unit19teaching plan[下学期]
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| 科目 | 英语 | ||
| 更新时间 | 2005-11-19 23:04:00 | ||
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Where there is a will, there is a way. Work hard and you will succeed.
Unit 19 Modern agriculture
Teaching aims and demands
类别 课程标准要求掌握的项目
话题 Talking about modern agriculture and its effects on people’s life
功能 提出建议和作决定（Giving advice and making decisions）In my opinion you should … I think he is right …If I were you … Wouldn’t it be better if …We can’t do both, so … The other idea sounds better to me …We have to make a choice … As far as I can see the best thing would be to …
词汇 Protection technique irrigation pump seed technical import production root insect tobacco golden method tie discovery gardener wisdom practical guide firstly sow condition soil weed remove sunflower generation depend on and so on
语法 It 的用法（2）-----强调句中某一成份能够运用英语的强调结构， 硬气他人对下列内容的注意：事情的执行者-----强调句中的主语：The children often help the parents do the farm work..→It is the children who often help the parents do the farm work…动作的内容和对象-----强调句中的宾语（包括介词的宾语）。例如：Future agriculture should depend on high technology. →It is high technology that future agriculture should depend on.事情发生的地点、时间----强调句中的地点、时间等状语。例如：The farmers produced food for the whole population of China on this arable land. →It was on this arable land that the farmers produce food for the whole population of China.
Goals:
1. Talk about modern agriculture and the effects it has on people’s life
2. Practise giving advice and making decisions.
3. Learn to use “It” for Emphasis
4. Learn to read statistical graphs
5. Write a plan for a vegetable garden
Part I Let’s Listen and Speak
Teaching Aims:
1. Improve the students’ speaking ability by practicing giving advice and making decisions.
2. Enable the students to master the expressions of giving advice and making decisions
3. Get the students to learn more about agriculture.
Teaching procedures:
Step1: Warming up
Sample answers for question 1:
1. People are eating more money, so they want to buy and eat more meat.
Sample answers for question
2. People learn more about healthy food, so they want to eat more fruit.
Sample answers for question
3. Fruit-based alcohol such as wine is better for your health than spirits, so people want to drink more wine and less sprits.
4. Fruit juices are healthier than soft drinks such as color sprits, so people want to drink more juices.
5.Eating fish doesn’t make people as fat as eating meat, so people like eating more fish.
6. When people have more money, they start buying more candy and soft drinks such as cola and sprite; there is a lot of sugar in these products.
7. When people eat more fish and meat, they need more oil to fry fish and meat, so more oil knees to be made.
8. As the population of China grows, more frail (rice and wheat) will be melded, even though each person eats of it, Some of the grain produce is also used to feed pigs, sheep and cattle.
Step2: listening text:
Sample answers for question 2:
Agricultural produce has changed over the past 20 years. China now produces almost 80% more fish and fruit than twenty years ago. The produce of meat over the same period is up about 60%. Oil and sugar are up about 30% each . Grain and cotton are up 10 and 15% respectively. For further sample answers see introduction to this exercise. These changes happen for different reasons.
1. People want to buy different products, so farmers med to grow different things. (Changes in demand)
2. Farmers want to make more money. When they can which they can’t use to grow frail, they will for ex-more fruit trees .In the end; they will bring more fruit to the market. (Changes in supply)
3. Some crops bring in more money than other crops, so some farmers change their produce from growing fruit. In the end, they will bring more fish or fruit to the market. (Changes in supply)
4. If farmers produce more meat (pigs or chickens) they need more animals feed. Besides grass, they will also feed them grain products. So they need to buy more grain, which other farmers need to grow more. (Changes in supply)
Sample answers for question 3:
Changes in eating habits and diets will cause changes to agriculture and may also have both good and bad effects for nature.
1 First, Chinese people are eating more meat. Next, farmers have to raise more pigs, sheep and cattle. So, more grass is needed to feed mo9re sheep and cattle. So, farmers need more grassland. Possibly, they will cut down trees to take more land on which to grow grass.
2 If farmers need to raise more pigs, they need to feed the pigs more food. Next, farmers need to buy more grain to feed the pigs. So, other farmers need to grow more grain. They need more land to grow more grain on their land. They would destroy nature if farmers want to use more land. They may need to use methods that are harmful to the environment.
3 If farmers want to grow different crops they would plant them together. This can be very good for the soil.
4 First people start eating more fish. Then, farmers have to start fish farms and produce more fish. So, farmers have to choose land they can use to turn into fishponds. If farmers use land for fishponds that could not be used for farming, they create more farmland. If in this way farmers make better use of the land, this will help to develop the economy.
5 When people want to eat more fruit, farmers will have to produce more fruit. Many farmers plant fruit trees besides their fields or in places where they cannot grow other crops. In this way farmers make better use of the land, and this will help to develop the economy.
6 First farmers want to grow more different products, because in this way they can make more money. Next, they will plant fruit trees around their fishponds. Also, they will plant trees or crops in places where nothing grew before. Sometimes, they will also change barren land into fishponds. In the end, there will be more variation. The flowers on the fruit trees will attract bees and other insects. Next, the trees will protect the crops from strong winds and hot sunshine. As a result, the environment will benefit from farms with more variation in crops and land use.
Step2: listening text:
Farming and nature are like two flowers on the same tree. When farming goes against nature, all kinds of environmental problems are the result. In ancient times, when people begin using the land, farming was not as it today. Early farmers moved around the country. They burnt a part of a forest and used this land for one or two years. When they could no longer grow crops on the land they moved on and repeated this somewhere else. Agriculture in thus way destroys nature and results in floods and droughts. Some people in South America still practice this kind of farming.
Over the past twenty to twenty-five years, farmers have recognized some old truths, already known to ancient Chinese farmers. Farming should not go against nature. If the soil is too poor, chemicals can help improve it and grow better crops, but this may damage or destroy land surrounding the farms. Instead, farmers should look for other methods. In the early 16th century, brothers Tan and Ciao Zoo of Kiangs Province cheaply bought fields along lakes nobody wanted because they are too wet. They built dikes around the fields turning the fields into fishponds and they became fish farmers. They also planted fruit trees on the dikes and kept chickens and ducks. They were very successful farmers.
Answers to Exercises1:
History of farming farmers in China protection of nature trees
Environmental problems
Answers to Exercises2:
1 True 2 False 3 False 4 True 5 False
Answers to Exercises3:
1 (all kinds of) environmental problems
2 destroy 3 floods
4 droughts 5 farming
6 go against nature 7 too wet
8 farming / growing wheat / growing crops
9 fishponds
10 fish / ducks / chickens 11 fruit trees
Step3:Speaking
Sample dialogue:
A: Here we have a nice piece of land, and I think the best we could do is grow rice . rice is an important product and we can make good money growing rice. Another reason why I think we should grow rice is that the soil is very good for rice and there is plenty of water for irrigation.
B: Well. I disagree. I think it would be wrong to grow rice. We should grow more sugarcane in our area, because sugarcane is easier to grow. There are plans to build a sugar factory near the town and that would bring many jobs to this region. Sugarcane can be grown without much work. There are already many rice farms in the area. Adding another sugarcane farm may make the factory owner decide to build his new factory here.
A: Yes. I have heard about these plans, but it’s far from sure that the factory will be built here. If not, then the sugarcane must be transported to the next town, which would be very good. As far as I can see the best thing to do would be to plant that field with rice.
B: Well, I don’t think any of you is right. We have to make a choice, and in my opinion we should raise pigs. Agricultural products such as sugarcane and rice are produced by many farmers around here. Therefore the prices are low. We’d better use the land to raise pigs.
