状语从句
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课件115张PPT。状语从句 Adverbial clauses定义：
在复合句中由从句表示的状语称作状语从句，它可以用来修饰谓语（包括非谓语动词）、定语或状语，或是整个句子。 准确掌握每一个连词的含义是掌握状语从句的关键。同时要注意主从句的时态呼应。复合句与简单句：复合句 = 简单句 + 从属连词 +简单句He worked in that factorythree years ago.地点状语时间状语where his
father workedin that factorywhere I livedwhen he
lived thereHis father worked there.I lived there.He lived there
three years ago.复合句与简单句：复合句 = 简单句 + 从属连词 +简单句Put the book on the desk.where you took it.where it was.地点状语where you found it.You can’t camp here.where there are
a lot of trees.wherever you like.状语从句一般分为九大类状语从句类别: 时间状语从句 地点状语从句 原因状语从句 目的状语从句 结果状语从句 条件状语从句 方式状语从句 比较状语从句 让步状语从句
1.时间状语从句： 引导时间状语从句的连词有：when, while, as, the moment, before, after, till, until, since, as soon as 等。请注意 when, while, as 的区别When ---当……时候, 通常指某一特定的时间点，主句与从句的动作同时发生。When I opened the window, I saw him come up.When I have time , I will go to see you.When I came home, I met an old schoolmate of mine. He said he would tell her about it when he saw her.*注意：在时间状语从句中，主从句都是将来的动作或状态时，习惯上主句用将来时，从句用一般现在时。When --- 正在……的时候，突然…。通常主句是进行时或 be about to 时，在翻译的时候，when 可以译成没想到或突然。I was walking along the street , when I met him.I was about to fall asleep when my sister came in.One evening, little Hans was sitting near the fire when he heard a loud knock at the door.when既可引导持续性动作，又可引导短暂性动作。它表示动作同时发生，或从句的动作发生在主句动作之前。
eg :I will go on with the work when I come back tomorrow.
When 当从句是进行时，主句是一般时，往往表示不满。Someone knocked at the door when I was having breakfast.When I was leaving the house, the postman arrived.When the children had gone to bed, she began to
prepare her lessons. When=afterWhile ---在……期间，往往指一段时间。While we were in America, we saw him twice.While we were talking, he came in.Strike while the iron is hot. While ---表示一种不满情绪，意思是这边在干某种重要的事，而另一边在享受等。We are cleaning the classroom while they are playing the football.The soldier faces the powder while the beauty powder the face.While I am washing the floor, you can be cleaning the windows. While：指的是“在某一时间里”，“在…期间”，从句里的动作必须是持续性的，它也强调主句和从句动作的同时发生，往往侧重主句和从句动作的对比。e.g. While we were watching TV, he was writing a composition.
While I was reading, he come in. while也可做并列连词，表示对照的意思。如：e.g. He is tall while his brother is short. 当when, as, while表示“在…一段时间里”，主从句的动作同时发生时，可以换用。如： e.g. While (When或As) we were discussing, Mr. Smith came in.As --- 一边……一边, 随着She was doing her homework as she was listening to the music.As she grew older, she became more beautiful.As --- 当……时，指一个动作紧接着一个动作发生，从句通常用进行时。As I was going out, it began to rain.I saw Mary as she was going on the bus.As he was eating his breakfast, he heard someone knock at the door.Someone patted me on the shoulder as I was standing before the shop window.The moment --- 一……就…… =as soon as , immediately,---Did you remember to give Mary the money you owed her?---Yes, I gave her the moment I saw her.Not… until --- 直到……才He didn’t leave the office until he finished the work.=He left the office when he finished the work.Not …until 可以和 when 互换 ①肯定句中，主句用持续动词，表示“直到…为止”。
e.g. I worked till (until) he came back.
② 否定句中，主句用瞬间动词，表示“直到…才”。
e.g. I didn’t go to bed until (till) he came back.
e.g. Until I finished my homework, I didn’t go to bed.
