高一英语UNIT15-18词汇讲解及练习[下学期]

Unit 15 The Necklace
Warming up/listening/speaking
1 Talk about drama and theatre.
drama
［释义］ n. (在舞台上演的)戏剧, 戏剧艺术
［例句］ Which do you like better, music or drama
音乐和戏剧,你更喜欢哪一样
She want to study drama and become an actress.
她想学戏剧，以后成为一名演员。
［拓展］ adj. dramatic 戏剧的 adv. Dramatically
n. dramatist 剧作家
2 Ask for permission.
permission
［释义］ n. 允许
［用法］ have one’s permission to do sth. 允许某人做某事
［例句］ You have my permission to leave.
我准许你离开.
You must ask permission if you want to leave early.
如果你想早走的话，必须得到允许。
［拓展］ (1) vt. permit 允许,许可
［例句］ Dogs are not permitted in the building.
不得携狗进入楼内.
We do not permit smoking in the office.
在我们的办公室不准吸烟.
(2) n. 许可证；执照 ［ ］
［辨析］permit, allow
allow是日常用语，指允许某人做某事，有消极的意味，侧重于听任、默许、不加阻止，不按常规行事。
permit常可与allow通用，含积极的正面意义，多用于正式场合，指给予在某事的权利。如通过法令和正式条文“允许”做某事。
The government servants aren't allowed to accept rewards.
公务员不得接受酬谢。
She won't permit dogs in the house.
她不准许家中有狗。
注：①allow可以和副词连用，permit则不能。
②在表示客气的请求时，主语是you应用permit，以表示下级对上级，幼辈对长辈，底层人对上层人尊敬的请求。若主语用I，则应用allow的被动形式。
Mary wouldn’t allow me in.
玛丽不愿意让我进去。
Will you permit me to use this knife
3 Each scene will give you a clue that you can use to solve the mystery.
(1) scene
［释义］ (1) n. (戏剧或歌剧的)场, (一场中的)一段情节
［例句］ This play is divided into three acts, and each act has three scenes.
这个剧分为三幕，每一幕有三个场景。
The curtain is lowered at the end of each scene.
幕布在每一场结束时都拉上。
（2）n.景色，风景
［例句］ The scene is a perfect dream when you see the sun rising slowly in the east.
观看太阳从东方慢慢升起,这种景色确实太美了。
The boats in the harbor make a beautiful scene.
港湾中的船只构成了美丽的景象。
（3）n. 现场
［例句］ The ancient Rome battlefield was a scene of great carnage.
古罗马战场曾尸横遍地。
These objects were found at the scene of the crime.
这些物品是在犯罪现场找到的。
［辨析］ scene, scenery, landscape, view
scene是可数名词，用以指所看到的远近各处的景象，亦可包括人和动作。
scenery是从美的观点来看部分乡间景色，为不可数名词。
landscape是指在某一地区内见到的由丘陵、山谷、原野等构成的风景，为可数名词。
view为可数名词，是表示从某处可见到的远景，着重点在你能够看到的部分。
［例句］ What a quiet but lively scene. Lambs frisked about in the pastures.
小羊在牧场上跳来跳去,这是一幅多么恬静而又生气勃勃的景象啊。
The scenery in the mountains is very beautiful.
山里的景色非常美。
The trees and the mountains made the landscape very beautiful.
树木和山脉使风景变得很美。
The only view from my bedroom window is of some factory chimneys.
从我卧室的窗户看到的唯一的景色是一些工厂烟囱。
(2) clue
［释义］ n. 线索, 端倪
［例句］ We have no clue as to where she went after she left home.
我们对她离家后去往何处毫无线索.
The police found a clue which will help them catch the robber.
警察发现了能帮助他们抓住强盗的线索。
(3) solve
［释义］ vt. 解释, 解决,解答
［例句］ Sherlock Holmes solved many murder cases.
福尔摩斯侦破了许多谋杀案。
How are you going to solve the problems put forward
你如何解决提出的问题？
(4) mystery:
［释义］（1）n.［C］ 谜；难以理解的事物
［例句］ Her sudden disappearance was a complete mystery.
她的突然失踪完全是一件不可思议的事.
How the Pyramid were built is still a mystery.
金字塔是怎样建造起来的仍然是个谜.
（2）n.［U］ 神秘性, 秘密性
The lady’s mystery makes her charming.
这位小姐的神秘使她很迷人。
He likes stories full of mystery.
他喜欢充满神秘感的故事。
［拓展］ adj. mysterious 神秘的
［考例］ Seeing the happy of children playing together there, I’m full of joy and hope for the future of our country.
A. scene B. sign C. sense D. view
(Key: A)
4 What did John and Mary discover
discover
［释义］ (1) vt. 发现
［例句］ Columbus discovered America in 1492.
哥伦布于1492年发现美洲.
Scientists have discovered a new virus.
科学家发现了一种新病毒.
（2）vt. 弄明真相，找到答案等，发觉
［例句］ We soon discovered the truth.
我们很快弄清了真相。
We have discovered that the young man is a discreet and economical fellow.
我们发现这个年青人是个既谨慎又有经济头脑的小伙子。
［拓展］ n. discovery 发现
［例句］ The country became rich following the discovery of oil.
在发现石油以后,这个国家变得很富有.
［辨析］ search, find, discover, invent
search强调搜寻的动作和过程，find强调搜寻的结果, discover指发现已存在但还未发现的事物, invent是发明，创造原先不存在的事物，例如一种机器或一种方法。
［例句］ The area was thoroughly searched .
这个区域已彻底搜查过了。
I can't find the car keys.
我找不到车的钥匙。
She discovered that she was pregnant.
她发现自己怀孕了。
They discovered oil in the North Sea.
他们在北海发现了石油。
Who invented the computer
是谁发明了计算机。
［考例］ The Oregon Trail went through the South Pass, _____ in 1842.
A. where was gold discovered B. gold was discovered where
C. gold discovered was where D. where gold was discovered
(Key: D)
5 Choose one of the situations below and create a short play.
create
［释义］ vt 创造, 创建
［例句］ God created the world.
上帝创造了世界.
This decision creates a dangerous precedent.
这个决定开创了一个危险的先例.
扩展: n. creation ［U］ 创造, 创建
［C］ 创造物, 作品
adj. creative 有创造力的, 创造性的
n. creativity 创造性, 创造力
6) The Black Tower is a scary place.
scary
［释义］ adj. 吓人的, 可怕的
［例句］ we dare not go to that scary dark street.
. 我们不敢去那条漆黑可怕的街道。
This is the scariest story I ever heard.
这是我所听过的最可怕的故事。
［拓展］ scare vt. 恐吓， 使惊恐
［例句］ Don’t let the noise scare you; it’s only wind.
别让那声音把你吓住，那不过是风罢了。
［辨析］ scary, scared
7) It seems that it is going to be just another normal day.
［释义］ adj. 正常的, 平常的
［例句］ It’s perfectly normal to get depressed sometimes.
有时候情绪低落是完全正常的.
The normal price of a ticket if $230!
一张票的正常价格是230英镑。
辨析: normal, ordinary, usual& common
normal强调符合已建立的标准、模型或方式。
ordinary指种类普通且不能从其他中加以区别的。
usual是修饰那些与平常的、普通的或一般习惯或程序相一致的人、事或物。
common用于是通常的、常发生的、广泛使用或众所周知的情况。
［例句］ It’s children’s normal curiosity.
这是孩子正常的好奇心。
The book is about ordinary people .
这本书是关于普通人的。
We will meet at the usual time.
我们将在通常的老时间会面。
Heart disease is one of the commonest causes of death.
心脏病是最常见的死亡原因之一。
8) I’m sorry, but I don’t think I know you.
［用法］ 一般来说, 英语中, 假如主句中动词是think, suppose，believe, expect之类的动词, 后接从句要表达否定, 其否定形式应该前移到主句谓语动词的前面。这类现象在英语语法中被称为“否定前移”。
［例句］ I don’t think you are right.
我认为你不对.
I don’t suppose I shall be back until 8 o’clock.
我想八点钟以前我回不来.
注: 当主句主语为第一人称时，反意疑问句的主语和谓语动词应与主句保持一致；当主句主语为其他人称时，反意疑问句的主语和谓语动词应与从句保持一致。
［例句］ I don’t think his idea is right, is it
我认为他的想法是不对的，是吗？
You don’t think his idea is right, do you
你认为他的想法是不对的，是吗？
注：当宾语从句出现下列［结构］时，否定词不可转移。
A：当从句中有can’t help doing something时。
I suppose that everyone can’t help laughing at your ideas.