A: Wouldn’t it be better to plant trees on the land because a lot of wood has been destroyed over the past forty years and we have to protect the environment. We should give something back to nature. Besides, we could cut down some of the trees after a few years and sell the wood.
A: No,. that would be a waste of ground and money . we have to make use of the land. The land area is too small for any real crop growing, and you would only be able to plant just a few trees. We have to make a choice. Pigs raising doesn’t need a lot of space and it can be a way to make a lot of money.
B: You are right about the size of the land. There isn’t much we can do with it because isn’t too small. But I agree with C that the environment in our province had a lot of suffer. Wouldn’t it be better, as C suggests to just leave that piece of land as it is, or as she says plant some trees on it.
…
Part II Let’s Read
Teaching Aims:
1. Enable the students to learn something about modern agriculture from the text.
2. Enable the student to master the new woods and expressions in the text.
3. Get the students to have the ability to grasp the general idea of passage as fast as possible.
Step 1 presentation
We live on food, and everyday we talk about food. As science and technique develop, what happened to agriculture----the source of food How did agriculture develop
Step 2 pre-reading
Look at the pictures of page 45 and discuss the following questions with your partner.
1. Compare traditional and modern farming.
2. What are the advantages and disadvantages of each way.
3. What other changes have happened on farms in the last 100 years
Answers to Exercise 1:
The first picture shows a farmer sitting in the courtyard, in front of the house. There is a basket in front of her and two chickens that can eat from the basket. On this farm, chickens can walk freely in the yard.
The picture below shows a large building in which thousands of chickens sit in small cages. On this farm, chickens sit in cages inside a building.
The second picture shows a pile of animal shit(manure). The picture below shows a bag of chemical fertilizer.
The third picture shows a farmer working on the land with two animals. The animals pull the plough to work the land.
The picture below shows a tractor. In this picture, the farmers use the tractor to work the land.
The fourth picture shows dry, barren land. The earth is so dry that nothing can grow there.
The picture below shows a greenhouse, where plants grow in a building made of glass.
Answers to Exercise 2:
Raising chickens
Small scale Large scale
The farmer can keep only a few chickens.It does not cost a lot to keep the chickens. It is not a lot of work to keep the chickens. The chickens doesn’t have many problems.The chickens are not so fat.The eggs and meat taste very good.The chickens are free. The farmers can keep thousands of chickens.It costs a lot of money to keep the chickens.It’s a lot of work to keep the chicken: feeding, cleaning ect.If chickens get ill, many die or must be killed.The chickens are big and fat.The meat and eggs do not taste so good. [1] The chickens are not free.The farmer can sell the chicken dung.
Fertilisers
Natural fertilizer (manure; also dung) Chemical fertilizer
It’s free or can be bought at low prices.It has a bad smell.It takes a lot of place to store.It is difficult to transport. It’s expensive.It is not a lot of work to mix it with the soil.It has no smell.It takes little place to store.It is easy to transport.
Horsepower
Animals (buffalo; also ox) Machines (Tractor)
They are not so expensive.The “fuel” is cheap (grass , hay ect).They don’t pollute the air.They can be used on different terrain; eg hill slope or wet ground.They need to rest sometimes.You can use them for about 10-20 years.If they get young ones, you get more for free.If they totally “break down”, you can eat them. They are expensive.The fuel is expensive (gasoline).They pollute the air.They can only be used on flat (level)and dry terrain.They don’t need to rest.You can use them for 5-20 or more years if you can get enough spare (repair)parts.
Climate control
Open air Greenhouse
If the weather conditions are bad can lose the crops.The landscape is more beautiful. The land must be good for farming (arable land) Weather conditions are controlled, so they cannot damage crops.It is expensive to build and operate (gas, water, electricity) a greenhouse.If there is a power failure, you may lose crops. The landscape is ugly. Greenhouses can be built where the land is not suitable for farming.
Answers to Exercise 3:
Over the past 100 years there have been changes on farms and in agriculture:
The use of machines, the use of chemical fertilizers, the use of insect killers, the use of food supplement in animal feed, the growth of the farms (bigger farms), doing the work with workers who are not part of the family, growing different crops, ect.
Step 3 skimming and scanning
1.Ask the students to read the text silently and fast to divide the text and get general idea of each part.
Part 1 (para.1): Raising the problem
Part 2 (para.2-3): Comparison (tradition & modern, advantage & disadvantage)
Part3 (para. 4-6): Solving the problem (shortage of land, produce more)
2.Fill the form
1950 --- 1980s 1980s--present
The use of machines eg tractorsThe use of electric pumps for irrigationThe use of chemical fertilizersThe use of insect killersThe use of special seedbeds The use of greenhousesTo make vegetables bigger or betterTo change vegetables so they can grow on poor soilKnowledge from abroad
Step 4 listening
Play the tape recordings of the text for the students listen to. Ask them to pay attention to the pronunciation and intonation.
Step5: Language points
1. Most farms were one-gamily businesses.
Business的用法
（1） 作“业务；（谋生的）职业”讲，可用作可数名词，也可用作不可数名词。如：
Selling books is my business.
（2） 作“买卖，生意，商业”讲，是不可数名词。如：
It is a pleasure to do business with you.
（3） 作“商店，公司，行业”讲，是可数名词。如：
He runs a small business in the town.
（4） 作“职责，任务，关心的事”讲，是不可数名词。如：
A teacher’s business is to help children learn.
2. Although china is a very big country, only seven percent of the land can be used for farming.
百分数的表达法
百分数由“基数词+percent（per cent）”构成。如：53%读作fifty-three percent, 应注意的是percent不能用作复数形式。若百分数部分用作主语，其谓语动词要依其后的名词意义来决定。如：
About sixty percent of the apple is bad.
About sixty percent of the apples are bad.
3. It is on this arable land that the farmers produce food for the whole population of China.
Population 的用法
（1） 表示“某地拥有多少人口”一般用“地点名词+has a population of +基数词”或“The population of +地点名词+is+基数词”结构表示。如
The city has a population of 250 000.
(=The population of this is 250 000.)
(2) 询问或打听某地人口数要用what，而不能用how many或how much。如：
What’s the population of that country
(3) 表示“人口多”常用a large (great) population；表示“人口少”常用a small population，而不用a lot of, many, much, few, little等修饰。如：
The population of Shanghai is large than that of Beijing.
(4) population 作主语时，若表示某地的全体人口，谓语动词用单数；若表示部分人口，谓语动词用复数。如：
One third of the population of this country are farmers.
1． Farmers in China have long used techniques such as fertilization and irrigation to make their land produce more.
such as 意为“例如，诸如词类的”
I visited several cities such as New York, Chicago and Boston.
Some of the European languages came from Latin, such as French, Italian and Spanish.
such as 与 for example
such as用来列举事物，常用在列举的事物和前面的名词之间，但是所列举的事物的数量不能等同于前面所提及事物的总数，否则就应用that is 或者namely；for example主要用于列举说明，一般只列举同类事物中的“一个”，其位置灵活，可置于句首、句中或句末，用标点符号隔开，而such as 只能放在所列举事物之前。如：
He knows several languages, such as English, French and German.
I have three friends, that is / namely, John, Jack and Tom.
Some students, for example, John, lives in the neighbourhood.
2． This saves time and allows farmers to grow an extra crop in each season.
allow 作“允许”解，用作及物动词，主要用于下列4种句子结构中：a. allow+名词/代词；b. allow+含有不定式的复合宾语；c. allow+动名词；d. allow+sb.+介词短语/副词。如：
The law doesn’t allow such an action.
