show 9 o’clock Weekend Talk Healthy Living
Culture-China Chinese cooking in the school magazine
Sports News Animal world English Today
This is what I think . I can’t stand the idea that old people can’t be beautiful .
Cooking is for mom . Reading is for Children . It’s for girls
Put my opinions in the next month’s magazine .
What do you think of … === How do you like … What do you think about …
Mind n. (不可数) =idea == opinion = view （可数） 观点 想法 change one’s mind
v. mind doing sth mind sb doing sth
stand v. stand up v. I can’t stand you !
welcome v. welcome back to Welcome to China
adj. You’re welcome
glass n. 玻璃 Windows are made of glass .
n. 玻璃杯 a glass of milk two glasses of milk glasses (复数)
glasses n. 眼镜 （常常用复数） a pair of glasses 2 pairs of glasses
agree agree with sb agree to do sth
super = great = wonderful = fantastic = pretty good ==terrific
Unit 12 Don’t eat in class
祈使句的表达：
in class have a class in the classroom in the hallways
don’t fight be late for == arrive late for in the cafeteria
What / who /where else Anything/ anyone else
Go out / away come in on school nights too many rules
Be in bed by = after make dinner go to the children’s palace
Wash cloth brush teeth no talking == don’t talk
Ago – later 3 days ago--- 3 days later
Before--- after/by before 10:00 --- after / by 10:00
In front of --- behind in the front of --- at the back of
Never – always I always get up at 6 :00 --- I never get up at 6:00.
Shine The sun is shining brightly .
Culture1 Football
What club does he play for He plays for Manchester United .
What position do you play He is a defender .
In other parts of the world hundreds of fans for many fans
A part of their lives at the time of the Han Dynasty at the age of
Chinese Football Association play professionally Steel Roses
A web site give them our best wishes support them
A member of family member on the school football team
Culture 2 Festival
Who celebrate Thanksgiving Day Americans do .
What do they do
Christmas Day Cherry Blossom Festival Bastille Day Lantern Festival
Halloween New Year’s Day Mid-autumn Day Women’s Day
Mothers’ Day Teachers’ Day National Day on May Day
On the night of Oct. 31st at the beginning of --- at the end of these days
those days pick up inside – outside sth nice to eat
play a trick / joke with /on sb go to church
八年级上
Unit 1 How often do you exercise
What do you usually do on weekends I usually play soccer .
How often do you shop I shop once a week
1)对频率提问用How often .
2)频率的表示： always, almost, usually, often , sometimes, hardly ever, seldom , never .every …
once / twice / three times / four times … a day / week / month / year .
3 or 4 times a week 3 to 6 times a week 3 times two weeks
3)短语： as for junk food a lot of = lots of of course
look after = take care of surf the internet
some / many / most students come/ get / go home from work /school
eating habits a healthy lifestyle 9 hours every day
activity survey study better
4) 知识点：a, shop n. / v. 买东西： go shopping = go to the shop = do the shopping = do some shopping =shop = buy /take / have / get sth == go to the mall
b, once = one time twice == two times
time 1)时间 ： what’s the time now === what time is it now
It’s 7:15. It’s 15 past seven
It’s time to do sth It’s time for sth It’s time for sb to do sth
There’s no / little / much / a little time to do sth
I have no /little /much / a little time to do sth .
At this time of yesterday at the same time at that time
2) 次数： how many times 多少次 two times a week this /that time
sometimes 有时 some times 几次 sometime 某时 （ 将来） some time （ 一些时间）
c, It’s good for sb / sth It’s bad for sb / sth
d, 动名词短语作主语，谓语动词用单数。 Taking walks after supper is good for your health .
e, health n. keep health == be healthy == stay health
healthy adj. Very healthy pretty healthy unhealthy
f, exercise n. 练习 morning exercises eye exercises exercise v.运动
g, help n. We need some help .
help v. help sb do sth == help sb to do sth help sb with sth
helpful adj.
h, try n. let me have a try == let me want ago == let me try
v. try to do sth try not to do sth
try one’s best to do sth === do one’s best to do sth
try out try on
i, different adj. be different from in different classes difference n.
same adj. the same as in the same class same / similar n.
look the same
Tom looks like Jim = Tom and Jim look the same
He likes to do the same things as I do = he likes to do the same things as me .
j, grade n. 年级， 分数， 成绩
k, Here’s the results of … .
