高一第一单元复习[上学期]
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unit 1 Friendship
一、词汇详解
1．add v加；增加；加起来；又说，补充
(1)“I don't believe it，”he added．他补充说：“我不相信。”
(2)His illness added to the family trouble。 他的病给家里增加了负担。
(3)These figures don’t add up right． 这些数字加起来不对。
(4)His whole school education added up to no more than one year．
他所受的学校教育加起来不过一年．
知识归纳：
(1)add + that从句(或直接引语) 补充说 (2)add to sth．增加
(3)add up to加起来的总和是 (4)add up合计，加起来
(5)add．．。to．．．给．．．。加上； ．．．．往．．．．添加．。．．．
2．upset(upset，upset，upsetting)
(1)The news quite upsets me．这消息使我心烦意乱。
(2)The drunken man upset the vase．那醉汉打翻了花瓶。
知识归纳：
(1) vt ;vi使不安；使心烦 ：
(2)adj.心烦意乱的；不适的；不舒服的；倾覆的；作形容词时，：可作伴随状语。
(3)n,v 倾覆、
3．ignore vt．不理睬；不顾
(1)Ignore the child if he misbehaves，and he will soon stop．
孩子胡闹时，别去理他，不久他就会不闹了。
(2)He ignored the doctor's advice．他不顾医生的忠告。
ignorance n.无知；不知 be in ignorance Of sth．不知某事from ignorance出于无知
4．calm down平静下来；镇定下来
(1)The sea calmed down． 海上风平浪静了。
(2)Calm down yourself!请你安静(镇定)下来。
常用带down的短语 ：bring down降低 get down下来，笔录 knock down撞倒 look down俯视 put down放下，记下 run down耗尽，诽谤 send down开除；吩咐 set down写下 ；turn down调低音量 write down写下
5．crazy adj．疯狂的；狂热的
Young girls and boys have grown crazy about rock music．
小女生和小男生们对摇滚乐近乎疯狂。
She iS crazy about painting these days．She stays in her studio
a11 day long． 她沉迷于画画，整天待在画室里。
It was crazy Of you to let such a young girl to drive your car．
你让这么小的女孩开你的车，你真疯了。
be／become／grow crazy about．．．对．．．．十分狂热
be crazy to do sth．做……是疯狂的
6．be concerned about为……担心；关心；关注
(1)Why is She so concerned about his、attitude to her work
她为什么对他怎样看自己的工作那么重视
(2)The family are all concerned about her future．全家人对她的未来十分担心。
so／as far as I'm concerned．就我个人而言……
as concerns．．．关于.．．; 相当于regarding
concern oneself with／in／about／over．．．忙于；从事；关心；关切
7．1oose adj．松的；松散的；松开的
(1)I always carry some loose cash in my pocket．我经常在我的口袋里放点零花钱。
(2)Such behavior lost him his job．这种行为使他失去了工作。
loose adj人松的；松散的；松开的
lose (1ost，lost)vt丢失；丧失 专心于
8．cheat n．欺骗；骗子 v.吐欺骗；骗取；欺诈；作弊
(1)One day，two cheats came to see the Emperor．一天，两个骗子来见皇帝。
(2)It's wrong to cheat in an examination．考试作弊是不对的。
cheat指用不诚实的手段骗人的钱财。
fool指为了好玩而捉弄人。
9．share v．分享；均分 r：．一份，份额；一份责任
(1)They Shared the sweets into equal Shares． 他们平分了糖果。
(2)Mother is Sharing the Cakes among the Children．妈妈正在把蛋糕均分给孩子们。
(3)They Will Share (in) the joys and sorrows． 他们将同甘共苦。
share sth．(out)among／between sb．在……之间分配某物
share sth．with sb．与某人分享某物
share(in)sth．分摊或分享某物
10．set down放下；写下；记下
(1)It is unnecessary to set down everything your teacher told in the class．
没有必要把老师在课上说的所有内容都记下来。
(2)The bus stopped to set down an old lady．公共汽车停下来让一位老妇人下车。
常用带set的短语：
set up建立；创立；树立 set out to do／set about doing开始着手做某事
set off／out for／to a place出发去某地 set off出发；使爆炸；引起
set aside／by保留，贮存．．．．． set sb．free释放某人 set fire to点火
11．go through经历；经受；仔细检查；用完；被通过；参加；搜查；履行
(1)1 went through the students’papers last night．昨晚我仔细批阅了学生的作业。
(2)You really don't know what we went through while working on this project．
你的确不知道我们搞这个项目吃了多少苦。
(3)Their plans went through．他们的计划得到了批准。
常用带go的短语：
go in for．．．爱好…… go with．．．与……调和 go on继续；发生 go out熄灭
go off离去；爆炸 go against违反，违背 go by经过 go ahead前进；好吧
go over走过去；仔细检查；复习 go all out(to do)全力(去做)
go down on one’S knees屈膝下跪
12．purpose n．意图，意向，目的
