Unit 1 How do you study for a test整个单元[上学期]

Unit 1
Unit One How do you study for a test
I．Teaching Guide
Aims Learn to talk about how to study.How to give advice about study for others.
SentenceStructure How do you study for tests Well, I study by working with my classmates.Have you ever studied with a group Yes, I have. I’ve learned a lot that way.I’m having trouble learning English.I can’t get the pronunciation right.What about reading aloud to practice pronunciation I do that sometimes. I think it helps.Why don’t you join an English language club to practice speaking English Maybe you should join an English club.The best way to learn new words is by reading English magazines.Studying grammar is a great way to learn a language.Memorizing the words of pop songs helps a little.
Vocabulary flashcard, take notes, frustrating, memorize, comma, make mistakes, pronunciation, be afraid to, spoken……
Grammar Verb+by with gerund
Tasks Task 1. The ways of learningTask 2. Comment on the ways of learning English.Task3: Find some suitable ways of learning English.Task 4. Difficulty and adviceTask 5. Exchange ways of learning EnglishTask 6. Learn something new
II．Teaching Procedures and Tasks
Word Study
1. by
(1) “方法或手段”，意为“通过；用……的方法”。
I study fro a test by working with friends.
我通过和朋友们一起学习来参加考试。
(2) “以（某种方式）”，“通过”。
Don’t judge a man by his clothes. 不要以衣着取人。
（3） “通过……方式，传递的方式”等。
We went to Europe by water and returned by air.
我们乘船到欧洲去，坐飞机回来。
Shall I tell you the result by letter or by telephone
我是写信还是打电话把结果告诉你？
What do you mean by that 你是什么意思？
（4） “在身边，在手头”。
Have you got any money by you 你身上带钱了吗？
（5） “（时间）不迟于……， 到……时为止，在……之前”。
You must hand in your homework by tomorrow afternoon.
你们最迟明天下午要交作业。
（6） “凭借；靠；用；通过”。
She made a living by working as a waitress.
她靠当侍者谋生。
（7） “由于……的结果，凭着”。
I’m sorry I took your umbrella by mistake.
对不起，我错拿了你的雨伞。
（8） “被，由”。
He is reading a novel by Lu Xun.
他在读鲁迅写的一本小说。
（9） “握（抓、拿）住（身体等的某部分）”。
The old man took the little girl by the hand.
那位老人牵着那个小女孩的手。
（10） “在……旁边，在……附近”。
There is a house by the river.
河附近有一座房子。
2. end up 结束；结尾
(1) We get excited about something and then end up speaking in Chinese.
我们（常常）兴奋地开始某些话题，但（往往）以讲汉语而结束。
(2) end n. 结局；末端；死亡
The end of the story is very interesting.
这个故事的结局非常有趣。
(3) end v. 终止，完结
He ended his talk with “Thank you!”
他用一句“谢谢你”结束了他的谈话。
(4) 与end搭配的短语：
at the end of 在……的结尾，在……的末端
at the end=in the end=at last 最后，终于
by the end of 在……之前，到……结束为止
3. afraid
(1) be afraid of + 动名词或动名词+名词/代词，这里动名词常常表示主语担心发生的事情。这些常常是无意让发生的动作。
She didn’t tell him because she was afraid of upsetting him.
她没有告诉他，因为怕他不安。
(2) be afraid +不定式，表示主语非常害怕，以至不敢采取某一动作。这些通常是有意让发生的动作。
He was afraid to jump. 他不敢跳。 （他没跳。）
(3) be afraid that…
I’m afraid that he won’t come this evening.
今天晚上他恐怕不来了。
4. . Reading English magazines is the best way to learn English.
看英语杂志是最好的学习英语的方法。
Reading English magazines是动名词短语做句子的主语。
[Homework]
(1) Go over the new words and phrases.