我猜想大家会禁不住为你的想法发笑的。
B：当从句中有not…until时。如：
I think he won’t come back until 9 o’clock in the evening.
我想他晚上9点才会回来。
C：当从句中有needn’t do something时。如：
They think I needn’t do it.
他们认为我没有必要做这件事。
D: 当从句中有not do something yet时。如：
I believe they haven’t finished the job yet.
我相信他们还没有完成这工作。
9) sorry, I didn’t recognize you.
recognize
［释义］ vt. （1）辨认出
［例句］ I recognized Mary in the photography.
我在照片上认出了玛丽.
Dogs recognize people by their smell.
狗凭嗅觉认人.
（2）承认
［例句］ They recognized him to be a great leader.
他们承认他是位伟大的领袖。
［拓展］ n. recognition 认出, 识别
adj. recognizable
［辨析］ recognize 辨认出, 侧重于再次认识到事物的性质,作用或辨认出人的相貌, 为非延续性动词。Know: 意思是 “ 认识,熟悉, 知道”, 侧重于掌握在胸, 表达状态, 为延续性动词, 可接一段时间作状语。
［例句］ I recognized his voice on the phone.
我在电话上听出了他的声音.
When I met one of my friends last night, I could hardly recognize him.
昨天晚上我碰到我的一个朋友, 我几乎认不出他了.
I didn’t know the man who shook hands with you just now.
我不认识刚才与你握手的那个人.
They have known each other for quite a few years.
他们已经认识多年了.
［考例］ ---Oh, it’s you, Lily. I you.
---Sorry, I haven’t seen you for years. I’m wearing new glasses.
A. don’t know B. haven’t noticed
C. didn’t recognize D. didn’t remember
(Key: C)
10) I would rather not tell you.
would rather 与其……不如……, 宁可
［［结构］］ would rather do sth,. than do sth.
would rather +从句（从句用虚拟，动词用过去式）
［例句］ I’d rather stay at home than go out.
我宁愿呆在家里也不愿出去。
Which would you rather do, go to cinema or stay at home
你是去看电影还是待在家里？
He’d rather you came on Friday.
他比较希望你星期五来。
I would rather they went with me.
我倒希望他们和我一起去。
［考例］ Liu Hulan would rather in face of the enemy.
A. die than to give in B. die than giving in
C. die than give in D. have died than have given in
(Key: C)
11). So I called on you and asked if I could borrow some jewellery.
［短语］ call on sb. 拜访某人
［例句］ I forgot to call on my teacher on my way back to my hometown.
我回家乡途中忘了拜访我的老师。
I'll call on him tomorrow.
明天我去拜访他。
［拓展］ call at 拜访
注：call on后面接表示人的名词或代词，call at后面接表示地方或场所的名词或代词。
call in 请……来（帮助）
call for 要求
［例句］ Do you think we should call at Frank's when we go to New York
我们去纽约的时候,你看要不要去看看弗兰克
An old friend called on me the day before yesterday.
前天一位老朋友来找过我。
Please call the doctor in. 请医生来。
The opposition have called for an immediate inquiry into the behavior of the police.
反对派要求对警方的行为进行调查。
［［结构］］ 上句中的if指“是否”，引导宾语从句，与whether同义。
［例句］ Mary wondered if John was coming to attend the meeting.
玛丽想知道约翰是否会来参加会议。
My brother was uncertain if he could pass the exam.
我弟弟不确定他是否通过考试。
［考例］ I called his house, but he wasn’t in. So I left a message telling him I would call him the next day.
A. on; on B. at; at C. at; on D. on; at
(Key: C)
12). I’ve written to accept the invitation.
accept
［释义］ vt. 接受,领受;吸收;承认,赞同看法或理论
［［结构］］ to accept a present/an invitation / one’s idea/theory/ plan 接受礼物/接受邀请/接受某人的观点/理论/计划
［例句］ She offered him a lift and he accepted it.
她请他坐她的车，他领情了。
The machine only accepts 10p coins.
这台机器只收10便士的硬币。
［拓展］ adj. acceptable 值得的
n. acceptance接受，答应， 同意，认可
［例句］ Is this proposal acceptable to you
这个建议你认为可以接受吗？
Since we sent out the invitations we’ve received five acceptances and one refusal.
我们发出请帖后，收到的回复是五位接受，一位拒绝。
［辨析］ receive, accept, take
receive, accept, take这三个词都有“接受”的意思。receive只表示被动地接受; accept总表示主动而且高兴地接受; take所表示的接受包含着有人赠给的意思。
［例句］ We’ve received a lot of complaints about the new radio programme.
我们收到了不少关于新广播节目的投诉.
I received an invitation to the conference but I wouldn't accept it. 我收到一份会议的请贴,但我不接受.
He takes anything he is given.
给他什么他就要什么。
［考例］ She shouldn’t that gift, for it her sister.
A. accept, belongs to B. accept, is belonged to
C. received, belongs to D. received, is belonging to
(Key: A)
13). And a new dress costs over four hundred francs.
cost
［释义］（1） vt. 价钱为, 使付出(金钱)
［例句］ How much do these shoes cost
这双鞋要多少钱
The job was costed by builder at about $1500.
这件活儿施工人员估计要1500美元。
（2）vt. 令遭损失；使失去（生命、健康等）
［例句］ Your crime will cost you your life.
你的罪行将使你失去生命。
Participating in the strike cost me my job.
参加罢工而使我失去工作
（3）n.［C］ 成本；费用
［例句］ The cost of living is going up.
生活费用在提高。
The students are given ￡50 a year to cover the cost of books and stationery.
学生每年得到五十英镑作为支付书籍和文具的费用。
（4）n.［C, U］ 代价，牺牲
He saved his daughter at the cost of his life.
他以牺牲自己的生命挽救了女儿。
We must avoid war at all costs.
我们必须不惜任何代价避免战争。
［辨析］ cost, pay, take & spend
cost的主语必须是“物”或“事”，表示“费用”、“耗费”，后接life, money, health, time等，侧重于“花费”的代价。
pay的基本意思是“支付”，作为及物动词，宾语可以是人、钱。
take表示“花费”时, 其主语一般是“一件事”，它说明事情完成“花费了……”。
Spend的主语必须是“人”，宾语可以是钱、精力、时间等，其后用on（for）＋名词或用in（可省略）＋动名词形式，不接不定式。
［例句］ Making experiments like this costs much time and labour.
做这样的实验要花很多时间和劳力。
He paid ￡5 for the book.
他买这本书花了五英镑。
Just a minute, it won't take me long to change.
等一下,我很快就可以换好衣服。
Now more and more city adults spend their leisure time trying to improve themselves at school or college.
现在城市里越来越多的成年人利用业余时间到学校或大学去深造。
［考例］ It’s much more than I it.
A. cost; paid B. spend, paid for
C. worth, paid D. worth, paid for
(Key: D)
14). And then I saw a lovely diamond necklace with a big blue stone in the center.
［［结构］］ with a big blue stone in the center. 是介词短语作定语, 修饰前面的necklace, 相当于一个定语从句that had a big blue stone in the center.
“with+名词＋其它”是介词及其复合宾语的形式。这一［结构］在句中可以做状语或定语。
（1）with+名词＋副词
With all lights out, the room was dark.
所有的灯都灭了，房间里很黑。
（2） with+名词＋形容词
With the door and windows open, the room was very cold.
门窗都开着，屋内很冷。
（3）with+名词＋现在分词（名词和现在分词间为主动关系）
He lay on his back, with his eyes looking up into the sky.
他仰面躺着，双眼看着天空。
4) with+名词＋过去分词（名词和过去分词为被动关系）
With his homework done, he went out to play.
作业做好了，他就出去玩了。
5）with+名词＋不定式
With the guide to lead us, we will have no difficulty finding his house.
有导游带领，我们将毫不费劲找到他家。
6）with+名词＋名词
In the north is Scotland, with its capital Edinburgh.
北部是苏格兰，其首都是爱丁堡。
［考例］ (1) With nothing , I went for a good round.
A. to do B. done C. doing D. do
(Key: A)
(2) He soon fell asleep with the candle .
A. still burn B. still burnt
C. still burning D. still to burn
(Key: C)
15). She married a man with a lot of money.
marry
［释义］ (1) vt., vi. 与某人结婚， 嫁或娶某人
［例句］ Jane is going to marry John.
简就要嫁给约翰了。
She didn’t marry until she was over forty.
她直到四十多岁才结婚。
(2) vt. 主持…婚礼
The priest married them.
牧师主持他们的婚礼。
(3) vt. 使结婚；嫁（女）
She wants to marry her daughter to a rich man.