(1)She sometimes does things on purpose just to annoy me．
她有时故意做些事来气我。
2)I went to that city just for the purpose of improving my English．
为了提高我的英语，我去了那个城市
on purpose故意地 for the purpose为了…的目的．
13．dare敢；敢于
(1)I wonder whether he dare try． 我不知他是否敢于一试。
(2)I wonder whether he dares(to)say such things．我奇怪他怎么敢说这些话。
(1)作情态动词 主要用于表示疑问、否定条件的句子中在使用时带有一般情态动词的特点，没有数的变化，但有时态的变化，后面跟不带to的不定式，否定形式直接在后面加not或缩写成daren’t的形式。
(2)作实义动词 除了具备一般实义动词的特点外，在否定句、疑问句中dare后的to可以略。
14．remain／stay
(1)The shop stays／remains open till night．商店一直营业到晚上。
(2)The doctor advised me to stay in for a few days．医生建议我(在医院)待几天。
(1)同：作系词，指“保持某一状态”时，可通用。
(2)异：remain着重指在别人已离去，或事情有变动以后，继续：保留或保持原来的状态。stay指“停留，逗留”· ：
(3)remain与stay作“留下、保持某一状态”讲时。它们常用作：连系动词，可通用。当表示“剩下”时，通常用remain；表示“在某处或在某处住下”时，用stay
15．suffer vi．&Vt．遭受，蒙受；受痛苦
(1)They suffered a lot in the flood． 在洪水中他们遭受了很大的损失。
(2)The peasants suffered from heavy taxes and hunger at that time．
在那时农民受重税和饥饿之苦。
(3)She was suffering from light infection and sore throat．
她患有轻度感染，咽喉疼。
知识归纳：
surfer用作及物动词时，意为“遭受，蒙受”，后接pain，defeat，loss，poverty，hunger等名词。用作不及物动词时，意为“受痛苦”，常用句型“suffer from．．．”。suffering n．痛苦；苦难
16．advice n． 忠告；建议
知识归纳： advice为不可数名词，不能直接与数词连用，但可以说a piece；of advice，two pieces of advice。 常用短语 give advice to sb．给某人建议 ；follow sb's advice按某人的建议办 act on sb’s advice按……建议办 accept one'sadvice接受某人的建议(忠告) ；take sb．’s advice／take advice from sb．接受某人的建议 ；ask(for)sb’s advice／ask sb．for advice／ask advice of sb．征求某人的意见
17．face-to-face／face to face
(1)They had a face—to—face interview with the students．
他们对那些学生进行了面试。
(2)I have kept in touch with them by telephone for many years，but l never met them face to face． 跟他们电话联系有好多年了，但从未面对面碰过头。
同类辨析：
face-to—face面对面的(作定语) face to face面对面地，面对着(作状语)
注意：face-to-face和face to face在句中的不同作用。
18．get along／on with
(1)How are you getting along with your work 工作进展如何
(2)Tom gets on very nicely with his classmates．汤姆同他的同学相处得很好。
(3)The project is getting on much better now．工程进展得顺利多了。
19．be in love with sb．(sth．)／tall in love with sb．
经典范例：
(1)The man fell in love with the beautiful girl On seeing her．
第一眼看到那个女孩，他就爱上了她。
(2)I am now in love with reading novels．
我现在迷上了看小说。
同类辨析：
fall in love with sb．“爱上某人”，短暂性动词短语，不能与for引导的时间状语连用。
be in love with sb．“与某人相爱”，be in love with sth．“喜爱某事物”，延续性动词短语，可与for引导的时间状语连用。
20．join/join in／take part in
(1)Will you join us in the game 你愿意和我们一起玩游戏吗
(2)I joined the Party last month．我上个月人了党。
(3)The students take part in a11 kinds Of activities after class．
学生们课后参加各种活动。
同类辨析：
take part in参加某种工作、事业，以积极的姿态在工作或事业
上尽一份职责
join in参加谈话、讨论、聚会、游戏 join sb．in和某人一起做某事
join加入某个党派、组织并成为该党派、组织的一员
二、句型必背
1．until(till)的四种句型
(1)Not until 12 last night did l go to bed． 昨天晚上我十二点才上床睡觉。
(2)I shall wait for him till(until)he comes back． 我将一直等他回来。
(3)I didn't go to bed till(until)he came back． 直到他回来我才上床睡觉。
(4)It was not until last week that he realized he was wrong．
直到上个星期他才认识到他是错误的。
知识归纳：
(1)主句(肯定式)+until(till)时间状语或状语从句(注意：此句型中的谓语动词一般是延续性的，表示“直到……为止”)
(2)主句(否定式)+until(till)时间状语或状语从句(注意：此句型中谓语动词一般是非延续性的，表示“直到……才”)
(3)Not+until时间状语或时间状语从句+助动词(常用did)+主语+动词原形(注意：not放在句首，用部分倒装)
(4)It was not+until时间状语或时间状语从句+that+主句(注意：此句型实际上是强调not until状语或状语从句。应该记住：无论是强调时间、地点或原因状语，一般只用that。这一点与定语从句不同，且此句型是陈述句语序，不用倒装)
2．It's the first(second)time that．．．．某人第一次(第二次)做某事