(2) Finish SB p2 1
Task 1. The ways of learning
1. Warm up
Why do people want to study English It is difficult to answer this question. Many boys and girls learn English at school because it is one of their subjects required for study. Some people learn it because it is useful for their work. Many people learn English for higher studies, because at college or university some of their books are in English. Other people learn English because they want to read newspapers or magazines in English. Why do you want to learn English …….How do you study English ……
2. Check the ways and add some others in activity 1a.
3. Listening: 1b, 2a, 2b
4. Look at the pictures and then talk about how they learn English.
5. Think about how you learn English.
e.g. by making vocabulary lists, by surfing the Internet, by taking notes….
I study English by asking teachers questions. It can help me solve
some difficulties. I like to study by listening to cassettes. I think it improves my listening skills. I study English by…..
6. Interview your friends about their ways of learning English.
e.g. How do you study English
I study by listening to cassettes / studying with a group / watching TV / listening to English language music / taking part in English classes after school / getting an English tutor / reading English magazines / surfing the Internet …
Do you learn English by …
Yes, I do. / No, I don’t.
7. Sum up
I study English …
by getting an English tutor.
by surfing the Internet.
by asking the teacher for help.
by + doing
Task 2. Comment on the ways of learning English.
1. What ways do you think are the best ways to study English
I think studying English by working with a group is a good way because you can ask others when you have questions. I think studying English by surfing the Internet is a bad way because you have to use a computer. I think studying English by … is … because …
2. Please ask your friends about the best way to learn English.
e.g. - -- Which way do you think is the best to study English
--- I think talking with foreigners is the best way.
-- Why
--- Because it can improve our spoken English and listening.
How about you
--- I don’t think so. I think …ing is the best one because …
3. Sum up
V+ing
Memorizing the words of pop songs helped a little.
He thinks studying grammar is a great way to learn a language.
1.V-ing （动名词）做主语
2.谓语的单复数
e.g. Studying English is very important.
Listening more improves listening skills.
Eating too much can make us fat.
Eating well and sleeping well help us study well.
Eating too much can make us fat.
Eating well and sleeping well help us study well.
Task3: Find some suitable ways of learning English.
1. Game. Review the ways of learning English.
Ask the students to complete the sentences.
(1) In our school, most students memorize new words by ___________.
(2) _________is a good way to practice speaking English.
(3) About 60% of the students improve their listening by ___________.
(4) Almost all the students think it is necessary to _____________when they learn English because they can help each other.
(5) ……
2. Listening
(1) Why does the speaker suggest singing English songs （A）
A. It’s one way to learn English words.
B. Singing is fun.
C. He learned English through songs.
(2) What doesn’t he agree with （C）
a) Listening to language programs.
b) Using good English words in writing.
c) Reciting a lot of English words every day.
(3) How many questions did the speaker answer (B)
A. Three B. Four Five.
Tapescript:
I think you are asking very good questions on how to learn English. I will take each one in turn.
Listening to English songs is fine, but I think singing them is even better.
As young people, you can even start singing groups and do a few public performances. I’m sure you will learn a lot of useful English words from the songs. Meanwhile, singing makes learning English fun.
The next question is about speaking English. I think talking does not just improve your spoken English, but it can help all your language skills. When you speak English, you practice using the words and sentences to express your idea
The same thing with listening---just make sure that you listen to is not too difficult. For example, don’t listen to language programs that are made for native speakers. If you are a middle school student, find a program that is made for middle school students.
Some students asked if it is a good idea to recite 20 words a day. I don’t think that can help much. If I were you, I would use those words in sentence. By putting the words into two or three sentences and saying and writing the sentences several times, you would make the word part of your own vocabulary.
3. Section A reading 3a. Read the article and complete the chart.
4. Find some suitable ways of learning English.
e.g. I think I can study English by listening to English songs because I love music too.
I don’t think I can study English by getting an English tutor because I want to learn by myself.
I ( don’t ) think I can study English by …, because …
Task 4. Difficulty and advice
1. Listen and write down Mary’s advice.
Dear Kate, I got your letter today and I’m writing back immediately. I’m sorry to hear that you’re so upset. I don’t think it’s a good idea to have a quarrel with your parents. You must solve your problems. You’re right, mum and dad shouldn’t treat you like a child, but don’t forget ---you’re only fourteen and they worry about you. Why don’t you explain to them how you feel Tell them you’re growing up and need more freedom. But every time you go out, you should tell them where you’re going and who you are going to be with. Then they won’t worry so much. You should also tell mum that you want to go shopping with her. I’m sure she will understand. If you show her the kind of clothes you like, she’ll buy you what you want. Take my advice and you’ll see that things aren’t as bad as you think. I really hope everything goes well. Write back and tell me. LoveMary
Mary’s advice_______________________________________________________. _______________________________________________________. _______________________________________________________.