My parents won’t allow me to stay out late.
The policeman wouldn’t allow parking in the street.
The doctor allow her up for two hours each day.
3． More advanced technical information was brought in from abroad in the 1980s.
bring in 带来，引进，提出，挣得。如：
We should bring in new technology.
He’ll bring in an important topic.
He bring in 800 dollars a month.
7. Import of technology and machines, and the international exchange of delegations have helped Chinese farmers improve their production.
improve在此用作及物动词，译为“提高，改进”；也可用作不及物动词，意为“改善，增加，好转”。如：
I want to improve my English.
It most certainly wouldn’t improve me. I’d be the same person I was before.
Their life has been much improved since liberation.
Let’s hope the weather improves before Saturday.
The wine improves with age.
9. It was from the early 1990s that scientists started to develop new techniques to increase agricultural production without harming the environment.
increase用于及物动词，意为“提高；加强”，用作不及物动词意为“增加；增长”。表示“增长到”和“增加了”分别用介词to或by表示。如：
Travel increases one’s knowledge of the world.
The population of this town has increased by five percent.
As time went on, their confidence increased.
Her population has increased from less than 500 000in 1919 to more than seven million.
The wind increased to a tornado.
用名词increase 表示“某时物的增长”时常用an increase in sth.表示，一般不用of；表示“增减，升降”的名词，其后一般用介词in。如：
Increase in population caused a shortage of food.
There has been a sudden fall in temperature after the rain.
10. The temperature is controlled with computers, or kept the same, no matter how the weather is outside.
1) no matter 不管，无论，常与副词when, where, how 及代词who, what, which等连用，组成连词词组，多连接句子，引导让步状语从句。如：
No matter where you may go, I’ll find you.
You can’t go in no matter who you are.
No matter hoe you get there, please be there in time.
2) no matter wh- 引导让步状语从句时可与 whatever, whenever, wherever, however等替换，其意思不变。如：
No matter how (However )we do it, it will be wrong.
No matter who (Whoever ) telephones me, say I’m out.
We’ll have to finish the job, however long it takes.
3) whatever, whoever, whichever还可引导名词性从句，此时不可用no matter…结构替换。如：
Whoever (Anyone who) leaves last much lock the door.
You may choose whichever (=any one that )you like.
4) 疑问词和ever分开时，ever=on earth or in the world意为“到底、究竟”，起强调作用。如：
What ever can this mean
Who ever wants this
5) however作副词常用于插入语，表示“可是，然而”，起转折作用。如：
I’d like to go with you; however, my hands are full.
11. It was developed using a technique known as GM.
known as GM 是过去分词短语作后置定语，相当于定语从句（which / that was ） known as GM.
1) be known as 被称为， 以…知名，后接身份、职业的名词。主语与as 的宾语构成主表关系。如：
He is known as a fair judge.
Yang Liwei is known as a successful astronaut.
2) be known (famous)for 因……众所周知，强调出名的原因。
Donghai is known / famous for its crystal.
3) be known by 凭……而知名，by 表示手段或标准。
One can be known by his words and deeds.
4) be known to 为……所知，强调宾语了解或熟悉主语。如：
He is known to everyone as a good doctor.
12．The tomato is one of nearly 4 500 different plants that are genetically modified.
nearly 意为“几乎，差不多”，一般情况下可和almost 互换，常用来修饰表示感觉、心境的动词和形容词，也可用来指时间、空间、程度的相差无几。如：
He almost / nearly knocked me down before he saw me.
Tom almost / nearly didn’t hear what I said.
My sister almost / nearly always goes to school at 7 o’clock.
提示：almost 比 nearly 所表示的意思更加接近。
辨析：nearly与 almost
在表示思想状况或感情时，通常用almost 而不用nearly。
被修饰的词是 no, nothing, nobody, nowhere 等表示否定意义的词时，需用almost 不用nearly。和too， more than连用时，用almost 而不用nearly。被very， pretty 或not等修饰时，用 nearly 而不用almost。如：
You can almost image you were in Switzerland.
The speaker said almost nothing worth listening to.
There is almost more than we feared.
There is not nearly enough money for a new car.
在“one of +复数名词”结构后的定语从句中，谓语动词一般根据实际情况与one 或of 后的复数名词保持一致。如：
This is one of the doors that were damaged.
This is one of the doors that was damaged.
12．A variety of GM watermelons will be seedless and there is GM rice,…
a variety of 的意思是“多种多样的，各种各样的”。例如：
The shop has a variety of toys.
通常a variety of = various
She showed a variety of flowers = She showed various flowers.
Step6: Post-reading.
Answers to Exercises1:
1 D 2 A 3 C 4 C 5 C
Answers to Exercises2:
Kind How would you change it Why do you want to change it in this way
Fruit watermelon Grow them like blocks instead of balls Easier to store , takes less space
Vegetable onion Make sure they don’t hurt your eyes anymore Easier to peel, and cut
Animal sheep To have red wool Looks funny and then we don’t need to dye wool to make clothes
Part III Let’s Study
Teaching Aims:
1. Get the students to master the structure: It is …that…
2. Get the students to obtain some knowledge about word formation so that they can enlarge their vocabulary.
Language study:
Word study
Answers to Exercises1:
Noun Verb Adjective
Fertiliser fertilise Fertile
Production Produce Productive
Protection Protect Protected
modification Modify modified
1 modified 2 Protecting, protection 3 fertile, ferilisers 4 produce, productive
Grammar
Answers to exercise 1:
1. It is the children who often help their parents do the farm work.
2. It is in 1993 that a tomato was developed that was very different from any growm before.
3. It is the shortage of arable land is the biggest problem for Chinese farmers.
4. It is the plants grown in the greenhouses that are protected from the wind, rain and insects.
5. It is high technology as well as traditional methods that future agriculture should depend on.
Answers to exercise 2:
1. It is Henry who gave George a new tie for his birthday last year.
It was to George that Henry gave a new tie for his birthday last year.
It was a new tie that Henry gave for his birthday last year.
It was last year last that Henry gave George a new tie for his birthday.
2. It was during that period of time that they made three important discoveries.
It was three important discoveries that they made during that period of time.
It was they who made three important discoveries during that period of time.
3. It is in South America that some people still practise this kind of farming.
It is some people in South America who still practise this king of farming.
It is this kind of farming that some people in South America still practise.
Part IV Let’s Read and Write
Teaching Aims:
1. Have the students learn and master the new words and expressions in this text.
2. Improve the students’ reading ability by learning ability by learning the text.
3. Get the students to know something about farming, learn Jia Sixie and dedicate themselves to science.
Step1: Pre-reading
Ask the student to read the passage, and just as for the main reading, ask the students to write down key words that indicate what each paragraph is about or invent a title for each paragraph. That could look as follows:
Para1: About Jia Sixie
Para2: About Qi Min Yao Shu
Para3: About Jia Si Xie’s advice
Step2: Reading
Read the text again and answer the questions:
1. What advice did Qi Min Yao Shu include
2. What should you do first as a farmer
3. What must be done before sowing or planting crops
4. Why did Jia Si Xie let sheep or cows walk on the land
5. What should we do if we want to reach the best harvest
6. Should wheat be planted close together or with space
Answers: 1. It includes the following advice: growing green vegetables and fruit trees, keeping cows, sheep and fish in lakes. There are also instructions for making wine.
2.Firstly as a farmer, you should remember to do things at the right time of the year, if so, your work will be less and the result will be better.