(1)It’s the first time that Lao Zhang has held an art exhibition．
这是老张首次举办画展。
(2)h was the second time that she had come to the mountain village to see the children． 这是她第二次来到这个山村看望这些孩子。
注意：从句一般用完成时。
同类辨析：
(1)the first／second time还可以在句中充当一个连词词组，引导状语从句。
(2)for the first／second time在句中只能充当时间状语。
3．SO that句型
so that(in order that)引导目的状语从句，另外so that或so+
adj／．(adv．)that．．．(如此……以致)也可引导结果状语从句。
(1)We started early so that(in order that)we could catch the early bus．
＝We started early in order to(so as to)catch the early bus．
＝In order to catch the early bus，we started early．
我们早起是为了能赶上早班车。
(2)I get up early to read English so that I can learn English well．
为了学好英语我早起朗读英语。
(3)It has been raining for a few days so that the sports meet has to be put off．
雨一直下了好几天，运动会不得不取消。
同类辨析：
(1)in order to和so as to都可引导目的状语，后接动词原形。in order to可位于句首或句中，而so as to只位于句中。
(2)so that(in order that) 引导目的状语从句，从句中的谓语动词常与may，might，can，could等情态动词连用。
(3)so that或so+ adj(adv．)that．．．“如此……以致”也可引 导结果状语从句，主句和从句是原因与结果的关系，作“因此”解。此时，它不等于in order to。引导的从句是目的状语从句还是结果状语从句，要根据句意或主句与从句的逻辑关系判断。
4．“with+复合结构”
(1)The woman with a baby in her arm is my sister．
抱孩子的那个妇女是我的姐姐。
(2)They broke into the house with a11 the windows shut．
他们闯入了关着窗子的那个房间。
(3)We lived in a village with a river around．
我们住在一个小村子里，村外有小河流过。
(4)With nothing to do，he went out for a walk．
由于没有什么事要做，他便到外边去散步。
(5)They marched towards the village with a boy leading．
在一个男孩的带领下，他们朝那个村子走去。
“with+复合结构”表示动作或伴随情况，在句中一般作定语或
状语。常见的形式有以下几种。
(1)with+名词+形容词 (2)with+名词+现在分词
(3)with+名词+过去分词 (4)with+名词+介词短语
(5)with+名词+副词 (6)with-+-名词+不定式
三、典句剖析
1． While walking the dog，you were careless and it got loose and was
hit by a car．
你遛狗的时候，不注意(拴狗的)绳子松开了，狗被一辆车撞了。
此句中的while walking．．．在句中作时间状语，相当于一个 时间状语从句while you were walking．．．，句子的主语同while后 面的动作是主动关系，用现在分词。如果是被动关系则用过去分词。
2．Do you want a friend whom you could tell everything to，like your
deepest feelings and thoughts
你想拥有一个能够倾诉任何东西，像你心灵深处的情感和思想等的朋友吗
(1)此句中的whom为关系代词，引导的是定语从句，在定语从句中作介词to的宾语。
(2)like为介词，引导一个短语来修饰前面所提到的everything。
3．Now read how she felt after being in the hiding place for over a year．
现在，来看看她在藏身处躲了一年多之后的那种心情吧。
此句中要注意两个动词的—ing形式，前者作介词after的宾语，后者作定语，修饰place。
4 I wonder if it's because I haven't been able to be outdoors for so long that I've grown so crazy about everything to do with nature。
我不知道这是不是因为我长久无法出门的缘故，我变得对一切与大自然有关的事物无比狂热。
此句中because引导的是表语从句，在让is之后的表原因的表语从句中，只能用because来引导，不能用since或as。
例如： ——Why was he punished by his teacher
他为什么受到老师的惩罚
——It was because he behaved so badly．
那是因为他表现得太差。
四、语法解读
直接引语和间接引语(一)
1．陈述句的直接引语和间接引语
转述陈述句时，用that引导(可省略)。从句中的人称、时态、时间状语需根据实际情景作相应变化。
(1)人称变化
She said，“I am in Class 5．”
She said that she was in Class 5．
(2)时态变化
一般现在时——一般过去时 一般将来时——过去将来时
现在进行时——过去进行时 一般过去时——过去完成时
现在完成时——过去完成 过去完成时——过去完成时
但转述客观真理时，动词时态不变。
(3)时间状语变化
now—then today—that day
tonight—that night this week(months，etc．)—that week(month，etc．)
yesterday—the day before last week(month，etc．)—the week(month，etc．)
three days(months，etc．)ago—three days(months，etc．)before
tomorrow—the next day next week(month，etc．)—the next week(month，etc．)
(4)地点状语的变化
here———there
2．疑问句的直接引语变为间接引语应遵循以下几条原则：
(1)主句谓语动词多用ask。
(2)若直接引语是一般疑问句，变为间接引语时，将直接引语改为 whether或if引导的宾语从句。例如：
She asked，“Is this book yours Or his ”
