一．单句改错
下列各句均有一处错误，请改正。
Who put forward to a theory about the black holes
I was inspiring to work harder than ever before.
Such many people died in the Asia tsunami（海啸） that happened at the end of the year 2004.
As the disease was spread quickly in this area, many people fled away.
5. Dangerous driving should be severe punished.
6. They blamed the failure to George.
7. We’ll order some extra corn in addition with our sixty pounds.
8. The schoolboys are more cautiously not to make any mistakes in spelling than ever before.
9. Only when you leave home you feel its importance.
10. My friend rejected my help, to say that he can solve the problem on his own.
答案与解析：
将to去掉，put forward为固定短语，意为“提出”。
将inspiring 改为inspired，意为“我受到鼓舞”。
将Such改为So。在many, much, a few, a little等词前面应该用so。
将was去掉，因为动词spread没有被动语态。
将severe改为severely，这里需要副词做状语。
将介词to改为on。blame… on为固定短语，意为“把……归咎给”。
7. 将with改为to，in addition to意为“除了……之外（还有）”，与besides和apart…from意思相同。
将cautiously改为cautious，这里需要形容词作表语。
将home后加上助动词do，only引导的状语放在开头需用倒装语序。
将to say改为saying，这里需要用v-ing形式作状语。
二．单项选择
1. Please look at the matter purely from the scientific __________.
A. point B. view C. view of point D. point of view
2. Education should ________ students ______ good art and music.
A. expose; for B. expose; on C. expose; to D. expose; with
3. His advice______ me to drink and smoke______.
A. determined; no more B. determine; no more
C. determined; any more D. determines; any longer
---When should we start
---You’d better start ________ you have your breakfast.
A. as soon as B. because C. immediately D. both A and C
---Will you fail in the examination
---_________.
A. Not hope so B. Let’s hope not
C. Let’s hope not to D. Don't hope so
_______that we all went out, lying in the sun.
A. So fine was the weather B. So was the fine weather
C. The weather so fine was D. So the weather was fine
The designs of the new tools should be ________ carefully, so that we can pick out the one which suits our job.
A. examined B. experimented C. tested D. tried
---Where does Mr Black come from
---I’m not sure, but his English _______ Australia.
A. suggests B. listens C. sounds D. hears
Too much work and too _____rest often illness.
A. much；leads to B. little； lead to C. little；leads to D. much；lead to
I can never make ________ a word he says.
A. a sense B. the sense of C. a sense of D. sense of
Keys:
1. D 2. C 3. A 4. D 5. B 6. A 7. A 8. A 9. C 10. D
三．选词填空
instruct point of view theory enthusiastic apart from complete strict put forward absorb lead to valuable scientific make sense contribute link
It is 100 years ago that Albert Einstein 1 his 2 of Relativity. Today we still be 3 by his __4 __about the universe, which still gives us 5 and right __6___to our ___7___research. We should learn from him, because he was always _8__with his work, which _9__his great _10 to mankind. And we should 11 his greatness with our own work. __12 this, we should also be __13__about our study and work. Only in this way can we ___14__ of the universe ___15 .
1. put forward 2. theory 3. absorbed 4. point of view 5. valuable 6. instructions
7. scientific 8. strict 9. led to 10. contribution 11.link 12. Apart from 13. enthusiastic 14. make sense pletely
四．单词拼写：
The coach tried to a_______ the cause of our defeat.
The writer was a_______ in his writing that he forgot to flick the ashes from his cigar.
3. The doctor c______ that the patient's disease was cancer.
4. He c________ his anger and explained that these people were dishonest.
He said quite p__________ that he would come, and we were all surprised when he didn't.
She watched the dancer and tried to copy her m___________.
He was a c__________ investor who studied the market before buying.
He is very kind and ready to c________ food and clothing to the poor.
If too old to work much, the retired worker is very e______ about street affairs.
They were s_______ in their search, looking in all the possible places in order.
Keys:
1. analyse 2. absorbed 3. concluded 4. controlled 5. positively 6. movements
7. cautious 8. contribute 9. enthusiastic 10. scientific必修5第1单元检测题
第一部分：听力测试（共两节，满分30分）
第一节（共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分）
听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。
1. What does the woman mean
A. Waiting on tables is an enjoyable job. B. Frank could find him a job.
C. The man would understand if he had Frank’s job.
2. What is the possible relationship between the two speakers
A. Boss and secretary. B. Caller and operator. C. Guest and host.
3. What does the woman mean
A. She was caught in the rain. B. She’s looking for her raincoat.
C. She wants to close the window.
4. What might the man be
A. A visitor. B. A policeman. C. A waiter.
5. How did the girl get there
A. By bus. B. By bike. C. On foot.
第二节（共15小题；每小题1.5分，满分22.5分）
听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。
听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。
6. What does Bill sometimes do in his room
A. He reads loudly. B. He plays table tennis. C. He plays the violin.
7. What does Susan think of the sound
A. Terrible. B. Good. C. Noisy.
听第7段材料，回答第8至第10题。
8. When will the next plane leave
A. Two hours later. B. Fifteen minutes later. C. Twelve hours later.
9. What will the woman possibly buy
A. A first-class ticket. B. A second-class ticket. C. A next day ticket.
10. What is the gate number
A. 350. B. 50. C. 4.
听第8段材料，回答第11至第13题。
11. What has the woman asked the man to do for her
A. To buy a house. B. To rent a house. C. To look for a house.
12. How much is the first house
A. $200,000. B. $20,000. C. $86,000.
13. Why doesn’t the woman want the second house
A. It’s too expensive. B. It’s not big enough. C. It’s too far away.
听第9段材料，回答第14至第16题。
14. Where does the conversation probably take place
A. In a restaurant. B. In a clinic. C. At a dentist’s.
15. Which of the following is TRUE
A. The patient has been feeling sick for two days.
B. The patient has been using the rest room over five times a day.
C. The patient has not been eaten anything for several days.
16. How is the patient’s temperature
A. A little bit low. B. Normal. C. A little bit high.
听第10段材料，回答第17至第20题。
17. When did the man come into the bank
A. In the morning. B. In the afternoon. C. At noon.
18. What was in the man’s hands
A. A gun. B. A bag. C. A gun and a bag.
19. What did Rose finally do
A. She called the police. B. She laughed loudly. C. She shouted to her colleagues.
20. Why did Rose do so
A. She recognized the man. B. She recognized the gun. C. She was too afraid.
第二部分：英语知识运用（共两节，满分45分）
单项选择（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）
从A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
21. ----Do you know who _______a theory about black holes
----Yes, it is Stephen William Hawking.