她想把女儿嫁给一个有钱人。
［［词组］］ be married to sb. 和某人结婚 (表示结婚状况)
get married to sb. 和某人结婚
marry sb. to sb. 把某人嫁给某人
［拓展］ marriage n. 结婚，婚姻
［例句］ After ten years of , they are divorcing.
他们结婚十年了，现在正在闹离婚。
My sister's marriage took place at ten o'clock today.
我姐姐的婚礼今天10点举行。
married adj. 结婚的， 已婚的
［例句］ Is she married
她结婚了吗？
Her married life is happy.
她的婚姻生活很幸福。
［考例］ In the US, some young people live together without .
A. married B. getting married
C. marrying D. being marrying
(Key: B)
16) You tried it on and it looked wonderful on you.
try
［释义］ (1) vt, vi. 尝试, 试图，努力
［例句］ Try to get there on time.
想办法及时赶到那里。
Don’t criticize him too much; he’s trying his best.
别批评他太厉害了，他是在尽自己最大的努力。
(2) vt.试一试，试做
If the car won’t start, try pushing it.
如果这车发动不起来，就试着推一推它。
Try the door.
开开门试试看。
(3) vt. 试用，试验
Have you tried this new soap
你试过这种新牌子的肥皂吗？
The idea sounds fine, but we need to try it out in practice.
这个主意听起来不错，但我们要在实践中试验一下。
(4) n. 尝试，试
If you can't open the box, can I have a try
如果你打不开这个箱子，我能试一试吗？
This may not work, but it’s worth a try.
这样也许行不通，但值得一试。
［［词组］］ try something (on/out) for size 试验［试穿，试戴］［某物］一段时间
［考例］ ---I think this shirt will look beautiful you.
---May I
A. at; try on it B. with; put it on
C. in; have on it D. on; try it on
(Key: D)
17). Pierre and I did have a very good time at the ball.
［用法］ 助动词do, does, did，放在肯定句中，起强调作用，带有感彩，可译成：“真的，的确”, 其后加动词原形。
［例句］ You do look nice today.
你今天看来真的很漂亮。
We did need help those days.
在那些日子我们的确需要帮助。
［［词组］］ have…time表示一段时间或日子过得怎样。time前可用不同的形容词来修饰。
have a good/pleasant/wonderful time 玩得/过得很好
have a hard time (指一段时间)过得很艰难
［例句］ We have had a good time.
我们玩得很快乐。
If join the navy, don’t expect to have an easy time.
你要是参加海军，就别想过舒服日子。
18). Well, after all these years we’ve at last paid off all our debts.
［［词组］］ pay off （1）还清债务
［例句］ Soon they paid off the debts.
很快他们还清了债务。
（2）付清工资解雇
His work was most unsatisfactory, so we paid him off at the end of the weekend.
他的工作非常差劲，因此我们在周末给他清算工资后把他解雇了。
［拓展］ pay back:归还，偿还
pay for：支付……的费用。
［考例］ I promised to all the money from the bank within one year.
A. pay for; receiving B. pay back; borrowed
C. give up’ lent D. return back; accepting
(Key: B)
19). It was worth five hundred francs at most.
［［词组］］ at most 最多，至多
［例句］ I can lend you 2,000 yuan at most. Please try someone else. Good luck. 我最多只能借给你两千元，你还是问问别人吧，祝你好运。
At most, I will be away for two days.
我至多离开两天。
［考例］ This horse is worth 1,000 yuan .
A. more and less B. after all
C. at most D. at the present
(Key: C)
20). I don’t like play that much.
that
［释义］ adv. 达到那样的程度，如此
［例句］ I can’t walk that far.
我可走不了那么远。
I like him but not all that much.
我喜欢他，但远不是那么着迷。
［考例］ The T-shirt me over 100 yuan, but I don’t think it’s worth
much.
A. spent; this B. took; very
C. paid; so D. cost; that
(Key: D)
21). I prefer watching TV and playing computer games.
prefer
［释义］ vt. vi. 选择某事物（而不选择他事物）， 更喜欢某事物
［［结构］］ prefer something to something
prefer to do something
prefer doing something to doing something
例句： 1) I much prefer dogs to cats.
猫和狗之中我更喜欢狗。
2）She prefers to be alone.
她宁愿独自一人。
3）I prefer walking to cycling.
我愿意步行，而不愿骑自行车。
22). Well, why don’t we try writing a play of our own.
own
［释义］ (1) pron. 属于自己的
［例句］ It was all her own idea.
这完全是她自己的想法。
The writer has his own brand of humor.
这位作家有他独特的幽默感。
注：own只能用在如my, John’s, the company’s等表示所属关系的词的后面。加上very可使它的语气更强。
［例句］ He has his very own room.
他有一间完全属于他自己的房间。
(2) 拥有，持有
Who owns this house
谁拥有这幢房子？
Do you own a car, sir
先生，你有汽车吗？
23). If we work together, we might come up with a very good story.
［［词组］］ come up with 找出或提出（答案，办法等）
［例句］ She came up with a new idea for increasing sales.
她想出了增加销售量的新办法。
The scientists came up with a cure for the disease.
科学家们发现了这种疾病的治疗方法。
［考例］ He couldn’t an answer when I asked him why he was late.
A. make use of B. come up with
C. catch up with D. fit in with
(Key: B)
24). The other groups will use their own ideas and then we will rehearse the plays and act them out.
rehearse
［释义］ vt. vi. 排练（戏剧，乐曲等），排演
［例句］ He rehearsed his speech last night.
他昨晚练习了他的讲演。
They are rehearsing a play.
他们正在排练一出戏。
［拓展］ rehearsal n. 排练，排演
1. I am p that I gave you his address.
2. The fighting c for a week.
3. Will you please e the third paragraph again for us
4. Don't be s , that insect can't hurt you.
5. He has e a lot of money by working in the evenings.
6. This new model is of high q and is not expensive either.
7. I don't want to come out now, and b , I must work.
8. The students have l every day.
9. He drew the o of a house on the paper.
10. The film had an exciting p .
1. positive 2. continued 3. explain 4. silly 5. earned
6. quality 7. besides 8. lectures 9. outline 10. plot
1．---Oh, it’s you! I you.
---I’ve just had hair cut and I’m wearing a new glasses.
A. didn’t recognize B. hadn’t recognized
C. haven’t recognize D. don’t recognize
2．With many eyes on her, she felt a bit nervous.
A. depended B. staring
C. glaring D. fixed
3．The book I bought last month me 30 Yuan.
A. costed B. spent C. took D. cost
4．The book is really good. It’s well worth .
A. to read B. read C. reading D. to be read
5．When I the shirt I found it was rather too small me.
A. wore; to B. tried on; for C. took off; with
D. dressed; on
6．If you will me 500 Yuan, I will it next month.
A. lend; give off B. borrow; pay back
C. lend; pay back D. borrow; pay off
7．Don’t anything you from a stranger.
A. receive; accept B. take; get
C. accept; receive D. get; take
8．Did you Mrs. Green while you were in London.
A. call on B. call at C. call out D. call in
9．On his way home, he found his pen .
A. being lost B. missing C. losing D. has gone
10．At last they are beginning to make money, and they hope in a few years to
all their loans.
A. pay for B. pay off
C. pay out D. pay in
11．What she had done was .
A. very worth doing B. well worth being done
C. very worth to be done D. well worth doing
12．The of postage stamps is going up again next week.
A. money B. cost C. charge D. range
13．---Shall we go skating or stay at home
---Which do yourself
A. do you rather B. would you rather
C. will you rather D. should you rather
14．Scientists will have to new methods of increasing the world’s food supply.
A. come up with B. come across
C. come into being D. come up
15．Project Hope aims at the poor children in remote(偏远的) areas to
Education.
A. accept B. keep C. assist（援助） D. receive
16．When their first child was born, they for three years.
A. had married B. had been married
C. got married D. had got married
17．The watch me 300 Francs. But Mum doesn’t think it is this price.
A. took; worth B. spent; precious
C. cost; precious D. cost; worth
18．His lively and interesting report all the students’ attention.
A. attracted B. turned C. changed D. paid
19．---Shall we go on skating or stay at home
---Which do yourself
A. do you rather B. would you rather
C. will you rather D. should you rather
20．She will tell us why she feels so strongly that each of us has a role ‘ in making the earth a better place to live.
A. to have played B. to play
C. to be played D. to be playing
Keys: 1---5 ADDCB 6---10 CCABB 1---15 DBBAD 16---20 BDABB
Unit 16 Scientists at work
Warming up/ listening /speaking
1) Safety in the lab
safety
［释义］ n.［U］ 安全， 平安
［例句］ I’m worried about the safety of the product.
我担心使用这种产品是否安全。
We’re keeping you here for your own safety.