She asked me whether that book was mine Or his．
(3)若直接引语是特殊疑问句，则将直接引语改为疑问词引导的宾 语从句(不可用that)引导。例如：
He asked“What’s your name ”
He asked me what my name was．
exercises
1．Fill in the blanks with the correct form of the followings given.
(1)add up (2)point (3)ignore (4) concern (5) reason (6) share (7)go through (8)set down (9)outdoors (lO)on purpose (ll)dare (12)according to (13)suffer (14)get along with (I5)situation
1. If you only knew what she has the hard time!
2. We are all about her safety.
3. The village a lot from the heavy water pollution in the past.
4. A new rule will be made the head teacher.
5. The bell rang at the of my leaving.
6. You must learn to keep calm in where some danger may occur.
7. It is only an accident, not
8. I hate working in the room all the day. I want to play __ .
9. What is your for your being late again
10. A true friend should sorrow as well as happiness.
11. All of these figures to 365.
12. I found him such person as hard to .
13. The boy went on with his chat the warning from his teacher.
14. He didn't to go out alone after dark.
15. How shall I myself in the hotel register
2.下面的一段文章为原文的缩写，仔细阅读，根据原文内容将其补充完整。
Anne was a little girl 1 in Netherlands with her family．Because they are Jewish so they had to 2 everywhere， 3 they would be caught by the German Nazist. 4 that time she had to regard the dairy 5 her only friend，because she thought the dairy was a friend 6 she could tell everything to，like her deepest 7 and thoughts．And she needn’t be afraid that it would 8 her，Or just couldn't understand what she was 9 .In one of her dairies，she described how she felt after 10 in the hiding place for over a year：I haven't been able to be 11 for so long that I've grown so 12 about everything 13 with the nature，the sky，the song of the birds，the flowers，even the wind and the rain．．．．
3．单词拼写
根据首字母或汉语注释写出单词的正确形式。
1．His health s terribly from heavy drinking in the past．
2．AS far as I am c ，I can't agree With What you have said．
3．My two dogs have quite different n
4．The worker i his own danger and jumped into the river to save the boy．
5．NOW t “like to surf the internet；some even forget his own studies．
6．The mountain was (完全)covered in snow．
7．Soon the robber was found (躲藏) in a mountain village．
8．I am now in a difficult (情形，情况)．I badly need your help．
9．The news quite (使他心烦意乱)him．
10.I bought these (散装的) cakes，so they are cheaper than those packed．
4．完成句子
1．He was so excited that l couldn't make him (平静下来)．
2.We are all (彼此相处得很好)in our class．
3．She (为．．．．担忧)her son's future．
4．There has been (一系列)cars accidents at the crossing．
5．Filling the blanks (根据)what I have said．
unit 1 Friendship
参考答案：
一。1. gone through 2. concerned 3. suffered 4. according to 5. point 6. situation
7. on purpose 8. outdoors 9. reason 10. share 11. add up 12. get along with
13. ignoring 14. dare 15. set …down
二.1.living;2. hide away; 3.or;4. During; 5.as; 6.whom; 7.feelings; 8.laugh at; 9.going through;10.being; 11.outdoors; 12.crazy; 13.to do
三．1.suffered. 2. concerned 3.natures. 4.ignoreed. 5.teenagers. 6.entirely.7.hiding. 8.situation.9. upset 10.loose.
四．1.calm down 2. getting along very well with each other 3. is concerned.
