主谓一致基础复习要点[上学期]
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主谓一致基础复习要点
英语句子中，主语的“人称”和“数量”决定谓语的单复数形式。
主谓一致遵循的3个基本原则 语法一致、意义一致、就近一致
语法一致原则：(表格一)
语法一致① 语法一致，即谓语动词的单复数要与主语的单复数形式对应；
1. 主语的“人称”决定谓语动词的形式。 第一人称、第二人称和第三人称复数要跟复数谓语形式。 I love / She loves music. Are you a worker The children are taken good care of. They have gone to Chengdu.
2. 主语的“数”决定谓语动词的形式。英语中，一般认为>1 时为复数，≤1时为单数。可数名词单数、单数代词（第三人称单数）、不定式（短语）、动名词（短语）或从句等作主语，用单数谓语形式。专用名词“书名、剧名、报刊名、国家名”等通常作单数用。复数可数名词、复数代词一般接复数谓语形式。(注意:一些以-s结尾的单数名词：news, means, mathematics, politics, physics等, 它们不一定是复数形式) The work is important. To serve the country is our duty. How and why he left was a sad story. 他离开的经过和原因是一段伤心的经历The United States was founded in 1776. The Arabian Nights is very interesting . 《天方夜谭》很有趣。
3. 不可数名词作主语，用单数谓语形式。但当不可数名词前有表示数量的复数名词时，谓语动词用复数形式。a great deal of , a large amount of修饰不可数名词，其短语作主语时，谓语动词通常用单数；但large amounts of修饰不可数名词，其短语作主语时，谓语动词通常用复数。 There is much water in the thermos.Ten thousand tons of coal were produced last year.A large amount of(A great deal of)damage was done in a very short time. Large amounts of money were spent on the bridge.
4.不定代词"each, one, much, (a)little, either, neither, another, the other(+单名)"等作主语时常作单数用。它们所修饰的主语也作单数。下列复合不定代词一般作单数用：someone, somebody, something, anybody, anyone, anything, everybody, everyone, everything, nobody, no one, nothing等。下列不定代词作复数用：（a）few, many, several, both等。注意 each: 两个名词前分别有定冠词变成复数概念时，each放在它们后面作同位语，谓语用复数。 Each of the girls (Each girl) has a new hat. Neither plan suits me. Neither of the plans suits / suit me. Is everybody here There was nothing special then. Few (of the guests ) were familiar to us . Both / Both (of ) these are interesting . The boy and the girl each have their toys. The driver and his passenger were each fined five dollars.
5. 一些有两个部分构成的名词表示衣物或工具作主语时，谓语动词通常用复数形式，如：glasses, clothes, trousers, shoes, compasses, chopsticks, scissors等。但如果主语用“a kind of, a pair of , a series of等加名词”构成时，谓语动词一般用单数形式。 如：A pair of shoes was on the desk.
6. 指商店、工厂、住宅等名词的所有格之后的名词被省略后作主语时，动词一般用单数。常见的省略名词有：the baker’s, the barber’s, the carpenter’s, the Zhang’s等。表示店铺的名词，一般作集体名词看待，但用作主语时，谓语动词往往用复数。(本部分内容了解即可) The doctor’s is across the street. My uncle’s is not far from here. Richardson’s have a lot of goods to sell.
7. 主语前加表示“单位、度量”的短语如“a kind (sort / type / form /pair /cup /glass /piece / load / block / box / handful / quantity / ton / metre /… )of”等时，表示“单位、度量”的这个名词的单复数决定谓语形式。但是: this kind of book =a book of this kind（这种书），其谓语动词用单数； this kind of men的谓语动词用单数，men of this kind和these kind of men的谓语动词用复数，all kinds of后跟复数名词，谓语动词用复数形式。 Large quantities of water are needed. This kind of apple is sweet. This kind of apples is (are) sweet. These kind(s) of apple(s) are sweet. (总作复数用）但:Apples of this kind are sweet. （总作复数用）this kind of men =men of this kind =these kind of men(口语)（这一类人），This kind of men is dangerous. Men of this kind are dangerous.
