2005高考专题4
替代词it,that,one,which,so的用法比较
英语的代替现象比汉语普遍，使用代词的场合比汉语多。大多数句子中均用代词代替上文谈到的人、事物或情况，避免了对较多名词、冠词的反复使用，这样大大简化了句子。
最常用于表示替代关系的词语有it,that,which,one,so等，近几年高考试题中均对这些词的用法进行了考查，可见这几个替代词的用法非常重要。下面归纳它们表示替代时的不同用法。
一、it的用法
1、it指代上文所提事物的本身（it表时间、强调等的用法此处不阐明），如果所代替的事物为复数，则应该用they或them表示。
2、it也可以用来代替上文所提到的一件事。
1.The Parkers bought a new house but _____ will need a lot of work before they can move in. (NMET2001,25) A.they B.it C.one D.which
2.I am looking for a house. I’d like ____ with a brook around_____.
A.one,it B.it,it C.one,one D.it,one
3.Mary’s mother always told her to work hard, but______didn’t help. A.one B.he C.she D.it
4. —Do you like these photos — Yes, ____are very beautiful and I like____ very much.
A.they,those B.they,them C.ones,ones D.the ones, the ones
5.—Are you still using your old car --No, I sold___the other day.
A.it B.one C.that one D.the one
6.Yesterday I lost my pen, but now I have found_____.
A.it B.them C.ones D.those
7.—Where are my books --_____ are on the TV set.
A.Ones B.Those C.The ones D.They
8.Where have you put my shoes I can’t find_____anywhere.
A.them B.those C.ones D.the ones
9.Where did you buy the watch Would you please get____ for me
A.it B.one C.the one D.them
10.Don’t read in the sun. ____ is bad for your eyes.
A.One B.The one C.It D.This
二、that的用法
1、that用来指前文中确定的非同一事物，常用来替代与定冠词或形容词性物主代词连用的单数可数名词或不可数名词，相当于“the+名词”，其复数形式为those。
2、that表替代时为始终是特指（作指示代词和关系代词用时另论），可指上文谈到的人、物或情况（均为单数），可代替可数名词和不可数名词。
3、若that所代替的内容为前置用法，即要代替的内容将出现在下文中，一般用this,these或the following表示。
1.—He was nearly drowned once
—When was_______ (NMET2002 Beijing spring)
—_____was in 1998 when he was in middle school.
A.that,It B.this,This C.this,It D.that,This
2.Equipped with modern facilities, today’s libraries differ from______ (2003 Shanghai spring,26)
A.those of the past B.the past C.which of the past D.those past
3.Few pleasure can equal __of a cool drink on a hot day. (NMET99,17; NMET99 Guangdong,29)
A.some B,any C.that D.those
4.The population of Sichuan Province is larger than ____of any province in China.
A.one B.it C.that D.the one
5.What I want to suggest is_____: Everyone should have another try. We needn’t only wait for help.
A.that B.this C.it D.one
6.You see, the accident happened like_____: The red car hit the bus and made all the traffic stop.
A.that B.this C.it D.one
7.Listen! ________ is about the lessons we will have to finish today.
A.It B.The one C.The following D.One
8.The climate here is quite different from____ of Shengyang.
A.that B.it C.one D.the one
9.The study of idioms is as important as____ of grammar.
A.one B.that C.it D.this
10.My seat is next to_____ of my teacher.
A.that B.it C.this D.one
三、which的用法
1、在后置的非限制性定语从句中代替上文出现的事物或情况（单数或复数）。
2、在问句中作为疑问代词，在名词从句中作为连接代词用，其含义为“哪个、哪些”。
3、如果非限制性定语从句的先行词不是指主句内容，而是指具体的人、时间、地点，则不用which。
4、如果非限制性定语从句前置，则用as。
1.Dorothy was always speaking highly of her role in the play, _____, of course, made the others unhappy. (NMET2000,17)
A.who B.which C.this D.what
2.The result of the experiment was very good, which we hadn’t expected. (NMET2000 Beijing spring,10)
A.when B.that C.which D.what
3.China has its own English language newspaper, China Daily,______is published in Beijing.
A.that B.it C.which D.one
4.China Daily has plenty of advertisements, _____ help to cut the costs of making the newspapers.
A.that B.it C.which D.they
5._____ would you like better, the blue one or the red one
A.Which B.What C.That D.How
6.I don’t know in_____ direction the thief ran away.
A.whose B.what C.which D.where
7.The old scientist went to the U.S.A in 1921, _____ he spent his last years.
A.which B.when C.where D.that
8.____we all know, China is developing at a great speed to catch up with the western countries.