A. put away B. put forward C. put down D. put on
22. ----What illness does the patient get
----The doctor that the patient's disease was cancer.
A. arrive a conclusion B. come a conclusion C. draw a conclusion D. take a conclusion
23. Yesterday the firemen the ground carefully, but were not able to find any glass."
A. examined, breaking B. cared, broken C. examined, broken D. cared, breaking
24. We rejected his_________ for a music club, and decided to have an art club instead.
A. point of view B. point of sight C. point of thought D. point of scene
25. We must show our thanks to them because they our affairs during our absence.
A. take part B. joined C. presented D. attended
26. In China, all schools are the Ministry of Education.
A. under the control B. out the control C. for the control D. on the control
27. The writer was his writing and he forgot to flick(轻弹) the ashes from his cigar.
A. absorbed to B. absorbed in C. absorbed on D. absorbed at
28. It’s a pity that the young girl drowned herself after all her hopes were _________.
A. beaten B. defeated C. failed D. realized
29. A ________ traffic accident happened on the highway, but the driver was not ______ for the traffic accident.
A. severe; to be blamed B. severely; to be blamed
C. severe; to blame D. severely; to be blame
30. ____________ gene, intelligence also depends on an right diet, a good education and a nice home environment.
A. In addition to B. Besides C. Apart from D. All above
31. _______ can you expect to get a better pay and even a better position.
A. With hard work B. Although work hard
C. Only with hard work D. Even though he works hard
32. Hard work and proper ways can ________ to success.
A. lead B. lead to C. led D. leading to
33. ----Will you go to attend her party
----No, _________.
A. even though invited to B. because invited
C. if not invited D. unless invited to go
34. Chinese food and clothing to the people in Thailand_________ the Asian Tsunami broke out.
A. saved, as soon as B. contributed, immediately
C. bought, immediately D. made, as soon as
35. The schoolboys are more not to make any mistakes in spelling than ever before.
A. careless B. nervous C. inspiring D. cautious
第二节 完形填空（共20小题；每小题1.5分，满分30分）
阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后从所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项。
Ellen is a young woman who was absorbed by a man in her neighborhood. She often 36 him at the bus stop or at the supermarket. He was tall and dark and 37 a beautiful smile. Ellen 38 spoke to him because she was very shy. She didn't know 39 to say to him.
Ellen is 40 because she lives in Seattle(西雅图). In a Seattle newspaper called The Stranger, there is a 41 section called "I Saw U." It is similar to a personal ads page, where people write in 42 love. But the "I Saw U" section is unique to Seattle. 43 people in their 20s and 30s read it. Anyone who finds his or her name in this section feels very 44 and tells everyone, "Someone saw me! I've been seen!"
The Stranger has about 40 " 45 " advertisements every week. The section is so popular that people 46 wait for months to get their advertisements in the paper. People usually write when they see someone they want to 47 in a coffee shop or on the street. People write things 48 "Who are you " and "Would you like to meet' " Sometimes the messages are sad. They say "I wish I knew your name" 49 "Where are you now "
Finding 50 is difficult for many people. Ellen, who is 26, is a teacher. She doesn't meet many 51 men. She thought about the mysterious man for many months. Finally she decided to 52 an advertisement in the "I Saw U" section. She waited 53 . Then it happened — the young man called her. He said his name was Richard.
Ellen and Richard met in a coffee shop. They talked for a long time, and they 54 each other very much. They dated for several months, and now they are engaged. They 55 say that the "I Saw U" column helped them meet. Ellen says, “I never talk to strangers. I'm so happy I wrote to the ‘I Saw U’ column. I found Richard.”
36. A. looked B. saw C. glared D. stared
37. A. with B. has C. had D. without
38. A. never B. ever C. always D. usually
39. A. how B. when C. where D. what
40. A. poor B. unlucky C. lucky D. rich
41. A. unusually B. especial C. peculiar D. special
42. A. seeing B. watching C. looking for D. finding out
43. A. Much B. Little C. Few D. Many
44. A. sad B. exciting C. excited D. sorry
45. A. I Say U B. Seattle C. supermarket D. marriage
46. A. should B. have to C. ought to D. dare to
47. A. meet B. look C. look after D. take
48. A. as B. to C. like D. except
49. A. and B. but C. as well as D. or
50. A. love B. friendship C. success D. enemy
51. A. married B. single C. foreign D. business
52. A. put B. get C. bring D. lend
53. A. happily B. nervously C. surprisingly D. interesting
54. A. hated B. disliked C. liked D. married
55. A. neither B. nor C. either D. both
第三部分：阅读理解（共10小题；每小题2分，满分20分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项。
A
Stephen William Hawking was born on 8 January 1942 (300 year after the death of Galileo) in Oxford, England. At eleven Stephen went to St Albans School, and then to University College, Oxford, his father’s old college. After three years and not very much work he was awarded a first class honours degree in Natural Science.
Stephen then went on to Cambridge to do research in Cosmology(宇宙论), there being no-one working in that area in Oxford at the time. After gaining his Ph.D. he became first a Research Fellow, and later on a Professorial Fellow at Gonville and Caius College. After leaving the Institute of Astronomy in 1973 Stephen came to the Department of Applied Mathematics and Theoretical Physics, and since 1979 has held the post of Lucasian Professor of Mathematics. The chair was first held by Isaac Barrow, and then in 1663 by Isaac Newton.
Professor Hawking is the recipient(获得者) of many awards, medals and prizes and is a fellow of The Royal Society and a member of the US National Academy of Sciences.
