高一英语下期全册词汇双解及用法[下学期]

SBIB
Unit13 Healthy eating
Words and expressions
junk n. old useless things 垃圾
You should get rid of all the old junk in the room. 你该把室内的所有破烂清除掉。
junk food 垃圾食品
fat n. a substance like oil which is used in cooking脂肪；油脂
They have a lot of fat under their skin. 它们的皮肤下面有很多脂肪。
vitaminn. any one of several chemical substances necessary for health维生素，维他命
Oranges contain vitamin C. 橘子含有维生素C。
snack a small meal; a little food n. 快餐，小吃
I'm not hungry but I'd like a snack. 我并不饿，不过我倒喜欢来点小吃。
stomach n. place in the body where food goes when one eats it 胃；肚子
What a stomach he has got! 他真是一个大腹便便的人!
fever n. an illness when you have a high temperature发烧；发热
He has a fever and a temperature of 38.5 degree. 他发烧，体温38.5摄氏度。
n. (usu. a fever) a highly excited state; great excitement（通常指）狂热；激动
I am in a fever of excitement. 我十分兴奋。
salad n. cold vegetables or fruit mixed together 色拉（西餐中的凉拌菜）
He dislikes salad. 他不喜欢吃凉拌菜。
peach n. round, juicy fruit with a yellow red skin桃子
Mother put the peaches in her basket. 母亲把桃（子）放在篮子里。
ripe adj. ready for picking and eating熟的；成熟的
Autumn is a busy season, and the crops are ripe. 秋季是繁忙的季节，庄稼成熟了。
ought v. aux. should, must (showing that it is your duty to do something)应当；应该
ought to 应当；应该
This work ought to be done at once. 这项工作应当马上就做。
examine vt. look at something or someone carefully检查；细看
All the machines will be examined. 所有机器都将检查一遍。
plenty n.[u] a large number; as much as you need 充足；大量；丰富
plenty of 许多；大量的
I have plenty to do. 我有很多事要做。
There is plenty of time; you need not be in such a hurry. 时间多得很，你用不着这样匆忙。
energy n. power to do a lot of work精力
He has much energy. 他精力充沛。
n. force or power to make things, machines, etc. move or work能，能量
The light energy comes from the sun. 光能来自太阳。
soft adj. with no alcohol不含酒精的
Lemonade is a soft drink. 柠檬水是一种不含酒精的饮料。
bar n. a relatively long, straight, rigid piece of solid material条；棒
a bar of chocolate 巧克力棒
fuel n. wood, coal, oil, etc. that you burn to make heat or power燃料；营养物
Coal, oil, wood and gas are fuels. 煤炭，石油，木柴和煤气都是燃料。
diet n. usual food饮食；食物
Cows have a diet of grass. 牛的食物是草。
n. special programme of food for people who are ill, etc.特种饮食
The physician put him on a special diet. 内科医生给他吃特定的食物。
calorie n. (=calory) 卡路里；卡（热量单位）
keep up with walk or drive as fast as another person or thing so that you are together跟上
She had to run to keep up with them. 她得跑着才能跟上他们。
pace n.[c] step步；步调
He stepped backward a pace or two. 他后退了一两步。
make a choice choose 做出选择
There were so many cakes that it was difficult to make a choice.
糕点那么多，以致挑选起来很困难。
nutrient n. a source of nourishment, especially a nourishing ingredient in a food
营养物 adj. providing nourishment 有营养的
nutrition n. nourishment营养
nutritious adj. 有营养的
protein n. body building substance essential to good health in such foods as milk, eggs蛋白质
Protein is the base of life. 蛋白质是生命的基础。
muscle n. that part of flesh which can be tightened and loosened to move parts of the body肌肉
When we walk, we exercise our leg muscles. 我们走路时，锻炼腿上的肌肉。
bean n. a vegetable seed we can eat 豆
calcium n.钙
dairy n. 牛奶场；乳制品
product n. a thing which is produced a result or work or growth产品；成果
Coffee is Brazil's main product. 咖啡是巴西的主要产物。
carbohydrate n. a substance made up of hydrogen, oxygen and carbon, such as sugar碳水化合物（如糖）
Sugars and starchier are carbohydrates. 糖和淀粉是碳水化合物。
fiber n. 纤维；纤维制品
synthetic fiber 合成纤维
mineral n.[c] coal, tin, ore, gold, etc, that comes from under the ground 矿物，矿石
Coal and iron are minerals. 煤和铁都是矿物。
function v. work, run起作用；运行
I couldn't ring you because the phone wasn't functioning.我没法给你打电话，因为电话机坏了。
n. special work done by someone or something功能；作用
The function of the heart is to send blood round the body. 心脏的功能就是向全身输送血液。
vegetarian n.[c] 素食 (主义) 者
a strict vegetarian 严格的素食主义者(不仅不吃鱼、肉类,连蛋、牛奶、奶油也不吃)
vegan: [英]严格的素食主义者
Yoghurt [XjCgRt] n. 酸奶
eco-food XIkRuX n. 生态食品
organic adj. of or relating to the compounds of carbon有机的
organic chemistry 有机化学
chemical n. a chemical product化学制品
Edison planted vegetables in his garden and sold them to buy chemicals.
爱迪生在园子里种菜，卖掉菜再买化学药品
adj. of chemistry化学的
This change of state is a physical change and not a chemical one.
这种状态变化是物理变化，而不是化学变化。
balance v. make or keep something steady, so it does not fall; stay steady(使)平衡
Can you balance yourself on skates 你穿冰鞋能保持平衡吗？
n. when two sides are the same; being steady平衡
the balance of nature 生态平衡
supplement n / v. 增补；补充
fit adj. healthy健康 adj. suited for合适
Keep fit, study hard and work well. 身体好，学习好，工作好。
The weather is not fit to go out in. 这种天气不宜外出。
unit n. one person, one thing; one group单位；单元
The family is often taken as the unit of society. 家庭通常被认为是社会的组成单位。
digest v. change (food) into a state in which the body can use it消化
Food is digested in the stomach. 食物在胃里消化了。
gain v. get sth. more, not to lose增加；获得
The masses gain experience through struggle. 群众通过斗争可以取得经验。
sleepy adj. tired; wanting to sleep困乏的；瞌睡的
I feel sleepy,so I'm going to bed. 我感到困倦，要去睡觉了。
refuel v. 补给燃料；补充能量
now and then now and again; occasionally 时而；不时
brain n.[c] the grey substance in the head, with which one thinks脑
The brain is the organ of thought. 大脑是思维器官。
n.[c] mind; intelligence 头脑（常用复数）
I wish I had your brains. 但愿我有你那个（好）脑筋。
peel vt. 剥皮；去皮 n.[u] 水果 [蔬菜 (等) ] 的皮
peel a banana [potatoes] 剥香蕉 [削马铃薯] 的皮
orange [lemon] peel 桔子 [柠檬] 的皮
recipe n. 烹饪法；食谱
roll-up n. 卷；卷状食品
roll up make or put into the form of a roll; take the form of a cylinder of ball (使)成卷形
Rolling up his trousers, he worked with the others in the fields.