Key:
Mary’s advice1.She should explain to them how she feels and tell them that she’s growing up and needs more freedom..2.Every time she goes out, she should tell them where she’s going and who she is going to be with.3.She should tell her mother that she wants to go shopping with her and show her clothes she likes.
2. What things are difficult for you Make a list
I can’t pronounce some of the words.
I can’t…
I don’t know how to use commas.
I don’t know how to…
I make mistakes in grammar.
……
3. Give a hand
Please list three difficulties in learning English. Then ask your partner for advice.
e.g.--- I can’t pronounce some words.
What should I do
--- I think you should listen more.
You can / may…
Why not…
You’d better…
…
4. Give us an oral report about your partner’s difficulties and your suggestions.
e.g. I’m sorry to hear that he/she can’t …… I think he/she should listen to English cassettes or radio. It can improve his/her listening. And I think talking more with foreign teachers is also a good way. It can make him/her speak faster and faster.
I hope he/she can do better in speaking English soon.
Task 5. Exchange ways of learning English
1. Reading 3a. Ask the Ss to read 3a and write “T” or “F”.
2. Exchange ways of learning English.
Topic of Class Meeting:
Please share your good ways of learning English with others.
Ways, Feelings, Results
Write a passage about how you learn English.
e.g. It is not easy to learn English well. But good ways can always help us. As for me, I think listening more and speaking more are the most important ways. They can improve our listening and spoken English. And I study by asking teachers questions. It can help me solve some difficulties. I hope all of us can learn English well in good ways.
3. Self-check 1, 2.
Task 6. Learn something new
Ask students to collect information and write an article about how to learn to do something new.
e.g. No one knows how man learned to make words. Perhaps he began by making sounds like those make by animals. Perhaps he grunted like a pig when he lifted something heavy. Perhaps he made sounds like those he heard all round him ----water spla-shing, bees humming, a stone falling to the ground. Somehow he learned to make words. As the centuries went by, he made more and more new words. This is what we mean by language.
The words you know are called your vocabulary. You should try to make your vocabulary bigger. Read as many books as you can. There are plenty of books written in easy language. Your dictionary is your most useful book.
Extensive reading -----How do we deal with our problems
1. Pre-reading: Ask Ss to discuss these questions before reading:
1) Do you have any problems in your life and study
2) Are they big or small
3) What are they
4) How do you often deal with them
2. While-reading:
Check the ways of dealing with problems that are mentioned.
3. Post-reading:
Which way of dealing with problems do you think is the best Write about a time when you dealt with a problem this way.
Think of another way of dealing with problems. Tell a partner about this.