4.a series of 5.according to
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一、词汇详解
1．add v加；增加；加起来；又说，补充
(1)“I don't believe it，”he added．他补充说：“我不相信。”
(2)His illness added to the family trouble。 他的病给家里增加了负担。
(3)These figures don’t add up right． 这些数字加起来不对。
(4)His whole school education added up to no more than one year．
他所受的学校教育加起来不过一年．
知识归纳：
(1)add + that从句(或直接引语) 补充说 (2)add to sth．增加
(3)add up to加起来的总和是 (4)add up合计，加起来
(5)add．．。to．．．给．．．。加上； ．．．．往．．．．添加．。．．．
2．upset(upset，upset，upsetting)
(1)The news quite upsets me．这消息使我心烦意乱。
(2)The drunken man upset the vase．那醉汉打翻了花瓶。
知识归纳：
(1) vt ;vi使不安；使心烦 ：
(2)adj.心烦意乱的；不适的；不舒服的；倾覆的；作形容词时，：可作伴随状语。
(3)n,v 倾覆、
3．ignore vt．不理睬；不顾
(1)Ignore the child if he misbehaves，and he will soon stop．
孩子胡闹时，别去理他，不久他就会不闹了。
(2)He ignored the doctor's advice．他不顾医生的忠告。
ignorance n.无知；不知 be in ignorance Of sth．不知某事from ignorance出于无知
4．calm down平静下来；镇定下来
(1)The sea calmed down． 海上风平浪静了。
(2)Calm down yourself!请你安静(镇定)下来。
常用带down的短语 ：bring down降低 get down下来，笔录 knock down撞倒 look down俯视 put down放下，记下 run down耗尽，诽谤 send down开除；吩咐 set down写下 ；turn down调低音量 write down写下
5．crazy adj．疯狂的；狂热的
Young girls and boys have grown crazy about rock music．
小女生和小男生们对摇滚乐近乎疯狂。
She iS crazy about painting these days．She stays in her studio
a11 day long． 她沉迷于画画，整天待在画室里。
It was crazy Of you to let such a young girl to drive your car．
你让这么小的女孩开你的车，你真疯了。
be／become／grow crazy about．．．对．．．．十分狂热
be crazy to do sth．做……是疯狂的
6．be concerned about为……担心；关心；关注
(1)Why is She so concerned about his、attitude to her work
她为什么对他怎样看自己的工作那么重视
(2)The family are all concerned about her future．全家人对她的未来十分担心。
so／as far as I'm concerned．就我个人而言……
as concerns．．．关于.．．; 相当于regarding
concern oneself with／in／about／over．．．忙于；从事；关心；关切
7．1oose adj．松的；松散的；松开的
(1)I always carry some loose cash in my pocket．我经常在我的口袋里放点零花钱。
(2)Such behavior lost him his job．这种行为使他失去了工作。
loose adj人松的；松散的；松开的
lose (1ost，lost)vt丢失；丧失 专心于
8．cheat n．欺骗；骗子 v.吐欺骗；骗取；欺诈；作弊
(1)One day，two cheats came to see the Emperor．一天，两个骗子来见皇帝。
(2)It's wrong to cheat in an examination．考试作弊是不对的。
cheat指用不诚实的手段骗人的钱财。
fool指为了好玩而捉弄人。
9．share v．分享；均分 r：．一份，份额；一份责任
(1)They Shared the sweets into equal Shares． 他们平分了糖果。
(2)Mother is Sharing the Cakes among the Children．妈妈正在把蛋糕均分给孩子们。
(3)They Will Share (in) the joys and sorrows． 他们将同甘共苦。
share sth．(out)among／between sb．在……之间分配某物
share sth．with sb．与某人分享某物
share(in)sth．分摊或分享某物
10．set down放下；写下；记下
(1)It is unnecessary to set down everything your teacher told in the class．
没有必要把老师在课上说的所有内容都记下来。
(2)The bus stopped to set down an old lady．公共汽车停下来让一位老妇人下车。
常用带set的短语：
set up建立；创立；树立 set out to do／set about doing开始着手做某事
set off／out for／to a place出发去某地 set off出发；使爆炸；引起
set aside／by保留，贮存．．．．． set sb．free释放某人 set fire to点火
11．go through经历；经受；仔细检查；用完；被通过；参加；搜查；履行
(1)1 went through the students’papers last night．昨晚我仔细批阅了学生的作业。
(2)You really don't know what we went through while working on this project．
你的确不知道我们搞这个项目吃了多少苦。
(3)Their plans went through．他们的计划得到了批准。
常用带go的短语：
go in for．．．爱好…… go with．．．与……调和 go on继续；发生 go out熄灭
go off离去；爆炸 go against违反，违背 go by经过 go ahead前进；好吧
go over走过去；仔细检查；复习 go all out(to do)全力(去做)
go down on one’S knees屈膝下跪
12．purpose n．意图，意向，目的
(1)She sometimes does things on purpose just to annoy me．