他卷起裤腿和别人一道在田里干了起来。
tasty adj. good to eat美味的；可口的
This fish is very tasty. 这鱼很可口。
ingredient n. one of the parts of a mixture成份；配料
Eggs are the main ingredients of omelets. 煎蛋卷的主要成份是鸡蛋。
mushroom n. [c] 蘑菇；菌类植物
chop vt. cut into very small pieces; cut roughly剁碎 vt. cut by striking with a knife, axe, etc.砍
chop wood into pieces 把木头劈碎 chop down a tree 把树枝砍倒
steam vt. cook something in steam蒸煮 vi. give out steam蒸发
Shall we steam or fry the fish 这鱼我们是蒸还是炸？
The kettle was steaming on the stove. 炉子上的壶正在冒热气。
boil vt. cook something in very hot water煮
She boiled rice in the kitchen. 她在厨房里煮饭。
vi. to become hot and change from liquid to gas沸；开
When water boils, it changes into steam. 水沸腾时就变成蒸汽。
bacon n. 咸肉；熏肉
lettuce n. 莴苣
use lettuce in a salad 用莴苣做色拉
mixture n.[c] group or mass of different things混合物（体）
Air is a mixture of gases. 空气是各种气体的混合物。
spoonful n.[c] 一汤匙 (的量) [of]
a spoonful of salt 一汤匙盐
slice vt. cut something into slices切成片
Mother sliced the loaf. 妈妈把面包切成了薄片。
n. thin piece that one cuts off bread, meat, or other food 片；薄片；切片
Please cut a slice of bread for me. 请给我切一片面包。
dice v. 把……切成小方块 n. 小方块
stir vt. move a spoon, etc, round and round to mix something搅拌；搅起
Have you stirred your tea 你的茶搅和过了吗？
Unit 14 Festivals
Words and expressions
theme n. subject; something to talk or write about, etc.主题；题目
What is the theme of the opera 这个歌剧的主题是什么？
dress up wear one's best clothes 盛装；打扮
Let's dress up and go out to the theatre. 我们穿戴整齐到戏院看戏吧。
They dressed their children up for the New Year's Day. 他们给孩子们穿上好衣服过新年。
parade n. a procession; a march for display 游行
The parade will begin at 10. 游行十点开始。
Arabic adj. 阿拉伯人的
holy adj. 神圣的
Easter n.[u] 复活节
symbol n. mark, sign or picture that shows something象征；符号；记号
The letter "V" is a symbol of victory. 字母“V”是胜利的象征。
bunny n. 兔子(儿语)
fighting n.[u] 战斗；打仗
Fighting broke out between the North and the South. 南北两方发生了战争。
conflict n. a fight; a struggle争斗；战争
He was wounded in the conflict. 他在战斗中负伤。
n. a clash between ideas, feelings, etc.; a disagreement冲突
It is in conflict with the provisions of the existing treaty. 这与本条约的有关规定相抵触。
argument n. quarrel; fight; tk between people with different ideas辩论；争论
After a long argument, we decided where to go for our holiday.
经过长久的争论，我们把休假的地方决定下来了。
destruction n.[u] breaking something totally毁灭；破坏
The strong earthquake left death and destruction behind it.
强烈的地震留下了死亡和破坏
opinion n.[c] what you think about something or somebody 意见；看法
My opinion is different from yours. 我的看法与你的不同。
in one’s opinion 按照某人的看法
major adj. bigger; most important; very great主要的；重大的
Be careful, there is a major road ahead! 当心，前面有一条主要公路！
probably adv. most likely很可能
Do you think you can do it Well, probably I can.
你认为你能干这个吗？哦，我很可能干得了。
honour vt. 尊敬；给以荣誉
Would you honor us by sharing our dinner tonight 今晚你是否肯赏光与我们一道用餐
ancestor n.[c] forefather祖先；祖宗
John is descended from noble ancestors. 约翰为名门后裔。
principle n. rule for living原则；原理
We should follow the principle of seeking truth. 我们要遵循实事求是的原则。
unity n. the state of being a united whole团结；统一
Unity is strength. 团结就是力量。
community n. group of people who live in one place, have the same interests, etc.团体；社区
New quay is a fishing community. 纽基是一个渔业社区。
nation n. a country with one government国家
All nations, big or small, should be equal. 国家不分大小，应一律平等。
n. a large group of people with the same race and culture 民族
The Chinese nation is brave and hardworking. 中华民族是勤劳勇敢的。
self-determination Xself n. determination of one's own fate 自主；自我决定
purpose n. plan; intention; what you are going to do目的；意图
'What was the purpose of your journey to London ' ‘你去伦敦的目的是什么？’
creativity n. 创造力；创造性
faith n.[u] feeling sure that you can trust someone or something信任；信仰
Have you any faith in what he says 你相信他所说的话吗？
commercial adj. having to do with trade or business商业的
joy n.[u] great pleasure happiness; gladness快乐；高兴
It brings joy twofold you. 这真是双喜临门。
light v. give light to something so that you can see it clearly照亮；照明
(lighted, lit; lighted, lit)
This room is lighted by electricity. 这个房间用电照明。
v. make something start to burn or shine 点燃
He struck a match and lit the lamp. 他擦着一根火柴把灯点着。
similar adj. alike; almost the same相似的；类似的
Rats and mice are similar animals. 大老鼠和小老鼠是类似的动物。
generation n. all the people who were born at about the same time一代人
The older generation doesn't like pop music. 老一辈的人不喜欢流行音乐。
play a trick on unkind game to make someone look silly 捉弄
The boys hid Jone’s bike to play a trick on him. 孩子们把乔恩的自行车藏起来捉弄他。
salute vi. 敬礼
The young soldier saluted awkwardly. 那名年轻士兵笨拙地敬礼。
kiss v. touch someone with your lips to show your love or to say hello or goodbye吻
Rosalind kissed her mother good night. 罗莎琳德吻了一下母亲祝她晚安。
n. touch with the lips吻
She gave her mother a kiss. 她吻了她母亲一下。
cheek n.[c] part of the face below the eye and to the side of the nose面颊；脸蛋
Tears streamed (=ran) down her cheeks. 眼泪从她的两颊流下。
nod v. make a short, sharp downward movement with a head, as a sign of greeting, consent, approval, or the like点头（表招呼，赞同等）
He nodded to his friends. 他向他的朋友点头。
n. an act of nodding the head点头
He gave me a nod as we passed each other in the street.
我们在街上对面走过时，他向我点了点头。
celebration n. an act or occasion of celebrating庆祝；庆祝会
The day deserves a celebration. 这个日子值得庆贺。
reminder n. 提醒物；暗示
respect vt. to show honour towards; admire尊敬；尊重
Our teacher is highly respected by all. 我们的老师极受大家的尊敬。
skeleton n.[c] bone frame in the body of an animal or person骨骼；骨架
She is reduced almost to a skeleton by long illness. 她因长期生病骨瘦如柴。
gift n. present; something that you give to someone礼物
It is a gift for my brother. 这是给我兄弟的礼物。
n. a natural power天赋
He has a gift for foreign languages. 他有外语天才。
cycle n. a period of time in which a series of events happens as if in a circle周期；循环
A cycle of the sun takes a year. 太阳循环周期需要一年。
vi. ride a bicycle 骑自行车
Do you like cycling 你喜欢骑自行车吗？
fool n.[c] someone who is stupid or does something silly蠢人；傻子
What a fool you were! 你真是个大傻瓜！
v. trick someone and make him believe something that is not true愚弄；欺骗
You can't fool me! I don't believe you. 你骗不了我！我不相信你。
take in trick someone 欺骗 receive as a guest or an employee 吸收
I am not to be taken in by your lies. 你的谎言骗不了我。
invitation n. the act of inviting 邀请
I received an invitation to her birthday party. 我收到了她生日宴会的请帖。
occasion n.[c] special time（重大的）时刻；场合
A wedding is a big family occasion. 婚礼是家庭中的一件大事。
n.[c] a certain time, time when something happens机会；时机
I'll speak to him on the first occasion. 一有机会，我就告诉他。
Mardi Gras [XmA:di XgrA:] an occasion of great festivity and merrymaking
美国和巴西的一个狂欢节日，直译为“油腻的礼拜二”
Ramadan [ZrBmRXdBn] n. the ninth month of the year in the Moslem calendar 斋月
Kwanzaa [XkwA:nzR] n. 款礼节
Swahili [swA:XhIli] n. 斯瓦西里语/人
Mexico
Unit 15 The necklace
Words and expressions
mystery n. something hard to understand, a secret谜；神秘的事物
It is not a mystery to me. 这对我来说不是什么奥秘。
mysterious adj. strange, that you do not know about or understand神秘的
The story goes that a mysterious animal lives in the mountain. 据说山里有一个神秘的动物。
footprint n. mark that your foot made when you walked on soft ground脚印；足迹
They discovered suspicious footprints in the snow. 他们在雪地上发现了可疑的足迹。
n. 脚印；足迹
footstep ( http: / / study.hongen.com / dict / ndsearch.aspx word=footstep )
ladder n.[c] tall thing made of wooden or metal poles with steps between for climbing梯子
Jim went up the ladder to mend the roof. 吉姆从梯子爬上去修理屋顶。
scary adj. 吓人的
a scary movie 恐怖电影
dormitory n.[c] big bedroom for a lot of people集体寝室；宿舍
Boys who live at school sleep in a dormitory. 住校的男生在宿舍里睡觉。
recognize vt. know someone when you see him again; know something because you have seen it, heard it, etc. before 认出；识别
I recognized his voice. 我认出了他的声音。
surely adv.一定；确实
He will surely succeed. 他一定会成功。
Surely I've heard you say so. 的确, 我听过你这样说。
diamond n.[c] bright, precious stone钻石
The ring has a diamond in it. 戒指上镶着一块钻石。
explain v. to make something clear, so that it can be understood解释；说明
I didn't understand the question, but the teacher explained it to me.