Stephen Hawking
Stephen Hawking's parents lived in London where his father was undertaking research into medicine. However, London was a dangerous place during World War II and Stephen's mother was sent to the safer town of Oxford where Stephen was born. The family were soon back together living in Highgate, north London, where Stephen began his schooling. In March 1959 Hawking took the scholarship examinations with the aim of studying natural sciences at Oxford. He was awarded a scholarship, despite(尽管) feeling that he had performed(完成) badly, and he specialized in physics in his natural sciences degree. He only made a First Class degree in 1962. From Oxford, Hawking moved to Cambridge to take up research in general relativity and cosmology (宇宙论), a difficult area for someone with only a little mathematical background. Hawking had noticed that he was becoming rather clumsy (笨拙的) during his last year at Oxford and, when he returned home for Christmas in 1962 at the end of his first term at Cambridge, his mother persuaded him to see a doctor. In early 1963 he spent two weeks having tests in hospital and motor neuron(神经细胞) disease was diagnosed(诊断). His condition deteriorated(恶化) quickly and the doctors predicted that he would not live long enough to complete his doctorate. However Hawking made progress with his research. The reason that his research progressed was that he met a girl he wanted to marry and realized he had to complete his doctorate to get a job. Between 1965 and 1970 Hawking worked on singularities(奇特) in the theory of general relativity devising new mathematical techniques to study this area of cosmology. From 1970 Hawking began to apply his previous ideas to the study of black holes. Continuing this work on black holes, Hawking discovered in 1970 a remarkable property. Using quantum theory (量子论) and general relativity he was able to show that black holes can emit radiation(辐射). In 1971 Hawking investigated(调查) the creation of the Universe and predicted(预言) that, following the big bang(撞击), many objects would be created. In 1982 Hawking decided to write a popular book on cosmology. By 1984 he had produced a first draft of A Brief History of Time. However Hawking was to suffer a further illness. Hawking was given a computer system to enable him to have an electronic voice. It was with these difficulties that he revised the draft of A Brief History of Time which was published in 1988. The book broke sales records in a way that it would have been hard to predict. Of course Hawking has received, and continues to receive, a large number of honors. He was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society in 1974, being one of its youngest fellows. He was awarded the CBE in 1982, and was made a Companion of Honor in 1989. Hawking has also received many foreign awards and prizes and was elected a Member of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States.
[Test]
一、Multiple choice
( )1. Please write a letter to tell your friend ________a better language learner.
A. how to become B. when to become
C. to become how D. why to become
( )2. All of us were ______at the _______news.
A. amazing, amazing B. amazing, amazed
C. amazed, amazing D. amazed, amazed
( )3. What is the best way _______the question
A. answer B. answering C. to answer D. to answering
( )4. It takes a lot of practice ________English well.
A. learning B. learn C. to learn D. learned
( )5. I don’t know this word. I want to _________in your dictionary.
A. look up it B. look it up
C. find it D. find it out
( )6. ---______do you improve your listening
---I improve my listening ______watching English movies.
A. What, by B. How, by C. Where, on D. When, on
( )7. _______the words of pop songs also helps a little with English study.
A. Memorizing B. Memorize C. Memorizes D. Memorized
( )8. My mum likes to watch me ______the piano.
A. played B. to play C. playing D. play
( )9. If you don’t know how to do it, please ask your teacher ____some _____.
A. on, help B. for, helps C. for, help D. on, helps
( )10.Usually we get _______about something and end up ______in Chinese.
A. exciting, speaking B. exciting, speak C. excited, speaking D. excited, speak
( )11. He’s been learning English _____five years.
A. in B. ago C. for D. since
( )12.----I’m worried, Jim. I don’t know how________ writing.
---Don’t worry! Why not _______ a pen pal
A. learn, to find B. learn, find
C. to learn, find D. to learn, to find
( )13. My sister has a lot of trouble _______math.
A. to learn B. learning C. learned D. learns
( )14. If you _______him tomorrow, ask him if he ______to our party next week.
A. see, comes B. will see, comes
C. will see, will come D. see, will come
( )15. ---Would you _____waiting a few minutes
---No, not at all.
A. like B. keep C. stop D. mind
二、Fill in the blanks
1. Most of us learn English by _________(study) our textbooks.
2. ---Have you make any vocabulary ______________(list) ----Yes.
3. Reading aloud can improve our ___________(speak) skills.
4. I found it important to learn English _________(pronounce) well.
5. I am free now. What about __________(go) out for a walk
6. A good dictionary is _____________(help) to your English-studying.
7. Hearing they will see a moving, the students all got ________(excite).
8. Don’t speak too ________(quick), we can’t catch you.
9. English can help us ___________(read) a lot of books and magazines.
10. I started __________(use) the old mobile phone a year ago.
11. She is an excellent ______(secret) in a big company.
12. I think the only thing you can do is listening for _____words, not every one. (important)
.Key:
1.Studying 2. lists 3. speaking 4. pronunciation 5. going 6. helpful
7 excited 8. quickly 9. (to) read 10. using (to use) 11. secretary
13. the most important
三、Reading comprehension:
英语学习方法总论
　　方法就是方法,它最终无法取代刻苦的学习.