语法一致原则：(表格二)
语法一致② 8. many a + 单名 + 单数谓语a good (great ) many + 复名 + 复数谓语。a / an + 单名+ or two + 单数谓语one or two + 复名 + 复数谓语。a / an + 单名+ and a half + 单数谓语one and a half +复名 + 复数谓语。more than one + 单名 + 单数谓语。more + 复名+ than one + 复数谓语。more than two (three,…)+复名 + 复数谓语。 Many a fine man has died for it. A great many parents were present at the meeting. Only a word or two is needed. 只需说一两句。One or two reasons were suggested. 提出一两条理由。A year and a half has passed. One and a half tons of rice are sold. More than one person was absent. (不止一个人) More than 100 students have attended the concert . More students than one have been there . (不止一个学生)
9. one of + 复数名词 + 定语从句:A. 定语从句的先行词通常是这个“复数名词”，因此从句的谓语用复数形式。B. 若“one”前加“this, the ,the only ”等时，定语从句的关系词指代one，作从句主语时，接单数谓语。 This is one of the best novels that have appeared this year . He was one of the boys who were praised. He was the only one of the boys who was praised.
10. 主语后接“with, without, along with, together with, as well as, as much as， but, besides, except, in addition to， added to, including, like, no less than, rather than, more than…”等构成的短语修饰成分时：谓语仍须与这类短语前的“主语”一致。 A woman with two children has come. I as well as they am ready to help you. No one except his own supporters agrees with him.
11. 以“and ”或“both… and”连接的并列主语：通常作复数用。但如果并列主语指的是“同一个”人（事、物、抽象概念），作单数用。另外，“and”前、后的单数词语都有“each, every ,many ,a ,no”等修饰时，仍作单数用。“名词＋and＋not＋名词”或者“名词，＋not＋名词”组成的主语，其谓语动词的人称和数应与前面的名词一致。不同人称同位，谓语动词与第一个人称一致。 Plastics and rubber never rot. 塑料和橡胶从不腐烂。What he says and what he does do not agree. Both Tom and I are fond of medicine. The worker and writer has come. 这位工人作家来了。A cart and horse was seen in the distance.(有一套马车。)Truth and honesty is the best policy. The girl’s teacher and friend is a young doctor. To love and to be loved is great happiness. A knife and fork is on the table. Every boy and every girl enjoys equal rights here.No teacher and no student is excused from taking part in the activity. 没有哪个教师或学生可以免于参加这项活动。All work and no play makes Jack a dull.The farmer and not the city dweller is hurt when food prices fall． I，not you，am to blame．（＝I am to blame，not you．）I，your teacher，have granted you a request．Not you but I am wrong. (区别：All but I are wrong. )
就近一致原则：
就近一致 就近一致，即谓语动词的单复数与最靠近它的名词或代词在“人称”和“数”上的一致。
1. 如果句子是由here, there引导，而主语又不止一个时，谓语通常和最邻近的主语一致。如：there be 句型的主语是一系列事物时，谓语应与最邻近的主语保持一致。 There is a pen, a knife and several books on the desk..There are twenty boy-students and twenty-three girl-students in the class.Here is a pen, a few envelops and some paper for you.
2.由下列词语连接的并列主语："or ; either …or；nor; neither…or；whether…or；not…but; not only…but also"连接两个主语时，谓语动词与最邻近的主语保持一致。 What he does or what he says does not concern me. Neither you nor I am wrong.Not you but your father is to blame. Not only you hut(also) he is wrong.Either you or she is to go.
3. 在倒装句中：谓语可与后面第一个主语一致。 In the distance was heard the clapping of hands and the shouts of the people. Between the two windows hangs a picture.
意义一致原则：
意义一致 意义一致，即根据主语所表示具体的意义是单数还是复数决定谓语的单复数形式。有时：1）主语形式虽为单数，但意义为复数，谓语动词用复数。 如：The crowd were shouting. 2）主语形式为复数，而意义上却是单数，谓语动词用单数。如：The news was so surprising.
1.在代词what, which, who, whose, none, some, any, more, most, all, most, a lot(of ), lots (of ), half(of), plenty (of), the rest(of), (a)part(of), the remainder(of )（余下的）等词的单复数由其指代的词的单复数决定。下列代词须视其“具体所指”来决定单、复数. Who is your brother Who are League Members.All is right. All are present.All (of the students ) are working hard.All (of the paint ) is fine.Half of the apples are bad.Half of the apple is bad.