A.Which B.That C.It D.As
9.At last we came to an old castle, _____ roof was in a bad state.
A.which B.what C.whose D.that
10.The man was standing behind the window, _____ he could see what was happening outside the house.
A.from which B.from where C.where D.which
四、one 的用法
1、 常用来代替与上文所提到人或物相类似的不确定的另一人或物（泛指），且被替代者为可数名词单
数形式。
2、 若下文替代者表示非特指含义，则用a/an—adj—one形式表示；若下文替代者为另一特指含义，
则用the one或the—adj—one表示；若下文替代时为复数含义，则用the—adj—ones 或the ones表示。
3、 one作替代词用时，其前可加某些形容词或限定词，如the,this,that,which,each,every,any，但一般不
能直接在其前加物主代词。
4、one被后置定语修饰表示特指时，前面应加the；被形容词修饰表示泛指时，其前应加a/an；被形容词修饰表示特指时其前应加the。
5、one作主语时，其对应的物主代词用 one’s或 his，反身代词用 oneself或 himself，重复主语用 one 或he。
1.I hope there are enough glasses for each guest to have_______ . (NMET95,21)
A.it B.those C.them D.one
2.—Why don’t we take a little break —Didn’t we just have________ (NMET2000,23)
A.it B.that C.one D.this
3.Meeting my uncle after all these years was an unforgettable moment, one I will always treasure. (NMET2002,35)
A.that B.one C.it D.what
4. —Did a letter come for me —Yes, there was _______for you this morning.
A.one B.it C.the one D.that
5.He has a blue pen and two red ______.
A.one B.ones C.those D.the ones
6.I brought a necklace to you that day, but it was________.
A. a different one B.different one C.the different one D.different ones
7.I don’t like this blue cat, I’d like______.
A. the red one B.red one C.a red D.that red
8.I don’t like this expensive cake, _______ is OK.
A.cheap one B.that cheap C.a cheap one D.a cheap
9.____should love____country.
A.One,her B.She,her B.One,one’s D.One,ones
10.Such a drug will make_____ find it hard to go without it.
A.it B.that C.one D.ones
11.Yesterday I lost my pen, but I’ve bought______.
A.it B.that C.one D.the one
12.Young people like seeing the film, but old_____ don’t.
A.those B.ones C.one D.them
13.This book is_____that is needed by all of us.
A.it B.one C.that D.the one
14.He is_____who gave us the talk yesterday.
A.that B.one C.the one D.himself
15.Is this museum_____they paid a visit to yesterday
A.that B.where C.the one D.which
16.Your old bike is_____, it’s much better than_____
A.a good one,my new one B.good one,my one C.a good,my new one D.one good,new my one
17.This advice is different from_____.
A.that one B.that C.it D.the one
18.The books on the table are more than____ on the bookshelf.
A.they B.them C.those D.ones
19.A cake made of wheat costs less than____ made of rice.
A.one B.it C.those D.that
20.Do you like red ink or_____
A.blue one B.blue C.the blue one D.red ink
21.The step you’ve taken is_____ of much risk.
A.one B.that C.it D.ones
22.I’m told you’ve got some foreign stamps. Will you please give me_____
A.one B.it C.that D.the one
五、so的用法
1、so表示替代常用来代替上文中出现的内容，尤其是上文内容在下文中以宾语从句形式出现时。
2、如果在下文被代替者为否定含义的宾语从句，常用否定动词+so或直接用not代替。如：
1. —The boys are not doing a good job at all, are they
—______.(NMET2003 Beijing spring,22)
A.I guess not so B.I don’t guess C.I don’t guess so D.I guess not
2. —Do you think it’s going to rain over the weekend
—_____.(NMET94,13)
A.I don’t believe B.I don’t believe it C.I believe not so D.I believe not)
3. —Do you think it’s going to rain again —I _____, but I _____.
A.think not,hope so B.not think,so hope C.don’t think so,don’t hope so D.think not,hope not
4.—Do you think it’s going to be fine --Yes, and I______.
A.expect that B.expect so C.expect it D.expect them
5.—Will they come back again --No, I_____.
