主谓一致语法讲解[下学期]
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主谓一致:主语和谓语动词之间,即主语的人称和单复数形式决定着谓语动词对应的形式。
主谓一致主要有以下几种情况：
语法一致原则
1. and连接两个或两个以上单数名词或者代词作主语的时候,谓语动词有以下两种情况：
(1) 如果指两个或两个以上不同的人或事物的时候,谓语动词用复数。如：
He and I are both students of this school. 我和他都是这个学校的学生。
(2) 但如果连接两个以上的名词指的是同一个人或物, 或指同一概念时, 谓语要用单数。
The singer and dancer is going to give us a performance.那歌唱家兼舞蹈演员给我们表演。
The knife and fork is on the table. 刀叉在桌子上。
2. 如果主语是不定式, 动词ing形式或主语从句的时候,谓语动词用单数。
What he is doing seems very important. 他正在做的事情看起来很重要。
Collecting stamps is his hobby. 收集邮票是他的爱好。
3. 定语从句关系代词who, which, that在从句中作主语，要与先行词的人称和数保持一致。
Those who enjoy singing may join us.
Tom, who is your friend, should help you.
4. with, along with, together with, as well as, besides, like, without, except, but, including 如果句子中有这些连接词和主语连用,谓语动词的数随主语的变化而变化。例如：
The teacher, together with his students, is planting trees in the street.
Mary, like many girls, loves dancing. 玛丽和其他女孩一样喜欢跳舞。
No one except (but) me knows about it. 除了我没有人知道这件事情。
All the students, including Tom, are leaving. 包括汤姆在内的所有学生都要走了。
就近原则 either ... or; neither ... nor; not only ... but also, whether...or在句子中连接主语的时候或者在there be句型中,谓语动词要和就近的主语保持一致。
Neither you nor I am wrong.
There is a cup of tea and some apples on the table.
概念一致原则 谓语动词和主语一致取决于实际意义。有的主语名词在形式上是单数, 但在意义上却是复数；有的主语名词在形式上是复数, 但在意义上却是单数。
1. 不定代词all, more, some, any, none作主语,谓语动词视情况而定。
All of the apples are rotten. 所有的苹果都烂了。
All of the apple is rotten. 整个苹果
None of the money is left.没有剩下一点钱。
None of the students were there.没有学生在那
2. the rest of; half of; part of; majority of; percent of; one third of在句子中加名词作主语的时候,谓语动词与of后面的名词保持一致。
Half of the students have finished their composition. 一半的学生已经完成了他们的作文。
Half of the apple is bad. 一半的苹果坏了
About 60 percent of the students in our school are boys. 百分之六十的工作已经做完了。
3. 集合名词作主语, 动词可用单数, 也可以用复数。主要由句子的意思决定。强调整体谓语动词用单数；指全体人员时, 动词则用复数。常见的集合名词有public, family, class, crowd, population, team, group。
4. 某些名词如people, police, cattle等,形式上是单数, 但意义上是复数, 谓语动词应用复数。people指“民族”时是例外。
The police are searching for a thief.
The cattle are eating grass on the hill.
5. 复合不定代词作主语, 谓语动词要用单数，如someone ,somebody, something, anybody, anyone, anything, everybody, everyone, everything, nobody, no one, nothing。
Someone is asking for you.有人找你
Nothing is found in the room.在屋子里什么也没找到。
6. 某些名词如clothes, trousers, shoes, glasses等, 通常只用其复数形式, 但当它们被a pair of 修饰时, 谓语动词用单数。
如:The pair of shoes is worn out. 这双鞋破了。|
The shoes are worn out. 鞋子破了。
7．某些名词以s结尾如maths, politics, physics, news, plastics 等，谓语动词应用单数。
Physics is a very interesting subject. 物理是一门很有趣的学科。
8. every... and every ...; each ... and each ...; no ... and no ... 在以上短语中and连接的单数名词, 整个短语在句中作主语时, 谓语动词常使用单数。
Every boy and every girl in the class is diligent. 班级中的每个男孩女孩都很用功。
No sound and no voice is heard. 听不到任何声音。
9. 以a number of 作主语时, 谓动用复数; 以the number of 作主语事, 谓语动词用单数。
A number of new books are on the desk.
The number of students in you class is 50.
10. 有些名词的单数和复数形式一样, 作主语的时候, 其谓语动词由上下文决定, 这一类名词有: means, works, deer, fish, sheep, Chinese, Japanese等。例：
Not every means is useful. 不是每种方法都好使。
Not all means are useful. 不是所有的方法都好使。
11. many a, more than one, one and a half与单数名词组成的短语, 谓语用单数。
Many a boy has seen it. 许多孩子都看到了。
12. 书刊名、时间、距离、价格、度量衡等的复数名词作主语时, 谓语动词常用单数。
Thirty years is not a long time.