我本来不懂这个问题，后来教员给我解释了。
ball n. big party where people dance舞会
For the first time in our lives we were invited to an important ball.
那是在我们一生中第一次应邀参加一个重要舞会。
jewellery <英>=jewelry
n.[u] necklaces and other ornaments with jewels in them珠宝；珠宝饰物
I have no jewellery. 我没有首饰。
franc n.[c] a unit of money used in France, Belgium, Switzerland, etc.法郎（法国、比利时、瑞士等国的货币单位）
She had about four hundred francs. 她大约有四百法郎。
continue vt. to go on; to start again继续；重新开始
He ate lunch and then continued his work. 他吃完饭继续工作。
vi. go on doing something and not stop 连续
The rain continued all day. 雨连续下了一整天。
call on visit访问；order; invite号召
We can call on our former teacher tomorrow. 我们明天可以去拜访过去的老师。
lovely adj. giving pleasure because it looks or sounds good, etc.好看的；可爱的
The lovely girl is planning to be a nurse. 那个漂亮的小女孩打算当护士。
bring back 拿回来；使恢复
day and night 日日夜夜地
pay off pay the whole amount of (a debt); settle还清
After all these years, we've at last paid off all our debts.
经过这么多年，我们总算把债还清了。
debt n.[c] money that you must pay to someone债务；欠款
I must pay him a debt of ￥5. 我得还他五块钱的债。
precious adj. very valuable宝贵的；贵重的
Time is so precious that you must make full use of it. 时间很宝贵，你必须充分利用它。
at most not more than 至多
We can stay for two days at most. 我们最多能呆两天。
positive adj. 肯定的；积极的
positive criticism 建设性的批评
attend v. to go to (a meeting, etc.);to be present at出席；参加；上(大学等)
Who attended the meeting 谁出席了会议？
Our teacher suggested that he attend a technical school. 我们的老师建议他去上技校。
rehearse vt. 预演,排演
earn vt. to get money by working 挣得
He earns twice as much as I do. 他挣的钱是我挣的两倍。
lecture n.[c] planned talk to teach a group of people something演讲；讲课
He gave a lecture on physics. 他讲授了一堂物理。
silly adj. foolish; stupid傻的；愚笨的
Oh, how silly you all are! 喔，你们都那么傻。
mosquito n. flying insect that bites people and drinks blood蚊子
A mosquito will do harm to your health. 蚊子对人身体有害。
bat n. small animal like a mouse with wings, which comes out at night蝙蝠
Why the bat comes out only at night 为什么蝙蝠只在夜间出来？
n. piece of wood for hitting the ball in a game, etc球拍
author n. someone who writes books, stories 作者；作家
Dickens was the author of 'Oliver Twist'. 狄更斯是《雾都孤儿》的作者。
act out explain something by representing it; going through its movements again
以表演来说明；把……表演出来
He acted out how the bank had been robbed for the police.
他把银行被抢劫的经过以表演来向警察说明。
besides adv. in addition 此外
I have many more besides. 除此之外，我还有更多。
prep. as well as; if one does not count; in addition t o除…之外（还有…）
There are many others besides me. 除我以外，还有很多人。
alien n. someone from another country or outer space外国人；外星人
outline n.[c] line that shows the shape of something轮廊
We could see the outline of the castle through the fog. 雾中我们能看见城堡的轮廊。
n.[c] the general idea of something提纲；要点
I have prepared my speech in outline. 我已准备了我的发言提纲。
plot n. what happens in a story or play情节；结构
The plot thickens. 情节渐渐复杂起来了。
quality n. character with respect to fineness or degree of excellence; value品质
She has many fine qualities. 她有很多优良的品质。
n. how good or bad something is 质量
Quality matters more than quantity. 质量比数量重要。
Shakespeare X莎士比亚
Unit 16 Scientists at work
Words and expressions
pro n. an argument or a consideration in favor of something 赞成
Please weigh the pros and cons. 请掂量一下赞成的论点和反对的论点。
con n. an argument or opinion against something 反对
the pros and cons 正反双方
experiment n. something that you do to see and study what happens so that you will learn more实验；试验
They made the school a place for scientific experiment.他们把学校变成一个科学实验的场所。
glove n.[c] cover of leather, wool, etc. for the hand手套
I want a new pair of gloves. 我要一副新手套。
gas n. a substance like air which is not liquid or solid; especially the gas you burn in the house to give heat气体
Most matter has three states: solid, liquid and gas.
大多数物质具有三种状态：固态、液态和气态。
liquid n. anything that flows, and is not a solid or a gas液体
Oil and water are liquids. 油和水是液体。
advantage n. something useful or helpful有利条件；优点
He has the advantage of a good education. 他具有受过良好教育的优点。
disadvantage n. small problem; something that makes things hard to do, etc.不便；不利条件
It is a disadvantage not to be able to drive a car. 不会开汽车是不便的。
application n. the act of using as a means; putting to a special use or purpose
应用
"Freedom" is a word of wide application. “自由”一词可用于多种场合。
n. the act of requesting; a formal request or appeal; the writing expressing such request申请
He made an application by words of mouth last week. 上星期他提出了口头申请。
maglev [XmBglev] n.& adj. 磁力悬浮列车(的)
engine n. a piece of machinery which drives a machine引擎；发动机
a steam engine 蒸汽机
nuclear adj. of the central part of an atom; of atomic energy原子核的；原子能的
nuclear energy 原子能
economy n.[u] way that a country spends its money, uses its goods and workers, etc经济
. We cannot develop our national economy without science and technology.
没有科学技术我们就不能发展国民经济。
n.[u] using money, goods, etc. well and carefully 节约
We must practise strict economy. 我们要厉行节约。
comfort n.[u] being free from worry, pain, etc舒适；安逸
He had saved enough money so that he could live in comfort.
他攒了不少钱，足以舒舒服服地过日子。
n.[u] anything that makes trouble or sorrow easier to bear安慰
We could give him no comfort. 我们无法安慰他。
unnecessary adj. that you do not need; not important不需要的；多余的
A coat is unnecessary on a hot day. 大热天不需要外套。
successful adj. having success成功的
He was successful in everything he did. 他做的每一件事都很成功。
conduct vt. manage; direct; carry on 经营；管理；指挥
Who conducts this orchestra 谁指挥这个乐队？
vt. lead or guide引导；带领
He was conducted through the museum. 他在指引下参观了整个博物馆。
n.[u] 行为；操行
Many pupils in this class got prizes for good conduct.