2集体名词作主语时，谓语的数要根据主语的意思来决定。用复数形式时，意为这个集体中的各个成员，用单数时表示该个集体。常见的集体名词有：family , class , government , team , group, crew, crowd, company, army , audience(听众), club （俱乐部）, enemy， committee(委员会), staff(员工), public, party, union, couple, population。 His family isn't very large.His family are music lovers.
3有些名词，如variety, number, population, proportion, majority 等有时看作单数，有时看作复数(具体根据它表示的意义确定)。有些集合名词(police , people , cattle 牛群，folk , youth , militia (民兵)，dozen , majority 大多数)作主语，谓语动词常用复数形式。但people 作为民族讲时，谓语动词用单数。 "a number of (许多)/ a variety of (各式各样) "+复数名词，常作复数用。但是，“the number(数目)/ the variety(种类)”+ of + 复数名词，作单数。A number of students in this class are from Sichuan. There are a variety of toys in this shop.The number of students in this college has doubled. The variety of goods in this shop is rich. 这家商店货物品种丰富。A number of books have lent out.The police have caught the murderer.Are there any police around The majority of the students like English.
4. such, the same起指示代词作用时，应根据其所指的内容来决定单、复数。 Such is our plan. Such are his words.
5. "the + 形容词/分词"作主语，若 指“一类”人或事物时，常用作复数用；指“某一个”人，或“抽象的”事物时，作单数用。 The English speak English. The rejected were heaped in the corner. 废品堆在角落里。The deceased was his father. 去世的是他父亲。The agreeable is not always the useful. 好看的不一定中用。The new and progressive always wins over the old. 新生、进步的事物总是要战胜旧的东西。
6. “what等引导的从句”作主语时 大多作单数用。若从句是含复数意义的并列结构、或“表语”是复数时，谓语动词用单数或复数两可。 What we need is more practice. What he says doesn't agree with what he does.What you say and think is /are no business of mine.What he bought was /were some books.
7. 表“时间、距离、金额、度量衡”等的词语，作“整体”看时作单数用，侧重指“若干单位”时作复数用。“分数、百分数”通常依其“具体所指”来决定单、复数。 Twenty years is not a long time. Twenty years have passed since he left. About 40 percent / two-fifths of the books here are worth reading. Only sixty percent / three-fifths of the work was done yesterday.
8. 单、复数同形的词：“works工厂，means方法，series系列，species物种，aircraft飞机，fish, deer, sheep, plastics, manners(礼貌)，Chinese，Japanese” 等名词单、复数同形，要从上下文判断其具体意义来决定单、复数。（但news（消息）是不可数名词，通常只作单数用。） This works was(These works were)built two years ago.这（几）家工厂是两年前修建的。Every means has (All means have) been tried. 各种办法都试过了。
语法一致基础巩固训练试题:
1 Professor Wu, with three lecturers, __ attending a symposium(专题研讨会)in Shanghai on energy now.
A is B are C was D were
2 One and a half hours _______ passed.
A has B are C is D have
3 Many a student ________ going to take part in the exam next month.
A is B is to C are D was
4 What matters________ not winning but participating.
A are B to be C was D is
5 Every possible means ________used to save the panda.
A has been B have been C are D has
6 John is the only one of the students who ________ to France.
A has been B have been C had been D goes
7 Physics _______ very difficult to learn.
A is not B are not C were not D wasn’t
8 The number of the books ______ 500, but a number of them _____of little value.
A is, are B are, are C is, is D are , is
9 Nobody but San and Ann ________ in the lab.
A are B had been C were D is
10 Writing stories and articles _______ what I’m fond of.
A is B were C are D have been
11 Either you or I________ going to attend the meeting.
A is B are C am D will
12 The singer and composer ______coming next Monday.
A is B are C were D was
13 The young ________to be rude to the old in some areas nowadays
A seem B seems C seeming D seemed
14 Lily is one of the students who_______ skating.
A likes B like C liked D liking
15 Neither of the coats _______me well.
A fit B fits C fitted D is fit
16 There ______ plenty of rain in the summer.
A is B are C has D have
17 Three fourths of the surface of the earth ______ covered with water.
A is B are C has D have
18 Our team ______ a strong team. The team _______friendly to each other.
A is, is B is, are C are, are D are, is
完成后自己核对答案:
Keys: CAADA AAADA CAABB AAB
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主谓一致基础复习要点 第1页 （共4页）
英语句子中，主语的“人称”和“数量”决定谓语的单复数形式。
主谓一致遵循的3个基本原则 语法一致、意义一致、就近一致
语法一致原则：(表格一)
语法一致① 语法一致，即谓语动词的单复数要与主语的单复数形式对应；
1. 主语的“人称”决定谓语动词的形式。 第一人称、第二人称和第三人称复数要跟复数谓语形式。 I love / She loves music. Are you a worker The children are taken good care of. They have gone to Chengdu.