我们让你呆在这里是为了你自身的安全。
［拓展］ adj. safe 安全的， 平安的
［例句］ Your money will be as safe as houses with me.
你的钱放在我这里绝对安全的。
It is good to be safe at home on a night like this.
这样的一个夜晚在家里待着是最安全的。
2) Why should students be careful smelling from bottles
［［词组］］ be careful doing 做某事仔细或小心
［例句］ You must be careful crossing the road.
你过马路一定要当心。
［拓展］ be careful后常跟with, about, of等介词短语,也可跟to do或从句.
［例句］ People should be more careful about the things they say.
人们对自己所说的话应该很谨慎.
Be careful of the dog, it sometimes bites people.
留心那条狗,它有时候咬人.
He was careful enough to check up every detail.
他非常仔细,把每一个细节都核对过了。
Be careful with those delicate plates.
使用那些细巧的盘子要小心。
Be careful how you start the personal computer.
要注意怎样起动个人计算机。
3) It’s fast and clean and it doesn’t make any noise, as planes do.
as
［释义］ conj. (1) 照……的方式， 如同
［例句］ As I said in my last letter, I am taking the exam in July.
我上次信里已经说过，我七月份要考试。
She works in the same building as my sister.
她和我的妹妹在同一大楼上班。
(2)while, when 正当……时候，随着
［例句］ As the election approached, the violence got worse.
随着大选临近，暴力事件也愈演愈烈。
He dropped the glass as he stood up.
他站起来时，把杯子摔了。
（3）because 因为，由于
［例句］ As she has no car, she can’t get there easily.
她因为没有车，去那里很不方便。
（4）though 尽管，虽然
［例句］ Tired as she is, she tried to help them.
尽管我已经很累，我还是尽力帮助他们。
Improbable as it seems, it’s true.
这看起来虽然不大可能，却是真的。
Reading：
Having realized that I could use a kite to attract lightening, I decided to do an experiment. 我意识到可以用风筝来吸引闪电，决定做个实验。
1. ［［结构］］ having done是动词的－ing形式的完成时，在句中做状语。它表示的动作先于主句谓语动词。相当于状语从句：After I had realized that…。注意分词的逻辑主语应与句子的主语保持一致，即realized的主语也是I。
［例句］ Having finished his homework, John ran out to play basketball.
完成作业后，约翰跑去打篮球。
Having got the Master degree in Beijing University, Linmin went to the USA for further education.
在北京大学取得学士学位后，林敏去美国继续深造。
［考例］ there many times, I know the city well.
A. Being B. Having been C. Going D. Gone
(Key: B)
2. attract
［释义］vt. （1）吸引，引起
［例句］The company is trying to attract overseas investors.
这家公司试图吸引海外的投资者。
She was attracted by the novel advertisement.
她被这新颖的广告吸引住了。
（2）招引
Flowers attract many bees.
鲜花招引来许多蜜蜂。
A magnet attracts iron.
磁石吸铁。
［拓展］ n. attraction 吸引力
The kite flew high in the sky.
风筝高高地飞在空中。
I brought my finger close to the key.
我把我的手指接近钥匙。
high
［释义］（1）adv. 高，高高地
［例句］ An eagle circled high overhead.
一只鹰在高空盘旋。
They climbed high up the tree.
他们爬树爬得很高。
（2） adj.（一般不用于有生命的东西）高的，有……高度的
［例句］ The plane is high in the sky.
那架飞机在高空飞行。
It's a very high office building with all essential modern facilities.
这是一幢很高的办公大楼,现代设施一应俱全。
（3）n. 高峰；高水准；最高纪录
The price reached a new high.
价格涨到了新的最高纪录。
The price of stocks reached a new high yesterday.
股票价格昨天达到前所未有的高峰。
［拓展］ highly adv. 高度地，非常
［例句］ The goods on display are all very highly priced.
所展出的物品都是非常昂贵的。
It is highly important for us to combine revolutionary sweep with practicalness.
对我们来说,把革命气概和实际精神结合起来是很重要的。
注：英语中有些副词有两种形式，一种与形容词同形，二是由该形容词加－ly构成。这两种形式有些意思相同，有些略有不同，有些完全不同。
1) 相似： 如： quick---quickly loud---loudly
2) 相近： 如： high---highly close---closely
a) high作副词，常用于以下搭配：
fly high 飞得高 hold one’s head high 骄傲
b) highly通常指抽象的“高”。
He spoke highly of her. 他对她评价很高。
同一用法的还有wide---widely，deep---deeply。
I was beginning to think that the experiment would not work.
我开始觉得这个实验不会奏效。
［［词组］］ begin to do/doing sth. 开始做某事
［例句］ She began learning English five years ago.
她五年前开始学英语。
It began to rain.
天开始下雨。
work
［释义］ (1) vi. 做工作，从事劳动
［例句］ I spent the whole weekend working in the garden.
我整个周末都在花园里干活。
It is not advisable just to work away without making a timely summing-up of experience.
一味埋头干下去不做及时的经验总结是不可取的。
（2）vi.（机器、计划或活动的部分）运作，运转，起作用，进行顺利
［例句］ Your idea won’t work in practice.
你的想法在实践中行不通。
The machine won't work because of a faulty connection.
机器电源线接错了,所以开不动。
［考例］ I don’t think the plan will , for it is short of consideration of the workforce. What’s your
A. go; idea B. work; opinion
C. do; mind D. make; thought
(Key: B)
The string was getting charged.
［［词组］］ get charged 被充电
get在这里是联系动词，作“变得”解，（相当于become）,表示状态的改变，后接形容词或过去分词作表语。 “get+过去分词”具有被动含义,多用来表示主语遭受某种损失,伤害,或者不能提供具体的动作发出者。
［例句］ Take care not to get lost in the forest.
小心,不要在森林里迷路.
I got caught in the traffic jam today.
我今天上班途中堵车了.
charge
［释义］(1) vi. & vt. 要价、索取、（向……）收费
［例句］ How much do you charge for a double room
双人间你们收费多少？
The fruit seller charged me too much money.
这个水果商要了我很多的钱。
（2）vt.（常与with连用）责令；公开指责；控告，指控
［例句］ A man has been charged in connection with a murder.
有一个人因与谋杀案有牵连而被控告。
The tax collector has been charged with extorting money from several shopkeepers.
收税员受到指控,罪名是向几个店主勒索钱财。
（3）vt. vi （常与up连用）使充电
［例句］ If the red light comes on, it means the battery isn’t charging.
如果红灯亮，就表示电池没有充电。
Does your car battery charged easily
你那辆汽车的蓄电池容易充电吗
［考例］ It looks as if they are going to a lot of money for the concert hall.
A. demand B. cost C. charge D. ask
(Key: C)
His electrical bicycle will get fully in eight hours.
A. electrified B. charged C. electrifying D. charging
(Key: B)
Others followed even before the whole string was wet, and I was able to collect a great deal of electricity in the condenser.
follow
［释义］ (1) vt.& vi. 在……之后发现(发生),继之而来
［例句］ I’m sending the letter today, the package will follow later.
我今天先寄这封信,包裹随后再寄.
The flash of lightening was followed by loud thunder.
闪电之后紧接着就是隆隆的雷声.
（2）vt. &vi. （常与after连用）跟随
［例句］ The boy followed his father out of the room.
这男孩跟着父亲走出了房间。
We shall follow closely the latest advance of the subject in the world.
我们将密切注意世界上这一课题的最新进展。
(3) vt. vi. 明白；懂
［例句］ I didn't follow his line of reasoning.
我不明白他的推理方法。
I didn’t quite follow what you’re saying; could you explain it again
我不太明白你的话，你能再解释一下吗？
［［词组］］ a great deal of许多,大量, 常修饰不可数名词。
［例句］ Canada has a great deal of coal, oil and gas.
加拿大有丰富的煤, 石油和天然气.
［辨析］ a great deal of, a number of, a lot of, a great many , many a,
以上几个［词组］都表示“很多”的含义，但后面所跟的［结构］不同。
a great deal of表示数量多，后跟不可数名词，意为“大量的”。
［例句］He has given me a great deal of help.
他已给我大量的帮助。
a great /good deal可做名词短语,表示很多东西(事物,情况等).还可作副词短语, 修饰动词,形容词, 特别是比较级,表示 “非常,很多”.
［例句］I learned a great deal from my visit here .
我通过这次旅行学到了很多。
a number of表示数量多，后跟可数名词复数，意为“很多，好些”，也可用numbers of.
［例句］I have a number of things I must see to.
我有很多要处理的事情。
a lot of也表示数量多，后可跟可数名词复数，也可跟不可数名词，意为“很多”，也可用lots of.