Although one of the finest scientists of all time, Hawkins’s public reputation rests on his best-selling book, A Brief History of Time (1988), and the wasting disease which has confined(限制) him to a wheelchair for many years, then depriving him of the power of speech so that he has to communicate through a computerized voice-synthesizer(声音合成器). It is not clear that he altogether dislikes the attention this has brought; his strong confidence and willingness to challenge current scientific orthodoxy(正统),and his own previously accepted theories, suggest a personality that enjoys the limelight(中心). Harking’s contribution has been to cosmology, in particular the development of the Big Ban Theory
56. We can infer from the passage that ___________.
Stephen Hawking’s father was a farmer who didn’t go to university
Stephen Hawking’s father was a worker who didn’t go to university
Both Stephen Hawking and his father graduated from the same university
Stephen Hawking and his father did not graduate from the same university
57. Which gives the correct order of the events
Stephen went on to Cambridge to do research in Cosmology.
Stephen came to the Department of Applied Mathematics and Theoretical Physics.
Stephen went to St Albans School.
Stephen begin to hold the post of Lucasian Professor of Mathematics
Stephen went to University College, Oxford.
Stephen was awarded a first class honours degree in Natural Science
Stephen became first a Research Fellow
Stephen published his famous book A Brief History of Time.
a-c-e-f-g-b-d-h
c-e-f-a-g-b-d-h
c-e- a-f-g-b-d-h
c-e-f-a-g-b-h-d
58. Which statement is TRUE according to the passage
After Isaac Barrow held the post of Lucasian Professor of Mathematics nearly 300 years Stephen Hawking began to hold it.
After Isaac Newton held the post of Lucasian Professor of Mathematics nearly 300 years Stephen Hawking began to hold it.
Professor Hawking is the recipient of few awards, medals and prizes.
Although Hawking is a disabled person, he become one of the finest scientists of all time.
59. It is ___________ who makes the greatest contribution to the development of the Big Ban Theory.
A. Isaac Barrow B.Isaac Newton.
C. Stephen Hawking B. Albert Einstein
B
The main divisions of science are astronomy, biology, chemistry, geology(地质学), mathematics, medicine, and physics, which deals with types of energy.
Modern scientists use the scientific method. First they observe, or look at, something carefully to find out everything they want to know. Then they make a theory which explains what the thing is made of, or how it works. Then they test the theory with experiments. If the experiments agree with the theory, it becomes a law of science. Sometimes a law is changed when scientists discover new facts about something. Science is always changing.
Scientific studies began in early times. Great advances were made during the first civilizations, especially in ancient Greece and China. Science nearly died out in Europe in the Middle Ages, but during the Renaissance(文艺复兴) scientists began making discoveries that changed the way people thought and lived. This process speeded up during the Industrial Revolution, and scientific research has been increasing ever since.
60. __________ is a science that deals with types of energy.
A. Astronomy B. biology C. Physics D. Chemistry
61. _______________, the theory will become a law of science.
After scientists did the experiments and found their results agreeing with a theory
After scientist put forward a theory
When scientists began to do the experiments
After scientists did the experiments and found their results against a theory
62. Great advances of scientific studies were made in ancient ________, and speeded up during the _______in Europe.
Iraq and India, Middle Ages
China and America, Renaissance
Rome and India, first Civilizations
China and Greece, Industrial Revolution
C
Geology is the study of the Earth itself. Geologists discover what things the Earth is made of, where they are found, and how they got there. Geologists study the chemicals in rocks and minerals. They also try to find out how rocks are formed, and how they are changed by movements beneath the surface of the Earth. Volcanoes and earthquakes give us useful clues about movements deep down underground.
Geologists also study the history of the Earth. They have found rocks 3800 million years old, and fossils showing that evolution began over 3400 million years ago.
Geologists help engineers to choose where to build a road or tunnel. They help miners to find coal, oil or gas beneath the ground. By studying rocks brought back by astronauts they were able to tell us what the Moon is made of.
Geologists study rocks, which tell them about the Earth's structure. There are three kinds of rock: igneous(火成岩), formed when molten rock is pushed up from deep inside the Earth; sedimentary(沉积岩), which is hardened layers of sediment; and metamorphic(变质岩), which is igneous or sedimentary rock that has been changed by heat and pressure inside the Earth.
63. Geologists usually do research on ____________.
chemicals in rocks and minerals
how rocks are changed by movements beneath the surface of the Earth
how rocks are formed and the history of the Earth
All above.
64. How can geologists were able to tell us what the Moon is made of
The geologists usually go to the moon in person and have a study there.
The geologists can study rocks brought back by themselves.
The geologists can study rocks brought back by astronauts.
The geologists can study rocks brought back by visitors.
65. ____________ make up of the Earth’s rocks.
Igneous, sedimentary and the mount rocks
Sedimentary, Igneous and metamorphic
Metamorphic, hard rocks and soft rocks
Common rocks, mount rocks and soft rocks
第四部分：写作（共两节，满分25分）
第一节 短文改错（共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分）
此题要求改正所给短文中的错误。对标有题号的每一行作出判断：如无错误，在该行右边横线上画一个勾（ √ ）；如有错误（每行只有一个错误），则按下列情况改正：该行多一个词，把多余的词用斜线（ / ）划掉，在该行右边横线上写出该词；该行缺一个词，在缺词处加一漏写符号（ ^ ），在该行右边横线上写出该加的词；该行错一个词，在错的词下划一横线，在该行右边横线上写出改正后的词。注意：原行没有错的不要改。
Would you like to spend time travel by balloon 66. ___________
Now thousand of people are interested in this game. 67. ___________
The first balloon trip took the place in France in 1783. 68. ___________
It lasted only 8 minutes. About a year later, an American 69. ___________
and a Frenchman decided to across the channel between 70. ___________
France and England by balloon. On the channel they 71. __________
discovered a hole in the balloon and they became bigger 72. __________
and bigger. The gas which kept the balloon up running away. 73. ___________
The men threw all their belongings into water make the 74. ___________
balloon lighter. At last the balloon started to raise again. 75.___________
第二节：书面表达（满分15分）
某一外商考察组来泰山考察投资环境。你负责接待，请你按以下提示写这个工厂的口头介绍。
历 史 50年历史
位 置 位于泰山脚下，靠京广铁路、京沪京福高速公路，交通便利
规 模 工人800多人，占地3英亩
产 品 旅游纪念品
市 场 全国各地、东南亚
评 价 发展迅速，前景广阔，投资的明智选择
参考词汇：投资：invest 交通：transportation 纪念品：keepsake
第1单元检测题听力录音稿与参考答案
听力录音稿
Text 1
M: Frank is always complaining about his job.