这个班的许多学生因为操行好而得了奖。
a number of several; many若干；许多
A number of my friends came to the party. 我的一些朋友参加了这次聚会。
lightning n. electricity which flashes in the sky, especially during a thunder storm
闪电
I don't mind thunder, but lightning frightens me. 我不怕打雷，但是闪电使我害怕。
thunderstorm n. a storm with thunder and lightning雷雨
A thunderstorm broke out. 雷雨发作了。
condenser n.[c]电容器；冷凝器
shed n. building for animals, tools, etc.棚；小屋
He left his bicycle in the shed. 他把自行车存在车棚里。
string n. piece of cord for tying things线；细绳
Jone tied up the parcel with (a) string. 乔恩用绳子把包裹扎起来。
charge v. put power into something充电
He forgot to charge the battery. 他忘记给电池充电了。
v. to ask for money for something收费
He charged me $1.50 for mending the watch. 他要我付了一元五角修表费。
v. say in a law court, etc. that someone has done wrong 控告
He was charged with murder. 他被指控犯了谋杀罪。
electric adj. worked by electricity电的；电动的；导电的
Some electric wells have been built. 已打了几眼机井。
shock n. sudden pain when electricity passes through the body 电击
If you touch an electric wire, you'll get a shock. 如果你去碰一根带电的电线，你就会受电击。
n. a very sudden shaking震动
When the tree fell down, I could feel the shock in the house.
树倒下的时候，我能感到房子的震动。
n. a sudden bad surprise震惊
The news was a terrible shock. 这消息是巨大的震惊。
a great deal of a large or considerable quantity, quite a lot 大量；相当多
He seems to have a good (great) deal of money (trouble, etc.) 他好象有很多钱（麻烦事）。
very much极；很
She is a good deal better today. 她今天好得多了。
prove vt. show that something is true 证明；证实
It was proved from another fact. 它由另一事实证明。
vi. turn out to be, be found to be证明是；表现是
The new typist proved (to be) useless. 这位新打字员证明是不合格的。
tear v. pull something apart; make a rough hole in something撕裂；弄破
(tore; torn)
Paper tears easily. 纸一撕就破。
frame n. strong bars of wood, metal, etc., that give the main shape to something构架
A modern tent has cloth walls over a metal frame. 现代帐篷都是在金属架上盖布做墙。
n. thin edge of wood, metal, etc. round a picture, door, mirror, or the glass in spectacles框架
He put the photograph in a frame and hung it on the wall. 他把相片放在镜框里挂在墙上。
handkerchief n. square piece of cloth that you use to wipe your nose手帕
He blew his nose in his handkerchief. 他用手帕擤鼻子。
control n. the act of controlling控制；支配；管理
He has good control over his company. 他把公司管理得很好。
vt. to make something or somebody do what you want 控制；支配；管理
The policeman was controlling the traffic. 警察管理着交通。
sharp adj. with an edge that cuts easily; with a fine point; that makes holes easily锋利的；锐利的
Be careful with that knife -it s very sharp. 当心那把刀子——它很锋利。
adj. clear; that you can see or smell clearly清楚的；明显的
The tower stands sharp against the clear sky. 塔巍然屹立映着睛朗的天空。
adj. that can see, hear, etc. well敏锐的
He has sharp ears and eyes他耳目敏锐。
foot n. a measure of distance英尺（略作 ft.）
One foot (1 ft.) is 12 inches. 一英尺等于12英寸。
fasten vt. make fast, fix firmly, tie or join together扎牢；拴紧；固定
We use buttons to fasten our clothes. 我们用钮扣把衣服扣好。
ribbon n. 丝带；缎带；带状物
tie up one's hair with a ribbon 用丝带扎头发
thundercloud n. 【气】雷雨云
pick out choose, select by picking选出；挑出
Can you pick out the right one 你能找出正确的那一个吗？
be able to see someone or something in a lot of others区别出；看出
Pick out the participles or gerunds in the following sentences and give their functions.
区别下列句子中的分词和动名词，并说明它们的作用。
sense n. one of the powers of the body感觉；感官
Sight, smell, hearing, taste, and touch are the main senses. 视、嗅、听、味和触觉是主要的感官。
test vt. ask someone questions to find out what he knows or can do 考试；测验
The examiner is testing our spelling tomorrow. 明天老师测验我们的拼写。
vt. use something to find out if it works well试验
The worker tested a new car. 工人们试验了新汽车。
vt. look at something carefully to find out how good it is; examine something检验；检查
The doctor tested my eyes. 医生检查了我的眼睛。
n. an examination; a trial考试；测验
Robert failed his driving test. 罗伯特的汽车驾驶考试没通过。
test on 在……（身上做试验）
shampoo n. any of various liquid or cream preparations of soap or detergent used to wash the hair and scalp.洗发精； 洗发香波
skin n. the outside covering of the body皮肤
Leather is made from the skin of animals. 皮革是用动物的皮做的。
n. a usually thin, closely adhering outer layer 外皮；外壳
apple skin 苹果皮 banana skin 香蕉皮
drug n.[c] medicine that makes sick people well or that takes away pain 药物
An effective drug is bitter. 良药苦口。
n.[c] dangerous stuff that people eat or inject to make them sleep, or do things they usually do not do麻醉药品；成瘾性毒品
Heroin is a dangerous drug. 海洛因是一种危险的毒品。
activist n. 激进主义分子；行动主义分子
doubt n. not being sure怀疑；疑惑
If there is any doubt, you had better make certain. 如果你有什么不能肯定的，一定要弄清楚。
vt. not feel sure about something; not believe something怀疑
I doubt very much whether he is coming or not. 我很怀疑他是否来。
cruel adj. ready to give pain to others残忍的；残酷的
The cruel man was hitting the donkey. 那个残酷的人正在抽打那头驴。
painkiller n. 镇痛剂; 止痛药
view n.[c] opinion, what you believe or think about something观点；意见
I take a different view of it. 我对这有不同的看法。
n.[c] place that you look at; picture or photograph of a place风景
What a wonderful view from your window! 从你家的窗子里看，这一带景色美丽极了！
conclusion n.[c] end; a result obtained after reasoning 结束；结论
The discussion was brought to a conclusion. 讨论结束了。
Finally they came to this conclusion. 最后，他们得出了这个结论。
Benjamin Franklin [XbendJRmin XfrBNkilin] 本杰明·富兰克林(美国科学家)
Unit 17 Great women
Words and expressions
inspire vt. put ideas into someone's mind鼓舞；激起
Such a development inspired us to work still harder. 这一发展鼓舞我们更努力地工作。
vt. make someone want to write or paint, etc. 激发；启发
We should inspire the children to think. 我们应启发儿童思考。
admire vt. think well of someone钦佩；羡慕
I admired him for his courage. 我佩服他的勇气。
vt. look at something or someone with pleasure, etc.赞美；欣赏
The tourists admired the view from the tower. 游客赞美登塔远眺的景色。
generous adj. liking to give things to people慷慨的；大方的
He is a man with generous nature. 他是一个宽大为怀的人。
cheerful adj. happy快乐的；愉快的
She is always cheerful and smiling. 她总是高高兴兴，笑嘻嘻的。
mean adj. of low character, aims, etc.卑鄙的
It is a mean motive. 这是卑鄙的动机。
adj. wanting to keep everything for yourself吝啬的，自私的
She is mean and never invites people to meals. 她很小气，从不请人吃饭。
tense adj. excited because you are waiting for something to happen紧张的；激动的
The audience was tense as they waited for the acrobat to jump.
观众们在等待杂技演员跳时，心情很紧张。
adj. tightly pulled 拉紧的；绷紧的
tense muscles 拉紧的肌肉 a very tense rope 拉得很紧的绳子
dull adj. stupid; not clever迟钝的；呆笨的
I am dull of hearing. 我听觉不灵敏。
adj. not interesting单调的；乏味的
The book was so dull that I didn't finish it. 这本书太枯燥了，我没有读完。
dishonest adj. not honest; ready to lie, cheat, steal, etc.不诚实的
A man who lies or steals is dishonest. 说谎或偷盗的人是不正直的。
champion n.[c] (竞赛的) 冠军；优胜者
He is a world swimming champion 他是世界游泳冠军。
the South Pole 南极
the North Pole 北极
polar adj. 两极的；极地的
a polar expedition 极地探险
mile n.[c] measure of length英里（＝1.6 公里）
One mile is 1760 yards, or 1625 metres. 一英里等于1760码，或1625米。
sled n.[c] 雪橇
(a)round the corner (常与just连用)即将来临；在拐角处
Bad weather is just around the corner. 坏天气快到了。
There is a drugstore around the corner. 拐角上有一家药店。
stormy adj. with strong wind, rain有暴风雨的
The sky looks stormy.