3. Before you sow or plant crops, you must clean rough ground and remove weeds.
4. Because he wanted the animals to destroy the weeds or eat them.
5. If you want to reach the best harvest, you should change the crops in your fields.
6. Wheat should be planted close together instead of with space. Because Jia Sixie did experiments and shown that.
Step3: Language points:
1. He collected information, studied it, did experiments and learnt from the experiences of farmers.
ollect意为“收集，搜集，（人）集合”，可用作及物动词，也可用作不及物动词。如
They collected up all the waste paper after the picnic.
A man who collects taxes is called a tax-collector.
I like collecting stamps very much, and I’ve also collected many foreign staps.
A crowd soon collected at the crossroad to see what had happened.
辨析：collect 和gather
两者都为“收集”之义，作不及物动词时往往可以互换。
作及物动词时，gather 只指把分散的聚集在一起，不突出其选择性或目的性；而collect指有选择、有目的或有计划的收集。Gather 可指将抽象事物收拢。如：
That evening they gathered in my house and talked it till it was late.
Mr White gathered his ideas together before planning his speech.
2. It includes advice on the following subjects: growing green vegetables and fruit trees, keeping cows, sheep and fish in lakes.
following 作为形容词，意为“其次的，接着的；下列的，下述的”，常和the 连用作前置定语。如：
On Saturday we watched football and we went fishing on the following day.
I had to come back the following day.
Answer the following questions.
提示：the following 用作名词意为“如下”，在作主语时，其后谓语动词数的变化应随意义的变化而改变。如：
The following is a list of the applicants.
The following are to be avoided.
3. Firstly, as a farmer you should do things at the right time of the year.
1)firstly 常用于分开并依次列举所述各点。如：
Firstly I’ll mention the advantages, then I’ll mention the disadvantages.
There are three reasons why I hate him; firstly he’s a cheat, secondly he’s a liar, and thirdly/finally he owes me money.
at first指同后来时间对比的一个时间。如：
At first I didn’t understand, but afterwards it became very clear.
You’ll find it difficult at first, but it’ll soon get easier.
辨析：first 与firstly
两者均可表示“首先，第一”之意。First 可用作名词、形容词和副词，而firstly 只能用作副词；first 的使用范围比firstly 大，后者只用于列举事实和理由。
He is always the first to arrive.
George Washington was the first President of the United State.
First come, first served.
Firstly, you should know what profession suits you.
2) right 意为“恰当的，适合的”，用来加强语气。如：
He is the right man for the job.
The shoes were just right in size.
4． If the condition of your soil is not good, you should improve it.
condition用作可数名词。意为“条件；目前的状况；（复数）环境，情形”，用作不可数名词，意为“健康状况；良好状况”。
Her parents allowed her to go, but made it a condition that she should get home before midnight.
Health is one of the conditions of success.
The astronauts soon got used the condition of weightlessness.
The experiment must be carried out under ideal conditions.
She wanted to know more of the conditions which surrounded him.
He is out of condition because he never takes any exercise.
My car is old but in good condition.
on condition that 用作连词，意为“假如，在……条件之下”。如：
I’ll come on condition that my parents are invented , too.
You can go swimming on condition that you don’t go far from the river bank.
辨析：condition 与 state
两者均可表示“情况”，常可互换使用。
condition 表示人或事物由于受周围环境或其他因素的影响而导致的目前存在的“情况、状况”等；state 指人或物在外观、心灵、健康等方面的自然“状况，情况”，常与不定冠词连用，只有单数形式，若说明某一状态或状况，常与介词in 连用。如：
The fruit reached us in good condition/state.
She is in a good state of mind.
The condition of her health prevented her from working.
5.Before sowing or planting crops, rough ground must be cleaned and weeds removed.
形容词rough 的用法
rough 作形容词意为“表面不平的，不光滑的，粗糙的；（指气候、海面或航行）狂暴的；不平静的；（指人或行为）粗暴的，粗鲁的，粗野的，无礼的；（指计划、计算等）粗鲁的”。
This paper feels rough.
You can’t believe such a fine figure was drawn with such rough hands.
Farmers clean rough ground before planting crops.
There was a rough wind last night.
She had a rough crossing to France.
He has a rough speech.
He is rough with her.
I have a rough idea where it is.
Your work is a very rough translation.
6.He also said that it is good to grow different plants next to each other in the same field.
next to 用作介词，意为“（场所、顺序、价值）最接近的，紧挨着，紧次于，除……之外”；用作副词，意为“几乎”（常用于带有否定意义的词汇之前）。如：
Put the chairs and tea tables next to each other.
Our school stands next to No. 1 Hospital.
New York is the largest city next to London.
Next to swimming I like riding best.
It’s next to impossible to driver in this traffic.
It was next to unthinkable that the boy would steal.
Step4:Writing
Answers to Exercise 1
Some of the advice that Jia Sixie gave to farmers in his book Qimin Yaoshu was as follows:
1 Farmers should do things at the right time of the year.
2 Farmers should examine the soil carefully.
3 If the condition of the soil is not good, farmers should improve it.
4 Before sowing or planting crops, farmers should clean rough ground and remove weeds.
5 Farmers should let sheep or cattle (cows ) walk on the land before sowing or planting crops.
6 Farmers should plough the land, so weeds are destroyed.
7 When ploughing the land, farmers should plough deep the first time and less deep the second time.
8 Farmers will get best results if they change crops in their field.
9 If farmers plant rice in a field one year, and wheat in that field the following year, they will harvest good crops.
10 If farmers plant wheat close together, they will have better results than when they plant wheat leaving space between the plants.
11 It is good to grow different plants next to each other in the same field.
Answers to Exercise 2:
Month What will be done
November It’s in November when we have to plough the land for the first time. The ploughing has to be done deep. Spread manure and old leaves on the land and plough them under.
December It’s in December when we should make a plan for our vegetable garden for next year. Check the seeds left over from last year. Repair tools and make a list of new tools to buy.
January It’s in January when we should buy enough seed to plant for two or three drops. Check the condition of the soil. If the soil is not good, you should improve it. Put manure and dead leaves on the land if you did not do this in November. You can also use fertilizers to the soil. Get the seedbeds or seed boxes ready for growing plants such as tomato, pepper and eggplant.
February It’s in February when you should plant the seedbeds. Prepare the land for planting. Let sheep or crows walk on the land. Their manure will improve the soil and will destroy weeds or eat them. Also prepare seeds for planting in April.
March It’s in March when you should give some attention to the early-planted crops. Add a little fertilizer to young crops. Thin the young plants to give them more room to grow. Plough the land a second time to prepare it for the warm-season vegetables.
April It’s in April when you should plant beans, corn, eggplant, peas, peppers, tomatoes and watermelons. Remove weeds and grass.
May It’s in May when you have to watch out for insects. Fight insects and disease when you see them. Water the plants when needed. Build a frame of wood or bamboo for beans to climb on.
June It’s June that you have to harvest vegetables such as beans and peas, onions and potatoes. Store onions and potatoes dry and cool. Prepare the land for planting new crops. Take care of irrigation.
July It’s in June when you should make a plan for the crops you want to plant in autumn. Fight drought with enough irrigation of the land. Remove weeds. Plant second crops for tomatoes, corn and beans. In July it’s the time to plant big pumpkins for Halloween!
August It’s in August when we have to plant broccoli, cabbage, carrots and onions. Make sure to water the plants enough. Harvest ripe fruit and vegetables.
September It’s in September when we harvest green peppers and tomatoes before the cold winter comes. Water and weed the crops that were planted in August.
October It’s in October when the last crops are harvested. Put dead plants, old leaves and other materials together. Store animal manure for use as fertilizer next year. Start thinking about your garden plans for next year.