注意：
（5） till/until句首一般用until。。
“Not until…did+主语”结构通常用来强调not until引起的时间状语。即“not+until”短语位于句首时，句中的主语 谓语要部分倒装。这种句子常被译为“直到。。。才”。例如：
Not until I finished my homework did I go to bed last night.昨天直到做完家庭作业我才睡觉。
Not until last week did he realize that he was wrong.直到上星期他才认识到他错了。
Before --- 在……之前The passengers should arrive at the airport an hour before the flight departs.Did you work as a stewardess before you come to this company?It was not long before I forgot it all.(It was /will be …before… 是常用句型)He ran off before I could stop him. 注意：
（3） Beforee.g. I had waited long before she came.
It won’t be long before she comes back.
They hadn’t been married a month before they quarrelled.After --- 在…… 之后The customer left the ticket counter after he had a quarrel with the ticket agent.The plane took off after the air traffic controller gave clearance.Since ---自从……, 通常主句用现在完成时I have never been there again since I graduated from the university.The captain has traveled almost everywhere in the world since he became a pilot.It is just a week since we arrived here. (It is /has been… since…+一般过去时是常用句型）
e.g. It is five years since I began to learn English.
As soon as --- 一……就……Jack went to school as soon as he got well.I’ll ring you up as soon as I get an answer from him.
（2）…as soon as… “ 一…就…”=Themoment/minute/second/instant… =No sooner ..than../ Hardly…when../ Scarcely…when.. =directly/immediately/instantly =On/Upon sth./ doing…No sooner than --- 一……就……No sooner had he arrived than he went away again.no sooner… than… 用于句首要求倒装Hardly …when…Scarcely …when…Once you see him, you will never forget him. Once --- 一但……就……Every time, each time 每次whenever 每当Each time he came to town, he would visit our school. Whenever we met with difficulties, they came to help us. 2.条件状语从句引导状语从句的连接词有:If, unless, as long as, in case, provided that, on condition thatIf ---如果If you don’t hurry up, you will miss the plane.If it snows tomorrow, the flight will be canceled.If you leave at 6 o’clock tomorrow morning, you’d better get to bed now. Unless --- 如果不, 除非=if notWe can’t get there on time unless we book the earliest flight= We cannot get there on time if we don’t book the earliest flight.
Don’t trouble trouble unless trouble troubles you. He will not join us unless he changes his mind.As long as --- 只要We will succeed as long as we keep on trying.You can’t play games as long as you remember the rules.A man is not old as long as he is seeking something.As (so) far as --- 据……所知As far as I know, he speaks English very well.As/So far as I know, he is an expert on DNA. In case --- 假使, 如果The plane cannot take off in case it rains.Send us a message in case you have any difficulty. Provided that 如果,有时省略 thatThe plane will be in good condition provided that it is taken care of carefully.You can become a stewardess provided that you are in good shape and you have got the proper education.On condition that --- 条件是…He said that he would come to the meeting on condition that no one asked him to speak.The mother promised to the son to buy him a toy airplane on condition that he passes his English test.注:主从句的动作发生在将来时，则主句用将来时, 从句用一般现在时。If he arrives tomorrow, I will be waiting for him at the airport.He said he would not leave unless it was fine next day.3.地点状语从句 地点状语从句只有两个连词:Where, whereverWhere --- 在……地方Put the medicine where you can easily get it.Where that high building stands, there used to be some low, deserted houses.Where there is a will, there is a way.Wherever --- 无论哪里He follows her wherever she goes.Wherever you are, I will be right there waiting for you.4.