天色看上去会有暴风雨。
adj. angry激烈的
The meeting was rather stormy. 会上争论得很激烈。
threaten vt. say what will be done to hurt or punish威胁；恐吓
The boss threatened to fire him. 老板威胁要开除他。
vt. indicate that something unpleasant is likely to happen 恶兆
The clouds threaten a rain. 云预示有雨。
die down to lose strength渐弱；消退；平静
The winds died down. 风渐渐平息了。
thaw vi. 解冻
Leave this frozen food to thaw before you cook it. 把这冷冻食品解冻后再烹煮。
slope n. land that slants up or down斜坡
The children like to roll down the small slope in the park.
孩子们喜欢从公园里的小斜坡上滚下来。
bottom n. lowest part of something底部
He fell to the bottom of the stairs. 他摔到楼梯底下。
n. last part; end 最后部分；尽头；顶端
The cinema is at the bottom of the street. 电影院在街的顶头。
optimistic adj. having feeling of optimism乐观的
As I get older I get more optimistic. 我越活越乐观。
pessimisticadj. 悲观的
Don't be so pessimistic. 别那样悲观。
expedition n. journey to do something special or find out about something远征；探险
They made an expedition to the North Pole. 他们去北极探险。
workday n. weekday工作日；平日
woozy adj. 眩晕的；虚弱的
somehow ad. 以某种方式；不知怎么地
But somehow the message was passed. 可是不知怎么地，消息却不胫而走。
adv. 以某种方法，设法地，不择手段
by fair means or foul ( http: / / study.hongen.com / dict / ndsearch.aspx word=by%20fair%20means%20or%20foul ) by hook or by crook ( http: / / study.hongen.com / dict / ndsearch.aspx word=by%20hook%20or%20by%20crook ) by some means ( http: / / study.hongen.com / dict / ndsearch.aspx word=by%20some%20means ) by some means or other ( http: / / study.hongen.com / dict / ndsearch.aspx word=by%20some%20means%20or%20other ) come hell or high water ( http: / / study.hongen.com / dict / ndsearch.aspx word=come%20hell%20or%20high%20water ) in one way or another ( http: / / study.hongen.com / dict / ndsearch.aspx word=in%20one%20way%20or%20another ) in some way ( http: / / study.hongen.com / dict / ndsearch.aspx word=in%20some%20way ) no matter how ( http: / / study.hongen.com / dict / ndsearch.aspx word=no%20matter%20how ) somehow or other ( http: / / study.hongen.com / dict / ndsearch.aspx word=somehow%20or%20other ) someway ( http: / / study.hongen.com / dict / ndsearch.aspx word=someway )
shelter n. being safe from bad weather, danger, etc.遮蔽；庇护
When it started to rain we took shelter under a tree. 天下起雨来，我们在树下躲雨。
n.[c] place where one can be safe from bad weather, danger, etc. 躲避处；避难所
The old barn was a shelter from the storm. 那个旧谷仓是个躲避暴雨的地方。
regret n. the feeling of being sorry; sorrow at the loss or absence of something; sorrow for what has or has not been done.悔恨；懊悔；惋惜
Much to my regret, I didn't go with them. 非常遗憾，我没有同他们一起去。
vt. to be sorry about感到遗憾；悔恨
She regretted having missed the film. 她懊悔没能看上那场电影。
solo adj. done by one person单独的
The pilot made his first solo flight in the airplane. 那个飞行员第一次在飞机中作了单飞。
extreme adj. very great最大的；极
Thank you for your extreme kindness. 感谢你的深情厚意。
extremely adv. very非常地；极其地
It was an extremely fine day in May. 那是五月里一个非常晴朗的日子。
climate n.[c] the weather in a place气候
No country in Asia possesses a better climate than China.
亚洲没有一个国家的气候比中国的好。
value v. think highly of; regard highly 重视
I shall always value your friendship. 我会始终重视你的友谊。
v. rate at a certain value or price; estimate the value of 估价；评价
He was valued as a good worker. 他被评价为好工人。
?n. worth; usefulness; importance价值；重要性
He doesn't know the value of fresh air and sunlight. 他不了解新鲜空气和阳光的重要性。
pianist n. someone who plays a piano钢琴家；钢琴演奏者
She was a pupil of Franz Liszt, the great Hungarian pianist.
她是伟大的匈牙利钢琴家弗朗兹·李斯特的学生。
personality n. character; what sort of person you are个性；品格
Ray has a happy personality. 雷伊为人性格快活。
n. well known person名人
The man on the television show interviews outstanding personalities.
电视节目中出现的那个人常常会见著名人物。
come to terms with accept 甘心忍受
He managed to come to terms with his illness. 他设法忍住了疾病的痛苦。
bother vt. trouble someone; make someone cross or worried烦扰；打扰
He comes bothering me day after day. 他天天来打扰我。
vi. give yourself extra work, etc.费心；麻烦
I don't bother about it. 我不为此费心。
n. [u]something that gives you worry or trouble烦扰；麻烦
It's too much bother going there by a roundabout way. 绕道去那儿太麻烦了。
fame the condition of being well known and talked about名声；声誉
His fame spread all over the country. 他誉满全国。
promise n. an agreement to do or not to do something or to give something诺言
If you make a promise, you must keep it.
假如你答应了，就必须做到。
n. a cause of hope; a sign of future success.有希望；有前途
Our country is full of promise. 我们的国家大有希望。
v. to tell somebody that you will certainly do something允诺；答应
He promised the boy a book if he passed the examination.
要是这孩子考试及格，他答应送他一本书。
v. give reason to expect ,give hope of预示；给予…的希望
It promised to be an exciting one. 这看来将是一场激动人心的比赛。
kindergarten n.幼儿园
hardship n. 艰难；困苦,
bear [suffer] hardship 忍受苦难
bear vt. to suffer容忍；忍受
He bore all hardships bravely. 他勇敢地经受了一切磨难。
vt. hold up; support承担；承受
We will bear all the expenses. 我们将承担所有的费用。
discipline n.[u] training in self control and obedience 纪律
Our soldiers are strict in discipline. 我们的战士纪律严明。
self-improvement Xself n. 自我完善；自我修养
scholarship n. special sum of money to help a clever student go on studying奖学金
Fergus won a scholarship to Cambridge. 弗格斯获得了上剑桥大学的奖学金。
graduation n. an act of graduating毕业
What are you going to do after graduation 毕业后你打算做什么？
autograph n.[c] 亲笔签名
write one's autograph 签名 ask for a person's autograph 请某人签名
Madame Curie [XmBdRm XkjuRri] 居里夫人
Antarctica n. 南极洲
Chicago n. 芝加哥(美国城市名)
Unit 18 New Zealand
Words and expressions
fisherman n. man who catches creatures that live in watern.渔民；打渔人
There was once a poor old fisherman. 从前有位穷苦的老渔夫。
great-grandfather Zgreit n. 曾祖父
northeastern adj. (在)东北的；向东北方的；来自东北的
great-grandmother Zgreit n. 曾祖母
central adj. in the middle of something中央的；中心的
The Party Central Committee is leading us on the new long march.
党中央正在领导我们进行新的长征。
Piccadilly is in central London. 皮卡迪利广场在伦敦市中心。
coast n. the land which is next to the sea海岸
Soon after we left England we could see the coast of France.