A.don’t believe B.not believe C.believe not D.don’t believe that2005高考专题6
It 用 法 与 高 考
it的常见用法有以下几类：
一、it可用于代替上文中提到的那一个事物。
二、it可用于代替上文中说到的一件事。
三、it可用于代替不知情的人（尤其是不知身份、性别和姓名的人）。
四、it可用于表示时间、天气、距离、计算结果等。
五、it可用于代替不定式、动名词、从句等，充当形式主语。其常用句型为： It---be---adj./ n. / v-ed---to+V/ V-ing/ Clause
六、it 可用于代替不定式、动名词、从句，充当形式宾语，把真正宾语（不定式、动名词、名词或从句）置于句末。其常用句型为： S---Vt---it---adj./ n.---to+V / V-ing /n./ Clause
七、 it可用于构成强调句，把一个句子中除谓语以外的句子成分（如主语、宾语、表语、状语等）提到句首加以强调。其构成形式是：It is(was) + 被强调成分（不能改变被强调成分的数和格）+ that/ who+原句剩余部分
八、it常用于一些固定结构中，作无人称代词用，充当主语等。
it用法专题练习2
1.___is four years since I left my hometown.
A.It B.There C.This D.That
2.___is no good____ without doing anything.
A.This, talking B.It, to talk C.It, talking D.That, to talk
3.The people there felt___ not so difficult to work with him.
A.it B.this C.it’s D.that
4.How long____ to finish the work
A.you’ll take B.will take you C.you’ll take it D.will it take you
5.____is a long way to school, which means____is a long way to go before we arrive.
A.It, there B.There, it C.It, it D.There, there
6.Mike’s mother was always telling him that he should not be lazy, but___ didn’t help.
A.she B.it C.he D.which
7._____ you met Jane
A.Where was that B.Who was it that C.Where was it that D.Where it was that
8.Who was____ that called him “comrade”
A.he B.that C.it D.one
9.They are all classmates. ____ is no wonder that they should help each other with
their studies.
A.There B.It C.This D.That
10.____ to all that Taiwan is the largest island in China.
A.As knows B.As we know C.It is known D.What is known
11.It was in the lab____ was taken charge of by Professor Black____ they did the
experiment.
A.that, where B.which, that C.whom, that D.which, where
12.____will be years____ we meet again.
A.There, since B.There, after C.It, that D.It, before
13.____ seems unlikely that he will catch the train.
A.It B.The man C.This D.That
14.____is easy to learn English, but ____is difficult to learn____ well.
A.It, it, this B.It, this, it C.It, it, it D.It, which, which
15.I don’t remember how many years ago_____ I last met you.
A.it was that B.that was it C.was it that D.that was when
16.---___ you left school ---About a year ago.
A.When was that B.When was it C.When was it that D.How long was that
17.Will you see to____ that our gift is taken back
A.me B.yourself C.it D.them
18.Was___because____ snowed last night that you didn’t come
A.it, it B.that, it C.it, that D.it, why
19.___was only when I reread the poems again____I began to appreciate their beauty.
A.That, why B.It, that C.It, it D.That, that
20.I hate_____ when people talk with their mouths full.
A.it B.that C.these D.them
21.Was______ I saw last night at the cinema
A.you it that B.it you C.that you it D.it you that
22.____ is a fact that English is being accepted as an international language.
A.There B.This C.That D.It
23.Does_____ matter if he can’t finish the job on time
A.this B.that C.he D.it
24.I don’t think _____ possible to master a foreign language without much memory
work.
A.this B.that C.its D.it
25.Is_____ necessary to complete the design before National Day
A.this B.that C.it D.he
26.I’m quite able to afford the suit. _____ is too cheap.
A.It B.Which C.Its D.There
27._____is a pity that he should be absent from the meeting today.
A.There B.That C.It D.He
28.---____is weeks since he was drunk. He hasn’t been drunk so much like this.
A.He B.It C.That D.There
29.---My mother loves music, but she can’t sing. ----So______ mine.
A.is it B.it is C.it is with D.it is so with
30.____no use arguing about such a matter with him.
A.There B.It is C.That is D.This is
2005高考专题1
独立主格结构常见类型及其用法
独立主格结构是由一个相当于主语的名词或代词加上非谓语动词、形容词（副）词、或介词短语构成的一种独立成分。该结构不是句子，也不是从句，所以它内部的动词不能考虑其时态、人称和数的变化，它与其主句之间既不能通过并列连词连接也不能有从句引导词引导，常用逗号与其主句隔开。独立主格结构在很多情况下可以转化为相应的状语从句或其他状语形式，但很多时候不能转化为分词形式，因为它内部动词的逻辑主语与主句主语不一致。在做这类题目时一定要小心判断，不能粗心大意。
一、独立主格结构的构成形式
1、逻辑主语+V-ing
这种构成形式内部的逻辑主语是分词的动作执行者，分词表示的动作不是整句主语发出的动作，而是其逻辑主语发出的动作。如：
1.__________no bus, we had to walk home.
A.There being B.Being C.Having been D.There was
2._______no bus, we had to walk home.
A.As there being B.As there was C.Being D.There was
3._______Sunday, the library doesn't open.