原因状语从句 because, as, since, now that, 和considering that, seeing that 这六个连词都用于表示表示原因, 但在语气上一个比一个弱.Because --- 因为,通常从句放在主句后.Mr Smith was very upset because he couldn’t find his luggage.He said that he couldn’t work because the computer was out of order.I succeed because I willed it, I never hesitated.I do it because I like it. As --- 因为, 通常放在句首As it is quite windy today, he decidesAs he is honest and modest, all his friends like him.Since ---既然 因语气较弱, 常译为既然Since everybody has come, we can set off.Since the purser didn’t tell us what to do, we can relax.Now that --- 既然Now that you are here, you can join us.Now that all airlines offer discount prices, we should do the same.considering that --- 顾及到 Considering that they are just beginners, they are doing quite a good job. seeing that --- 由于 Seeing (that) quite a few people were absent, we decided to
put the meeting off. since：表示“既然”，语气比because弱。e.g. Since you are here, you must do it. because, as, since, for的区别
① 在强调句中强调原因状语从句，
只能用because引导，不可用as或
since，如：
It was because he was ill that he didn’t go with us.② because可以引导表语从句,而
as, since不可以 It’s because he is too lazy.③ for也表示“因为”，但是并列
连词，它连接的不是状语从
句，语气比较强。 It must be morning, for the birds are singing.5.结果状语从句引导结果状语从句的连词有：that, so that, so…that…
such…thatSo… that --- 太……以至于 so 后面应用形容词或副词, 有时省略so只用thatBoeing 747 is so large that people like to call it jet bomb.The flight scheduled so early that nobody wanted to look on it.So that --- 因而，以便，为了 有时so 可以省去Can you move your luggage a little bit away so that I can put mine in the overhead bin too.Speak louder please so that the people at the back can hear you.When you skin your customers, you should leave some skin on to grow so that you can skin them again.Such …that… ---太……以至于 用法与so…that相同，但such 后面应用名词。The foreign visitor was such a fast speaker that nobody could understand him.The Canadian airline’s hangar is such a huge building that it can hold two medium-range jets at the same time. 6.目的状语从句 引导目的状语从句的主要连词有:that, so that, in order that, for fear that, lestLet’s take the front seats (so) that we may see more clearly.(So) that --- 以便, 从句中常常使用一些情态动词，如：can, could, may, might, should等 in order that --- 为了, 与so that 相同从句中常常使用一些情态动词，如：can, could, may, might, should等 School was closed early in order that the children might go home ahead of the storm. for fear that --- 生怕; 为了防止(某事发生)He took the name down for fear that he should forget it. The instructor emphasized on the issue three times for fear that the students did not pay enough attention to the problem.in case --- 万一 Better take more clothes in case the weather is cold. You should bring a dictionary in case you need it.Please take an umbrella in case it rains.Lest --- 以防万一The man decided to tell his boss the fact lest he would be angry with him.The manager of the workshop asked his staff to work overtime lest they wouldn’t finish the task on time.7.比较状语从句 引导比较状语从句的连词有：As…as…, not so (as)…as…, .
…than…, the more… the more... As…as… --- 像……一样If you don’t want to miss the flight, you need to be at the airport as early as possible.My grandma told me that her eyesight was as good as 10 years before.Cultivation to the mind is as necessary as food for the body.Not so (as)… as… --- 不像……The job is not so difficult as I thought it would be.The flight was not so/as harmful as the captain predicted.