2. 主语的“数”决定谓语动词的形式。英语中，一般认为>1 时为复数，≤1时为单数。可数名词单数、单数代词（第三人称单数）、不定式（短语）、动名词（短语）或从句等作主语，用单数谓语形式。专用名词“书名、剧名、报刊名、国家名”等通常作单数用。复数可数名词、复数代词一般接复数谓语形式。(注意:一些以-s结尾的单数名词：news, means, mathematics, politics, physics等, 它们不一定是复数形式) The work is important. To serve the country is our duty. How and why he left was a sad story. 他离开的经过和原因是一段伤心的经历The United States was founded in 1776. The Arabian Nights is very interesting . 《天方夜谭》很有趣。
3. 不可数名词作主语，用单数谓语形式。但当不可数名词前有表示数量的复数名词时，谓语动词用复数形式。a great deal of , a large amount of修饰不可数名词，其短语作主语时，谓语动词通常用单数；但large amounts of修饰不可数名词，其短语作主语时，谓语动词通常用复数。 There is much water in the thermos.Ten thousand tons of coal were produced last year.A large amount of(A great deal of)damage was done in a very short time. Large amounts of money were spent on the bridge.
4.不定代词"each, one, much, (a)little, either, neither, another, the other(+单名)"等作主语时常作单数用。它们所修饰的主语也作单数。下列复合不定代词一般作单数用：someone, somebody, something, anybody, anyone, anything, everybody, everyone, everything, nobody, no one, nothing等。下列不定代词作复数用：（a）few, many, several, both等。注意 each: 两个名词前分别有定冠词变成复数概念时，each放在它们后面作同位语，谓语用复数。 Each of the girls (Each girl) has a new hat. Neither plan suits me. Neither of the plans suits / suit me. Is everybody here There was nothing special then. Few (of the guests ) were familiar to us . Both / Both (of ) these are interesting . The boy and the girl each have their toys. The driver and his passenger were each fined five dollars.
5. 一些有两个部分构成的名词表示衣物或工具作主语时，谓语动词通常用复数形式，如：glasses, clothes, trousers, shoes, compasses, chopsticks, scissors等。但如果主语用“a kind of, a pair of , a series of等加名词”构成时，谓语动词一般用单数形式。 如：A pair of shoes was on the desk.
6. 指商店、工厂、住宅等名词的所有格之后的名词被省略后作主语时，动词一般用单数。常见的省略名词有：the baker’s, the barber’s, the carpenter’s, the Zhang’s等。表示店铺的名词，一般作集体名词看待，但用作主语时，谓语动词往往用复数。(本部分内容了解即可) The doctor’s is across the street. My uncle’s is not far from here. Richardson’s have a lot of goods to sell.
7. 主语前加表示“单位、度量”的短语如“a kind (sort / type / form /pair /cup /glass /piece / load / block / box / handful / quantity / ton / metre /… )of”等时，表示“单位、度量”的这个名词的单复数决定谓语形式。但是: this kind of book =a book of this kind（这种书），其谓语动词用单数； this kind of men的谓语动词用单数，men of this kind和these kind of men的谓语动词用复数，all kinds of后跟复数名词，谓语动词用复数形式。 Large quantities of water are needed. This kind of apple is sweet. This kind of apples is (are) sweet. These kind(s) of apple(s) are sweet. (总作复数用）但:Apples of this kind are sweet. （总作复数用）this kind of men =men of this kind =these kind of men(口语)（这一类人），This kind of men is dangerous. Men of this kind are dangerous.