高一英语下册教案
^1
Unit 19 Modern agriculture
Teaching aims and demands
类别 课程标准要求掌握的项目
话题 Talking about modern agriculture and its effects on people’s life
功能 提出建议和作决定（Giving advice and making decisions）In my opinion you should … I think he is right …If I were you … Wouldn’t it be better if …We can’t do both, so … The other idea sounds better to me …We have to make a choice … As far as I can see the best thing would be to …
词汇 Protection technique irrigation pump seed technical import production root insect tobacco golden method tie discovery gardener wisdom practical guide firstly sow condition soil weed remove sunflower generation depend on and so on
语法 It 的用法（2）-----强调句中某一成份能够运用英语的强调结构， 硬气他人对下列内容的注意：事情的执行者-----强调句中的主语：The children often help the parents do the farm work..→It is the children who often help the parents do the farm work…动作的内容和对象-----强调句中的宾语（包括介词的宾语）。例如：Future agriculture should depend on high technology. →It is high technology that future agriculture should depend on.事情发生的地点、时间----强调句中的地点、时间等状语。例如：The farmers produced food for the whole population of China on this arable land. →It was on this arable land that the farmers produce food for the whole population of China.
Goals:
1. Talk about modern agriculture and the effects it has on people’s life
2. Practise giving advice and making decisions.
3. Learn to use “It” for Emphasis
4. Learn to read statistical graphs
5. Write a plan for a vegetable garden
Part I Let’s Listen and Speak
Teaching Aims:
1. Improve the students’ speaking ability by practicing giving advice and making decisions.
2. Enable the students to master the expressions of giving advice and making decisions
3. Get the students to learn more about agriculture.
Teaching procedures:
Step1: Warming up
Sample answers for question 1:
1. People are eating more money, so they want to buy and eat more meat.
Sample answers for question
2. People learn more about healthy food, so they want to eat more fruit.
Sample answers for question
3. Fruit-based alcohol such as wine is better for your health than spirits, so people want to drink more wine and less sprits.
4. Fruit juices are healthier than soft drinks such as color sprits, so people want to drink more juices.
5.Eating fish doesn’t make people as fat as eating meat, so people like eating more fish.
6. When people have more money, they start buying more candy and soft drinks such as cola and sprite; there is a lot of sugar in these products.
7. When people eat more fish and meat, they need more oil to fry fish and meat, so more oil knees to be made.
8. As the population of China grows, more frail (rice and wheat) will be melded, even though each person eats of it, Some of the grain produce is also used to feed pigs, sheep and cattle.
Step2: listening text:
Sample answers for question 2:
Agricultural produce has changed over the past 20 years. China now produces almost 80% more fish and fruit than twenty years ago. The produce of meat over the same period is up about 60%. Oil and sugar are up about 30% each . Grain and cotton are up 10 and 15% respectively. For further sample answers see introduction to this exercise. These changes happen for different reasons.
1. People want to buy different products, so farmers med to grow different things. (Changes in demand)
2. Farmers want to make more money. When they can which they can’t use to grow frail, they will for ex-more fruit trees .In the end; they will bring more fruit to the market. (Changes in supply)
3. Some crops bring in more money than other crops, so some farmers change their produce from growing fruit. In the end, they will bring more fish or fruit to the market. (Changes in supply)
4. If farmers produce more meat (pigs or chickens) they need more animals feed. Besides grass, they will also feed them grain products. So they need to buy more grain, which other farmers need to grow more. (Changes in supply)
Sample answers for question 3:
Changes in eating habits and diets will cause changes to agriculture and may also have both good and bad effects for nature.
1 First, Chinese people are eating more meat. Next, farmers have to raise more pigs, sheep and cattle. So, more grass is needed to feed mo9re sheep and cattle. So, farmers need more grassland. Possibly, they will cut down trees to take more land on which to grow grass.
2 If farmers need to raise more pigs, they need to feed the pigs more food. Next, farmers need to buy more grain to feed the pigs. So, other farmers need to grow more grain. They need more land to grow more grain on their land. They would destroy nature if farmers want to use more land. They may need to use methods that are harmful to the environment.
3 If farmers want to grow different crops they would plant them together. This can be very good for the soil.
4 First people start eating more fish. Then, farmers have to start fish farms and produce more fish. So, farmers have to choose land they can use to turn into fishponds. If farmers use land for fishponds that could not be used for farming, they create more farmland. If in this way farmers make better use of the land, this will help to develop the economy.
5 When people want to eat more fruit, farmers will have to produce more fruit. Many farmers plant fruit trees besides their fields or in places where they cannot grow other crops. In this way farmers make better use of the land, and this will help to develop the economy.
6 First farmers want to grow more different products, because in this way they can make more money. Next, they will plant fruit trees around their fishponds. Also, they will plant trees or crops in places where nothing grew before. Sometimes, they will also change barren land into fishponds. In the end, there will be more variation. The flowers on the fruit trees will attract bees and other insects. Next, the trees will protect the crops from strong winds and hot sunshine. As a result, the environment will benefit from farms with more variation in crops and land use.
Step2: listening text:
Farming and nature are like two flowers on the same tree. When farming goes against nature, all kinds of environmental problems are the result. In ancient times, when people begin using the land, farming was not as it today. Early farmers moved around the country. They burnt a part of a forest and used this land for one or two years. When they could no longer grow crops on the land they moved on and repeated this somewhere else. Agriculture in thus way destroys nature and results in floods and droughts. Some people in South America still practice this kind of farming.
Over the past twenty to twenty-five years, farmers have recognized some old truths, already known to ancient Chinese farmers. Farming should not go against nature. If the soil is too poor, chemicals can help improve it and grow better crops, but this may damage or destroy land surrounding the farms. Instead, farmers should look for other methods. In the early 16th century, brothers Tan and Ciao Zoo of Kiangs Province cheaply bought fields along lakes nobody wanted because they are too wet. They built dikes around the fields turning the fields into fishponds and they became fish farmers. They also planted fruit trees on the dikes and kept chickens and ducks. They were very successful farmers.
Answers to Exercises1:
History of farming farmers in China protection of nature trees
Environmental problems
Answers to Exercises2:
1 True 2 False 3 False 4 True 5 False
Answers to Exercises3:
1 (all kinds of) environmental problems
2 destroy 3 floods
4 droughts 5 farming
6 go against nature 7 too wet
8 farming / growing wheat / growing crops
9 fishponds
10 fish / ducks / chickens 11 fruit trees
Step3:Speaking
Sample dialogue:
A: Here we have a nice piece of land, and I think the best we could do is grow rice . rice is an important product and we can make good money growing rice. Another reason why I think we should grow rice is that the soil is very good for rice and there is plenty of water for irrigation.
B: Well. I disagree. I think it would be wrong to grow rice. We should grow more sugarcane in our area, because sugarcane is easier to grow. There are plans to build a sugar factory near the town and that would bring many jobs to this region. Sugarcane can be grown without much work. There are already many rice farms in the area. Adding another sugarcane farm may make the factory owner decide to build his new factory here.
A: Yes. I have heard about these plans, but it’s far from sure that the factory will be built here. If not, then the sugarcane must be transported to the next town, which would be very good. As far as I can see the best thing to do would be to plant that field with rice.
B: Well, I don’t think any of you is right. We have to make a choice, and in my opinion we should raise pigs. Agricultural products such as sugarcane and rice are produced by many farmers around here. Therefore the prices are low. We’d better use the land to raise pigs.