The results for … .
Unit 2 What’s the matter with you I have a headache .
1)询问身体：A: What’s the matter with … == What’s the trouble with … ===what’s wrong with …
=== What’s on == What’s up = What happened （你） 怎么拉？
B: I have a headache === I have a sore head == I have a pain in my head
I have got a headache = I have got a sore head = I have got a pain in my head.
There is something wrong with my head .
2)短语：lie down stressed out have a sore … have a cold
have a …ache see a dentist good idea That’s a good idea
too bad have a (good/short) rest I’m not feeling well
hot tea with honey I hope you feel better soon .
traditional Chinese doctor a balance of
too much / many much too at the moment =now =right now
host family some conversation practice .
I’m sorry to hear that .
3) 知识点：
a, matter n. What’s the matter matter v. It doesn’t matter
b, tooth (pl.) teeth
c, lie lay lain lying ( 躺，卧)
d, rest v. Let’s rest.
rest n. Let’s have a rest .
e, should 应当/该 You should lie down .
shouldn’t 不必 You shouldn’t run === You’d better not run .
f, ill adj. == sick adj. 生病的 illness n.== disease n . == sickness 疾病
patient n. 病人
g, early adj. adv. late be late for == arrive late for
h, tradition n. traditional adj.
I, until == till 直到……之时 ； 在……之前 用于肯定句中时，谓语动词用延续性动词。
I often watch TV until 12:00.
not… until 直到……才 谓语动词用非延续性动词。
I didn’t go to bed until I finished my homework yesterday.
J, improve 提高 improve on 在……方面提高。
K, angry adj. be ( get / become )angry with sb be angry at sth
L, believe v. believe that + 句子
M, It’s +adj. + to do sth It’s +adj. for sb to do sth It’s +adj. of sb to do sth
N, I have a lot of headaches.
O, practice v. practice doing sth
Unit 3 What are you doing for vacation
1) What are you doing for vacation I’m visiting my uncle ( 谈论计划， 打算等)
2） 短语： go camping /bike riding / sightseeing /swimming / fishing /shopping /…
go to … go away take a walk == take walks take a photo == take photos rent videos on Monday on a cold morning on Monday morning this summer think about decide on in Europe something different have a very relaxing vacation too long / short
at night == in the night can’t wait have a good time =have a nice time = enjoy oneself get / go / come back to = return +地点 in the countryside the Great Wall
the Great lakes next week last week this week
th first week in June take a vacation = have a vacation
take a look at = have a look at == look at
3) 知识点：
a, plan n. & v . plan to do sth
b, be at home = be in =be not away = stay at home
c, How long 多长 How long is the classroom
How long 多久（常常对 for +一段时间， since +过去时间点 提问）
I sleep for 9 hours every night. How long do you sleep every night
D, How soon 多久（ 将来时间 常常对 in +一段时间，）
He will come back in a week How soon will he come back
E, decide v. decide to do sth decide on
F, frorget forgot forgotten forgetting forget to do sth forget doing sth
remember remember to do sth remember doing sth
g, visit n. be on a visit to He is on a visit to Shanghai visitor=tourist=traveller
v. He is visiting Shanghai .
h, Where did you go on vacation What are you doing for vacation
i. I am going shopping on next Friday ( F) I am going shopping next Friday ( T)
时间前有修饰词 next, last ,this 时，前无介词 on .
j, what / how about + n. / v.ing
What about fishing How about bananas
K, show v. show sb sth === show sth to sb
n. be on show
l, interesting / boring / exciting /… （以ing形式结尾的形容词常常修饰物）
interested / bored / excited /… （以ed形式结尾的形容词常常修饰人）
This play is very interesting. I am very interested in it .