Roots is a famous American novel.
主谓一致主要有以下几种情况：
语法一致原则
1. and连接两个或两个以上单数名词或者代词作主语的时候,谓语动词有以下两种情况：
(1) 如果指两个或两个以上不同的人或事物的时候,谓语动词用复数。如：
He and I are both students of this school. 我和他都是这个学校的学生。
(2) 但如果连接两个以上的名词指的是同一个人或物, 或指同一概念时, 谓语要用单数。
The singer and dancer is going to give us a performance.那歌唱家兼舞蹈演员给我们表演。
The knife and fork is on the table. 刀叉在桌子上。
2. 如果主语是不定式, 动词ing形式或主语从句的时候,谓语动词用单数。
What he is doing seems very important. 他正在做的事情看起来很重要。
Collecting stamps is his hobby. 收集邮票是他的爱好。
3. 定语从句关系代词who, which, that在从句中作主语，要与先行词的人称和数保持一致。
Those who enjoy singing may join us.
Tom, who is your friend, should help you.
4. with, along with, together with, as well as, besides, like, without, except, but, including 如果句子中有这些连接词和主语连用,谓语动词的数随主语的变化而变化。例如：
The teacher, together with his students, is planting trees in the street.
Mary, like many girls, loves dancing. 玛丽和其他女孩一样喜欢跳舞。
No one except (but) me knows about it. 除了我没有人知道这件事情。
All the students, including Tom, are leaving. 包括汤姆在内的所有学生都要走了。
就近原则 either ... or; neither ... nor; not only ... but also, whether...or在句子中连接主语的时候或者在there be句型中,谓语动词要和就近的主语保持一致。
Neither you nor I am wrong.
There is a cup of tea and some apples on the table.
概念一致原则 谓语动词和主语一致取决于实际意义。有的主语名词在形式上是单数, 但在意义上却是复数；有的主语名词在形式上是复数, 但在意义上却是单数。
1. 不定代词all, more, some, any, none作主语,谓语动词视情况而定。
All of the apples are rotten. 所有的苹果都烂了。
All of the apple is rotten. 整个苹果
None of the money is left.没有剩下一点钱。
None of the students were there.没有学生在那
2. the rest of; half of; part of; majority of; percent of; one third of在句子中加名词作主语的时候,谓语动词与of后面的名词保持一致。
Half of the students have finished their composition. 一半的学生已经完成了他们的作文。
Half of the apple is bad. 一半的苹果坏了
About 60 percent of the students in our school are boys. 百分之六十的工作已经做完了。
3. 集合名词作主语, 动词可用单数, 也可以用复数。主要由句子的意思决定。强调整体谓语动词用单数；指全体人员时, 动词则用复数。常见的集合名词有public, family, class, crowd, population, team, group。
4. 某些名词如people, police, cattle等,形式上是单数, 但意义上是复数, 谓语动词应用复数。people指“民族”时是例外。
The police are searching for a thief.
The cattle are eating grass on the hill.
5. 复合不定代词作主语, 谓语动词要用单数，如someone ,somebody, something, anybody, anyone, anything, everybody, everyone, everything, nobody, no one, nothing。
Someone is asking for you.有人找你
Nothing is found in the room.在屋子里什么也没找到。
6. 某些名词如clothes, trousers, shoes, glasses等, 通常只用其复数形式, 但当它们被a pair of 修饰时, 谓语动词用单数。
如:The pair of shoes is worn out. 这双鞋破了。|
The shoes are worn out. 鞋子破了。
7．某些名词以s结尾如maths, politics, physics, news, plastics 等，谓语动词应用单数。
Physics is a very interesting subject. 物理是一门很有趣的学科。
8. every... and every ...; each ... and each ...; no ... and no ... 在以上短语中and连接的单数名词, 整个短语在句中作主语时, 谓语动词常使用单数。
Every boy and every girl in the class is diligent. 班级中的每个男孩女孩都很用功。
No sound and no voice is heard. 听不到任何声音。
9. 以a number of 作主语时, 谓动用复数; 以the number of 作主语事, 谓语动词用单数。
A number of new books are on the desk.
The number of students in you class is 50.
10. 有些名词的单数和复数形式一样, 作主语的时候, 其谓语动词由上下文决定, 这一类名词有: means, works, deer, fish, sheep, Chinese, Japanese等。例：
Not every means is useful. 不是每种方法都好使。
Not all means are useful. 不是所有的方法都好使。
11. many a, more than one, one and a half与单数名词组成的短语, 谓语用单数。
Many a boy has seen it. 许多孩子都看到了。
12. 书刊名、时间、距离、价格、度量衡等的复数名词作主语时, 谓语动词常用单数。
Thirty years is not a long time.
Roots is a famous American novel.