He is as tall as I/(me)
…than… ---比……怎么样，用于事物间的比较，more 后面用形容词或副词People believe that being a stewardess is better than most of the other jobs.I personally think that the American movies are more interesting than Chinese onesA beautiful form is better than a beautiful face; a beautiful behavior (is) than a beautiful form.The more…, the more --- 越…… 越The more he listened to that song, the less he enjoyed it.The more things a man is ashamed of, the more respectable he is.8.让步状语从句 引导让步状语从句的连词有：Although, though, as, even if, even though, no matter, however, whatever, while, whetherAlthough, though ---虽然 although 和though 可以互换，但although 常放在句首。Though可以用于倒装。Although it was raining, the plane managed to take off. Although it was not his fault, he took all the blame.Though he did his best, he didn’t succeed.Child though he was, he did quite well. （2）though与although同义，用法基本一样，前者通俗，口语化；后者较正式，多放于句首。不能与but连用，但可以与yet, still等连用，用来加强语气。
Though ( Although ) he was tired, yet (still) he went on working.As --- 尽管 as 引导让步状语从句时，句子通常倒装。可与though 互换。Busy as he is, he never misses a football match.Hard as she works, she makes little progress.Even if /even though ---即使Even if you don’t like your boss, you should do your work.Even if you are not fond of flowers, you shouldn’t miss the chrysanthemum exhibition.Even though I might be wrong, I will go my way.Even though his dean didn’t mean it, he still felt embarrassed.However --- 不论， however 引导让步状语从句时，句子通常倒装He couldn’t get there on time however fast he drove.The father couldn’t make his daughter smile however hard he tried.N o matter (what, when, where, how) ---无论（什么，何时，何地，怎样）The old man wouldn’t believe anything no matter what you said.Please tell me the result no matter when you get it.He wouldn’t forgive me no matter how hard I begged him.I will find you no matter where you hide.Whatever --- 不管Whatever other people may say, she won’t change her mind.Whatever you do, it won’t affect our plan.While ---尽管While I have sympathy for you, I can’t help you.While it’s none of my business, I will watch you.Whether ---不管，常与or not 连用Whether he is good or not, the company decided to send him abroad.Whether his proposal is practical or not, the department plans to adopt.9. 方式状语从句 方式状语从句常由:as, as if, as thoughas ---与…… 一样 Do in Rome as the Romans do. Leave things as they are. as if, as though --- 仿佛, 由as if或 as though引导的从句中可用虚拟语气 She stood at the door as if (=as though) she were waiting for
someone.
He treats me as if I were his own son.
He walked as if he were drunk.
1.______ you decide to take up, you should try to make it a success.
A. If B. Whenever C. Unless D. Whatever2.It is foolish to take a taxi you can easily
walk to the station.
A. before B. that C. unless D. when3.I’ll accept any job, _____ I don’t have to get up early.
A. even though B. though C. in case D. as long as4.___________ problems you have, you can always come to
me for help.
A. What B. Whatever C. Whichever D. Which5. ______ much advice I gave him, he did exactly what he wanted to do.
A. How B. Whatever C. However D. No matter6.----Did you remember to give Mary the money you owed her?
---- Yes. I gave it to her ______ I saw her.
A. while B. the moment C.suddenly D. once7. If we work with a strong will, we can overcome any difficulty, _______ great it is.
A. what B. how C. however D. whatever8.I hurried _____ I wouldn’t be late for class.
A. since B. so that C. as if D. unless9. John plays football _____ , if not better than, David.
A. as well B. as well as C. so well D. so well as10. --What was the party like?
--Wonderful. It’s years
____ I enjoyed myself so
much.