我们离开英国后不久就看到法国的海岸。
surround v. be or go all round something or someone 围绕；包围
Trees surrounded the lake. 湖的周围长满了树。
mild adj. gentle, not hard or rough温和的
He is very mild and doesn't get angry. 他态度很温和，不爱发脾气。
adj. not hot and not cold温暖的；暖和的
We have mild weather in my native place. 我的故乡气候温和。
subtropical adj. 亚热带的
a subtropical plant 亚热带植物
bay n.[c] 海湾
the Bay of Tokyo = Tokyo Bay 东京湾
harbour n. place where ships come to land safely港；港口 =harbor
At daybreak we entered Shanghai harbour. 我们在拂晓时进入了上海港。
landscape n.[c] country scenes风景；风景画
At the top of the hill you looked down on the peaceful landscape.
在山顶上你俯瞰那宁静的风景。
n. the aspect of the land characteristic of a particular region: 地形
a bleak New England winter landscape 荒凉的新英格兰冬季地貌
volcano n. mountain with a hole in the top where fire, hot rock, ash, and gas come out [c] 火山
Vesuvius is a volcano. 维苏威山是一座火山。
spring n. place where water comes out of the ground泉；泉水
There was a spring in the garden from which we got our water. 花园里有泉，我们从那儿取水。
heat n.[u] high temperature; hot weather热度；热天气
You can feel the heat of the sun. 你可以感到太阳的热气。
v. make or become hot 使热；变热
Heat some water! 烧些热水吧！
surface n. outside of something 表面
The sea covers more than half the surface of the earth. 海洋覆盖着地球表面的大部分。
n. the outward appearance 外表
Her gentleness is only on the surface. 她只是外表温和而已。
rat n. an animal like a big mouse老鼠；耗子
The cat catches the rat. 猫捉老鼠。
settle vt. to make a place your home定居；移居
The family finally settled in South America. 这家人最后在南美定居下来。
vt. solve 解决
The question will be settled tonight. 这个问题将在今晚解决。
settler n.[c] 移民；定居者
voyage n. sea journey航海；航行
The voyage from England to India used to take 6 months.
从英国到印度的海上航行过去得用六个月的时间。
possession n. the state of owning; something you own拥有；占有
They are in possession of a big orchard. 他们有一座大果园。
take possession of 占有；占领
bold adj. with no fear, shame, shyness, etc.大胆的；勇敢的
It was bold of him to enter the burning building. 他敢进入那燃烧着的房屋，真是勇敢。
n. boldface. 【印刷术】黑体的；粗体的
paragraph n. a group of lines of writing 段；节
Write out this paragraph. 书写这段文字。
headline n. words in big letters in a newspaper（报刊上的）大字标题
location n. a position; a place地点；位置
This is a good location for a shop. 这儿是设置商店的好地点。
grassland n.草原；牧草地
grassy adj. covered with grass长满草的
a grassy hill 长满草的小山
rocky adj. 多岩石的；岩石的
a rocky coast 多岩石的海岸
sandy adj. 多沙的
a sandy shore 沙滩
hilly adj. 多小山的
mountainous adj. with many mountains多山的
About 80 percent of its territory is mountainous. 它的百分之八十的领土是山。
surprising adj. that one does not expect 使人惊奇的；出人意外的
Is there anything surprising about it 这难道还有什么可奇怪的？
secretary someone whose job is to type letters, look after papers, answer the telephone, etc. n.[c] 秘书；干事；文书
John is the secretary of our club. 约翰是我们俱乐部的秘书。
percent [pRXsent] n [c] 百分比; 百分数
About 50 percent of the pupils are girls. 大约百分之五十的学生是女生。
make up put together, compose组成；形成
Six women and nineteen men make up the committee.
六位妇女和十九位男人组成了这委员会。
wedding n.[c] ceremony when a man and a woman marry婚礼
When does the wedding come off (=take place) 什么时候举行婚礼？
burial n. the act of burying葬礼；埋葬
The burial took place at 6 o'clock. 葬礼是在六点钟举行的。
conference n.[c] meeting 会议
The conference was held at Beijing in 1984. 会议于1984年在北京召开。
relation n. someone in your family亲属；亲戚
An uncle is a relation. 叔叔（舅舅）是亲属。
n. the comparison or connection between things关系；联系
Your answer has no relation to the question. 你答非所问。
agricultural adj. 农业的; 农艺的
agricultural development 农业发展
cattle n. cows, and animals like them牛；家畜
Cattle feed on grass. 牛以草为食。
export n.[u] selling things to other countries出口，输出
Spain grows oranges for export. 西班牙生产橙子出口。
n.[c] something that one country sells to another country输出品；出口商品
Tea is an Indian export. 茶叶是印度的出口商品。
iv. sell goods, etc. to another country输出；出口
Brazil exports coffee. 巴西出口咖啡。
lamb n. a young sheep; the meat of a young sheep羔羊；小羊肉
turn to to begin work: 开始工作
If you just turn to, the cleaning will be done in a day.
如果你马上开始工作，清洁工作一天就能做完。
go to someone求助于
I had to turn to the dictionary for help. 我只得求助于词典了。
to present in a specified direction by rotating 转向
He turned his face to the wall. 他将脸转向墙。
ship vt. to send by ship or other means of transport v. 用船运；装运
Can we ship these cases to Shanghai 我们可以把这些箱子运到上海吗？
sail v. travel on the sea航行；乘船旅行
They sailed the Pacific on a raft. 他们乘木筏渡过太平洋。
go sailing 驾船航行；进行帆船运动
cottage n. a small house, especially one in the country村舍；小屋
She might tend and comfort him in our cottage. 她可以在我们小屋里照料他，安慰他。
seaside n. 海滨；海边
camp v. to live in a tent宿营；野营
We walked all day and camped by a river at night. 我们走了一天，晚上在一条河边宿营。
go camping live in tents or huts, for a holiday, etc宿营
region n. a district 地方；区域
They live in a farming region in Canada. 他们住在加拿大农业区里。
ethnic adj. 少数民族的；种族的
kiwi: n. 几维鸟；(口)新西兰人
Maori n. 毛利人；毛利语
Dutchman n. 荷兰人
marae [mRXrai] n. 毛利人集会地
Unit 19 Modern agriculture
Words and expressions
produce n.[u] what you grow on a farm. etc.农产品
This shop sells native produce. 这家商店出售土特产品。
v. give fruit, crops, etc生产；出产
We produce more grain this year than we did last year.
我们今年生产的粮食比去年（生产的）多。
protection n. the act of protecting; the state of being guarded保护；防卫
He lived under the protection of a strong and brave chief.
他在一位坚强勇猛的首领保护下生活。
dike n.[c] 堤坝；沟排水
sugarcane n. 甘蔗
arable adj. 可耕的；适于耕作的
arable land (可) 耕地
technique n. way of doing something技术；技巧
We should learn the advanced techniques from other countries
我们应该学习别国的先进技术。
fertilization n. 施肥；受精
fertilizer n. something used to put in soil to make it produce more肥料
This factory turns out chemical fertilizer. 这家工厂生产化肥。
fertilize v. 施肥
irrigation n.[u] 灌溉
an irrigation canal [ditch] 灌概渠 [沟]
modernize vt. 使现代化
pump n. machine that moves water, air, etc. into or out of something泵；抽水机
v. move water, air, etc. with a pump抽水
I was holding a jug while Annie pumped. 我提着一把水壶，安妮在抽水。
seed n. little thing that grows into a new plant or tree种子；籽
I plant the seeds in the spring. 我在春天播种。
seedbed n. 种子田；苗床
technical adj. of special, practical knowledge技术的；技能的
Everyone of us is active in technical innovation. 我们每个人都积极参加技术革新。
import n.[c] goods brought into a country from abroad进口；进口货
The imports and exports continue to grow in volume. 进出口量继续增长。
vt. to bring something into a country进口
Britain imports oranges from Spain. 英国从西班牙进口桔子。
delegation n. group of delegates代表团
Our delegation left Korea for home last Friday. 我国代表团于上星期五离开朝鲜回国。
production n.[u] making things生产；制造
The factory has made more cars this year--there has been an increase in production.