A: Wouldn’t it be better to plant trees on the land because a lot of wood has been destroyed over the past forty years and we have to protect the environment. We should give something back to nature. Besides, we could cut down some of the trees after a few years and sell the wood.
A: No,. that would be a waste of ground and money . we have to make use of the land. The land area is too small for any real crop growing, and you would only be able to plant just a few trees. We have to make a choice. Pigs raising doesn’t need a lot of space and it can be a way to make a lot of money.
B: You are right about the size of the land. There isn’t much we can do with it because isn’t too small. But I agree with C that the environment in our province had a lot of suffer. Wouldn’t it be better, as C suggests to just leave that piece of land as it is, or as she says plant some trees on it.
…
Part II Let’s Read
Teaching Aims:
1. Enable the students to learn something about modern agriculture from the text.
2. Enable the student to master the new woods and expressions in the text.
3. Get the students to have the ability to grasp the general idea of passage as fast as possible.
Step 1 presentation
We live on food, and everyday we talk about food. As science and technique develop, what happened to agriculture----the source of food How did agriculture develop
Step 2 pre-reading
Look at the pictures of page 45 and discuss the following questions with your partner.
1. Compare traditional and modern farming.
2. What are the advantages and disadvantages of each way.
3. What other changes have happened on farms in the last 100 years
Answers to Exercise 1:
The first picture shows a farmer sitting in the courtyard, in front of the house. There is a basket in front of her and two chickens that can eat from the basket. On this farm, chickens can walk freely in the yard.
The picture below shows a large building in which thousands of chickens sit in small cages. On this farm, chickens sit in cages inside a building.
The second picture shows a pile of animal shit(manure). The picture below shows a bag of chemical fertilizer.
The third picture shows a farmer working on the land with two animals. The animals pull the plough to work the land.
The picture below shows a tractor. In this picture, the farmers use the tractor to work the land.
The fourth picture shows dry, barren land. The earth is so dry that nothing can grow there.
The picture below shows a greenhouse, where plants grow in a building made of glass.
Answers to Exercise 2:
Raising chickens
Small scale Large scale
The farmer can keep only a few chickens.It does not cost a lot to keep the chickens. It is not a lot of work to keep the chickens. The chickens doesn’t have many problems.The chickens are not so fat.The eggs and meat taste very good.The chickens are free. The farmers can keep thousands of chickens.It costs a lot of money to keep the chickens.It’s a lot of work to keep the chicken: feeding, cleaning ect.If chickens get ill, many die or must be killed.The chickens are big and fat.The meat and eggs do not taste so good. [1] The chickens are not free.The farmer can sell the chicken dung.
Fertilisers
Natural fertilizer (manure; also dung) Chemical fertilizer
It’s free or can be bought at low prices.It has a bad smell.It takes a lot of place to store.It is difficult to transport. It’s expensive.It is not a lot of work to mix it with the soil.It has no smell.It takes little place to store.It is easy to transport.
Horsepower
Animals (buffalo; also ox) Machines (Tractor)
They are not so expensive.The “fuel” is cheap (grass , hay ect).They don’t pollute the air.They can be used on different terrain; eg hill slope or wet ground.They need to rest sometimes.You can use them for about 10-20 years.If they get young ones, you get more for free.If they totally “break down”, you can eat them. They are expensive.The fuel is expensive (gasoline).They pollute the air.They can only be used on flat (level)and dry terrain.They don’t need to rest.You can use them for 5-20 or more years if you can get enough spare (repair)parts.
Climate control
Open air Greenhouse
If the weather conditions are bad can lose the crops.The landscape is more beautiful. The land must be good for farming (arable land) Weather conditions are controlled, so they cannot damage crops.It is expensive to build and operate (gas, water, electricity) a greenhouse.If there is a power failure, you may lose crops. The landscape is ugly. Greenhouses can be built where the land is not suitable for farming.
Answers to Exercise 3:
Over the past 100 years there have been changes on farms and in agriculture:
The use of machines, the use of chemical fertilizers, the use of insect killers, the use of food supplement in animal feed, the growth of the farms (bigger farms), doing the work with workers who are not part of the family, growing different crops, ect.
Step 3 skimming and scanning
1.Ask the students to read the text silently and fast to divide the text and get general idea of each part.
Part 1 (para.1): Raising the problem
Part 2 (para.2-3): Comparison (tradition & modern, advantage & disadvantage)
Part3 (para. 4-6): Solving the problem (shortage of land, produce more)
2.Fill the form
1950 --- 1980s 1980s--present
The use of machines eg tractorsThe use of electric pumps for irrigationThe use of chemical fertilizersThe use of insect killersThe use of special seedbeds The use of greenhousesTo make vegetables bigger or betterTo change vegetables so they can grow on poor soilKnowledge from abroad
Step 4 listening
Play the tape recordings of the text for the students listen to. Ask them to pay attention to the pronunciation and intonation.
Step5: Language points
1. Most farms were one-gamily businesses.
Business的用法
（1） 作“业务；（谋生的）职业”讲，可用作可数名词，也可用作不可数名词。如：
Selling books is my business.
（2） 作“买卖，生意，商业”讲，是不可数名词。如：
It is a pleasure to do business with you.
（3） 作“商店，公司，行业”讲，是可数名词。如：
He runs a small business in the town.
（4） 作“职责，任务，关心的事”讲，是不可数名词。如：
A teacher’s business is to help children learn.
2. Although china is a very big country, only seven percent of the land can be used for farming.
百分数的表达法
百分数由“基数词+percent（per cent）”构成。如：53%读作fifty-three percent, 应注意的是percent不能用作复数形式。若百分数部分用作主语，其谓语动词要依其后的名词意义来决定。如：
About sixty percent of the apple is bad.
About sixty percent of the apples are bad.
3. It is on this arable land that the farmers produce food for the whole population of China.
Population 的用法
（1） 表示“某地拥有多少人口”一般用“地点名词+has a population of +基数词”或“The population of +地点名词+is+基数词”结构表示。如
The city has a population of 250 000.
(=The population of this is 250 000.)
(2) 询问或打听某地人口数要用what，而不能用how many或how much。如：
What’s the population of that country
(3) 表示“人口多”常用a large (great) population；表示“人口少”常用a small population，而不用a lot of, many, much, few, little等修饰。如：
The population of Shanghai is large than that of Beijing.
(4) population 作主语时，若表示某地的全体人口，谓语动词用单数；若表示部分人口，谓语动词用复数。如：
One third of the population of this country are farmers.
1． Farmers in China have long used techniques such as fertilization and irrigation to make their land produce more.
such as 意为“例如，诸如词类的”
I visited several cities such as New York, Chicago and Boston.
Some of the European languages came from Latin, such as French, Italian and Spanish.
such as 与 for example
such as用来列举事物，常用在列举的事物和前面的名词之间，但是所列举的事物的数量不能等同于前面所提及事物的总数，否则就应用that is 或者namely；for example主要用于列举说明，一般只列举同类事物中的“一个”，其位置灵活，可置于句首、句中或句末，用标点符号隔开，而such as 只能放在所列举事物之前。如：
He knows several languages, such as English, French and German.
I have three friends, that is / namely, John, Jack and Tom.
Some students, for example, John, lives in the neighbourhood.
2． This saves time and allows farmers to grow an extra crop in each season.
allow 作“允许”解，用作及物动词，主要用于下列4种句子结构中：a. allow+名词/代词；b. allow+含有不定式的复合宾语；c. allow+动名词；d. allow+sb.+介词短语/副词。如：
The law doesn’t allow such an action.
My parents won’t allow me to stay out late.