她有时故意做些事来气我。
2)I went to that city just for the purpose of improving my English．
为了提高我的英语，我去了那个城市
on purpose故意地 for the purpose为了…的目的．
13．dare敢；敢于
(1)I wonder whether he dare try． 我不知他是否敢于一试。
(2)I wonder whether he dares(to)say such things．我奇怪他怎么敢说这些话。
(1)作情态动词 主要用于表示疑问、否定条件的句子中在使用时带有一般情态动词的特点，没有数的变化，但有时态的变化，后面跟不带to的不定式，否定形式直接在后面加not或缩写成daren’t的形式。
(2)作实义动词 除了具备一般实义动词的特点外，在否定句、疑问句中dare后的to可以略。
14．remain／stay
(1)The shop stays／remains open till night．商店一直营业到晚上。
(2)The doctor advised me to stay in for a few days．医生建议我(在医院)待几天。
(1)同：作系词，指“保持某一状态”时，可通用。
(2)异：remain着重指在别人已离去，或事情有变动以后，继续：保留或保持原来的状态。stay指“停留，逗留”· ：
(3)remain与stay作“留下、保持某一状态”讲时。它们常用作：连系动词，可通用。当表示“剩下”时，通常用remain；表示“在某处或在某处住下”时，用stay
15．suffer vi．&Vt．遭受，蒙受；受痛苦
(1)They suffered a lot in the flood． 在洪水中他们遭受了很大的损失。
(2)The peasants suffered from heavy taxes and hunger at that time．
在那时农民受重税和饥饿之苦。
(3)She was suffering from light infection and sore throat．
她患有轻度感染，咽喉疼。
知识归纳：
surfer用作及物动词时，意为“遭受，蒙受”，后接pain，defeat，loss，poverty，hunger等名词。用作不及物动词时，意为“受痛苦”，常用句型“suffer from．．．”。suffering n．痛苦；苦难
16．advice n． 忠告；建议
知识归纳： advice为不可数名词，不能直接与数词连用，但可以说a piece；of advice，two pieces of advice。 常用短语 give advice to sb．给某人建议 ；follow sb's advice按某人的建议办 act on sb’s advice按……建议办 accept one'sadvice接受某人的建议(忠告) ；take sb．’s advice／take advice from sb．接受某人的建议 ；ask(for)sb’s advice／ask sb．for advice／ask advice of sb．征求某人的意见
17．face-to-face／face to face
(1)They had a face—to—face interview with the students．
他们对那些学生进行了面试。
(2)I have kept in touch with them by telephone for many years，but l never met them face to face． 跟他们电话联系有好多年了，但从未面对面碰过头。
同类辨析：
face-to—face面对面的(作定语) face to face面对面地，面对着(作状语)
注意：face-to-face和face to face在句中的不同作用。
18．get along／on with
(1)How are you getting along with your work 工作进展如何
(2)Tom gets on very nicely with his classmates．汤姆同他的同学相处得很好。
(3)The project is getting on much better now．工程进展得顺利多了。
19．be in love with sb．(sth．)／tall in love with sb．
经典范例：
(1)The man fell in love with the beautiful girl On seeing her．
第一眼看到那个女孩，他就爱上了她。
(2)I am now in love with reading novels．
我现在迷上了看小说。
同类辨析：
fall in love with sb．“爱上某人”，短暂性动词短语，不能与for引导的时间状语连用。
be in love with sb．“与某人相爱”，be in love with sth．“喜爱某事物”，延续性动词短语，可与for引导的时间状语连用。
20．join/join in／take part in
(1)Will you join us in the game 你愿意和我们一起玩游戏吗
(2)I joined the Party last month．我上个月人了党。
(3)The students take part in a11 kinds Of activities after class．
学生们课后参加各种活动。
同类辨析：
take part in参加某种工作、事业，以积极的姿态在工作或事业
上尽一份职责
join in参加谈话、讨论、聚会、游戏 join sb．in和某人一起做某事
join加入某个党派、组织并成为该党派、组织的一员
二、句型必背
1．until(till)的四种句型
(1)Not until 12 last night did l go to bed． 昨天晚上我十二点才上床睡觉。
(2)I shall wait for him till(until)he comes back． 我将一直等他回来。
(3)I didn't go to bed till(until)he came back． 直到他回来我才上床睡觉。
(4)It was not until last week that he realized he was wrong．
直到上个星期他才认识到他是错误的。
知识归纳：
(1)主句(肯定式)+until(till)时间状语或状语从句(注意：此句型中的谓语动词一般是延续性的，表示“直到……为止”)
(2)主句(否定式)+until(till)时间状语或状语从句(注意：此句型中谓语动词一般是非延续性的，表示“直到……才”)
(3)Not+until时间状语或时间状语从句+助动词(常用did)+主语+动词原形(注意：not放在句首，用部分倒装)
(4)It was not+until时间状语或时间状语从句+that+主句(注意：此句型实际上是强调not until状语或状语从句。应该记住：无论是强调时间、地点或原因状语，一般只用that。这一点与定语从句不同，且此句型是陈述句语序，不用倒装)
2．It's the first(second)time that．．．．某人第一次(第二次)做某事