W: Maybe if you tried waiting on tables, you’d see what it’s like.
Text 2
W: May I help you
M: I’d like to place a collect person-to-person call to Mr Allan Rix, please.
Text 3
M: Is it raining out
W: Is it raining Look at my clothes! They’re all wet.
Text 4
W: Excuse me, can you tell me the way to the square
M: Sorry. I’m a stranger here. Why don’t you ask that policeman over there
W: Thank you.
M: You are welcome.
Text 5
M: You are late.
W: I’m sorry. There was a traffic jam on the main road. I had to walk all the way here.
M: Why didn’t you use your bike
W: It’s broken.
Text 6
M: Hello there. I believe you’ve just moved into this building, haven’t you
W: Yes, I’ve just moved into 2-A. My name is Susan Carrie.
M: It’s nice to meet you, Susan. I’m Bill John. I live just above you.
W: Well, it’s nice to meet you, Bill. You play the violin, don’t you I’ve heard music coming from your apartment several times.
M: Oh, I hope I’m not disturbing you. I try to play during the day when most people are at work.
W: You’re not bothering me at all. On the contrary, I enjoy listening to it.
Text 7
W: Excuse me, but could you tell me when the next plane for Berlin leaves
M: The plane leaves every two hours. Let me see. The next one is in 15 minutes, at eleven o’clock.
W: How much is a second-class ticket, please
M: We have only first-class tickets left. It is 350 dollars one way.
W: OK, I’d like one for the next flight.
M: I’m sorry, but I don’t sell tickets. You can get one from the machine over there or wait until you board and buy one from the airline attendant.
W: All right. By the way, what’s the gate number
M: Four. Down the hall and to the left.
W: Thanks a lot.
Text 8
M: Hello!
W: Hello! Have you found a house for me
M: Yes, I have a great house to show you. It’s only $200,000.
W: Oh, that’s too expensive for me.
M: Well, I have another one on Bank Street.
W: How much is it
M: It’s only $86,000. But it only has one bedroom.
W: Oh, that’s not big enough. I need a house with two bedrooms.
M: Well, I’ll come some other time.
W: Thanks anyway.
Text 9
W: Come in. What can I do for you
M: I haven’t been feeling well for two days. Every time I have something to eat, it goes straight through me, and I also feel sick.
W: How many times a day have you been using the rest room
M: I go to the rest room three or four times a day.
W: When do you get a stomachache
M: Immediately after eating.
W: Are they very bad
M: Yes, really.
W: First let me take your temperature. Your temperature is slightly above normal. Open your mouth and say “Ah”…
Text 10
Rose is twenty-three, and she is a cashier at a small bank. One morning, a quiet-looking man came up to her counter. He was not one of her regular customers, and Rose had never seen him before. He said in a low voice, “Give me all the money you have there, and don’t make a sound or I will shoot you.” Rose then noticed that he was holding a gun, hidden by a big bag that he had in his other hand. Her colleagues were too far away so she shouted loudly enough that everyone in the bank turned to look at her. The man with the gun hesitated nervously, and then turned and rushed out without another word. He did not know that Rose had recognized the gun he was holding was a plastic toy, because she had bought one just like it for her little nephew the day before.
参考答案
第一部分
第一节 1-5 CBAAC
第二节 6-10 CBBAC 11-15 CABBA 16-20 CACCB
第二部分
21-25 BCCAD 26-30 ABBCD 31-35 CAABD
第二节 36-40 BCADC 41-45 DCDCA 46-50 BACDA 51-55 BABCD
第三部分 56-60 CBDCC 61-65 ADDCB
第四部分
第一节
66. travel→traveling 67. thousand→thousands 68.去掉the 69. √ 70. across→cross
71. On→Over 72. they→it 73. 在running 前加was 74. 在make 前加 to 75. raise→rise
第二节 书面表达（One possible version）
Good morning, ladies and gentlemen. Welcome to our factory.
First of all, I'd like to give you a brief introduction to our factory. Our factory has a history of 50 years and it lies at the foot of Mount Tai, on the railway line between Beijing and Guangzhou as well as Jinghu and Jingfu Express Ways, so the transportation is very convenient both by train or bus. Our factory covers an area of 3 acres. With over 800 workers, our factory mainly produces keepsakes, which are of very good quality and sell well whether in China or in some areas of Southeast Asia.
Our factory has been developing rapidly and has a very bright future. It’s a wise choice to invest here. So much for the introduction.
Thank you!Copernicus' life
Many thought he was crazy. Others thought he was a genius. Some even thought he was the devil. This man's name was Nicolaus Copernicus. This man understood important things about our world, our solar system, and our universe. Nicolas Copernicus was born in Torun, Poland, on February 19, 1473. He was the youngest of four children. When Nicolaus was a young boy, just 10 years old, his father died. He and his brothers and sisters was brought up by his uncle, a prince-bishop（中世纪采邑之主教）, so he had the advantage of being able to get a first-class education. in 1491, Nicolaus went to the University of Krakow. The university was one of the greatest in Europe at the time. Nicolaus later said that his studies at that university changed his life. At the university, he studied Latin, math, astronomy, geography, and philosophy.
Copernicus placed the sun in the center of the system and made the earth a planet traveling around the sun. Today it is hard to imagine our solar system any other way, but in his time Copernicus's idea was earthshaking.
It occurred to Copernicus as early as 1507, that tables of planetary positions could be calculated more easily if it were assumed that the sun, rather than the earth, were the center of the universe. This would mean that the earth itself, along with the other planets, would have to be considered as moving through space and revolving about the sun. This was not a new idea. Among the ancients, Aristarchus(阿里斯塔耳科斯) had suggested the notion, and not many years before the time of Copernicus, Nicholas of Cusa (尼哥拉) had made a similar suggestion.