A.Being B.There being C.It being D.Having been
4.______Sunday, the library doesn't open.
A.As it being B.Being C.It is D.As it is
2、逻辑主语+V-ed
该构成形式内部的逻辑主语是分词的动作承受者。如：
1._________, the train started.
A.The signal given B.Giving the signal B.The signal being given D.The signal giving
2.__________, the train started.
A.After having given the signal B.After the signal given C.Giving the signal D.After the signal was given
3._________, the text became easier for us to learn.
A.Explaining new words B.New words explained C.Being explained new words D.Having explained new words
4.______________, the text became easier for us to learn.
A. When new words were explained B.Explaining new words B.New words explaining D.Being explained new words
3、逻辑主语+形容词（副词）
该结构相当于一个未带动词的“主—系—表”结构。如：
1.___________, the patient can leave the hospital.
A.Better conditions B.Conditions better C.Conditions are better D.Being better conditions
2._________, the patient can leave the hospital.
A.If better conditions B.If conditions better C.If conditions are better D.Being better conditions
3.________, we’d like to go outing.
A.Being Sunday B.Sunday OK C.Sunday is OK D.If Sunday OK
4.___________, we’d like to go outing.
A.If Sunday is OK B.Sunday being OK C.Sunday OK D.A,B and C
5._________, you can wait a while.
A.The play being still on B.The play still on C Being still on the play D.A and B
6._________, so you can wait a while
A.The play is still on B.The play being still on C.As the play is still on D.The play still on
4、逻辑主语+介词短语
该结构相当于不带动词的“主—系—介词短语”结构。如：
1.The boy followed the nobleman here, ___________.
A.a sword in hand B.a sword in his hand B.Being a sword in hand D.sword in hand
2.The boy followed the nobleman here ___________.
A.with a sword in his hand B.with a sword in hand C.with a sword being in hand D.a sword being in hand
3.He left the office, __________.
A.tears being in eyes B.tears in eyes C.being tears in eyes D.with tears being in eyes
4.He left the office __________.
A.with tears being in eyes B.with tears in her eyes C.being tears in eyes D.tears being in eyes
二、独立主格结构在整句中可作以下成分：
1、原因状语
该结构在句中作原因状语时相当于一个原因状语从句。如：
1.________ no bus, we had to walk home.
A.There being B.As there was C.There was D.A and B
2._________Sunday, the library doesn't open.
A.It being B.As it is C.Being D.A and B
3.____________, I had to ask for two days’ leave.
A.Mother being ill B.Bother ill C.As mother was ill D. A,B and C
4.____________, we have to work late into the night.
A.The exam near B.The exam being near C.As the exam is near D. A,B and C
2、时间状语
独立主格结构作时间状语时相当于一个由when, as soon as, after等引导的时间状语从句。如：
1.__________, the train started.
A.The signal given B.After the signal was given C.Given the signal D.A and B
2.__________, the text became easier for us to learn.
A. New words explained B.When new words were explained C.When teacher explained new words D.all above
3、条件状语
独立主格结构作条件状语时可以改为由if引导的条件状语从句。如：
1.___________, we'll go to visit the Great Wall.
A.Weather permitting B.If weather permits C.If permitting D.A and B
2._________, the patient will recover himself soon.
A.If the treatment is in time B.The treatment in time C.The treatment being in time D.A,B and C
4、伴随状语
独立主格结构作伴随状语时相当于一个介词短语或并列谓语。如：
1.We have lessons every day, ___________.
A.Sunday included B.Sunday including C.Sunday is including D.all the above
2.The boy fell asleep,___________.
A.cap on head B.with a cap on head C.a cap on was on head D. all the above
3.Father came home,_________
A.a dog following him B.a dog followed him C.being followed by a dog D.all the above
with + 复合宾语结构常见类型及其用法
Composed by Chinephone Lew
“with + 复合宾语”结构是指“with +宾语（名词或代词）+ 非谓语动词（分词、不定式）、介词短语、形容词或副词等”所构成的一种介词短语。该结构内部若是动词，则其非谓语形式的选用要注意三点：若内部动词表示将来（无论主动还是被动），则用不定式；若内部动词表示被动且属过去，则用过去分词；若内部动词表示持续主动动作，则用现在分词。该结构在句子中可以作以下几种成分：
1、原因状语
1.With the man ______ us ahead, we had no trouble finding the village.
A.To guide B.Guiding C.Guided D.To have guide
2.With a lot of work_____, she doesn’t have time to rest. A.to do B.to be done C.doing D.done
3.With the machine _____all the time, we finished harvesting crops in time.