　　第1部分 整体建议
　　1. We'd better develop our interest in English at the beginning of our study. To develop interest in English study is not very hard. We may have the feeling of satisfaction and achievement from our English study when we are able to say something simple in English, talk with others or foreigners in English and act as others' interpreters.
　　在英语学习之初,我们应该注重培养对英语学习的兴趣.培养对英语的兴趣并不难.当我们可以说点儿简单的英语,用英语与别人或与老外交谈,或作别人的翻译时,我们就可以从英语学习中得到满足感和成就感,这样,兴趣就培养起来了.请注意,这种满足感和成就感很重要!
　　2. Plans are always very essential, so we must make some elaborate and workable plans before study. And we should certainly carry out these plans to the letter.
　　制定英语学习计划太重要了,所以我们必须在学习前制定精细的和可操作的计划. 并且我们一定要严格执行这些计划.请注意:千万不要干没有计划的傻事,那等于在浪费生命.
　　　　3. Notes should be made whenever we study any book. We may follow this advice: Don't read book without making notes. As we know that notes are the summarization, the core content, our understanding and the abbreviations of the books. Our notes are much thinner than the books so that we can learn them by heart easier and can often review and read them. We may also record our notes on tapes so as to often listen to them easier, to deepen our impression and to lighten our burden of memory. Sometimes it is needful to draw some tables and illustrations that are very impressive, visual and concise.
　　无论学习什么,我们都要作笔记.我们可以参照下面的忠告:不作笔记就不要读书.如您所知,笔记是我们对所学课本的总结,中心内容,我们的理解和课本的缩略.笔记要比课本薄的多,我们可以较容易的记忆和经常复习他们.更胜一畴的做法是把笔记录成音,这样我们可以经常听一听来加深印象和减轻记忆负担.
　　4. Watching English movies, English TV programs, listening to English songs and learn English on some special occasions are also excellent and vivid English learning ways as we may combine English with some certain scenes to deepen our memory.
　　看英文电影,收看英语电视节目,听英文歌曲和在某些特定场景学习英语也是很棒和很生动的英语学习方式,因为这样我们可以把所学英语与某些特定的场景联系起来以加深记忆.
　　5. Never just memorize single English words. Learn by heart the whole sentences and the phrases that contain the new words so we may know how to use the words.
　　请不要孤立地背英语单词.请背记包含生词的句子或词组,这样我们才真正能运用这些词汇,而且印象更深.
　　6. If time permits, we may read Mini Chinese-English dictionary carefully from cover to cover, which may help us widen our sight and master knowledge in all aspects.
　　如果时间允许,通读小小汉英字典对于英语学习也帮助很大.他能帮助我们扩大视野并全方位地掌握所学知识.
　　7. Excellent personality is one of the decisive factors in English study. Persistence, patience, self-confidence and determination are badly needed.
　　优秀的性格也是英语学习的关键因素之一,坚持,忍耐,自信和坚定都是很重要的.当然如果兴趣培养得好, 可适当削弱这方面的要求.
　
　　Part 2 Detailed methods(第2部分 具体方法)
　　1. Oral English:(口语学习)
　 A. We study spoken English so as to make oral communications, so this order of importance of oral English study should be followed: Fluency, Accuracy, and Appropriateness. That is to say, we have to pay more attention to practical communicating ability instead of only laying emphasis on the grammatical correctness.
　　我们学习口语目的是为了与别人进行交流,所以英语口语中的几个要素的重要次序应为:流利-准确-恰当. 　
　　B. Try to find some partners practicing oral English together and English corner is a good place as where we may exchange English study experience, widen our sight and improve interest in English.
　　努力寻找学伴一起练习口语.英语角是个不错的地方,在那我们不但可以练习口语,还可以交流英语学习经验,开拓视野,提高英语学习兴趣. 　
　C. If English partners are not easy to get, then we have to create an English environment ourselves by speaking English to ourselves.
　　如果找不到学伴或参加英语角的机会很少,那么就需要通过自己对自己将英语来创造英语环境.比如对自己描述所看到的景物,英语口述自己正在作的事情.