Copernicus was to do more than suggest, however. Beginning in 1512, he set about working out the system in full mathematical detail in order to demonstrate how planetary positions could be calculated on this new basis. As it turned out, the Copernican system explained some of the puzzling motions of the planets. The orbit of Venus(金星), according to the new system, would naturally never take the planet farther than a certain distance from the sun, as viewed from the earth, because the orbit of the planet lay closer to the sun than did the orbits of the earth. On the other hand, since the earth would have to be considered as traveling in a smaller orbit than those of Mars, Jupiter(木星), and Saturn(土星), it would periodically overtake those planets and cause them to appear to be moving backward in the sky.
In 1616 the church banned his book Revolutions because it contradicted （与……发生冲突）the accepted notion that God placed the Earth in the center of the universe. Even though those who knew of his work considered his idea dangerous, Revolutions remained of interest to other scientists for many years. It took almost two hundred years for his concept of a sun-centered system to reach the general public. What Copernicus set out in his remarkable text truly revolutionized science. For this, Copernicus, a quiet doctor who made a tremendous leap of imagination, is considered the father of the Scientific Revolution.新课标《人教版》(必修5)第一单元测试
一、基础测试(每小题1分，满分20分)
A. 单词拼写
1. Something is wrong with the e__________ of the car. It can’t start.
2. Marie Curie was the discoverer of r_________.
3. According to the t________ of relativity (相对论), nothing can travel faster than light.
4. After all his mathematical calculations, Copernicus drew a c__________ that the earth was not the center of the solar system.
5. I__________ she’d gone, I remembered her name.
6. In the Anti-Japanese War, the Chinese ___________ (打败) the Japanese invaders.
7. Shall he ________ (参加) the meeting to be held tomorrow
8. Work on the new railway will be ___________ (完成) at the end of next year.
9. Our new offices are still under ____________ (建设).
10. They have found some evidences that are __________ (联系) to this murder.
B. 句型转换
11. A: From the facts John Snow concluded that polluted water carried the disease.
B: From the facts John Snow ________ _______ _______ that polluted water carried the disease.
12. A: He determined to find out why.
B: He __________ his __________ to find out why.
13. A: We will begin the work immediately.
B: We will begin the work ______ _______.
14. A: How will you deal with these letters
B: What will you _____ _______these letters
15. A: The movements of the other planets in the sky made sense only if you put the sun there.
B: Only if you put the sun there _______the movements of the other planets in the sky _______ sense.
C. 完成句子
16. He suggested that the machine ________ ________ (检查) carefully before we used it.
17. She ______ _______ _______ (全神贯注于) reading, so she didn’t notice what was happening.
18. We ______ _______ (下决心) that this should never be allowed to happen again.
19. ______ _______ ________ (除…之外) Wang Hai, who will go there
20. The teacher is popular with the students because he _______ ______ ______ ______ (对他们要求严格).
二、单项填空 (每小题1分，满分15分)
21.Our team was ahead during the first half, but we _____ in the last ten minutes.
A. were won B. were lost
C. were beaten D. won
22. Usually children are allowed to ___________ when they are six years old.
A. attend school
B. attend the school
C. join school
D. join the school
23. Professor Hawking stepped into the office I knew that there was no hope.
A. Unless B. Now that
C. Although D. The moment
24. His failure in the experiment suggested that he ________ his teacher’s proper instructions.
A. should not have followed
B. should not follow
C. mustn’t have followed
D. hadn’t followed
25. I suggested that he _____ telephone the manager before he decided.
A. telephoned B. would telephone
C. telephone D. had to telephone
26. —I'm terribly sorry that I failed to win the game.
—You are not ________ for all you could do.
A. to blame B. pleased
C. right D. satisfied
27. Yang Liwei was surrounded by the audience ________ he stepped off the stage.
A. until B. through
C. now that D. immediately
28. Gathering clouds the coming storm．
A. declared B. turned out
C. connected D. announced
29. Seeing their son playing computer games all day, the parents don’t know ______ it.
A. how to do
B. what to do
C. how to deal with
D. how to do with
30. — So hard ______ in the past few months that he has made great progress in English.
— I can see that; only a few mistakes ______ in the exam.
A. has he worked; did he make
B. he has worked; did he made
C. he has worked; he made
D. has he worked; he made
31. Enough of it! Nobody here thinks what you are saying should make any ________.
A. value B. sense
C. fun D. use
32. Only by shouting at the top of his voice .
A. he was able to make himself hear
B. he was able to make himself heard
C. was he able to make himself hear
D. was he able to make himself heard
33. Only after the second tower of the World Trade Centre did people know it was not an accident, but an attack of some kind.
A. had hit B. did fall
C. was hit D. was fallen
34. Last summer holiday, I went back to my hometown, ________ the neighbors and the house ________ I used to be familiar with were gone.
A. only finding; which
B. only to find; that
C. only to find; whom
D. found; that
35. It’s quite strange that the man sleeps with his mouth ____ and his eyes _____.
A. closing; open B. closed; opened
C. closing; opening D. closed; open
三、完形填空 (每小题1分，满分20分)
阅读下面短文，掌握大意，然后从36-55各题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳答案。
A person may have an idea about himself that will prevent him from doing good work.
He may have the 36 that he is not capable (有能力的) of it. A child may think he is stupid because he does not understand how to make the 37 of his mental faculties(官能). Older people may be mistaken that they are incapable of 38 anything new because of their age.
A person who believes that he is incapable will not make a real 39 , because he feels that it 40 be useless. He won’t go at a job with the confidence(信心) necessary for success, and he won’t work his hardest, even though he may 41 he is doing so. He is 42 likely to fail, and the failure will 43 his belief in his incompetence(无能).
Alfred Adler, a famous doctor, had 44 like this. When he was a small boy, he had a poor 45 in maths. His teacher told his 46 he had no ability in maths in order that they would not 47 too much of him. In this way, they too 48 the idea. He accepted 49 mistaken thinking of his ability, felt that it was useless to 50 , and was very poor at maths, 51 as they expected.
One day he worked out a problem which 52 of the other students had been able to solve.