A.to work B.worked C.working D.Being working
2、时间状语
1.The street looks more beautiful with all the lights _____.A.are on B.on C.to be on D.been on
2.With our problem ________, we all felt happy.
A.to settle B.to be settled C.settled D.being settled
3.With his work______, the secretary began to walk home. A.to do B.doing C.done D.to be done
3、伴随状语
1.She left the offices with tears ________.
A.in her eyes B.in eyes B.being in eyes D.to be in eyes
2.The man found the door with both his eyes ______.
A.to be closed B.being closed C.closed D.closing
3.We felt uncomfortable with two waitresses_______.
A. standing by B.to be standing by C.stood by D.being standing by
4.The murderer was brought in, with his hands________.
A.to be tied behind B. tied behind C.tying behind D.being tied behind
5.You can’t see well ________.
A. with the glasses on B.being on the glasses C.with the glasses to be on D.with the glasses
4、后置定语
1.Do you know the man ______ a book in his hand A.with B.having C.being D.A and B
2.Please offer your seat to the woman _____ a baby in her arms.A.carrying B.having C.with D.all the above
分词、独立主格和“with + 复合宾语”作状语的区别
分词结构、独立主格结构、with + 复合宾语结构在句中均可作状语，其区别是这样的：
一、分词在句中作状语时句子的主语是分词的逻辑主语，即主句主语是分词的动作执行者（用现在分词）或动作承受者（用过去分词或现在分词被动式）。这种情况下的分词短语可以改为相应的状语从句或并列谓语。
分词短语在句中常作以下状语：
1、原因状语
1._______late, we had to walk home. A.Being B.As we were C.We being D.A and B
2.______ busy, they had no time to play. A.As they were B.Being C.Because they were D.all the above
2、时间状语
1._______ the students' homework, the teacher found a lot of mistakes.
A.When he was correcting C.When he corrected C.Correcting D.all the above
2.________by your teachers, you are supposed to be modest.
A.When you are praised B.Praised C.When praised D.all the above
3、条件状语
1.______ more time, he is sure to finish his test paper. A.If he is given B.If given C.Given D.all the above
2._______ another chance, I'll do my job better.A.If I have B.If having C.Having D.all the above
4、伴随状语
1.Father came back, _______ a bag of money on his left shoulder.
A.carrying B.he was carrying C.and he was carrying D.all the above
2.Father came back, _______ by a monkey.
A.and he was followed B.followed C.and was followed D.all the above
二、独立主格结构和with + 复合宾语结构在句子中作状语时，这种结构内部的分词或介词短语的逻辑主语不是整句的主语，即主句主语与分词的逻辑主语不一致。如：
1.______, we’ll go fishing in the country.
A.Permitting weather B.Weather permitted C.Weather permitting D.Permitting
2._________, he finished playing the game of chess.
A.His eyes closing B.With his eyes closed C.Closing his eyes D.Closed his eyes
3._________, I couldn’t get the book I wanted.
A.Closed B.Library closed C.Closing library D.With library closing
三、使用分词短语、独立主格结构、with + 复合宾语结构分别在句子中作状语时要注意：它们与主句之间不应有从属连词（如when, if, as soon as, as, while等）或并列连词（如and, but, or, so等）。例如：
1.____________ the teacher told the class to go through the text
A.Checking the answers B.Checking the answers and C.When checking the answers and D.all the above
2._________a rainy day, so all the farmers had to stay inside.
A.It being B.Being C.It was D.all the above
3.As_______a little sick, he remained at the clinic.
A.feeling B.he felt C.he felling D.all the above
四、在使用独立主格结构、with +复合宾语结构、分词结构作句子的状语时，一定要看句子主语同这些结构的逻辑关系。
1、当句子主语与该状语内部动词之间有逻辑上的主谓或动宾关系时，该状语可用分词结构或从句表示。
1.______ in thought, he almost ran into the car in front of him.
A.Lost B.As he was lost C.He lost D.A and B
2._______for the bus at the stop, he suddenly caught sight of a thief.
A.Waiting B.When he was waiting C.As he was waiting D.all the above
2、若句子主语与状语内动词之间不存在逻辑上的主谓或动宾关系且状语内有自已的逻辑主语。则该状语不能用分词结构，只能用独立主格结构、with +复合宾语结构或从句。如：
1.The soldier fell asleep ___________.
A.with the candle burning B.burning the candle C.when he was burning the candle D.when burning the candle
2.__________, the Tiananmen Square looks more beautiful.
A.Being on B.When being on C.With all the lights on D.When it turns on all the lights
3.________ the notice, he had an idea.
A.When he was watching B.Watching C.When watching D.all the above
4.________ the notice, an idea came to his mind.