［例句］There are such a lot of people who had the same experience.
有那么多有相同经历的人。
What a lot of time you take to dress!
你竟花了那么长时间打扮。
There are lots of things I could do.
我能做很多事情。
a great many也表示数量多，后跟可数名词复数，意为“很多，大量”，也可用a good many.
［例句］On our way to the hotel, I asked him a great/good many questions.
在回旅馆的路上，我问他很多问题。
many a也表示数量多，但其后要加名词单数，意为“很多，大量”。
［例句］For many a day it rained.
已经下了好几天雨了。
［例句］I’ve been there many a time.
我从在这里的访问中学到了很多.
［考例］After studying Japanese for some time. I found that
Japanese words came from Chinese.
A. a great deal of B. a good many
C. the number of D. a plenty of
(Key: B)
Add a tail to the frame and tie a long string to the cross so you can control the kite.
［［词组］］add…to… 增加，添加
［例句］Would you like to add anything to what I’ve said, John
约翰，请对我所说的话做点补充，好吗？
Add a few more names of labourers to the list.
名单上再加上几个工人的名字。
［［词组］］ tie…to…表示 “把……绑在……上”
［例句］Don’t tie the horse to the young tree.
不要把马栓在小树上。
Tie the boat to the dock.
把船系在码头上。
［［结构］］这是一个 “祈使句+AND+主句”的重要句型., 相当于 “if引导的条件状语从句+主句”.注意,前后句表示转折含义,and改为or.有时该句型中祈使句可以省略为名词［词组］,基本意思不变。
［例句］Go through the gate and you’ll find a small lake on your right.
穿过这个大门,你会发现右边有个小湖.
Work harder and you will find it not difficult to learn.
努力学习,你会发现这并不难学.
First, fix a very sharp piece of metal, pointing a foot or more above the frame, to the top of the longer stick of the cross.
fix vt.
［释义］ 使固定, 安装
［［结构］］ fix something to some place 使……固定在某处
［例句］ She fixed a new handle on the door.
她在门上安了个新把手.
He fixed a picture to the wall.
他往墙上贴了张画。
［例句］fix one’ eyes on/upon something 眼睛盯着某处看
fix one’s attention on/upon something 思想集中于某物
［考例］ Don’t be discouraged. things as they are and you will enjoy every day of your life.
A. Taking B. To take C. Take D. Taken
(Key: C)
Take care that the string does not touch the wall or the door.
Fly the kite when a thunderstorm appears to be coming on.
appear vi.
［释义］(1) 看来好象，看来似乎
［例句］ He appears to want to leave.
他看来要走。
Babies of two months old do not appear to be reluctant to enter the water.
两个月的婴儿看来不象是不肯下水的。
(2) 出现
［例句］ The sun appeared on the horizon.
太阳在地平线上出现。
A car appeared over the hill.
山上出现了一辆小汽车。
注：appear作“好像，似乎”解时，常接动词不定式的一般式；进行式（to be doing表示动作在持续进行）或完成式（to have done表示动作先于appear已经完成或持续了一段时间）。
［考例］ Do let your mother know all the truth. She appears everything.
A. tell B. to be told
C. to be telling D. to have been told
(Key: D)
Integrating skills:
In Britain, every year 2.5 million animals die in experiments to develop and test new medicines.
［［结构］］句中不定式to develop and test new medicines作定语，修饰experiments。
［例句］She is the last person to do such a thing.
她是最不愿做这种事情的人。
develop vt.
［释义］(1) 发展；壮大；完善；生长
［例句］Several industries are developing in this area.
几种工业正在这个地区发展。
Some children develop more slowly than others.
有的儿童比其他儿童发育得慢。
(2)开发，利用（土地、水利资源等）
［例句］Scientists are developing new drugs to treat arthritis.
科学家们在研制治关节炎的新药。
The site is being developed by a London property company.
这块地正由伦敦的一家地产公司开发利用。
(3) 显影；冲洗
［例句］The manager asked John to take the film to be developed.
经理让约翰把胶卷送去冲洗。
He is developing a photograph
他正在冲洗照片。
There is no doubt that 100 years ago animal testing was cruel but today animals in experiments are very well taken care of.
［［结构］］ There is no doubt that …… 后接从句,意为 “毫无疑问”.
［例句］ There is no doubt that he is guilty.
毫无疑问,他是有罪的.
There was no doubt that he was a fine scholar.
毫无疑问，他是个好学者。
注：句中that引导的名词性从句是对名词doubt的解释说明。许多抽象名词之后可以使用that从句。
［例句］The news that our team won the game made us excited.
我们队赢得比赛的消息使我们很兴奋。
They did not believe the report that the plane crashed.
他们不相信飞机失事的报道。
Using animals for medical science is much more important.
［［结构］］Using animals for medical science在这里是动名词做主语，谓语动词用单数。
［例句］Seeing is believing. 眼见为实。
句中much more important表示“重要得多”。Much用来修饰比较级，用以加强程度。类似用来修饰比较级的词还有：far, even, a little, a bit, still, any, no, by far, twice, many等。
［例句］Unit 4 is much easier than Unit 1.
第四单元比第一单元容易得多。
［考例］
When the kite and the string are wet from the rain, they will conduct the electricity very well.
Conduct vt.
［释义］(1) 导电
［例句］Copper conducts electricity better than other materials do.
铜比其它物质的导电性好。
Metal conducts electricity.
金属导电。
［释义］ 指挥
［例句］He conducted the orchestra.
他指挥这个管弦乐队。
Who will conduct this evening
今晚谁是指挥？
［释义］（3） (行为)表现
［例句 You should conduct yourself well at the dinner party.
你必须在晚会上好好表现。
Your children conduct themselves well.
你的孩子们表现甚佳。
［释义］（4）引导；带领
［例句］He conducted me around the museum.
他带我参观博物馆。
The guide conducted us on a tour of the oldest museum in the country.
导游带我们游览了这个国家最老的博物馆。
［释义（5） 经营；管理；控制；主持
［例句］The manager conducted his business carefully.
经理把他的公司经营得很好。
My aunt conducts her business very successfully.
我的婶婶把企业经营得很成功。
［考例］ All the experiments by Mr. Johnson turned out to be failures, but he would not give up.
A. conducted B. conducting
C. had conducted D. conduct
(Key: A)
1. We can learn by e that oil and water will not mix.
2. The handbag won't f properly.
3. A s of humour is a great asset for a person.
4. He is c to animals.
5. At the end of an hour's play the a lay definitely with him.
6. Facts have p that the creative power of the people knows no limits.
7. She was a great c to me when I was ill.
8. I found the c of her story very exciting.
9. The a of new scientific discoveries to industrial production methods usually increases efficiency.
10. It was a great s for him when his wife died.
1. experiment 2. fasten 3. sense 4. cruel 5. advantage
6. proved 7. comfort 8. conclusion 9. application 10.shock
1.It looks as if they are going to _________ us a lot of money for the concert hall.
A. demand　 B. cost
C. charge D. ask
2．Plastic and rubber won't _________ electricity, but copper will.
A. have B. do
C. pass D. conduct
3. _________ that he had fallen behind, he tried to work harder.
A. Having realized B. Realized
C. Realize D. To realize
4．As time passed by, the theory he had stuck correct.
A. to prove B. proved
C. to proved D. to proving
5．The number of students in my class forty-six, but a number of them boys.
A. was; were B. were; was C. was; was D. were; were
6． no chance that they’ll show up at the meeting.
A. It is B. There is C. This is D. They have
7．It is well known that Thomas Edison the electric lamp.
A. invented B. discovered C. found D. proved
8．---Now that you like the car so much, why not drive it back
---Well, I can’t afford car.
A. that big a B. a that big
C. that a big D. a big that
9． is no doubt he will pass the final examination.
A. There; that B. It; if
C. It; whether D. There; whether
10．As we joined the big crowd, I got from my friends.
A. separated B. spared
C. lost D. missed
11． Such heavy pollution already, people here realized the importance of protecting the environment.
A. Having suffered B. Suffering
C. To suffer D. Suffered
12．That year his total income, with his rewards , 1200 Yuan.
A. added to; added up to B. added; added to
C. added up to; added D. adds to; adds up to
13．He me ￥10 for the repair of my bike, but at first he said to me that would be done .
A. in charged; charge for nothing B. charged; out of the charge
C. free of charge; charged D. charged; free of charge
14．The doctor did for the patient, so he is better now.
A. a great deal; a great deal of B. a great deal of; a great deal
C. a great deal; a great deal D. a great deal of; a great deal of
15．You'd better get all the work _________ before you leave.