A. after
B. when
C. before
D. since11.Don’t change your mind, ______ happens to you.
A. which B. what C. whichever D. whatever12. ___________ he comes, we won’t be able to go.
A. Without B. Unless C. Except D. Even13. Nobody believed him ____________ what he said.
A. even though B. even if C. no matter D. because14. I was watching TV _______ suddenly the lights went out.
A. when B. while C. as D. for15. Take your umbrella with you ____________ it rains.
A. if B. as if
C. in case D. as long as16.No sooner _______ entered the office _______I heard the telephone ringing.
A. had I, when B. I had, than C. had I, than D. I had, when17. I had hardly arrived _____ he started crying to go home.
A. as B. for C. when D. until18.It won’t be long ________ you regret what you said.
A. since B. when C. before D. till19. The new secretary is supposed to report to the manager as soon as she______.
A. will arrive B. arrives C. is going to arrive D. is arriving20. ______ the day went on, the weather got worse.
A. With B. Since C. While D. As
在复合句中由从句表示的状语称作状语从句，它可以用来修饰谓语（包括非谓语动词）、定语或状语，或是整个句子。 准确掌握每一个连词的含义是掌握状语从句的关键。同时要注意主从句的时态呼应。复合句与简单句：复合句 = 简单句 + 从属连词 +简单句He worked in that factorythree years ago.地点状语时间状语where his
father workedin that factorywhere I livedwhen he
lived thereHis father worked there.I lived there.He lived there
three years ago.复合句与简单句：复合句 = 简单句 + 从属连词 +简单句Put the book on the desk.where you took it.where it was.地点状语where you found it.You can’t camp here.where there are
a lot of trees.wherever you like.状语从句一般分为九大类状语从句类别: 时间状语从句 地点状语从句 原因状语从句 目的状语从句 结果状语从句 条件状语从句 方式状语从句 比较状语从句 让步状语从句
1.时间状语从句： 引导时间状语从句的连词有：when, while, as, the moment, before, after, till, until, since, as soon as 等。请注意 when, while, as 的区别When ---当……时候, 通常指某一特定的时间点，主句与从句的动作同时发生。When I opened the window, I saw him come up.When I have time , I will go to see you.When I came home, I met an old schoolmate of mine. He said he would tell her about it when he saw her.*注意：在时间状语从句中，主从句都是将来的动作或状态时，习惯上主句用将来时，从句用一般现在时。When --- 正在……的时候，突然…。通常主句是进行时或 be about to 时，在翻译的时候，when 可以译成没想到或突然。I was walking along the street , when I met him.I was about to fall asleep when my sister came in.One evening, little Hans was sitting near the fire when he heard a loud knock at the door.when既可引导持续性动作，又可引导短暂性动作。它表示动作同时发生，或从句的动作发生在主句动作之前。
eg :I will go on with the work when I come back tomorrow.
When 当从句是进行时，主句是一般时，往往表示不满。Someone knocked at the door when I was having breakfast.When I was leaving the house, the postman arrived.When the children had gone to bed, she began to
prepare her lessons. When=afterWhile ---在……期间，往往指一段时间。While we were in America, we saw him twice.While we were talking, he came in.Strike while the iron is hot. While ---表示一种不满情绪，意思是这边在干某种重要的事，而另一边在享受等。We are cleaning the classroom while they are playing the football.The soldier faces the powder while the beauty powder the face.While I am washing the floor, you can be cleaning the windows. While：指的是“在某一时间里”，“在…期间”，从句里的动作必须是持续性的，它也强调主句和从句动作的同时发生，往往侧重主句和从句动作的对比。e.g. While we were watching TV, he was writing a composition.
While I was reading, he come in. while也可做并列连词，表示对照的意思。如：e.g. He is tall while his brother is short. 当when, as, while表示“在…一段时间里”，主从句的动作同时发生时，可以换用。如： e.g. While (When或As) we were discussing, Mr. Smith came in.As --- 一边……一边, 随着She was doing her homework as she was listening to the music.As she grew older, she became more beautiful.As --- 当……时，指一个动作紧接着一个动作发生，从句通常用进行时。As I was going out, it began to rain.I saw Mary as she was going on the bus.As he was eating his breakfast, he heard someone knock at the door.Someone patted me on the shoulder as I was standing before the shop window.The moment --- 一……就…… =as soon as , immediately,---Did you remember to give Mary the money you owed her?---Yes, I gave her the moment I saw her.Not… until --- 直到……才He didn’t leave the office until he finished the work.=He left the office when he finished the work.Not …until 可以和 when 互换 ①肯定句中，主句用持续动词，表示“直到…为止”。
e.g. I worked till (until) he came back.
② 否定句中，主句用瞬间动词，表示“直到…才”。
e.g. I didn’t go to bed until (till) he came back.
e.g. Until I finished my homework, I didn’t go to bed.