A.When he was watching B.Watching C.When watching D.all the above2005高考专题2
反意疑问句 对 应 规 则 二十四条
反意疑问句是英语四大问句之一，它是由一个陈述句加上一个短问句而构成的。反意疑问句的基本构成形式是：陈述句+动词（肯定或否定）+主语？如：
①She often has lunch at school, doesn’t she ②You don’t like sports, do you
使用反意疑问句要注意以下若干对应规则：
一、 反意疑问句中问句部分的动词与陈述部分的动词在语气上成相反的对应关系，即：
肯定+否定？ 否定+肯定？如：
①You can’t do it, can you ②They are very late for the meeting, aren’t they
二、 反意疑问句中问句部分的动词与陈述部分的动词种类要对应一致。如：
①He has supper at home every day, doesn’t he （不能用hasn’t he ）
②They have known the matter, haven’t they （不能用don’t they ）
三、 反意疑问句中问句部分的动词在时态上应和陈述部分的时态一致。如：
①They will go to town soon, won’t they （不能用don’t they 或 aren’t they ）
②He works very hard, doesn’t he （不能用didn’t he 或won’t he ）
四、 反意疑问句的陈述部分含有由un-, im-, in-, dis-, 等否定意义的前缀构成的词语时，陈述部分要视为肯定含义，问句部分用否定形式。如：
①Your father is unhappy, isn’t he （不能用is he ）
②The man is dishonest, isn’t he （不能用is he ）
③It is impossible to learn English without remembering more words, isn’t it （不能用is it ）
五、反意疑问句的陈述部分带有little, few, never, hardly, seldom等否定意义的词时，问句部分用肯定式。如：
①She never tells a lie, does she （不用doesn’t she ）
②He was seldom late, was he （不用wasn’t he ）
六、反意疑问句的陈述部分为I am……时，问句部分习惯上用aren’t I？表示。如：
I am a very honest man, aren’t I
七、反意疑问句的陈述部分为I(We) think(believe, suppose, consider) + that从句时，问句部分的动词及主语与that从句内的动词和主语保持一致。如：
①I think that he has done his best, hasn’t he
②We think that English is very useful, isn’t it （不用don’t we ）
八、反意疑问句的陈述部分为I(We) don’t think(believe, suppose, consider)+ that从句时，从句为否定意义，问句部分的动词和主语仍与that从句保持一致且用肯定式。如：
①I don’t think that you can do it, can you （不用do I ）
②We don’t believe that the news is true, is it （不用do we ）
九、反意疑问句的陈述部分为非第一人称主语+ think(believe, suppose, consider) + that从句时，问句部分的动词和主语与陈述部分的主句动词和主语保持一致。如：
①They all think that English is very important, don’t they （不用isn’t it ）
②He didn’t think that the news was true, did he （不用wasn’t/ was it ）
十、反意疑问句的陈述部分为主语+said( told, reported, asked……) + that从句时，问句部分的动词和主语与陈述部分的主句动词和主语保持一致。如：
①They said that you had finished your work, didn’t they （不用hadn’t you）
②Kate told you that she would go there, didn’t she （不用wouldn’t she ）
十一、陈述部分的主语为不定代词something, anything, nothing, everything时，问句部分的主语用it。如：
①Something is wrong with the computer, isn’t it ②Nothing has happened to them, has it
十二、陈述部分的主语为不定代词somebody(someone), anybody(anyone), nobody(no one), everybody(everyone)时，问句部分的主语用he或 they，这时问句动词的数应和he或 they一致。如：
①Someone has taken the seat, hasn’t he ②Everyone has done their best in the game, haven’t they
十三、陈述部分为Let me……时，问句部分习惯上用shall I 或will you 形式。如：
Let me have a try, shall I (will you )
十四、陈述部分为Let us……时，问句部分习惯上用will you 形式。如：
Let us stop to rest, will you
十五、陈述部分为Let’s……时，问句部分习惯上用shall we 形式。如：
Let’s go home together, shall we
十六、陈述部分用上述情况以外的祈使句时，问句部分一般用will you 形式表示请求，用won’t you？形式表示委婉请求或邀请。如：
①Do sit down, won’t you / will you ②You feed the bird today, will you
③Please open the window, will you (won’t you )
十七、陈述部分为否定祈使句时，问句部分一般用will you 形式。如：
Don’t make any noise, will you
十八、陈述部分为There (Here) + be + 主语时，问句部分用动词+there(here) 形式。如：
①There are two cakes on the plate, aren’t there ②Here is a story about Mark Twain, isn’t here
十九、陈述部分用had better +原形动词表示建议时，问句部分用hadn’t +主语？形式。
①You’d better tell him about the matter, hadn’t you ②We had better do it by ourselves, hadn’t we
二十、陈述部分用used to +主语时，问句部分用didn’t + 主语？或usedn’t +主语？形式。