(1)It’s the first time that Lao Zhang has held an art exhibition．
这是老张首次举办画展。
(2)h was the second time that she had come to the mountain village to see the children． 这是她第二次来到这个山村看望这些孩子。
注意：从句一般用完成时。
同类辨析：
(1)the first／second time还可以在句中充当一个连词词组，引导状语从句。
(2)for the first／second time在句中只能充当时间状语。
3．SO that句型
so that(in order that)引导目的状语从句，另外so that或so+
adj／．(adv．)that．．．(如此……以致)也可引导结果状语从句。
(1)We started early so that(in order that)we could catch the early bus．
＝We started early in order to(so as to)catch the early bus．
＝In order to catch the early bus，we started early．
我们早起是为了能赶上早班车。
(2)I get up early to read English so that I can learn English well．
为了学好英语我早起朗读英语。
(3)It has been raining for a few days so that the sports meet has to be put off．
雨一直下了好几天，运动会不得不取消。
同类辨析：
(1)in order to和so as to都可引导目的状语，后接动词原形。in order to可位于句首或句中，而so as to只位于句中。
(2)so that(in order that) 引导目的状语从句，从句中的谓语动词常与may，might，can，could等情态动词连用。
(3)so that或so+ adj(adv．)that．．．“如此……以致”也可引 导结果状语从句，主句和从句是原因与结果的关系，作“因此”解。此时，它不等于in order to。引导的从句是目的状语从句还是结果状语从句，要根据句意或主句与从句的逻辑关系判断。
4．“with+复合结构”
(1)The woman with a baby in her arm is my sister．
抱孩子的那个妇女是我的姐姐。
(2)They broke into the house with a11 the windows shut．
他们闯入了关着窗子的那个房间。
(3)We lived in a village with a river around．
我们住在一个小村子里，村外有小河流过。
(4)With nothing to do，he went out for a walk．
由于没有什么事要做，他便到外边去散步。
(5)They marched towards the village with a boy leading．
在一个男孩的带领下，他们朝那个村子走去。
“with+复合结构”表示动作或伴随情况，在句中一般作定语或
状语。常见的形式有以下几种。
(1)with+名词+形容词 (2)with+名词+现在分词
(3)with+名词+过去分词 (4)with+名词+介词短语
(5)with+名词+副词 (6)with-+-名词+不定式
三、典句剖析
1． While walking the dog，you were careless and it got loose and was
hit by a car．
你遛狗的时候，不注意(拴狗的)绳子松开了，狗被一辆车撞了。
此句中的while walking．．．在句中作时间状语，相当于一个 时间状语从句while you were walking．．．，句子的主语同while后 面的动作是主动关系，用现在分词。如果是被动关系则用过去分词。
2．Do you want a friend whom you could tell everything to，like your
deepest feelings and thoughts
你想拥有一个能够倾诉任何东西，像你心灵深处的情感和思想等的朋友吗
(1)此句中的whom为关系代词，引导的是定语从句，在定语从句中作介词to的宾语。
(2)like为介词，引导一个短语来修饰前面所提到的everything。
3．Now read how she felt after being in the hiding place for over a year．
现在，来看看她在藏身处躲了一年多之后的那种心情吧。
此句中要注意两个动词的—ing形式，前者作介词after的宾语，后者作定语，修饰place。
4 I wonder if it's because I haven't been able to be outdoors for so long that I've grown so crazy about everything to do with nature。
我不知道这是不是因为我长久无法出门的缘故，我变得对一切与大自然有关的事物无比狂热。
此句中because引导的是表语从句，在让is之后的表原因的表语从句中，只能用because来引导，不能用since或as。
例如： ——Why was he punished by his teacher
他为什么受到老师的惩罚
——It was because he behaved so badly．
那是因为他表现得太差。
四、语法解读
直接引语和间接引语(一)
1．陈述句的直接引语和间接引语
转述陈述句时，用that引导(可省略)。从句中的人称、时态、时间状语需根据实际情景作相应变化。
(1)人称变化
She said，“I am in Class 5．”
She said that she was in Class 5．
(2)时态变化
一般现在时——一般过去时 一般将来时——过去将来时
现在进行时——过去进行时 一般过去时——过去完成时
现在完成时——过去完成 过去完成时——过去完成时
但转述客观真理时，动词时态不变。
(3)时间状语变化
now—then today—that day
tonight—that night this week(months，etc．)—that week(month，etc．)
yesterday—the day before last week(month，etc．)—the week(month，etc．)
three days(months，etc．)ago—three days(months，etc．)before
tomorrow—the next day next week(month，etc．)—the next week(month，etc．)
(4)地点状语的变化
here———there
2．疑问句的直接引语变为间接引语应遵循以下几条原则：
(1)主句谓语动词多用ask。
(2)若直接引语是一般疑问句，变为间接引语时，将直接引语改为 whether或if引导的宾语从句。例如：
She asked，“Is this book yours Or his ”
She asked me whether that book was mine Or his．