Adler succeeded in solving the problem. This gave him confidence. He now 53 with interest, determination and purpose, and he soon became especially good at 54 . He not only proved that he could learn maths well, but luckily he learned early in his life from his own experience that if a person goes at a job with determination and purpose, he may 55 himself as well as others by his ability.
36. A. belief B. way
C. fact D. condition
37. A. biggest B. most
C. higher D. deepest
38. A. teaching B. learning
C. accepting D. using
39. A. decision B. success
C. effort D. trouble
40. A. would B. should
C. must D. could
41. A. forget B. think
C. guess D. understand
42. A. truly B. really
C. however D. therefore
43. A. lead to B. strengthen
C. increase D. add to
44. A. an experience B. an expert
C. a thought D. a story
45. A. state B. mind
C. start D. ending
46. A. classmates B. friends
C. neighbours D. parents
47. A. blame B. expect
C. get D. win
48. A. developed B. organized
C. discovered D. found
49. A. a B. one
C. its D. the
50. A. manage B. succeed
C. try D. act
51. A. only B. almost
C. just D. then
52. A. none B. all
C. many D. most
53. A. lived B. worked
C. played D. graduated
54. A. lesson B. medicine
C. subjects D. maths
55. A. encourage B. love
C. astonish D. disappoint
四、阅读理解 (每小题1.5分，满分30分)
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C或D）中，选出最佳选项
A
Albert Einstein was probably the most famous scientist of the twentieth century. He changed scientific thinking in the modern world. He is generally considered as the greatest physicist who ever lived. What’s more, he devoted a lot of his time and energy to working for human rights and progress.
In 1933, while Einstein was visiting England and the United States, the Nazi government of Germany took all his things away, including his position and his citizenship. Einstein then settled down in the United States. In 1939, Einstein, who loved peace—afraid of a world in which only Hitler would had an atomic bomb（原子弹）—tried hard to persuade President Franklin D. Roosevelt in a famous letter to have the United States start uranium research. That Germany, after all, had no bomb, and that the first bomb would fall on Japan, could not have been expected. After the war, Einstein never stopped working for peace and reducing the number of soldiers in the world.
Although he wasn’t connected with any accepted religion（宗教）, Einstein felt that trust in a personal God was too special an idea to be suitable to the God at work in this universe, but he never believed that the universe was one of chance or disorder. The universe to him was one of pure law and order. He once said, “God may know everything, but he is not hateful.”
56. From the passage we know that .
A. no scientist is as great as Albert Einstein during this century
B. Albert Einstein was likely to be the greatest scientist of his time
C. Albert Einstein made the first atomic bomb for the United States of America
D. Albert Einstein gave up his German citizenship for political reasons
57. If Einstein had known that Hitler had no atomic bomb and that the first atomic bomb would fall on Japan, he would .
A. have continued his scientific research
B. have won another Nobel Prize for physics
C. not have advised starting uranium research in the U. S. A.
D. not have moved to the U. S. A.
58. Einstein in 1933.
A. visited England and the U. S. A.
B. lost everything
C. became a man without a country
D. both A and C
59. Einstein believed that everything in the universe .
A. was kept in order by its own law
B. had nothing to do with each other
C. happened in an irregular way
D. was made by the personal God
B
“That’s funny! These fellows in the middle of the plate have died.” Dr Alexander Fleming was talking to another doctor in a laboratory in London. He had been studying some germs（细菌）that he was growing on a plate. They were very dangerous germs because they caused different kinds of illnesses that could kill people. Dr Fleming found that a mould（霉菌）had floated in through the window landing on the plate. It had killed some of the germs it had touched.
“This certainly looks promising.” Fleming said. “We must grow some of this mould to see if it will kill other germs.”
He named the strange mould “penicillin”. It proved to be a killer of many germs. Fifty mice were given deadly germs and then half of them were injected（注射）with penicillin. The twenty-five untreated mice died, but twenty-four of those lived that had been treated with penicillin. Dr Fleming wrote a report about what he had found out. Hardly anybody took any notice of it.
In 1938 Dr Howard Florey, an Australian working in London, read Dr Fleming’s report and was very interested. He found that penicillin was effective in treating blood poisoning in human beings.
When World War II broke out, it was not possible to make enough penicillin in England. Dr Florey went to America where he helped to have enormous amounts of this wonderful drug made. It saved the lives of thousands of soldiers, sailors and airmen who would have died from their wounds if the hospitals had not had penicillin.
60. Dr Alexander Fleming .
A. had been studying a mould which was very dangerous and could kill people
B. had been studying some of the germs on a plate which could cure illnesses
C. had been making experiments on some germs that he was growing on a plate
D. had been making experiments on different germs that could help sick people to get better
61. Some of the germs on the plate .
A. had been killed by a mould floating in through the window
B. had been killing one another, which was a surprise to Fleming
C. had been killed by a mould that had been grown by Dr Alexander Fleming
D. had been killed by a mould found by another doctor
62. The reason why the twenty-five mice died was that .
A. they had been given deadly germs and had been injected with penicillin
B. they were almost dead ahead of the experiment
C. they were easy to die in the experiment
D. they had been given deadly germs and had not been injected with penicillin
63. In 1938, an Australian working in London named Howard Florey read Dr Fleming’s report and .
A. left England for America, making the drug
B. went to America to save the lives of thousands of soldiers, sailors and airmen
C. found penicillin effective in treating blood poisoning in human beings
D. went to America to make this drug for mice
64. The word “enormous” means .
A. 剩余的 B. 恰当的
C. 少许的 D. 巨大的
C
Einstein, a great scientist of the age, was almost as strange as his Theory of Relativity.
Once, while riding a street car in Berlin, he told the conductor that he had not given him the right change. The conductor counted the change again and found it to be correct, so he handed it to Einstein, saying, “The trouble with you is that you don’t know your figures.”
Einstein said that there were only twelve people living who understood his Theory of Relativity although a good many books had been written to explain it.
He had nothing but contempt（藐视）for the things most people set their hearts on—for fame and riches（财富）and luxury（奢华）.
He didn’t want money or praise. He made his own happiness out of such simple things as his work and playing the violin and sailing his boat. Einstein’s violin brought him more joy than anything else in life. He said that he often thought in music.