语法一致原则：(表格二)
语法一致② 8. many a + 单名 + 单数谓语a good (great ) many + 复名 + 复数谓语。a / an + 单名+ or two + 单数谓语one or two + 复名 + 复数谓语。a / an + 单名+ and a half + 单数谓语one and a half +复名 + 复数谓语。more than one + 单名 + 单数谓语。more + 复名+ than one + 复数谓语。more than two (three,…)+复名 + 复数谓语。 Many a fine man has died for it. A great many parents were present at the meeting. Only a word or two is needed. 只需说一两句。One or two reasons were suggested. 提出一两条理由。A year and a half has passed. One and a half tons of rice are sold. More than one person was absent. (不止一个人) More than 100 students have attended the concert . More students than one have been there . (不止一个学生)
9. one of + 复数名词 + 定语从句:A. 定语从句的先行词通常是这个“复数名词”，因此从句的谓语用复数形式。B. 若“one”前加“this, the ,the only ”等时，定语从句的关系词指代one，作从句主语时，接单数谓语。 This is one of the best novels that have appeared this year . He was one of the boys who were praised. He was the only one of the boys who was praised.
10. 主语后接“with, without, along with, together with, as well as, as much as， but, besides, except, in addition to， added to, including, like, no less than, rather than, more than…”等构成的短语修饰成分时：谓语仍须与这类短语前的“主语”一致。 A woman with two children has come. I as well as they am ready to help you. No one except his own supporters agrees with him.
11. 以“and ”或“both… and”连接的并列主语：通常作复数用。但如果并列主语指的是“同一个”人（事、物、抽象概念），作单数用。另外，“and”前、后的单数词语都有“each, every ,many ,a ,no”等修饰时，仍作单数用。“名词＋and＋not＋名词”或者“名词，＋not＋名词”组成的主语，其谓语动词的人称和数应与前面的名词一致。不同人称同位，谓语动词与第一个人称一致。 Plastics and rubber never rot. 塑料和橡胶从不腐烂。What he says and what he does do not agree. Both Tom and I are fond of medicine. The worker and writer has come. 这位工人作家来了。A cart and horse was seen in the distance.(有一套马车。)Truth and honesty is the best policy. The girl’s teacher and friend is a young doctor. To love and to be loved is great happiness. A knife and fork is on the table. Every boy and every girl enjoys equal rights here.No teacher and no student is excused from taking part in the activity. 没有哪个教师或学生可以免于参加这项活动。All work and no play makes Jack a dull.The farmer and not the city dweller is hurt when food prices fall． I，not you，am to blame．（＝I am to blame，not you．）I，your teacher，have granted you a request．Not you but I am wrong. (区别：All but I are wrong. )
就近一致原则：
就近一致 就近一致，即谓语动词的单复数与最靠近它的名词或代词在“人称”和“数”上的一致。
1. 如果句子是由here, there引导，而主语又不止一个时，谓语通常和最邻近的主语一致。如：there be 句型的主语是一系列事物时，谓语应与最邻近的主语保持一致。 There is a pen, a knife and several books on the desk..There are twenty boy-students and twenty-three girl-students in the class.Here is a pen, a few envelops and some paper for you.
2.由下列词语连接的并列主语："or ; either …or；nor; neither…or；whether…or；not…but; not only…but also"连接两个主语时，谓语动词与最邻近的主语保持一致。 What he does or what he says does not concern me. Neither you nor I am wrong.Not you but your father is to blame. Not only you hut(also) he is wrong.Either you or she is to go.
3. 在倒装句中：谓语可与后面第一个主语一致。 In the distance was heard the clapping of hands and the shouts of the people. Between the two windows hangs a picture.
意义一致原则：
意义一致 意义一致，即根据主语所表示具体的意义是单数还是复数决定谓语的单复数形式。有时：1）主语形式虽为单数，但意义为复数，谓语动词用复数。 如：The crowd were shouting. 2）主语形式为复数，而意义上却是单数，谓语动词用单数。如：The news was so surprising.
1.在代词what, which, who, whose, none, some, any, more, most, all, most, a lot(of ), lots (of ), half(of), plenty (of), the rest(of), (a)part(of), the remainder(of )（余下的）等词的单复数由其指代的词的单复数决定。下列代词须视其“具体所指”来决定单、复数. Who is your brother Who are League Members.All is right. All are present.All (of the students ) are working hard.All (of the paint ) is fine.Half of the apples are bad.Half of the apple is bad.