　　D. This method is very effective and easy to insist on--interpreting Chinese-English novels or books. First we read the Chinese parts and then try to interpret them into English and then compare our interpretation with the original versions in the novels or books so that we can find out the mistakes, shortcomings and progresses in our interpretation.
　　　　这种方法非常有效且很容易坚持---口译汉英对照(或英汉对照)的小说或其它读物.首先我们先读汉语部分,然后逐句直接口译成英文,完成一小段后,去看书上的对应英文部分并与我们的口译进行比较,我们马上可以发现我们口译的错误,缺点和进步.
　　请注意:开始要选择较简单的读物.
　　这样作的好处:
　　1. 自己就可以练习口语,想练多久,就练多久.
　　2. 始终有一位高级教师指出您的不足和错误---英文原文.
　　3. 题材范围极广,可以突破我们自己的思维禁锢,比如我们总是喜欢谈论我们自己熟悉的话题,所以我们总是在练习相同的语言,进步当然就缓慢了.
　　4. 选择小说,幽默故事或好的短文阅读,使我们有足够的兴趣坚持下去.
　　5. 有一些我们在直接学习英语课文时被我们熟视无睹的地道的英语用法会被此法发掘出来.
　　6. 对所学知识和所犯错误印象深刻.这等于我们一直在作汉译英练习,很多英文译文是我们费尽心思憋出来的,所以印象相当深刻.比直接学习英文课文印象要深的多.
　　E. Interpreting what you hear---Changing Roles: Three people make a group: one speaks Chinese, one speaks English acting as the foreigner, one acts as interpreter. Then change roles. This is a good interpreting training method and is good for studying from one another. In addition, it may improve the responding ability and speed of students. The advanced stage of this method is simultaneous interpretation.
　　听译法-角色互换:三人一组,模拟翻译实战.一人将汉语,一人将英语,扮演老外,一人作翻译.练习一段时间后互换角色.这是一种非常好的翻译训练方法,也是很好的相互学习,取长补短的方法.而且可大大提高反应速度和能力.此法的高级阶段为同声传译,我们可以在听广播或看电视或开会时,把所听内容口译英文.
　　　　F. Oral composition and 3-minute training method: This method is suitable for intense training. Making an oral composition about a certain topic for one minute the first time and record the composition on tape at the same time. Then listen to the composition and find out the room for improvement. Then make the same composition for two minutes for the second time and also record it. And at last repeat the above-mentioned for three minutes.
　　口语作文和3分钟训练法:此法适用于强化训练.找好一个题目作一分钟的口语作文,同时将其录音.听录音,找出不足和错误,就此题目再作两分钟的的口语作文,同样录音,再听并找出不足与进步,继续作三分钟口语作文.这是高级口语训练,效果不俗.
　　G. Retelling exercise: Retell some articles or English stories in our own words.
　　复述练习:用自己的话口语复述我们所听的英语故事或文章.
　　H. If possible, we may read some English tongue twisters loudly and quickly with one or two cakes of candy in our mouth (just as the Chinese cross-talk actors do.) to train our oral cavity muscle and tongues suitable for English pronunciation.
　　如果可能我们也可以大声且快速朗读英文绕口令(就象相声演员练嘴),还可以同时口中含块糖以加大强化训练的力度.这样来强我们的口腔肌肉迅速适应英文发音,使我们的口语相当流利,清晰,而且还有自信.例如:
A big black bug bit the back of a big black bear. The big black bear bit back the big black bug.
This fish has a thin fin; That fish has a fat fin;
This fish is a fish that has a thinner fin than that fish.
IPaying more attention to phrases and small words as one major shortcoming of Chinese English (especially Chinese oral English) is that Chinese students tend to use big words in their oral language, but the idiomatic oral English is abundant with short, active and vivid phrases. And most of such phrases are made of small words.
　　特别注意短语(词组)和小词的运用,中国式的英语尤其是口语一个很大的缺点就是中国学生喜欢用大词,而真正地道的英语口语确是充满着短小,活泼,生动的短语,富有生气.而这些短语大部分有小词构成.