工厂今年制造了更多的汽车——产量增加了。
n. anything that is produced or made产品；产物
Some good production can be seen on television. 在电视上能看到某些好产品。
depend on: need someone or something 依靠；依赖依
All living things depend on (upon) the sun for their growth. 万物生长都依靠太阳。
trust; rely on信任；信赖
You may depend on me to help you. 你放心，我会帮助你的。
be a result of; be connected with视…而定；有赖于
Whether we go or not depends on the weather. 我们去不去要看天气而定。
method n.[c] way of doing something方法，方式
The new method works well in practice. 新方法在实践中行之有效。
shortage n. not enough of something不足；缺少
After the hot summer, there was a shortage of water. 炎热的夏天过去后，出现缺水现象。
greenhouse n.温室；花房
root n.[c] the part of a plant, tree, etc. that is under the ground根；根部
The roots of this tree go deep into the ground. 这棵树的根深深扎入地下。
insect n. small animal with six legs昆虫
Ants, flies, and wasps are insects. 蚂蚁、苍蝇和黄蜂都是昆虫。
GM XX =genetically modified 转基因
genetically iadv. 由基因决定；与遗传有关
gene n. 基因；遗传因子
modify v.更改；修饰
tobacco n. dried leaves that you smoke in cigarettes, cigars, and pipes烟叶；烟草
Smoking tobacco is bad for the health. 吸烟对健康有害。
watermelon n. 西瓜
soybean X n. 大豆
seedless adj. 无核的
golden adj. of gold or like gold in value or colour金黄色的；金制的
The field around us looked like a golden sea. 我们周围的田地看起来像一片金黄色的海洋。
tie n. long, narrow piece of cloth that a man wears round the neck of his shirt领带；领结
He was wearing a white shirt and a blue tie. 他穿一件白衬衫，带了一条蓝领带。
discovery n.[u] the act of discovering发现
The discovery of oil in Shandong was exciting news. 在山东发现石油是令人激动的新闻。
n.[c] something that is discovered 被发现的事物
He made wonderful discoveries in science. 他在科学上有过伟大的发现。
garden v. grow flowers, etc. 从事园艺；栽培花草
He's been gardening all day. 他整天从事园艺工作。
gardening n. cultivating of gardening园艺（学）
He is very fond of gardening. 他十分喜爱园艺。（他很喜欢种花。）
gardener n. someone who grows plants园丁
The gardener was planting some trees. 园丁在种树。
wisdom n.[u] the quality of being wise; wise thoughts, sayings, etc. 聪明，才智
He is a man of wisdom. 他是个聪明人。
practical adj. of doing实践的；实际的
Earning a living is a practical matter. 谋生是一实际问题。
adj. able to do useful things实用的；有实际经验的
He is a practical man and doesn't like empty talk. 他是一个注重实干的人，不喜欢空谈。
guide n. a person or book which shows you where to go向导；指南
He volunteered to act as a guide to the Palace Museum. 他自动提出充当游故宫的向导。
n. something that helps you to do things, etc.指引物
Signposts are a guide to drivers. 路标是司机的向导。
v. to show the right way; to lead领路；带领
He guided us through the forest. 他领我们穿过了森林。
v. teach or help someone指导
Teachers should guide the students in their studies. 教师应当指导学生们的学习。
firstly adj. 第一；首先
sow v. put seeds in the earth播（种） (sowed; sowed, sown)
The farmer sows the corn in the spring. 春天农民播种五谷。
condition n. 条件； 状况
What are your conditions for accepting the offer 在什么条件下你才会接受这个提议？
He is in good [bad, poor] condition 他身体健康 [不健康]
soil n. round; earth 土壤
Plants grow well in good soil. 作物在肥沃的土壤里长得好。
weed n.[c] wild plant 野草；杂草
The gardener pulled up the weeds. 花园工人拔除了杂草。
vt. to pull up weeds 除草
I spent all day weeding the lawn. 我花了一整天时间给草坪除草。
remove v. to take away (from); to take off 移动；搬开
They all came to help remove the stones. 他们都来帮忙搬石头。
plough v. cut and turn over the soil犁地；耕地 plow (美)
After they had got in the wheat, they set about ploughing. 他们收了麦子，接着就开始犁地。
n. the thing that a tractor pulls to plough soil犁
Some African farmers now use ploughs instead of hoes. 有些非洲农民现在用犁，而不用锄头。
and so on and other more or less similar things …等等
He is interested in art, and music, and books, and so on. 他对美术、音乐、书等都感兴趣。
sunflower n. 向日葵
proverb n. wise saying谚语；俗语
"The early bird catches the worm" is an English proverb.
“早到的鸟吃到食”（捷足先登）是一句英国谚语。
sunset n.[u] time when the sun goes down in the west; end of a day日落（时分）
We got home just before sunset. 日落之前我们刚到家。
morrow n. 翌日；次日
(on) the morrow (在) 第二天
cackle vi. <母鸡>咯咯啼叫； 呵呵笑
Unit 20 Humour
Words and expressions
humour n.幽默；诙谐；幽默感
I don't see the humor of it. 我看不出那有什么幽默。
humorous adj. 有幽默感的；滑稽的
a humorous writer 幽默作家
twister n. 缠绕者；难题
tongue twister 绕口令
bitter adj. with a sour, sharp taste苦的；味道苦
He swallowed the bitter pill. 他吞下了苦味的药丸。
adj. make sb. sad or angry 痛苦的
Failure is bitter. 失败是痛苦的。
witch n.女巫
chalk n. 粉笔
three colored chalks 三枝有色粉笔
couple n.[c] two people or things of the same kind that are together一对；一双
After the dance, the judge awarded the trophy to the winning couple.
舞会结束时，裁判员把奖品发给一对优胜的舞伴。
n.[c] man and his wife; boy friend and girl friend夫妇；情侣
The young couple get along quite happily. 小两口过得挺和美。
minister n.[c] one of the chief people in a government部长；大臣
He was appointed Chinese Minister to Japan. 他被任命为中国驻日本公使。
n.[c] Christian priest（基督教）牧师
comedian n. 喜剧演员
German adj. of Germany and its people德国（人）的；德语的
The German invasion of Belgium took place. 德军入侵了比利时。
n. 德国人；德语
A German speaks German. 德国人讲德语。
circus n. show given by clowns, animals, acrobats, etc马戏表演；马戏团
clown n.[c] jester 小丑
intend vt. plan to do something想要；打算
When do you intend to go/going to London 你打算什么时候去伦敦？
vt. mean 意指
What do you intend by this word 你说这话是什么意思？
cross-dressing [ZkrosXdresiN] n. 穿着异性服装
stage n.[c] part of the theatre where actors, dancers, etc. stand and move舞台
From my seat I could see the whole stage. 我从座位上可以看到整个舞台。
n.[c] a period of time which is part of a longer period阶段；时期
The baby has reached the stage when he can stand up. 婴儿到了能站立的阶段了。
stereotype n. 固定形式；老套
nationality n. (pl. nationalities) belong to a certain country国籍
"What nationality are you " "I'm Chinese." “你是哪国人？”我是中国人。”
n. a nation or people民族
The people of our various nationalities enjoy the absolute equality before the law.
我国各族人民在法律面前享有绝对的平等。
certain adj. sure; not doubtful 肯定的；无疑的
He is certain to do his duty. 他肯定会尽职。
make fun of laugh at someone in an unkind way取笑；开玩笑
They are making fun of the old man. 他们在作弄（或取笑）那个老头儿。
amuse vt. 使发笑；使愉快[by, with]
We were all highly amused by the comedian's antics.
小丑的滑稽表演逗得我们哈哈大笑
laughter n. the act of laughing 笑
The children were shouting with laughter. 孩子们高声大笑。
accent n. way of saying words in a language口音；重音
I know he is not English because he speaks with a foreign accent.
我知道他不是英国人，因为他说话带有外国口音。
actually adv.实际上；事实上
He looks unpleasant, but actually he is very kind. 他看起来板着面孔,但事实上很和蔼。
sketch 名词 n. a little play or act短剧；独幕剧
The school presented a group of sketches instead of a long play.