65. The conductor thought Einstein .
A. wasn’t good at maths
B. had good memory
C. was either mad or strange
D. liked to make trouble
66. Einstein meant that many people .
A. knew his Theory of Relativity well because they could explain it
B. had written to have grasped his theory correctly
C. pretended to have grasped his abstract theory
D. admired him very much
67. The underlined part “set…hearts on” means .
A. believe B. have
C. love D. hate
D
Louis Pasteur, the famous French chemist and bacteriologist, invented “pasteurization”. In 1854 Pasteur was made head of the department of science at the University of Lille, and it was there that he made one of his most famous discoveries. Lille was a major center for wine and beer-making, and some of the local wine-makers asked Pasteur if he could help solve the problem of keeping wine fresh. At that time, it was believed that food and drinks go “bad” due to a purely chemical process (变化过程). But during a series of experiments Pasteur proved that tiny living organisms (微生物) caused food and drinks to go bad. In the case of wine and beer the organisms are already present in the form of the various yeasts (酵母) that caused the fermentation (发酵) process. Pasteur discovered that heating the wine gently for a few minutes after it had fermented would kill off the yeast that was left in the wine, with the result that the wine would remain fresh for much longer. He also proved that food and drinks could be turned bad by other organisms that were present in the air, and that they too would keep fresh much longer if they were kept in airtight containers.
The heating process was so successful that it made Pasteur famous. It was named “pasteurization” in his honour, and by about 1900 it had been widely used for processing and bottling cows’ milk. The result was a huge drop in the number of bottle-fed babies dying from infant diarrhea (婴儿腹泻) and from that time on it has been a standard treatment for milk and many other food products. This simple process has saved thousands, possibly millions, of lives worldwide.
68. Pasteur became in 1854.
A. the chairperson of the science department at the University of Lille
B. the director of a chemical laboratory at the University of Lille
C. the general manager of a large beer-making company
D. the president of the University of Lille
69. According to the passage, Lille was a major center for in the mid-19th century.
A. growing grain crops
B. making beer and wine
C. doing chemical research
D. producing various kinds of yeasts
70. In the last sentence of paragraph 1, the underlined word “they” refers to .
A. wine and beer
B. food and drinks
C. the various yeasts
D. other organisms
71. We can infer from the passage that Pasteur’s discovery .
A. is no longer widely used for treating milk and other food produts
B. did not bring much profit to the wine makers in Lille
C. has done a lot of good to children in the world
D. has greatly reduced the number of wars in the world
E
On the first day of class, Mr Whiteson gave us a lecture about a creature(生物) called cattytiger, a kind of cat-like animal that completely disappeared during the Ice Age. He passed round a skull (头骨) as he talked, and we all felt interested and took notes while listening. Later, we had a test about that.
When he returned my paper, I was very, very surprised. There was a very large cross through each of my answers. And so it was with everyone else’s in our class. What had happened Everyone was wondering and couldn’t wait to get the answer.
Very simple, Mr Whiteson explained. He had made up all that story about the cattytiger. There had never been such an animal. So why none of us noticed that and how could we expect good marks for the incorrect answers
Needless to say, we got very angry. What kind of teacher was this
We should have guessed it out, Mr Whiteson said. After all, at the very moment he was passing around the cattytiger skull (in fact, a cat’s), hadn’t he been telling us that it completely disappeared during the Ice Age Clearly he was telling a lie. But we just kept busy making notes and none used his head. We should learn something from this. Teachers and textbooks are not always correct.
72. We failed in the test because we didn’t .
A. take notes while listening
B. show interest in what Mr Whiteson said
C. listen to the teacher carefully
D. think carefully
73. We got angry because .
A. Mr Whiteson didn’t tell us the truth about cattytiger
B. we failed in the test
C. we didn’t know why he played the joke on us
D. there was no cattytiger
74. Mr Whiteson gave us a special lesson .
A. to show his special way of teaching
B. to play a joke on us
C. to help us learn our lessons better
D. so that we would no longer believe him
75. Mr Whiteson meant that .
A. teachers couldn’t make any mistakes
B. textbooks might be wrong sometimes
C. we should speak up if we thought our teacher or the textbook was wrong
D. we shouldn’t believe our teachers because sometimes they might tell lies
五、书面表达 (满分15分)
随着人们生活水平的提高，越来越多的人拥有了自己的汽车，你班同学就此展开了一次讨论，提出两种不同的观点和看法。请你根据所提供的信息给报社写一封信，客观介绍这两种看法。
赞同者认为：
1.方便、快捷、舒适的交通工具；
2.反映出国民生活条件提高，国家富强；
3.带动其他行业发展。
反对者认为：
1.废气污染严重；
2.过多则影响交通，导致更多事故；
3.停车问题日益突出。
注意：1.信的开头已给出；
2.词数：100左右；
3.参考词汇：方便的 convenient；交通 transportation
Dear editor，
I'm writing to tell you about the discussion we recently had about whether it is good or not for families to own cars.