①He used to live in the country, didn’t he /usedn’t he
②They used to be good friends, didn’t they /usedn’t they
二十一、陈述部分用must(may, might) + have + V-ed表示推测时，若句中带有明显的过去时间的状语，问句部分动词用过去时形式。如：
①He might have forgotten his pen in the classroom yesterday, didn’t he
（不用mightn’t he / hasn’t he ）
②You must have got up late this morning, didn’t you （不用mustn’t you /haven’t you ）
二十二、陈述部分用must(may, might) + have + V-ed表示推测时，若句中没有带明显的过去时间的状语，问句部分动词用现在完成时形式。如：
①Everyone must have known the death of the waitress, haven’t they （不用mustn’t they ）
②You must have worked there a year ago, didn’t you （不用mustn’t you / haven’t you ）
二十三、陈述部分的主语为从句时，问句部分的主语一般用it代替，如：
①What he said is true, isn't it （不用didn’t he ）
②Where we will build the dam has not been decided yet, has it （不用won’t we ）
二十四、陈述部分的主语为动名词或不定式时，问句的主语用it代替。如：
①To do one good deed is easy for a person, isn't it ②Skating is your favorite sport, isn't it
反意疑问句专题练习
1.I think they will go to town tomorrow, ________
A.do I B.don’t I C.will they D.won’t they
2.I don’t believe he can catch up with me, _________
A.can he B.can’t he C.do I D.don’t I
3.I’m sure that I will be well again, __________
A.am I B.aren’t I C.will I D.won’t I
4.I am afraid that he will not come, _______ A.am I B.aren’t I C.will he D.won’t he
5.They don’t believe you are wrong, _________
A.are you B.aren’t you C.do they D.don’t they
6.He thought you were Beijing, _________
A.didn’t he B.did he C.weren’t you D.were you
7.We told you that he would come tonight, _______
A.didn’t we B.did we C.would he D.wouldn’t he
8.The reporter said the news was not true, _________
A.wasn’t it B.didn’t he C.did he D.was it
9.They suggested that he should go to work at once, ________
A.did they B.didn’t they C.should he D.shouldn’t he
10.Your brother has lunch at home, _________-
A.hasn’t he B.doesn’t he C.has he D.does he
11.John has to get up early, ________ A.has he B.hasn’t he C.does he D.doesn’t he
12.She has got to get everything ready, _________
A.hasn’t she B.has she C.doesn’t she D.does she
13.She has never been to China, _________ A.has she B.hasn’t she C.doesn’t she D.does she
14.She had better tell you the news right now, _______
A.had she B.hadn’t she C.did she D.didn’t she
15.They would rather not have done that last week,________
A.would they B.wouldn’t they C.have they D.haven’t they
16.I’d rather stay here for a rest, ________ A.did I B.would I C.didn’t I D.wouldn’t I
17.You ought to do it again,_________ A.ought you B.oughtn’t you C.do you D.don’t you
18.You must do that again,_________ A.mustn’t you B.needn’t you C.do you D.don’t you
19.He must wait here, __________ A.mustn’t he B.doesn’t he C.shouldn’t he D.does he
20.He must be a good worker,________ A.mustn’t he B.needn’t he C.isn’t he D.doesn’t he
21.He must have been to China twice,_________
A.hasn’t he B.didn’t he C.wasn’t he D.mustn’t he
22.He must have been ill last week,__________
A.hasn’t he B.didn’t he C.wasn’t he D.mustn’t he
23.He must have known you during the war,__________
A.hasn’t he B.didn’t he C.wasn’t he D.mustn’t he
24.He must have known the result already,_________
A.hasn’t he B.didn’t he C.wasn’t he D.mustn’t he
25.There used to be a temple here,________
A.didn’t there B.did there C.used there D.was there
26.They used to be good friends,________