学校上演了几个小戏，没有演长剧。
n. a simple drawing that is made quickly略图；草图
His sketch is very short and humorous. 他的特写短而幽默。
typical adj. serving as a type, showing the characteristics of its class or group; representative典型的；有代表性的
That is typical of him. 那是代表他的典型。
cross talk X n. 相声
tradition n. custom; what a group of people have always done传统；习惯
In Britain it is a tradition to give children chocolate eggs at Easter.
在英国复活节给孩子们吃巧克力蛋是一个传统。
date back to 追溯到；从…开始有
make use of use利用；使用
We should make good use of our time. 我们应当充分利用时间。
rapid adj. quick; doing something fast迅速的；快的
He made such rapid progress. 他进步很快。
rhyme vi. sound alike in the last part押韵
'Drip' rhymes with 'trip'. drip和trip押韵。
rhythm n.韵律，格律；节奏
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n. 布景，场面，摹仿，讽刺
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n. 略图，草图，设计图
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v. 摘要，起草，标出，描绘，描写
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n. 草图
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n. 大纲
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n. 摘要，梗概，选录，剪辑
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v. 扼要地讲
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n. 中间
middle ( http: / / study.hongen.com / dict / ndsearch.aspx word=middle )
applaud vi. 鼓掌；喝彩；称赞
The audience applauded frantically. 听众疯狂地鼓掌 [喝彩]。
appreciate v. think highly of; value; enjoy重视；赏识；欣赏
She was appreciated everywhere. 她到处受到赏识。
v. feel grateful for感谢；感激
She appreciated being invited. 她因被邀请而感到快乐。
fluent adj. proceeding smoothly and easily流利的，流畅的
She speaks fluent English. 她说得一口流利的英语。
exist vi. to be, to be real存在
We cannot exist without air. 没有空气，我们就不能生存。
phrase n. a group of words in a sentence短语；词组
She told us to make sentences with these phrases. 她告诉我们用这些词组造句。
suffer v. experience something painful or unpleasant遭受（痛苦、不幸等）
He has suffered a lot of pain. 他痛得很厉害。
v. experience sorrow or grief经历不幸、痛苦
We all have to suffer at some time in our lives. 在人生的道路上我们都时而要受苦的。
peasant n. a poor person who lives in the country and works on his own small piece of land农民
More than 80 percent of the population are peasants. 百分之八十的人口是农民。
operate vi. function, work起作用；运转
How does this machine operate 这台机器运转怎么样？
vt. cause to work, keep in operation使工作；运转
Gradually she learned to operate a lathe. 她慢慢学会了开车床。
vt. make something work 操纵
This is a new model machine which is very easy to operate.
这是一台很容易操作的新型机器。
be on good terms (with sb) be friendly with someone (与某人)关系好
We are on good terms with our neighbours. 我们同邻居的关系很好。
direction n.[c] where someone or something is going or looking方向
Cars were coming from all directions. 汽车从四面八方开来。
n.[c] (pl.) words telling where to go, what to do, or how to do something指示；说明书
Before Pam made the cake she read the directions on the packet.
帕姆在做糕点之前看了一遍小包上的说明。
n.[u] instruction, order指导；指示
We study English under his direction. 我们在他的指导下学习英语。
brake n.[c] [常 ~s]煞车
apply [put on] the brakes 使用煞车
v. 煞车
brake an automobile 煞住汽车
cyclist n.骑自行车的人
fortunately adv. in a fortunate manner, by good fortune, happily幸运地
Fortunately the train was late so we did not miss it. 幸亏火车误点了，我们赶上了车。
bicycle n.[c] a machine with two wheels which we can ride自行车
There were no buses, so I came by bicycle. 没有公共汽车了，我就骑自行车来。
drive off 把（车）开走；赶走
silence n.[u] total quiet无声；寂静
There was silence in the courtroom. 法庭上寂静无声。
n. time of quiet, no talking, etc.沉默；肃静
There was a long silence before she answered the question.
在她回答问题之前，有好长时间的沉默。
look on …as 把……看作
rude adj. impolite; lacking courtesy粗鲁的；无礼的
Don't be rude to your teacher. 不要对老师无礼貌。
confuse vt. mix your ideas so that you cannot understand搅乱；把…弄糊涂
They asked me so many questions that they confused me.
他们问我那么多问题把我都弄糊涂了。
vt. mistake (one thing or person for another)混淆
It was confused among many objects. 它混杂在许多物品中。
confused adj. 困惑的；烦恼的
confused ideas 混乱的想法
Unit 21 Body language
Words and expressions
unfair adj. not fair, not treating people in the right way不公平的；不公正的
How dare you say I'm unfair 你怎么敢说我不公平？
customer n. someone who buys things from a shop顾客；主顾
Is he your regular customer 他是你们的老主顾吗？
avoid vt. keep away from; keep out of the way of; escape避免；逃避
You should avoid being late for your class. 你不要误了上课。
contact n. 接触；联系[with]
I don't usually have much personal contact with him.
我平常很少与他有私人上的往来。
RX vt. 接触；联系
Contact the police immediately. 立刻与警方联络。
frown v. move the eyebrows together when angry, worried, thinking, etc.皱眉
Don't frown at me. 别对我皱眉头。
lean v. bend yourself or itself（使）倾斜
The tower leaned a little to the right. 塔有些向右倾斜。
v. put something against another thing倚靠
The ladder leans against the wall. 梯子靠在墙上。
suitcase n. thing that bolds one's clothes, etc. when one travels小提箱；衣箱
Have you packed your suitcase 你已经整理好衣箱了吗？
ahead adv. in or into a forward position; before在前；向前；提前
Despite the snow storm they persisted in marching ahead. 尽管有大风雪，他们坚持向前挺进。
ahead of in front of 在…之前
The production plan was fulfilled ahead of time. 生产计划提前完成了。
give sb a hand 给某人帮助
manage vt. be able to do something that is difficult设法做成
We managed to get there in time. 我们总算及时赶到那儿了。
vt. control someone or something管理；经营
Mr. Smith manages a big shop. 史密斯先生经营一家大商店。
fold vt. to bend something back on itself折叠
I folded the letter and then pit it into the envelope. 我把信折好后放进信封。
vary vt. cause to change; make different or various使改变；使不同
Courses vary according to the needs of the students. 课程根据学生的需要而有所不同。
vi. change, become different改变；变成不同
His mood varied from day to day. 他的情绪每天都有变化。
disrespectful adj.无礼的
thumb n.[c] 拇指
raise one's thumb 竖起拇指(表示胜利、成功的动作)
index n.[c] 食指；索引
Brazil n. 巴西
crazy adj. foolish, mad发疯的；狂热的
You must be crazy to ride a bicycle that has no brakes! 你骑一辆没闸的车，一定发疯了吧！
Bulgaria n. 保加利亚(欧洲东南部之共和国)
Iran n. 伊朗
part vi. go away from each other; make people leave each other分离；分开
He waved goodbye when we parted. 我们分手时，他挥手告别。
Russia n. popular name for the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics俄罗斯
He found it important to study the situation in Russia. 他觉得研究俄国的形势很重要。
firm adj. hard, that will not move牢固的，稳固的
The leg of that chair is not very firm. 那条椅子腿很不牢固。
handshake n. 握手
bow [bau] v. to bend forward the upper part of the body to show respect鞠躬；点头
I bowed my thanks. 我鞠躬致谢。
interpretation n. explanation or meaning说明；解释
The sentence may be given several interpretations. 这个句子能有几种不同的解释。
palm n.[c] 手掌；手心 vt. 把……藏于手掌中
read a person's palm 看某人的手相
pat vt. touch something or someone gently with your hand several times轻拍；抚摸
The teacher patted her on the shoulder and told her to go on with her work.
教师拍拍她的肩膀，叫她继续做她的作业。
get through pass through; cause to pass through通过；使通过
I got through the written papers last term. 我上学期笔试及格了。
to reach someone, esp. by telephone 打通（尤指电话）
I tried to telephone you but I couldn't get through. 我给你打电话可是没有打通。
tear down wreck or demolish (a building) 拆