注意：
（5） till/until句首一般用until。。
“Not until…did+主语”结构通常用来强调not until引起的时间状语。即“not+until”短语位于句首时，句中的主语 谓语要部分倒装。这种句子常被译为“直到。。。才”。例如：
Not until I finished my homework did I go to bed last night.昨天直到做完家庭作业我才睡觉。
Not until last week did he realize that he was wrong.直到上星期他才认识到他错了。
Before --- 在……之前The passengers should arrive at the airport an hour before the flight departs.Did you work as a stewardess before you come to this company?It was not long before I forgot it all.(It was /will be …before… 是常用句型)He ran off before I could stop him. 注意：
（3） Beforee.g. I had waited long before she came.
It won’t be long before she comes back.
They hadn’t been married a month before they quarrelled.After --- 在…… 之后The customer left the ticket counter after he had a quarrel with the ticket agent.The plane took off after the air traffic controller gave clearance.Since ---自从……, 通常主句用现在完成时I have never been there again since I graduated from the university.The captain has traveled almost everywhere in the world since he became a pilot.It is just a week since we arrived here. (It is /has been… since…+一般过去时是常用句型）
e.g. It is five years since I began to learn English.
As soon as --- 一……就……Jack went to school as soon as he got well.I’ll ring you up as soon as I get an answer from him.
（2）…as soon as… “ 一…就…”=Themoment/minute/second/instant… =No sooner ..than../ Hardly…when../ Scarcely…when.. =directly/immediately/instantly =On/Upon sth./ doing…No sooner than --- 一……就……No sooner had he arrived than he went away again.no sooner… than… 用于句首要求倒装Hardly …when…Scarcely …when…Once you see him, you will never forget him. Once --- 一但……就……Every time, each time 每次whenever 每当Each time he came to town, he would visit our school. Whenever we met with difficulties, they came to help us. 2.条件状语从句引导状语从句的连接词有:If, unless, as long as, in case, provided that, on condition thatIf ---如果If you don’t hurry up, you will miss the plane.If it snows tomorrow, the flight will be canceled.If you leave at 6 o’clock tomorrow morning, you’d better get to bed now. Unless --- 如果不, 除非=if notWe can’t get there on time unless we book the earliest flight= We cannot get there on time if we don’t book the earliest flight.
Don’t trouble trouble unless trouble troubles you. He will not join us unless he changes his mind.As long as --- 只要We will succeed as long as we keep on trying.You can’t play games as long as you remember the rules.A man is not old as long as he is seeking something.As (so) far as --- 据……所知As far as I know, he speaks English very well.As/So far as I know, he is an expert on DNA. In case --- 假使, 如果The plane cannot take off in case it rains.Send us a message in case you have any difficulty. Provided that 如果,有时省略 thatThe plane will be in good condition provided that it is taken care of carefully.You can become a stewardess provided that you are in good shape and you have got the proper education.On condition that --- 条件是…He said that he would come to the meeting on condition that no one asked him to speak.The mother promised to the son to buy him a toy airplane on condition that he passes his English test.注:主从句的动作发生在将来时，则主句用将来时, 从句用一般现在时。If he arrives tomorrow, I will be waiting for him at the airport.He said he would not leave unless it was fine next day.3.地点状语从句 地点状语从句只有两个连词:Where, whereverWhere --- 在……地方Put the medicine where you can easily get it.Where that high building stands, there used to be some low, deserted houses.Where there is a will, there is a way.Wherever --- 无论哪里He follows her wherever she goes.Wherever you are, I will be right there waiting for you.4.