2集体名词作主语时，谓语的数要根据主语的意思来决定。用复数形式时，意为这个集体中的各个成员，用单数时表示该个集体。常见的集体名词有：family , class , government , team , group, crew, crowd, company, army , audience(听众), club （俱乐部）, enemy， committee(委员会), staff(员工), public, party, union, couple, population。 His family isn't very large.His family are music lovers.
3有些名词，如variety, number, population, proportion, majority 等有时看作单数，有时看作复数(具体根据它表示的意义确定)。有些集合名词(police , people , cattle 牛群，folk , youth , militia (民兵)，dozen , majority 大多数)作主语，谓语动词常用复数形式。但people 作为民族讲时，谓语动词用单数。 "a number of (许多)/ a variety of (各式各样) "+复数名词，常作复数用。但是，“the number(数目)/ the variety(种类)”+ of + 复数名词，作单数。A number of students in this class are from Sichuan. There are a variety of toys in this shop.The number of students in this college has doubled. The variety of goods in this shop is rich. 这家商店货物品种丰富。A number of books have lent out.The police have caught the murderer.Are there any police around The majority of the students like English.
4. such, the same起指示代词作用时，应根据其所指的内容来决定单、复数。 Such is our plan. Such are his words.
5. "the + 形容词/分词"作主语，若 指“一类”人或事物时，常用作复数用；指“某一个”人，或“抽象的”事物时，作单数用。 The English speak English. The rejected were heaped in the corner. 废品堆在角落里。The deceased was his father. 去世的是他父亲。The agreeable is not always the useful. 好看的不一定中用。The new and progressive always wins over the old. 新生、进步的事物总是要战胜旧的东西。
6. “what等引导的从句”作主语时 大多作单数用。若从句是含复数意义的并列结构、或“表语”是复数时，谓语动词用单数或复数两可。 What we need is more practice. What he says doesn't agree with what he does.What you say and think is /are no business of mine.What he bought was /were some books.
7. 表“时间、距离、金额、度量衡”等的词语，作“整体”看时作单数用，侧重指“若干单位”时作复数用。“分数、百分数”通常依其“具体所指”来决定单、复数。 Twenty years is not a long time. Twenty years have passed since he left. About 40 percent / two-fifths of the books here are worth reading. Only sixty percent / three-fifths of the work was done yesterday.
8. 单、复数同形的词：“works工厂，means方法，series系列，species物种，aircraft飞机，fish, deer, sheep, plastics, manners(礼貌)，Chinese，Japanese” 等名词单、复数同形，要从上下文判断其具体意义来决定单、复数。（但news（消息）是不可数名词，通常只作单数用。） This works was(These works were)built two years ago.这（几）家工厂是两年前修建的。Every means has (All means have) been tried. 各种办法都试过了。
语法一致基础巩固训练试题:
1 Professor Wu, with three lecturers, __ attending a symposium(专题研讨会)in Shanghai on energy now.
A is B are C was D were
2 One and a half hours _______ passed.
A has B are C is D have
3 Many a student ________ going to take part in the exam next month.
A is B is to C are D was
4 What matters________ not winning but participating.
A are B to be C was D is
5 Every possible means ________used to save the panda.
A has been B have been C are D has
6 John is the only one of the students who ________ to France.
A has been B have been C had been D goes
7 Physics _______ very difficult to learn.
A is not B are not C were not D wasn’t
8 The number of the books ______ 500, but a number of them _____of little value.
A is, are B are, are C is, is D are , is
9 Nobody but San and Ann ________ in the lab.
A are B had been C were D is
10 Writing stories and articles _______ what I’m fond of.
A is B were C are D have been
11 Either you or I________ going to attend the meeting.
A is B are C am D will
12 The singer and composer ______coming next Monday.
A is B are C were D was
13 The young ________to be rude to the old in some areas nowadays
A seem B seems C seeming D seemed
14 Lily is one of the students who_______ skating.
A likes B like C liked D liking
15 Neither of the coats _______me well.
A fit B fits C fitted D is fit
16 There ______ plenty of rain in the summer.
A is B are C has D have
17 Three fourths of the surface of the earth ______ covered with water.
A is B are C has D have
18 Our team ______ a strong team. The team _______friendly to each other.
A is, is B is, are C are, are D are, is
完成后自己核对答案:
Keys: CAADA AAADA CAABB AAB
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