____________________________________
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Yours truly,
Li Hua
参考答案
一、基础测试(每小题1分，满分20分)
A. 单词拼写
1. engine 2. radium 3. theory 4. conclusion 5. Immediately 6. defeated 7. attend 8. complete /completed 9. construction 10. linked
B. 句型转换
11. drew a conclusion 12. made, mind 13. at once 14. do with 15. did, make
C. 完成句子
16. be examined 17. was absorbed in 18. were determined 19 In addition to 20. is strict with them
二、单项填空 (每小题1分，满分15分)
21—25 CADDC 26—30 ADDCD 31—35 BDCBD
重点解析：
21. 若选B项，应改为主动语态；若选D项，就出现了逻辑错误。因此最佳答案为C。全句意思是：前半场我们领先，但是在最后10分钟我们被打败了。
22. attend school = go to school，其中的school不表示具体的“学校”，而是表示“上学”这一抽象概念，因此school前不可加定冠词。
29. 从句意和结构看，使用do with或deal with都可以，但do with不可与how连用。
30. 在so …that句型中，“so+形容词或副词”放在句首时，主句倒装，故排除B、C两项；“only+状语”放在句首时，句子采用倒装语序，而答语中是“only+宾语”放在句首，因而不需要倒装，故选D。
31. make不能与value搭配；make fun和make use与题意明显不符。
32. 依据“only＋状语”放在句首的使用规则，排除A、B项；“make oneself +过去分词”是固定结构。
33. “only＋状语从句”放在句首时，从句不倒装，主句倒装；从逻辑关系看，应该使用被动语态，fall是不及物动词，不可用于被动语态，故选C。
34. 依据only to do结构作结果状语的用法，排除A、D项；先行词既有表人的词又有表物的词时，定语从句中的关系代词用that。故选B。
35. 由于mouth与close之间存在被动关系，close应用过去分词；本句中open为形容词，意思是“开着的”。
三、完形填空 (每小题1分，满分20分)
36—40 ABBCA 41—45 BDBAC 46—50 DBADC 51—55 CABDA
重点解析：
36.下一段最后一句话有答案。
37. 本题考查固定结构，make the most of意为“充分利用”。
38. 老年人也有错误认识：由于年龄大，不能学新东西。
39. make a real effort意为“真正努力”。
42. 这一句与前一句为因果关系，故选D。
43. 从上文看，这种想法一直就有，而lead to的意思是“导致了”；add to的意思是“加上”，都是表示从无到有，故排除A、D。strengthen的意思是“加强、加重”，符合句意，故选B。
44. 根据最后一段最后一句话推知。
47. expect too much期望太多。
48. develop意为“形成、产生”。
49. 老师和父母亲都这样认为，他也接受了这种错误观点。
四、阅读理解 (每小题1.5分，满分30分)
56—60 BCDAC 61—65 ADCDC 66—70 CCABB 71—75 CDBCC
重点解析：
56. 此题考查细节判断。文中指出，爱因斯坦有可能是20世纪最伟大的科学家，即是他那个时代最杰出的科学家。
57. 此题考查判断推理能力。爱因斯坦热爱和平，当时制造第一枚原子弹的目的是为了打击纳粹，维护世界和平，让人民生活在和平、稳定的环境中。由此得知，假如他知道了题中的事实，他决不会议搞核试验研究。
59. 此题考查细节事实。爱因斯坦坚信宇宙有其自己的规律，宇宙中的万物是按宇宙本身的法则组合在一起的。
60. 此题考查细节事实。从文章的第二句可以得知。
62. 此题考查综合理解能力。实验中死亡的25只小鼠被注射了毒菌而没注射盘尼西林(Penicillin)，青霉素可以杀菌，因而注射了青霉素的小鼠得以存活，余下的死亡。
64. 此题考查词义理解。根据上下文，二战时青霉素供给不足，因此Dr Florey去了美国来帮助制造这种药，这种药数量应该是“巨大的，多的”。后文也证实，这些药救了成千上万人的性命。
65. 售票员的话是在讥讽爱因斯坦的数学学得不好，连数都算不对。
66. 虽然很多人写文章解释他的相对论，但真正懂相对论的人只有12个人。
67. 大多数人是热爱名气、财富和奢华的。
68. 从 “In 1854 Pasteur was made head of the department of science at the University of Lille”一句可知答案。
69. 从第一段中的 “Lille was a major center for wine and beer-making, and some of the local wine-makers asked Rasteur if he could help solve the problem of keeping wine fresh” 一句可知答案。
70. 从第一段最后一句话可知they指的是食物和酒。
71. 短文的最后一段讲述了在1900年Pasteur所发明的防止食物和酒变质的方法广泛用于儿童所饮用的瓶装牛奶，使世界上成千上万的儿童免于死亡。
72. 此题A、B两项都好排除，因文中有明确说明。许多同学误选了C，实际上学生对课堂内容听得并非不仔细，只是没“加以思考(think carefully)”罢了。
73. 原文中，“we got angry”独立成段，其上给出了原因，即“large cross in the paper”，也就是说学生们没通过考试。故答案为B。
74. 老师给我们上这么一堂课用意何在？仅仅是显示他独特的教课方式？不。老师是严肃的，更不是为了给我们开玩笑(play a joke on us)，他只是要我们学到些东西，学得更好(learn better)。
75. 文中最后一句话揭示了老师的意旨——不要把一切想当然(包括老师的话和教科书)。对于错的一定要大声说出来(speak up)。
五、书面表达 (满分15分)
One possible version:
Dear editor,
I’m writing to tell you about the discussion we recently had about whether it is good or not for families to own cars.
With the development of people’s living conditions, more and more people have their own cars. Some of us think it good to own a car. Firstly, it’s a convenient,fast and comfortable means of transportation tool. You can go to a lot of places at any time. Secondly, it shows that people are becoming richer, and the country stronger. It also makes businesses and industries develop faster.
Others have different opinions. They think that cars give off waste gas and pollute the environment. Too many cars will have some bad effects, such as more accidents. Besides, parking cars is another big problem. Maybe people should think carefully before they buy a car.
Yours truly,
Li Hua
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1How does a person get cholera
A person may get cholera by drinking water or eating food contaminated （污染）with the cholera bacterium（细菌）. The disease can spread rapidly in areas with inadequate treatment of sewage（污水） and drinking water.
The cholera bacterium may also live in the environment in polluted rivers and coastal waters. Shellfish eaten raw(生肉) have been a source of cholera, and a few persons in the United States have contracted cholera after eating raw or undercooked shellfish from the Gulf of Mexico. The disease is not likely to spread directly from one person to another; therefore, casual contact with an infected person is not a risk for becoming ill.
In January 1991, cholera appeared in South America and quickly spread to several countries. A few cases have occurred in the United States among persons who traveled to South America or ate contaminated food brought back by travelers.
Cholera has been very rare in industrialized nations for the last 100 years; however, the disease is still common today in other parts of the world, including the Indian and sub-Saharan Africa.
Although cholera can be life-threatening, it is easily prevented and treated. In the United States, because of advanced water and sanitation systems（卫生系统）, cholera is not a major threat; however, everyone, especially travelers, should be aware of how the disease is transmitted and what can be done to prevent it.