Sb be / become interested in …
M, famous be famous for be famous as
N, leave left 离开 leave home / school leave for 起程前往……
left right on the left / right .
leave 留下 He left his book at home yesterday .
o, It takes (took ) + time ( money ) for sb to do sth
sb spend + time ( money ) on sth
sb spend + time (money ) in doing sth
sb pay + time (money) for sth / soing sth
sth cost sb + time ( money )
p, hope v. hope to do sth hope that …
wish n. & v. wish to do sth wish sb to do sth wish that …
Best wishes for you
Q, finish finish + n. finish doing sth
R, ask ask for ask sb (about ) sth ask sb ( not) to do sth
S, too I like English , too. As well as
either
also .
-- He went to school by bus last week. --- Me. Too. / So did I
Unit 4 How do you get to school I take the bus to school.
How do you go to school I go to school by bus.
How do you come to school
How long does it take from… to … It takes about… minutes/hours/seconds from … to … .
How far is it from … to… It’s about … meters/kilometers / miles from… to … .
Take the bus / train/ subway / ship / taxi take a walk ride a bike
By bus/ train / sea/ship /bike /taxi /plane on foot on a bike / bus /train in a car
Have a quick breakfast the early bus the bus ride at the bus stop /station
In North America on the school bus in other part of the world
Depend on not all the students a small number of
Be ill in hospital don’t worry == don’t worried
And in places where there are rivers and lakes like Hongshanhu .
That must be a lot more fin than taking a bus .
Mean v.意思 What does it mean === What do you mean by it == What’s it meaning
Means n. 方式
Not all the students === some students （表半否定） No students （ 表全否定）
Ride v. ride a bike / camel / horse ride n. the bus ride
A number of … 许多 作主语时谓语动词用复数。
A number of the students are at school on Sunday
The number of …. 数量 ， 作主语时谓语动词用单数。
The number of the students is 300.
Where do you live Which city do you live in live in Beijing live on the 15th floor
Worry v. worry about sb /sth Don’t worry
Worried adj. be worried about sb / sth
He worried about his son yesterday. === He was worried about his son yesterday.
Unit 5 can you come to my party
Can you come to my party Yes, I’d love /like to .
Sorry , I can’t . / I’m sorry I can’t. I have to … . I’m going to … .
Have a piano lesson help my parents too much homework
Thanks for asking == Thanks for your invitation . Maybe another /next time
Come and join us ! go to a party / concert a really busy weekend
Go to the dentist the day after tomorrow the day before yesterday
Thank you for your invitation to visit next e over to
The whole day === all the day
Sorry be sorry for /about
be sorry that …
be sorry to do sth I’m sorry to hear that .
Sure be sure to do sth I’m sure I’m not sure
be sure that …
afraid be afraid of … I’m afraid not .
be afraid to do sth
be afraid that …
表示请求，建议。
Can / could / will / would you do sth May / shall I do sth
Would you like /love to do sth
Why not do sth Why don’t you do sth
Shall we do sth Let’s do sth . You’d better (not) do sth .
What / how abou doing sth
回答： Yes / sure , I’d love/ like to No, thanks .
invite v. invite sb to + 地点 invite sb to do sth
lesson lesson 3 == the third lesson have a lesson give sb a lesson
What’s today It’s Monday Dec.7th
What day is it today It’s Monday .
What’s the date today It’s Dec. 7th .
Unit 6 I’m more outgoing than my sister . (比较级)
Be good at == do well in calm == quiet wild == outgoing
Schoolwork == project as… as not as… as… == not so … as…
I like to have friends who are like me .
He likes to do the same things as I do == He likes to do the same thing as me .
We both == both of us we all == all of us
Both 都，指两者 both of … both … and …
All 都，指三者或以上 all of …
We both like apples == Both of us like apples .
However & but I’m quiet. However, I have many friends .
I’m quiet, but I have many friends .
The opposite of short is long . swimming pool begin/start with
All together
Unit 7 How do you make a banana smoothie
First … next … next … then … Finally
First == at first finally == at last == in the end add … to …
Cut up put … in(into )… pour … in ( into ) …
Turn on turn off turn down turn up
Peel the apples . Turn the blender for 3 minutes. Mix it all up
Here’s a recipe for a great turkey sandwich .
Chicken slices slice == piece a slice/piece of bread
动词+ 副词 短语 代词只能放在中间 eg. Cut them up . turn it on
名词放中间或后面。 Turn the light on === turn on the light