原因状语从句 because, as, since, now that, 和considering that, seeing that 这六个连词都用于表示表示原因, 但在语气上一个比一个弱.Because --- 因为,通常从句放在主句后.Mr Smith was very upset because he couldn’t find his luggage.He said that he couldn’t work because the computer was out of order.I succeed because I willed it, I never hesitated.I do it because I like it. As --- 因为, 通常放在句首As it is quite windy today, he decidesAs he is honest and modest, all his friends like him.Since ---既然 因语气较弱, 常译为既然Since everybody has come, we can set off.Since the purser didn’t tell us what to do, we can relax.Now that --- 既然Now that you are here, you can join us.Now that all airlines offer discount prices, we should do the same.considering that --- 顾及到 Considering that they are just beginners, they are doing quite a good job. seeing that --- 由于 Seeing (that) quite a few people were absent, we decided to
put the meeting off. since：表示“既然”，语气比because弱。e.g. Since you are here, you must do it. because, as, since, for的区别
① 在强调句中强调原因状语从句，
只能用because引导，不可用as或
since，如：
It was because he was ill that he didn’t go with us.② because可以引导表语从句,而
as, since不可以 It’s because he is too lazy.③ for也表示“因为”，但是并列
连词，它连接的不是状语从
句，语气比较强。 It must be morning, for the birds are singing.5.结果状语从句引导结果状语从句的连词有：that, so that, so…that…
such…thatSo… that --- 太……以至于 so 后面应用形容词或副词, 有时省略so只用thatBoeing 747 is so large that people like to call it jet bomb.The flight scheduled so early that nobody wanted to look on it.So that --- 因而，以便，为了 有时so 可以省去Can you move your luggage a little bit away so that I can put mine in the overhead bin too.Speak louder please so that the people at the back can hear you.When you skin your customers, you should leave some skin on to grow so that you can skin them again.Such …that… ---太……以至于 用法与so…that相同，但such 后面应用名词。The foreign visitor was such a fast speaker that nobody could understand him.The Canadian airline’s hangar is such a huge building that it can hold two medium-range jets at the same time. 6.目的状语从句 引导目的状语从句的主要连词有:that, so that, in order that, for fear that, lestLet’s take the front seats (so) that we may see more clearly.(So) that --- 以便, 从句中常常使用一些情态动词，如：can, could, may, might, should等 in order that --- 为了, 与so that 相同从句中常常使用一些情态动词，如：can, could, may, might, should等 School was closed early in order that the children might go home ahead of the storm. for fear that --- 生怕; 为了防止(某事发生)He took the name down for fear that he should forget it. The instructor emphasized on the issue three times for fear that the students did not pay enough attention to the problem.in case --- 万一 Better take more clothes in case the weather is cold. You should bring a dictionary in case you need it.Please take an umbrella in case it rains.Lest --- 以防万一The man decided to tell his boss the fact lest he would be angry with him.The manager of the workshop asked his staff to work overtime lest they wouldn’t finish the task on time.7.比较状语从句 引导比较状语从句的连词有：As…as…, not so (as)…as…, .
…than…, the more… the more... As…as… --- 像……一样If you don’t want to miss the flight, you need to be at the airport as early as possible.My grandma told me that her eyesight was as good as 10 years before.Cultivation to the mind is as necessary as food for the body.Not so (as)… as… --- 不像……The job is not so difficult as I thought it would be.The flight was not so/as harmful as the captain predicted.