　　J. Oral English has its own features, but it is closely combined with other aspects of English, for example, writing may make oral English precise and accurate.
口语随自有特色,但与英语的其它方面紧密相连.比如,经常练习写作,可是口语精密,准确.
2. Listening comprehension:(听力)
A. We may improve our aural ability by speaking English in the native and idiomatic way. The pronunciation, intonation and sentence structure should not be in Chinese style.
可以通过讲地道的口语来提高听力.发音,语调和句子结构请不要中国化.既然能说出来,当然能听懂.当然这样作有点难.
B. Keeping a relaxed, natural and steady mood when listening to some materials. Namely, to establish self-confidence and to develop excellent psychological quality are essential in the improvement of aural ability.
在作听力练习时,力求保持放松,自然和稳定的心态.即建立自信心和培养良好的心理素质在听力提高中致关重要.
C. We may make some simple notes while listening, for examples, the names of people and places, time, age, distance, occupation, figures and so on to get a better understanding of the content.
在作听力练习时,我们可以作些简单的笔记,例如人名,地名,时间,年龄,职业,数字等以便更好地理解材料.当然还要以听为主.
D. Catching the drift of the content instead of understanding every word and never waste too much time on single words.
作听力练习要重材料大意, 而不要力求听懂每个词,不要在单个词上浪费太多时间.
E. Pay close attention to CONCESSION and TRANSITION so as to correctly understand the attitudes of the speakers. The following words are most important: even though, even so, in spite of, unless, although, no matter, however, whatever, no, nor, neither…nor, but….
　　密切注意听力材料中的让步与转折以便正确把握说话人的态度.特别关注这些词: even though, even so, in spite of, unless, although, no matter, however, whatever, no, nor, neither…nor, but….
F. If we may learn by heart new words by listening some word tapes, the results must be satisfactory.
　　在背记生词时,如果能听词汇磁带,那么对听力提高也很有好处.
　　3.Reading skills:(阅读)
　　a. Intensive Reading: When we read the intensive articles, we should make notes of the new words and phrases and good sentences. After reading them, we may ask ourselves some questions about them by using such words: Who, What, Why, When and Where. Then try to answer them in our own words.
　　精读:在精读课文时,我们要把生词,词组,句型做成笔记.读后要试着用这些疑问词提问自己:谁,什么,何时,何地且努力用自己的话来回答.
　　b. Extensive reading: We must train our ability to scan, skip and read fast. Namely, the ability to catch the key words, the topic sentences and the drift of the articles.
　　泛读:要培养浏览,跳读和快读的能力.即抓住关键词,主题句和中心大意的能力.
　　c. Reading speed: Three ways to improve our reading speed: 1) Reading the articles from the beginning to the end without intervals so to catch the rough idea of the articles on the whole. Never waste too much time on some new words and single sentences. 2）We may keep time when reading articles.3) When reading articles, we can point at the words with our finger or pen point and our eyes move with the finger quickly so that we are able to read very fast.
　　阅读速度:三种方法提高我们的阅读速度:1.先从头至尾不间断地通读课文以抓住课文大意.不要在单个词或单句上浪费太多时间.2. 阅读时计时.3.阅读时用手指或笔尖指向文章字句并快速移动来迫使我们的眼睛快速随手指或笔尖移动来强化我们的阅读速度.
　　d. Newspaper as good reading materials can widen our sight and richen our knowledge.
　　多读报,多受益:开阔视野,丰富知识,学习流行词语和英语最新发展.
　　4.Writing skills.( 写作)
　　a. We have to accumulate abundant materials before we write something, say, learning by heart crowds of articles.
　　写作需要有很多素材,积累素材很重要.要多背课文.
　　b. Try to express one meaning in various ways.
　　努力用多种方式表达一种意思.
　　c. Keeping English diary if possible.
　　写英语日记.
　　a) Prepare some new words, expressions and good sentences to be used before writing something.
　　在写作前准备一些要用的好词汇,好句子.
　　b) We may also make some English pen pals to establish English communication relationship through some media like newspaper and magazines.
　　结交英语笔友,写英文信.这种方法容易坚持,还很有意思.不仿一试,好处多多
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