A. finishing B. to finish
C. finished D. be finished
16. There is no doubt will win the match if you go on like this.
A. if B. why C. that D. how
17. I didn’t hear the phone. I asleep.
A. must be B. must have fallen
C. should have been D. would have been
18. Peter come with us tonight, but he isn’t very sure yet.
A. must B. may C. can D. will
19. ----Is John coming by train
----He should, but he not. He likes driving his car.
A. must B. can C. need D. may
20. She earns a very good salary at the company, so I think she be deep in debt.
A. mustn’t B. needn’t C. can’t D. shouldn’t
1---5 CDACA 6---10 BAAAA 11---15 AADCC 16---20 CBBDC
Unit 17 Great Women
Warming up &listening &speaking
1). What are these women known for
［［词组］］be known for 因……而著名（多指以某种长处或特征著名）
［例句］Madam Curie is known for her discovery of radium.
居里夫人因发现镭而著名。
［拓展］be known as 以……著名（尤指以某种身份著名）
［例句］Zhang Yimou is known as a film director.
张艺谋是个著名得电影导演。
［拓展］be known to sb. 被某人知晓
［例句］The Great Wall is known to all the Chinese.
全中国人都知道长城。
［考例］My classmate is known his beautiful songs and dances.
A. at B. of C. for D. from
(Key: C)
2). Do you know a woman who really inspires you
inspire vt.
［释义］激励或鼓舞某人
［［结构］］ inspire sb. with sth. 或inspire sth. in sb.
［例句］ Our first sight of the dingy little hotel did not inspire us with much confidence.
我们一见到那旅店昏暗肮脏，心里就很不痛快。
I was inspired to work harder than ever before.
我受激励比以往任何时候都更加努力地工作。
［拓展］inspiration n. 灵感；灵机
［例句］Poets and artists often draw their inspiration from nature.
诗人与艺术家往往由自然得到灵感。
Dante was the inspiration for my book on Italy.
但丁是促使我写有关意大利这本书的灵感。
［考例］The leader called on his people greater efforts to drive the enemy out of their country.
A. inspired; making B. inspiring; to make
C. inspiring; making D. inspired; to make
(Key: B)
3). It has often been said that life is difficult as it is. For women it sometimes seems twice as difficult. 人们常说现实生活已经够艰难的了. 而对于女人来讲, 生活有时更难.
［［结构］］“It’s said that…”是常见的句型, 是 “People say that…”的被动语态. 类似的［结构］还有: It’s reported that…,. It’s thought that…, It’s hoped that…, It’s believed that…等。
［例句］It was said that the population of males is larger than that of females in China.
据说中国男性人口高于女性人口.
It is said that Pearl S Buck wrote a book called The Good Earth.
据说赛珍珠写了一本叫《红土地》的书。
［考例］
［［结构］］ “as it is”也是固定［结构］,意为 “根据现在的情况看, 以现在的样子看”, 常用于句子开头或结尾. 如:
［例句］I thought things would get better, but as it is they are getting worse.
我想事情总会好转,但照现在的情形看,只会更糟.
［考例］Don’t say anything else; you’re in enough trouble .
A. as it is B. as you are
C. as are you D. as is it
(Key: A)
［［结构］］“twice as difficult” 这是一个表示倍数的句型。在英语中，倍数的表达通常用以下三种句型。
1）用来形容表示甲是乙的几倍时，有下面三个句型，用副词表示则一般只用前两个句型。
a. 倍数＋形容词（副词）的比较级＋than…
［例句］This hall is five times bigger than our classroom.
这个大厅是我们的教室的六倍。（这个大厅比我们教室大五倍。）
The room is twice bigger than me .
这个房间比我的大两倍。
b. 倍数＋as+形容词（或much）或副词＋as…
［例句］The room is twice as big as mine.
这个房间是我的两倍大。
c. 倍数＋the size(length, height…) of…
［例句］The room is twice the size of mine.
这个房间是我的两倍大。
2) 用名词表示“量”的倍数时，则用以下两个句型：
a. 倍数＋more+名词（可数，不可数）＋than…
［例句］There are four times more books in our library than in yours.
我们图书馆的藏书比你们图书馆多四倍。
b. 倍数＋as many(或much)+名词＋其它+as…
［例句］There is three times as much water in this pot as in that one.
这个壶里的水是那个壶里的三倍。
［考例］Americans eat as they actually need every day.
A. twice as much protein B. twice protein as much as
C. twice protein as much D. protein as twice much
(Key: A)
4). generous
［释义］adj. 慷慨的，大方的
［例句］He is very generous — he often buys things for other people.
他很大方，经常为别人买东西。
5). mean
［释义］adj. 吝啬的，自私的
［考例］be mean with sth.
［例句］Peter's father was very mean; he never gave Peter any new clothes.
彼得的父亲很小气，他从不给彼得添新衣服。
6). miserable
［释义］adj. 悲惨的，不幸的， 可怜的
［例句］The child is cold, hungry, and tired, so of course he's feeling miserable.
这孩子又冷、又饿、又疲劳,当然他感到很痛苦。
7). dull
［释义］adj.迟钝的，呆笨的
［例句］dull pupils
愚笨的学生
Reading:
1). What will you take with you 你会随身带什么？
［词组］take sth. with sb. 随身携带某物
［例句］She went out of the room, taking the flowers with her.
她拿着花走出了房间。
Mother told me to take the umbrella with me in case of rain.
由于可能要下雨，妈妈让我随身戴上伞。
2). What else, but a journey at the opposite end of the world, Antarctica.
［［结构］］这是一个省略句，完整的应该是：
What else should I do, but a journey at the opposite end of the world, Antarctica to celebrate my 60th birthday.
［释义］but prep 除了……以外
［用法］与except同义。常与不定代词nobody, nothing, no one等连用。也可以接that从句。
［例句］There was nothing to be seen but a few lights.
那里除了一些灯之外，没什么好看的。
Everyone has known it but you.
除了你，大家都知道这件事。
My Dog team weren’t with me to pull my sled.
［用法］team在这里是集体名词，单复数同形。这类集合名词常见的有：class, family, team, party, herd, crew, committee, enemy等，其谓语动词既可用单数，又可用复数。根据说话人的心理意向，若把这个集合名词所表示的人或事物看作一个整体，就认为是单数，用动词的第三人称单数。若把这个集合名词所表示的人或事物看作若干个个体的话，就认为其为复数，用复数动词。
［例句］The family is happy one.
这是个非常幸福的家庭。（family在此句中是个整体）
The class are interested in his lecture.
班上的学生对他的讲座很感兴趣。（class在此句中指班级中的个体）
3). Another journey of challenge and danger was about to begin.
［结构］ be about to 正要，刚要做某事
［例句］He is about to leave for Beijing.
他马上要去北京。
Mr. White was about to begin, but Jennie spoke first.
怀特先生刚要开始，詹妮先说了。
注：be about to不能与tomorrow, next week等表示明确将来时间的时间状语连用。
［考例］ I met the girl student at the school gate as she home that afternoon.
A. was about to go B. was just leaving
C. about was going D. was just left
（Key: A）
4). But changes were just around the corner.
［词组］be just around the corner 马上要发生
［例句］The Spring Festival is around the corner.
春节即将来临。
Good times are just round the corner.
好日子近在眼前。
5). On the third day I was struggling through stormy weather and during the next week the wind grew stronger and I found myself spending a whole day in my tent.
(1) Struggle
［释义］ vi.(1) 搏斗，挣扎（常与with, against连用）
He struggled out of the net which had trapped him.
他从罩住他的网里挣脱出来。
The shopkeeper struggled with the thief.
店主和窃贼搏斗起来。
(2) 奋斗，作出极大努力（常与for, to连用）
The two leaders are struggling for power.
那两位领导人在争夺权力。
The teacher struggled to control his temper.
他努力控制自己的脾气。
（2）grow
［释义］link. Verb 变得”。
［用法］这类连系动词表示主语变成什么样，主要包括以下几个动词：become, grow, turn, fall, get, go, come, run等。
［例句］His brother fell ill suddenly.
他弟弟突然病了。
“find oneself…”的意思是 “发现自己处于某种状态中或正在做某事,不知不觉地”, 后面常常跟动词的---ing形式或---ed形式做宾语补足语, 也常加形容词或介词短语.如:
I found myself (to be) in a dark forest.
我发现自己在漆黑的森林中。
We went to her home but we found her out.
我到她家后发现她不在家。
Mathilde found the borrowed necklace missing.
玛蒂尔德发现借来的项链不见了。
When he woke up, he found himself tied to a tree.
他醒来之后，发现自己被绑在一棵树上。
注：能接v-ing形式作宾语补足语的动词还有：
（1）see sb. (sth.) + v-ing形式 看见某人、某物正干某事
［例句］：I saw the boys playing football on the playground.