He is as tall as I/(me)
…than… ---比……怎么样，用于事物间的比较，more 后面用形容词或副词People believe that being a stewardess is better than most of the other jobs.I personally think that the American movies are more interesting than Chinese onesA beautiful form is better than a beautiful face; a beautiful behavior (is) than a beautiful form.The more…, the more --- 越…… 越The more he listened to that song, the less he enjoyed it.The more things a man is ashamed of, the more respectable he is.8.让步状语从句 引导让步状语从句的连词有：Although, though, as, even if, even though, no matter, however, whatever, while, whetherAlthough, though ---虽然 although 和though 可以互换，但although 常放在句首。Though可以用于倒装。Although it was raining, the plane managed to take off. Although it was not his fault, he took all the blame.Though he did his best, he didn’t succeed.Child though he was, he did quite well. （2）though与although同义，用法基本一样，前者通俗，口语化；后者较正式，多放于句首。不能与but连用，但可以与yet, still等连用，用来加强语气。
Though ( Although ) he was tired, yet (still) he went on working.As --- 尽管 as 引导让步状语从句时，句子通常倒装。可与though 互换。Busy as he is, he never misses a football match.Hard as she works, she makes little progress.Even if /even though ---即使Even if you don’t like your boss, you should do your work.Even if you are not fond of flowers, you shouldn’t miss the chrysanthemum exhibition.Even though I might be wrong, I will go my way.Even though his dean didn’t mean it, he still felt embarrassed.However --- 不论， however 引导让步状语从句时，句子通常倒装He couldn’t get there on time however fast he drove.The father couldn’t make his daughter smile however hard he tried.N o matter (what, when, where, how) ---无论（什么，何时，何地，怎样）The old man wouldn’t believe anything no matter what you said.Please tell me the result no matter when you get it.He wouldn’t forgive me no matter how hard I begged him.I will find you no matter where you hide.Whatever --- 不管Whatever other people may say, she won’t change her mind.Whatever you do, it won’t affect our plan.While ---尽管While I have sympathy for you, I can’t help you.While it’s none of my business, I will watch you.Whether ---不管，常与or not 连用Whether he is good or not, the company decided to send him abroad.Whether his proposal is practical or not, the department plans to adopt.9. 方式状语从句 方式状语从句常由:as, as if, as thoughas ---与…… 一样 Do in Rome as the Romans do. Leave things as they are. as if, as though --- 仿佛, 由as if或 as though引导的从句中可用虚拟语气 She stood at the door as if (=as though) she were waiting for
someone.
He treats me as if I were his own son.
He walked as if he were drunk.
1.______ you decide to take up, you should try to make it a success.
A. If B. Whenever C. Unless D. Whatever2.It is foolish to take a taxi you can easily
walk to the station.
A. before B. that C. unless D. when3.I’ll accept any job, _____ I don’t have to get up early.
A. even though B. though C. in case D. as long as4.___________ problems you have, you can always come to
me for help.
A. What B. Whatever C. Whichever D. Which5. ______ much advice I gave him, he did exactly what he wanted to do.
A. How B. Whatever C. However D. No matter6.----Did you remember to give Mary the money you owed her?
---- Yes. I gave it to her ______ I saw her.
A. while B. the moment C.suddenly D. once7. If we work with a strong will, we can overcome any difficulty, _______ great it is.
A. what B. how C. however D. whatever8.I hurried _____ I wouldn’t be late for class.
A. since B. so that C. as if D. unless9. John plays football _____ , if not better than, David.
A. as well B. as well as C. so well D. so well as10. --What was the party like?
--Wonderful. It’s years
____ I enjoyed myself so
much.
A. after
B. when
C. before
D. since11.Don’t change your mind, ______ happens to you.
A. which B. what C. whichever D. whatever12. ___________ he comes, we won’t be able to go.
A. Without B. Unless C. Except D. Even13. Nobody believed him ____________ what he said.
A. even though B. even if C. no matter D. because14. I was watching TV _______ suddenly the lights went out.
A. when B. while C. as D. for15. Take your umbrella with you ____________ it rains.
A. if B. as if
C. in case D. as long as16.No sooner _______ entered the office _______I heard the telephone ringing.
A. had I, when B. I had, than C. had I, than D. I had, when17. I had hardly arrived _____ he started crying to go home.
A. as B. for C. when D. until18.It won’t be long ________ you regret what you said.
A. since B. when C. before D. till19. The new secretary is supposed to report to the manager as soon as she______.
A. will arrive B. arrives C. is going to arrive D. is arriving20. ______ the day went on, the weather got worse.
A. With B. Since C. While D. As