The policeman wouldn’t allow parking in the street.
The doctor allow her up for two hours each day.
3． More advanced technical information was brought in from abroad in the 1980s.
bring in 带来，引进，提出，挣得。如：
We should bring in new technology.
He’ll bring in an important topic.
He bring in 800 dollars a month.
7. Import of technology and machines, and the international exchange of delegations have helped Chinese farmers improve their production.
improve在此用作及物动词，译为“提高，改进”；也可用作不及物动词，意为“改善，增加，好转”。如：
I want to improve my English.
It most certainly wouldn’t improve me. I’d be the same person I was before.
Their life has been much improved since liberation.
Let’s hope the weather improves before Saturday.
The wine improves with age.
9. It was from the early 1990s that scientists started to develop new techniques to increase agricultural production without harming the environment.
increase用于及物动词，意为“提高；加强”，用作不及物动词意为“增加；增长”。表示“增长到”和“增加了”分别用介词to或by表示。如：
Travel increases one’s knowledge of the world.
The population of this town has increased by five percent.
As time went on, their confidence increased.
Her population has increased from less than 500 000in 1919 to more than seven million.
The wind increased to a tornado.
用名词increase 表示“某时物的增长”时常用an increase in sth.表示，一般不用of；表示“增减，升降”的名词，其后一般用介词in。如：
Increase in population caused a shortage of food.
There has been a sudden fall in temperature after the rain.
10. The temperature is controlled with computers, or kept the same, no matter how the weather is outside.
1) no matter 不管，无论，常与副词when, where, how 及代词who, what, which等连用，组成连词词组，多连接句子，引导让步状语从句。如：
No matter where you may go, I’ll find you.
You can’t go in no matter who you are.
No matter hoe you get there, please be there in time.
2) no matter wh- 引导让步状语从句时可与 whatever, whenever, wherever, however等替换，其意思不变。如：
No matter how (However )we do it, it will be wrong.
No matter who (Whoever ) telephones me, say I’m out.
We’ll have to finish the job, however long it takes.
3) whatever, whoever, whichever还可引导名词性从句，此时不可用no matter…结构替换。如：
Whoever (Anyone who) leaves last much lock the door.
You may choose whichever (=any one that )you like.
4) 疑问词和ever分开时，ever=on earth or in the world意为“到底、究竟”，起强调作用。如：
What ever can this mean
Who ever wants this
5) however作副词常用于插入语，表示“可是，然而”，起转折作用。如：
I’d like to go with you; however, my hands are full.
11. It was developed using a technique known as GM.
known as GM 是过去分词短语作后置定语，相当于定语从句（which / that was ） known as GM.
1) be known as 被称为， 以…知名，后接身份、职业的名词。主语与as 的宾语构成主表关系。如：
He is known as a fair judge.
Yang Liwei is known as a successful astronaut.
2) be known (famous)for 因……众所周知，强调出名的原因。
Donghai is known / famous for its crystal.
3) be known by 凭……而知名，by 表示手段或标准。
One can be known by his words and deeds.
4) be known to 为……所知，强调宾语了解或熟悉主语。如：
He is known to everyone as a good doctor.
12．The tomato is one of nearly 4 500 different plants that are genetically modified.
nearly 意为“几乎，差不多”，一般情况下可和almost 互换，常用来修饰表示感觉、心境的动词和形容词，也可用来指时间、空间、程度的相差无几。如：
He almost / nearly knocked me down before he saw me.
Tom almost / nearly didn’t hear what I said.
My sister almost / nearly always goes to school at 7 o’clock.
提示：almost 比 nearly 所表示的意思更加接近。
辨析：nearly与 almost
在表示思想状况或感情时，通常用almost 而不用nearly。
被修饰的词是 no, nothing, nobody, nowhere 等表示否定意义的词时，需用almost 不用nearly。和too， more than连用时，用almost 而不用nearly。被very， pretty 或not等修饰时，用 nearly 而不用almost。如：
You can almost image you were in Switzerland.
The speaker said almost nothing worth listening to.
There is almost more than we feared.
There is not nearly enough money for a new car.
在“one of +复数名词”结构后的定语从句中，谓语动词一般根据实际情况与one 或of 后的复数名词保持一致。如：
This is one of the doors that were damaged.
This is one of the doors that was damaged.
12．A variety of GM watermelons will be seedless and there is GM rice,…
a variety of 的意思是“多种多样的，各种各样的”。例如：
The shop has a variety of toys.
通常a variety of = various
She showed a variety of flowers = She showed various flowers.
Step6: Post-reading.
Answers to Exercises1:
1 D 2 A 3 C 4 C 5 C
Answers to Exercises2:
Kind How would you change it Why do you want to change it in this way
Fruit watermelon Grow them like blocks instead of balls Easier to store , takes less space
Vegetable onion Make sure they don’t hurt your eyes anymore Easier to peel, and cut
Animal sheep To have red wool Looks funny and then we don’t need to dye wool to make clothes
Part III Let’s Study
Teaching Aims:
1. Get the students to master the structure: It is …that…
2. Get the students to obtain some knowledge about word formation so that they can enlarge their vocabulary.
Language study:
Word study
Answers to Exercises1:
Noun Verb Adjective
Fertiliser fertilise Fertile
Production Produce Productive
Protection Protect Protected
modification Modify modified
1 modified 2 Protecting, protection 3 fertile, ferilisers 4 produce, productive
Grammar
Answers to exercise 1:
1. It is the children who often help their parents do the farm work.
2. It is in 1993 that a tomato was developed that was very different from any growm before.
3. It is the shortage of arable land is the biggest problem for Chinese farmers.
4. It is the plants grown in the greenhouses that are protected from the wind, rain and insects.
5. It is high technology as well as traditional methods that future agriculture should depend on.
Answers to exercise 2:
1. It is Henry who gave George a new tie for his birthday last year.
It was to George that Henry gave a new tie for his birthday last year.
It was a new tie that Henry gave for his birthday last year.
It was last year last that Henry gave George a new tie for his birthday.
2. It was during that period of time that they made three important discoveries.
It was three important discoveries that they made during that period of time.
It was they who made three important discoveries during that period of time.
3. It is in South America that some people still practise this kind of farming.
It is some people in South America who still practise this king of farming.
It is this kind of farming that some people in South America still practise.
Part IV Let’s Read and Write
Teaching Aims:
1. Have the students learn and master the new words and expressions in this text.
2. Improve the students’ reading ability by learning ability by learning the text.
3. Get the students to know something about farming, learn Jia Sixie and dedicate themselves to science.
Step1: Pre-reading
Ask the student to read the passage, and just as for the main reading, ask the students to write down key words that indicate what each paragraph is about or invent a title for each paragraph. That could look as follows:
Para1: About Jia Sixie
Para2: About Qi Min Yao Shu
Para3: About Jia Si Xie’s advice
Step2: Reading
Read the text again and answer the questions:
1. What advice did Qi Min Yao Shu include
2. What should you do first as a farmer
3. What must be done before sowing or planting crops
4. Why did Jia Si Xie let sheep or cows walk on the land
5. What should we do if we want to reach the best harvest
6. Should wheat be planted close together or with space
Answers: 1. It includes the following advice: growing green vegetables and fruit trees, keeping cows, sheep and fish in lakes. There are also instructions for making wine.
2.Firstly as a farmer, you should remember to do things at the right time of the year, if so, your work will be less and the result will be better.