我看见男孩们在操场上踢足球。
（2） feel sb. (sth.) doing sth. 感觉到某人（某物）正在做某事
［例句］： He felt cold air blowing against his face,
他感到冷风吹到他的脸上。
（3）have sb. (sth.) doing sth. 让某人（物）正在做某事
［例句］：He had his son studying at home all the day.
他让他的儿子一整天在家学习。
（4）hear sb. (sth.) doing sth. 听见某人（物）正在干某事
［例句］： I heard him singing an English song.
我听见他正在唱英语歌。
（5）watch sb. (sth. ) doing sth. 观看某人（物）正在干某事
［例句］： Who watched the UFO flying in the sky
谁看到了正在飞的不明飞行物？
（6）notice sb. (sth. ) doing sth. 注意到某人（物）正在干某事
［例句］： When I passed his room, I noticed him reading newspaper.
我经过他的房间时，我注意到他在读报纸。
（7）catch sb. (sth. ) doing sth. 发现某人（物）正在干某事
［例句］： Who caught her lying under the tree？
谁发现她躺在树下？
（8） listen to sb. (sth. ) doing sth. 听某人（物）正在干某事
［例句］：We listened to her singing.
我们正听她唱歌。
（9）keep sb. (sth.) doing sth. 使某人（物）保持某种状态
［例句］： Let’s keep the fire burning all night.
让火整夜烧着。
（10）get sth. doing sth. 使得某物做某事
［例句］： Let’s get the machine running again.
让机器重新运转。
（11）leave sb. (sth.) doing sth. 使某人（物）保持某种状态
［例句］： He left his books lying about.
他把书到处摊着。
［考例］： I found her with Tom just now when I got there.
A. talked B. talk C. to talk D. talking
答案： d
I had traveled only two hours one day when the winds increased so much that I had to put my tent up before the wind became too strong to do so.
So…that…或such…that…常用来引导结果状语从句。So和such与其后的词的搭配规律如下：
Such是形容词，修饰名词或名词［词组］；so是副词，修饰形容词或副词。so还可与表示数量的形容词many, much, few, little连用，形成固定搭配。
如：so beautiful a flower such a beautiful flower
so many flowers such beautiful flowers
so much/little money such huge stones
so many people such a lot of people
注：so many已成固定搭配，a lot of相当于many,但a lot of是名词性的，只能用such搭配。
too…to… 太……而不能
(1) too＋形容词＋不定式
a. 不定式可以指句子的主语而言，此时它具有主动含义。如：
He was too drunk to drive home.
他醉得太厉害了，没法开车回家。
My father was too tired to go on with the work.
我父亲太疲劳了，无法继续这项工作。
b. 不定式也可以指动词的宾语而言，此时它具有被动含义。如：
The pan was too hot to touch.
锅烫得没法摸。
该［结构］中不定式前可以加上for+名词或代词：
The question is too difficult for such a young boy to understand.
这个问题对于这么小的孩子来说，太难理解。
c. 与此类似的情况是，不定式可以指介词的宾语而言。
The grass was too wet for us to sit on.
草地太湿了，我们不能坐。
（2）too+形容词＋a＋名词＋不定式
He was too shrewd a businessman to accept the first offer.
他是个极为精明的生意人，不会接受第一次报价。
（3）too+副词＋不定式
He spoke too quickly for me to understand.
他说得太快，我无法理解。
6). On November 12th the storm died away.
在11月12日，暴风雨停了。
短语：die away: become so faint or weak that it is no longer noticeable.
减弱，淡化
［例句］： The noise of the car died away in the distance.
汽车的声音消失在远方。
The breeze has died away.
微风渐渐止住了。
有关die的其它［词组］： die down, die off, die out
die down: gradually become less strong, loud, noticeable, etc. 逐渐减弱、降低、察觉不到等。
［例句］： These rumors will soon die down. 这些谣言不久就会逐渐消失。
Die off: die one by one. 一一死去
［例句］： The members of this family had all died off.
这家人一个个都死了。
Die out：(of a family or species, etc.) no longer have any members left alive. (指家族，物种等)灭绝，绝迹。
［例句］： The moth’s habitat is being destroyed and it has nearly died out.
这种蛾子因栖息地正遭受破坏而几乎绝迹。
7). It was my birthday and I wanted to make that day special.
今天是我的生日。我想让这一天过得特殊一些。
句中的形容词special在这里作宾语补足语，补充说明动词make的宾语day. 宾语补足语用来说明宾语所表示的人或物的属类、性质、状态等。宾语和补语在［结构］上是主谓关系。宾语补足语通常由以下词和短语［结构］构成：
（1）名词
Can you recommend me a good novel
你能给我推荐一本好的小说吗？
（2）形容词和副词
He declared the meeting official.
他宣布这次会议是正式的。
（3）介词短语
They considered her above others.
（4）不定式短语
Mary persuaded me to accept the salary.
玛丽劝我接受这份薪水。
（5）动词的-ing或动词的-ed分词
I found the forest quite frightening.
我发现这片森林很吓人。
I found my wallet stolen.
我发现我的钱包被偷了。
A few days later, I was moving forward over a slope that seemed safe when suddenly without warning my world dropped out from under my skis.
几天以后，正当我滑过一个看似安全的斜坡时，突然之间，在毫无预示的情况下，我的世界从雪橇下崩塌了。
（1）that seemed safe是由关系代词that引导的定语从句，修饰先行词slope。
（2）drop out
a. 不参加，退出，离去
He dropped out of the team after five days.
五天之后，他退出了那个队。
b. 隐退，隐居
（3）from under my skis 从我的雪橇下
介词短语under my skis在这里作另一个介词from的宾语。又如：
Please stay until after supper.
8). I had fallen into a hole and was hanging on the ropes tied to the sled.
我跌进一个洞中，被挂在绑在雪橇上的绳子上。
（1）fall into: a. 落入，陷入
Don’t let it into your enemy’s hands.
别让它落入你的敌人手中。
b. （偶然）开始
I fell into conversation with someone who said he knew you.
我同一个说认识你的人随便交谈起来。
c. 分成
This topic falls into three sections.
这个论题可分成三个部分。
（2）hang
a. 作“悬挂”讲时，过去式和过去分词分别是：hung, hung.
I hung my coat up on a hook.
我把外套挂在挂钩上。
b. 作“吊死”讲时，过去式和过去分词分别是：hanged, hanged. 如：
The prisoner will be hanged on Nov. 12.
这位犯人将在11月12日被绞死。
(3) 句中tied to the sled是过去分词作后置定语，相当于定语从句that was tied to the sled, 修饰ropes。如：
The bird called Alice is very interesting.
名叫艾丽斯的那只鸟很有趣。
［考例］： ---Is this raincoat yours
---No, mine there behind.
A. hangs B. has hung C. is hanging D. hung
答案： C
9). I used to practise self rescue many times in the mountains where I live and carefully began climbing out.
［释义］：rescue: v. save or bring away somebody or something from danger, capacity. （从危险，囚禁中）救出某人，某物。
n. rescuing or being rescued. 搭救，解救，救助
［例句］：Police rescued the hostages.
警方解救出了人质。
A wealthy sponsor came to our rescue with a generous donation.
有个富有的赞助人慷慨来解救我们。
10). I was thankful for all the training I had had.
我很感激自己曾经接受的所有训练。
(1) be thankful (to sb.) for sth. 对…….心存感激
［例句］: I’m most thankful to my coach for his help.
我很感激教练的帮助。
（2）句中I had had是由关系代词that引导的定语从句，修饰先行词training。由于关系代词在从句中作宾语，故可以省略。这里的关系代词不能由which代替，因为先行词被all修饰。
注：只能用that作定语从句的关系代词的情况：
1． 在不定代词，如：anything, something, nothing, the one, all, much, few, little, any等先行词时，只用that,不用which。
2． 先行词有the only, the very, all修饰时，只用that.。
3． 在there be句型中，只用that。
4． 先行词有序数词、形容词最高级修饰时，只用that。
5． 先行词既有人又有物时，只能用that。
［例句］：All that is needed is a supply of water.
I was so optimistic that I decided that the next day, the 22nd day of the expedition, I would increase my workday to 12 hours.
我非常乐观，决定在第二天，也就是探险的第22天，把工作时间延长到12小时。
句中的the 22nd day of the expedition是the day的同位语。
所谓同位语是指跟在某些名词或代词后，对前者作进一步的解释、说明、补充或概括，但不对前者进行修饰的一种句子成分。同位语主要由以下［结构］充当：
1． 用名词或代词作同位语。
［例句］： We, the Chinese people, are determined to build China into a powerful and prosperous country.