(3)若直接引语是特殊疑问句，则将直接引语改为疑问词引导的宾 语从句(不可用that)引导。例如：
He asked“What’s your name ”
He asked me what my name was．
exercises
1．Fill in the blanks with the correct form of the followings given.
(1)add up (2)point (3)ignore (4) concern (5) reason (6) share (7)go through (8)set down (9)outdoors (lO)on purpose (ll)dare (12)according to (13)suffer (14)get along with (I5)situation
1. If you only knew what she has the hard time!
2. We are all about her safety.
3. The village a lot from the heavy water pollution in the past.
4. A new rule will be made the head teacher.
5. The bell rang at the of my leaving.
6. You must learn to keep calm in where some danger may occur.
7. It is only an accident, not
8. I hate working in the room all the day. I want to play __ .
9. What is your for your being late again
10. A true friend should sorrow as well as happiness.
11. All of these figures to 365.
12. I found him such person as hard to .
13. The boy went on with his chat the warning from his teacher.
14. He didn't to go out alone after dark.
15. How shall I myself in the hotel register
2.下面的一段文章为原文的缩写，仔细阅读，根据原文内容将其补充完整。
Anne was a little girl 1 in Netherlands with her family．Because they are Jewish so they had to 2 everywhere， 3 they would be caught by the German Nazist. 4 that time she had to regard the dairy 5 her only friend，because she thought the dairy was a friend 6 she could tell everything to，like her deepest 7 and thoughts．And she needn’t be afraid that it would 8 her，Or just couldn't understand what she was 9 .In one of her dairies，she described how she felt after 10 in the hiding place for over a year：I haven't been able to be 11 for so long that I've grown so 12 about everything 13 with the nature，the sky，the song of the birds，the flowers，even the wind and the rain．．．．
3．单词拼写
根据首字母或汉语注释写出单词的正确形式。
1．His health s terribly from heavy drinking in the past．
2．AS far as I am c ，I can't agree With What you have said．
3．My two dogs have quite different n
4．The worker i his own danger and jumped into the river to save the boy．
5．NOW t “like to surf the internet；some even forget his own studies．
6．The mountain was (完全)covered in snow．
7．Soon the robber was found (躲藏) in a mountain village．
8．I am now in a difficult (情形，情况)．I badly need your help．
9．The news quite (使他心烦意乱)him．
10.I bought these (散装的) cakes，so they are cheaper than those packed．
4．完成句子
1．He was so excited that l couldn't make him (平静下来)．
2.We are all (彼此相处得很好)in our class．
3．She (为．．．．担忧)her son's future．
4．There has been (一系列)cars accidents at the crossing．
5．Filling the blanks (根据)what I have said．
unit 1 Friendship
参考答案：
一。1. gone through 2. concerned 3. suffered 4. according to 5. point 6. situation
7. on purpose 8. outdoors 9. reason 10. share 11. add up 12. get along with
13. ignoring 14. dare 15. set …down
二.1.living;2. hide away; 3.or;4. During; 5.as; 6.whom; 7.feelings; 8.laugh at; 9.going through;10.being; 11.outdoors; 12.crazy; 13.to do
三．1.suffered. 2. concerned 3.natures. 4.ignoreed. 5.teenagers. 6.entirely.7.hiding. 8.situation.9. upset 10.loose.
四．1.calm down 2. getting along very well with each other 3. is concerned.
4.a series of 5.according to
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