A.usedn’t they B.didn’t they C.used they D.both A and B
27.Mother usedn’t to dress the baby,______
A.didn’t she B.did she C.used she D.usedn’t she
28.The students used to go to see him,_______
A.usedn’t they B.didn’t they C.used they D.both A and B
29.Alice, you have a little more chicken,________
A.haven’t you B.don’t you C.will you D.do you
30.Hi! Alice, you have bought a little chicken,_________
A.haven’t you B.won’t you C.will you D.have you
31.You two had breakfast just now,__________
A.hadn’t you B.didn’t you C.had you D.did you
32.You two had finished the breakfast,_________
A.hadn’t you B.didn’t you C.did you D.had you
33.Neither you nor I was invited to the party,________
A.were we B.weren’t we C.was I D.were you
34.Either he or she is to clean the window,__________
A.are they B.aren’t they C.isn’t he D.isn’t she
35.It is Jiao Yulu who turned Lankao into a rich district,_______
A.is it B.isn’t it C.did he D.didn’t he
36.It was you who never made such mistakes,________
A.wasn’t it B.weren’t you C.did you D.didn’t you
37.The little child dared not climb the tree,________
A.dared he B.did he C.was he D.does he
38.What he said is not wrong,__________ A.didn’t he B.did he C.is it D.isn’t it
39.That his parents were ill made him a little worried,_________
A.weren’t they B.were they C.didn’t it D.wasn’t it
40.He dislikes what you have said,__________ A.does he B.doesn’t he C.have you D.haven’t you
41.(2003Shanghai spring)If you want help—money or anything,let me know,____you
A.don’t B.will C.shall D.do
42.(2002Shanghai)Mrs. Black doesn’t believe her son is able to design a digital cameral,____
A.is he B.isn’t he C.doesn’t she D.does she
43.(2002Shanghai spring)Brian told you that there wasn’t anyone in the room at that time,___
A.was there B.wasn’t there C.didn’t he D.did he
44.(2001Shanghai)I don’t suppose anyone will volunteer,_____
A.do I B.don’t I C.will they D.won’t they
45.(2000Shanghai)The news that they fialed their driving test discouraged him,___
A.did they B.didn’t they C.did it D.didn’t it
46.(NMET99)—Alice,you feed the bird today,____ --But I fed it yesterday.
A.do you B.will you C.didn’t you D.don’t you2005高考专题5
怎样做好词汇专题练习
英语词类共分以下几种：名词、代词、动词、形容词、副词、数词、连词、冠词、介词、感叹词等。其中，名词、代词、动词、形容词、副词、数词为实词，它们在句子中可以独立充当某些成分，如主语、谓语、宾语、表语、定语、状语、补语。连词、冠词、介词、感叹词为虚词，又叫粘着词，它们不能在句子中单独使用，必须和实词连用，构成名词短语、动词短语、形容词短语、副词短语、介词短语、从句等。
分清英语词类和短语的意义在于了解英语句子的表达方法和英语各类词在不同句子中的使用规定以及各种同类词的辨析，学会解英语词类辨析题和其他专题。
在学习英语各类词的用法之前，首先了解英语句子类型和各类句子中各种成分所使用的词类，不然，会在解题时把词类误用。
1、充当句子主语只能是名词短语、代词短语、数词短语、非谓语动词短语、从句，不能是形容词短语、副词短语、介词短语、更不能直接用虚词；
2、充当句子谓语的必须是动词短语，且动词有“三要素”和“两语态”及语气使用要求，谓语不能是形容词短语、副词短语、介词短语、名词短语和各类虚词；
3、充当表语的可以是名词短语、代词短语、数词短语、非谓语动词短语、从句、介词短语，也不能直接用虚词；
4、充当宾语的可以是名词短语、代词短语、数词短语、非谓语动词短语、从句，不能是介词短语、形容词短语、副词短语和各类虚词；
5、充当定语的可以是名词短语、代词短语、数词短语、非谓语动词短语、介词短语、形容词短语、副词短语、从句等，定语分前置定语和后置定语两种，某些形容词作定语用前置还是后置要取决于形容词的意义和属性；
6、充当状语的可以是名词短语、数词短语、非谓语动词短语、形容词短语、副词短语、介词短语、从句等，不能是单独的虚词；
7、充当补语（主语补语和宾语补语）的可以是名词短语、代词短语、数词短语、非谓语动词短语、形容词短语、副词短语等，不能是单独的虚词。
8、各类句子成分与其句子类型的对应关系：
A、主----系（谓）---表 B、主----动（谓）---宾
C、主----动（谓）---宾（人）---宾（物）（双宾）
D、主----动（谓）---宾（物）---介---宾（人）（双宾）
E、主----动（谓）---宾（人/物）---宾补 F、主----动（谓）---无宾---（状）
G、主----动（被动式）---主补---（状）
9、定语可以出现在主语、表语、宾语、状语中主体词前后，但不会出现在谓语动词主体词位置上；
10、宾补应紧跟在宾语后面；
11、主补应出现在被动句中谓语动词之后。
开始学习英语词汇前，必须明白英语句子的构造形式及句子中各种成分的位置以及各种成分应该使用的词类和短语，否则，无法把英语的词汇学好，更无法把英语语法学好，更无法学会解英语考试题。