我们中国人民决心将中国建成一个强大的繁荣的国家。
2． 用数词作同位语。
［例句］： Are you two ready
你们俩准备好了吗？
3． 用动名词作同位语。
［例句］： The first plan, attacking at night, was turned down.
第一个计划是夜袭，被拒绝了。
4． 用不定式作同位语。
［例句］：Their latest proposal, to concentrate on primary education, has met with some opposition.
他们最近提出的集中全力于初等教育的提议遭到了某些人的反对。
5． 介词of短语可引出同位语。
［例句］：He lives in the city of Rome.
他居住在罗马城。
6． 用从句作同位语。如：
［例句］： The news that we are having a holiday tomorrow is not true.
明天我们放假的消息是不准确的。
I couldn’t stand on my left leg and my head was woozy from hitting the ground.
我左脚不能站立，头撞在地上，撞晕了。
（1） 短语： stand on one’s left/right leg:
（2） 句中介词from表示原因。
［例句］： He was exhausted from all the sleepless nights.
他由于这些晚上彻夜不眠而筋疲力尽。
woozy: ［释义］：Dazed or confused.
眩晕的：眩晕的或混淆不
I struggled to my knees knowing that somehow I had to put my tent up for shelter.
我知道必须想方法支起帐篷作庇护所，所以挣扎着跪起来。
Shelter: ［释义］：（1）（C） a building or roofed enclosure that gives cover or protection. 庇护所， 避难所， 遮盖物
例子： a wooden shelter in a public garden 公园里的一座木制的遮阳凉棚
an airraid shelter 防空洞
［释义］： （2） （U）cover or protection 遮蔽， 庇护
［例句］： In the storm I took shelter under a tree.
下暴风雨时我在树下躲避。
Everyone ran for shelter when the booming started.
空袭时所有的人都急忙找地方隐蔽起来。
［考例］： In the storm, the three of us took under a big tree at the foot of the hill.
A. a cover B. a shower C. shelter D. care
答案： C
knowing that somehow I had to put my tent up for shelter是现在分词作状语，表示原因。
现在分词作状语还可以表示时间、条件、让步、结果、方式、或伴随情况等等。
［例句］： Arriving in Paris, I lost my way. （现在分词表示时间）
到了巴黎，我迷了路。
Having lived in London for years, I almost know every place quite well.
在伦敦住过多年，我几乎对每个地方都很熟悉。 （现在分词表示原因）
The fire lasted nearly a month, leaving nothing valuable.
大火持续了近一个月，几乎没剩下什么有用的东西。 （现在分词表示结果）
I stood by the door, not daring to say a word.
我站在门旁，不敢说一句话 （现在分词表示方式）
Being more careful, you can make fewer mistakes.
如果你更细心，你会犯更少的错误。 （现在分词表示条件）
It was dark; they had to put their tent the night.
A. up; for B. up; with C. on; for D. off; with
答案; A
from her parents for a long time, Alice is now looking forward to
a letter from them.
A. Having not heard; get B. Heard; got
C. Not having heard; getting D. Hearing; be getting
答案： C
Integrating skills:
Oprah Winfrey is not just a very successful TV personality in the US, she is also a woman who has inspired millions.
欧普拉。温夫蕾不仅仅是美国一位成功的电视名人，而且还是位鼓舞了千百万人的女性。
Personality: ［释义］：(1)(CN) someone who is very famous and often appears in the newspapers, on television etc, especially an entertainer or sports person。 名人，著名人物
［例句］： She is one of the most well-liked TV personalities in our country.
她是我国最受喜爱的电视名流。
(2) (CN&UN)someone's character, especially the way they behave towards other people 个性，性格
［例句］： Despite their different personalities, they became the best of friends.
尽管他们性格不同，他们还是成为好朋友。
inspire: ［释义］：（1）（vt） to encourage someone by making them feel confident and eager to do something 鼓舞
［例句］： We need someone who can inspire the team.
我们需要有一个能鼓舞士气的人。
（2）vt. to make someone have a particular feeling or react in a particular way 使（某人）产生某种感情
［例句］： His driving hardly inspires confidence (in his passengers).
他架车的技术难以让人放心。
（3）vt. to give someone the idea for something, especially a story, painting, poem etc 使产生灵感，启示
［例句］:The story was inspired by a chance meeting with an old Russian duke.
这个故事是由于遇见一位俄罗斯老公爵而产生灵感的。
［考例］： What the teacher said was .
A. inspire B. to inspire
C. inspired D. inspiring
答案： d
In her television shows she makes it possible to talk about great moments and difficulties in people’s lives.
在她的电视节目里，她使人们能够谈论生活中的重要时刻和困难。
［结构］：make it possible to do something 使……成为可能
以上［结构］中it是形式宾语，真正的宾语，是动词不定式，形容词possible作宾语补足语。
She has helped thousands of men and women come to terms with things that bother them and that they could not talk about with others.
她帮助了成千上万的男女， 让他们接受了那些困扰他们和他们不能与人谈论的事情。
Term: ［释义］:（1）A limited period of time. 期限：一段限定的时间
［例句］：He was made captain of the football team for a term of one year.
他被推选为足球队队长，任期一年。
（2）A period when a school or court is in session. 学期，开庭期
［例句］： There are three terms in a school year.
一学年有三个学期。
（3）Often terms: One of the elements of a proposed or concluded agreement; a condition:
常作 terms 条款：计划或确定的协定的一个要素；条件：
［例句］: If you agree to my terms -- free meals and good wages — I will work for you.
如果你同意我的条件，免费用餐并给高薪，我就为你工作。
（4）often terms: The relationship between two people or groups; personal footing:
terms 关系：两个人或团体间的关系；个人关系：
［例句］：She is on good terms with her in-laws.
她与她婆家的人相处得很好
［词组］： come to terms with 甘心忍受（不愉快的处境），妥协，让步
［例句］：
bother: ［释义］：vt. to cause trouble, worry, or annoyance to (someone）esp. repeatedly or continually, in little ways.
烦扰，激怒：打扰或激怒，尤指通过令人烦躁的小事
［例句］： Will it bother you if I turn the television on
我开电视会不会吵着你
词义变形：bother n. 麻烦；焦虑
［例句］： We had a lot of bother finding our way.
我们经过很多麻烦才找到这里。
The guests had a lot of bother finding their way here.
客人们费了很大劲才找到这里。
词语辨析： bother, annoy, trouble, worry
Bother and annoy mean to disturb or disquiet a person so as to evoke moderate anger.
Bother和annoy的意思是打搅或扰乱某人使之生气。
Annoy refers to mild disturbance caused by an act that tries one's patience:
Annoy 指用超过某人耐性的行为引起某人轻微的不安：
The sound of footsteps on the bare floor annoyed the downstairs neighbors.
楼上地板的脚步声吵得楼下住户心烦。
Bother implies troublesome imposition:
Bother 表示烦人的干扰：
Hasn't he bothered them enough with his phone calls
难道他的电话声对别人的干扰还不够吗？
Trouble & worry
The central meaning shared by these verbs is “to cause anxious uneasiness in”:
这些动词共有的中心意义是“使忧虑不安”：
Mary suffers memory lapses that trouble her children。
玛丽患上让她孩子们忧虑的记忆力衰退。
［例句］： Ted Robinson has been worried all the week.
特德.鲁滨逊整整一周来被弄得焦躁不安。
Trouble: vt. to cause inconvenience to someone. （尤用于表示有礼貌的请求）麻烦某人，给（某人）添麻烦
［例句］： May I trouble you for the salt. ］
麻烦你递一下盐瓶。
Worry: vt. To bother or annoy, as with petty complaints.
烦扰：因一点小委屈而打搅或使烦恼
［例句］： The teacher worried that the exam might be too difficult for her students.
老师担心这次考试对她的学生来说可能太难了。
注: trouble和worry都可做名词。
［考例］: People have to _________ lots of hardship before they succeed.
A. put up B. come to terms with
C. enjoy D. do with
答案; B
What surprised us greatly was that he misunderstanding and hardship in his daily life.
A. caught up with B. came to terms with
C. set up D. took up
答案： B
Oprah Winfrey is a black woman whose rise to fame is an inspiring story.
欧普拉。温夫蕾是一位妇女， 她的成名是一个激励人心的故事。
rise：［释义］：(1) n. An increase in price, worth, quantity, or degree.
上涨，增加，升高：物价、价值、数量或程度的增加
［例句］： There’s been a sharp rise in the cost of living.
生活费用已急剧上涨。
固定［词组］：rise and fall 上升和下降
［例句］: the rise and fall of the temperature during the day.
一天中温度的上升和下降
(2) vi. to move f