3. Before you sow or plant crops, you must clean rough ground and remove weeds.
4. Because he wanted the animals to destroy the weeds or eat them.
5. If you want to reach the best harvest, you should change the crops in your fields.
6. Wheat should be planted close together instead of with space. Because Jia Sixie did experiments and shown that.
Step3: Language points:
1. He collected information, studied it, did experiments and learnt from the experiences of farmers.
ollect意为“收集，搜集，（人）集合”，可用作及物动词，也可用作不及物动词。如
They collected up all the waste paper after the picnic.
A man who collects taxes is called a tax-collector.
I like collecting stamps very much, and I’ve also collected many foreign staps.
A crowd soon collected at the crossroad to see what had happened.
辨析：collect 和gather
两者都为“收集”之义，作不及物动词时往往可以互换。
作及物动词时，gather 只指把分散的聚集在一起，不突出其选择性或目的性；而collect指有选择、有目的或有计划的收集。Gather 可指将抽象事物收拢。如：
That evening they gathered in my house and talked it till it was late.
Mr White gathered his ideas together before planning his speech.
2. It includes advice on the following subjects: growing green vegetables and fruit trees, keeping cows, sheep and fish in lakes.
following 作为形容词，意为“其次的，接着的；下列的，下述的”，常和the 连用作前置定语。如：
On Saturday we watched football and we went fishing on the following day.
I had to come back the following day.
Answer the following questions.
提示：the following 用作名词意为“如下”，在作主语时，其后谓语动词数的变化应随意义的变化而改变。如：
The following is a list of the applicants.
The following are to be avoided.
3. Firstly, as a farmer you should do things at the right time of the year.
1)firstly 常用于分开并依次列举所述各点。如：
Firstly I’ll mention the advantages, then I’ll mention the disadvantages.
There are three reasons why I hate him; firstly he’s a cheat, secondly he’s a liar, and thirdly/finally he owes me money.
at first指同后来时间对比的一个时间。如：
At first I didn’t understand, but afterwards it became very clear.
You’ll find it difficult at first, but it’ll soon get easier.
辨析：first 与firstly
两者均可表示“首先，第一”之意。First 可用作名词、形容词和副词，而firstly 只能用作副词；first 的使用范围比firstly 大，后者只用于列举事实和理由。
He is always the first to arrive.
George Washington was the first President of the United State.
First come, first served.
Firstly, you should know what profession suits you.
2) right 意为“恰当的，适合的”，用来加强语气。如：
He is the right man for the job.
The shoes were just right in size.
4． If the condition of your soil is not good, you should improve it.
condition用作可数名词。意为“条件；目前的状况；（复数）环境，情形”，用作不可数名词，意为“健康状况；良好状况”。
Her parents allowed her to go, but made it a condition that she should get home before midnight.
Health is one of the conditions of success.
The astronauts soon got used the condition of weightlessness.
The experiment must be carried out under ideal conditions.
She wanted to know more of the conditions which surrounded him.
He is out of condition because he never takes any exercise.
My car is old but in good condition.
on condition that 用作连词，意为“假如，在……条件之下”。如：
I’ll come on condition that my parents are invented , too.
You can go swimming on condition that you don’t go far from the river bank.
辨析：condition 与 state
两者均可表示“情况”，常可互换使用。
condition 表示人或事物由于受周围环境或其他因素的影响而导致的目前存在的“情况、状况”等；state 指人或物在外观、心灵、健康等方面的自然“状况，情况”，常与不定冠词连用，只有单数形式，若说明某一状态或状况，常与介词in 连用。如：
The fruit reached us in good condition/state.
She is in a good state of mind.
The condition of her health prevented her from working.
5.Before sowing or planting crops, rough ground must be cleaned and weeds removed.
形容词rough 的用法
rough 作形容词意为“表面不平的，不光滑的，粗糙的；（指气候、海面或航行）狂暴的；不平静的；（指人或行为）粗暴的，粗鲁的，粗野的，无礼的；（指计划、计算等）粗鲁的”。
This paper feels rough.
You can’t believe such a fine figure was drawn with such rough hands.
Farmers clean rough ground before planting crops.
There was a rough wind last night.
She had a rough crossing to France.
He has a rough speech.
He is rough with her.
I have a rough idea where it is.
Your work is a very rough translation.
6.He also said that it is good to grow different plants next to each other in the same field.
next to 用作介词，意为“（场所、顺序、价值）最接近的，紧挨着，紧次于，除……之外”；用作副词，意为“几乎”（常用于带有否定意义的词汇之前）。如：
Put the chairs and tea tables next to each other.
Our school stands next to No. 1 Hospital.
New York is the largest city next to London.
Next to swimming I like riding best.
It’s next to impossible to driver in this traffic.
It was next to unthinkable that the boy would steal.
Step4:Writing
Answers to Exercise 1
Some of the advice that Jia Sixie gave to farmers in his book Qimin Yaoshu was as follows:
1 Farmers should do things at the right time of the year.
2 Farmers should examine the soil carefully.
3 If the condition of the soil is not good, farmers should improve it.
4 Before sowing or planting crops, farmers should clean rough ground and remove weeds.
5 Farmers should let sheep or cattle (cows ) walk on the land before sowing or planting crops.
6 Farmers should plough the land, so weeds are destroyed.
7 When ploughing the land, farmers should plough deep the first time and less deep the second time.
8 Farmers will get best results if they change crops in their field.
9 If farmers plant rice in a field one year, and wheat in that field the following year, they will harvest good crops.
10 If farmers plant wheat close together, they will have better results than when they plant wheat leaving space between the plants.
11 It is good to grow different plants next to each other in the same field.
Answers to Exercise 2:
Month What will be done
November It’s in November when we have to plough the land for the first time. The ploughing has to be done deep. Spread manure and old leaves on the land and plough them under.
December It’s in December when we should make a plan for our vegetable garden for next year. Check the seeds left over from last year. Repair tools and make a list of new tools to buy.
January It’s in January when we should buy enough seed to plant for two or three drops. Check the condition of the soil. If the soil is not good, you should improve it. Put manure and dead leaves on the land if you did not do this in November. You can also use fertilizers to the soil. Get the seedbeds or seed boxes ready for growing plants such as tomato, pepper and eggplant.
February It’s in February when you should plant the seedbeds. Prepare the land for planting. Let sheep or crows walk on the land. Their manure will improve the soil and will destroy weeds or eat them. Also prepare seeds for planting in April.
March It’s in March when you should give some attention to the early-planted crops. Add a little fertilizer to young crops. Thin the young plants to give them more room to grow. Plough the land a second time to prepare it for the warm-season vegetables.
April It’s in April when you should plant beans, corn, eggplant, peas, peppers, tomatoes and watermelons. Remove weeds and grass.
May It’s in May when you have to watch out for insects. Fight insects and disease when you see them. Water the plants when needed. Build a frame of wood or bamboo for beans to climb on.
June It’s June that you have to harvest vegetables such as beans and peas, onions and potatoes. Store onions and potatoes dry and cool. Prepare the land for planting new crops. Take care of irrigation.
July It’s in June when you should make a plan for the crops you want to plant in autumn. Fight drought with enough irrigation of the land. Remove weeds. Plant second crops for tomatoes, corn and beans. In July it’s the time to plant big pumpkins for Halloween!
August It’s in August when we have to plant broccoli, cabbage, carrots and onions. Make sure to water the plants enough. Harvest ripe fruit and vegetables.
September It’s in September when we harvest green peppers and tomatoes before the cold winter comes. Water and weed the crops that were planted in August.
October It’s in October when the last crops are harvested. Put dead plants, old leaves and other materials together. Store animal manure for use as fertilizer next year. Start thinking about your garden plans for next year.
高一英语下册教案
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