替代与插入语[上学期]
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语法专题十八 替代与插入语
[考点解析]
1、 替代
替代是指为了避免重复，可以用相应的词替代上文中出现的某个单词或词组，这种现象叫替代。
1． that，one， it 等替代上文中的名词
(1) that 指上文出现过的可数名词单数或不可数名词, 表示特指, 即它表示 “the+n.”, 其复数为those.
The population of China is larger than that of Germany.
(that代替上文中的不可数名词population)
The book on the desk is easier than that on the shelf.
(that代替可数名词单数book)
The students in this class work harder than those in that class.
(those代替可数名词复数students)
(2) one用来代替上文出现过的单数可数名词, 表示泛指, 其复数为ones. 可用 “an/a+n.表示.
A stone bridge is usually stronger than one made of wood.
(one代替上文中的bridge, 泛指 “木桥”)
(3) it用来代指具体的, 特定的上文提及的东西, 与上文是同名同物
I bought a pen yesterday, but I lost it afterwards.
(it指前面提到的pen)
2． do 替代上文中出现过的动词(词组)
A horse runs faster than a cow (does).
This student studies harder than that one does.
3． so代替上文出现过的内容，常见以下几种 情况
(1) 用作下列动词的宾语, 代替一个宾语从句:think, believe, suppose, imagine, consider, guess, expect, hope及I’m afraid等.
---Do you think she will come
---I think so. (I think she’ll come.)
(2) so+助动词/情态动词/系动词+主语表示上述情况也会适合下文.
---It’s fine today.
---So was it yesterday.
(3) so+主语+助动词/情态动词/系动词表示对上文的说法或情况加以肯定.
---You are late again
---So I am.
4． not 用在动词think，believe， suppose, imagine, guess, 及I’m afraid hope后面，代替一个否定的宾语从句。
---Is she right
---I think not/ I don/t think so.
---Will it rain tomorrow
---I hope not.
注意:
(1)think, believe, suppose, imagine, expect, guess后的否定词not, 简略问答有两种:I think not或I don’t think so.. 我认为不这样.
(2)只能说I hope not(否), I hope so(肯), 不可说I don’t hope so.
(3)I’m afraid not. √
I’m not afraid so. ⅹ
2、 插入语
在英语句子中, 常插入一些单词, 短语或句子, 用来补充某些含义, 语法上称它们为 “插入语”. 它起到解释说明的作用, 如果去掉, 对句子本身影响不大. 然而有些插入语是不可去掉的, 比如:for example, in other words 等.
1. 单词(多是副词)
单词作插入语位置比较灵活, 可位于句末, 句中, 句首. 常见的有though, however, therefore, personally, luckily, obviously, consequently, fortunately等, 常用逗号与句子分开.
I had thought he couldn’t come. He came, though.
我原以为他不可能来了, 然而他来了.
Personally, I think he’s too selfish.
就我个人而言, 我认为他太自私了.
Her mother was seriously ill. Consequently, she left school.
她母亲病重, 结果/因此, 她辍学了.
2. 短语
现在分词短语, 不定式短语, 介词短语都可作插入语, 起到补充说明的意思, 常见的插入语短语有:
for example例如
by the way顺便说/问一下
judging from…从……来判断
Generally speaking一般说来
Frankly speaking坦白说
Considering that…考虑到……
Compared with/to与……比较
To tell(you) the truch说实话
Believe it or not信不信由你
So far到目前为止
On the contrary正相反
No wonder难怪
To start with从……开始
Judging from his looks, he is in his fourties.从外表看, 他四十几岁.
To tell you the truth, I don’t know him.说实话, 我不认识他
3. 句子
常见的有:do you think/believe/suppose, do you know, I believe, what’s more, let’s say, that is to say.. 多位于句末, 也可位于句中.
As far as I know. He is very clever.
据我所知, 他很聪明.
Who do you think will go there
你认为谁会去那儿
注意:
插入语do you think/believe/suppose/know用于特殊疑问句中时, 其语序是:疑问词+do you think+主+谓
(1) What do you think you are doing
(2) How do you suppose they can answer these questions
(3) Whom do you think he really loves
(4) When do you expect they will come back
这种带有插入语的特殊疑问句也叫复杂/混合疑问句, 常用来征询对一疑问点的看法, 判断, 认识, 猜测和请求, 多用于口语中.
[高考示例]
1. 2005湖北, 34---Father, you promised!
---Well, ______. But it was you who didn’t keep your word first.
A. so I was B. so did I C. so I was D. so I did
【答案】D
【解析】so did I表示是 “我也一样”不符合题意, So I did表示对上面的肯定 “我确实许过诺”.
2. 2004年北京, 34______ is reported in the newspapers, talks between the two countries are making progress.
A. It B. As C. That D. What
【答案】B
【解析】as在此引导一个非限制性定语从句, 代表整个主句的内容, as在从句中作主语.
3. 2004年江苏, 33_______ is often the case, we have worked out the production plan.
A. Which B. When C. What D. As
【答案】D
【解析】as引导定语从句, as在从句中作主语, which引导非限制性定语从句时不放在主句之前.
4. 2003年全国卷---Why we don’t take a little break
---Didn’t we just have _______
A. it B. that C. one D. this
【答案】C
【解析】break是可数名词 “休息”. one表示泛指, 指代a little break
5. ---Will you be on holiday soon
---Well, I’m too busy to take a holiday now. I’ll be able to take ______in five months.
A. this B. that C. it D. one
【答案】D
【解析】 it指代的是the holiday, 同一个假期与句子不符, one指代前面提到的a holiday.
6. John plays football ______, if not better than, David.
A. as well B. as well as C. so well D. so well as
【答案】B
【解析】if not better than是个插入语, 如果去掉它, 句子就清楚了.
7. ______I can see, there is only one possible way to keep away from the danger.
A. As long as B. As far as C. Just as D. Even if
【答案】B
【解析】本题考查插入语的用法. as far as I can see意为 “据我所看到的”. as long as意为 “只要”.
8. Equipped with modern facilities, today’s libraries differ greatly from ______
A. those of the part B. the past
C. which of the past D. those past
【答案】A
【解析】those指代上文中的libraries是特指, 故用those(=the ones).
9. Meeting my uncle after all these years was an unforgettable moment ______I will always treasure.
A. that B. one C. it D. what
【答案】B
【解析】one指代a moment “一个时刻”是泛指, 作前面moment 的同位语, I will always treasure是省略that或which的主语从句修饰one
[触类旁通]
1. _______ be sent to work here
A. Who do you suggest
B. Who do you suggest that should
C. Do you suggest who should
D. Do you suggest whom should
2. The Parkers bought a new house but ______will need a lot of work before they can move in
A. they B. it C. one D. which
3. We need a new cupboard for the kitchen. So Peter made ______from some wood he had.
A. it B. himself C. one D. another
4. ---I believe we have met somewhere before.
---No, ______
A. it isn’t the same
B. it can’t be true
C. I don’t think so
D. I’d rather not
10. Few pleasure can equal ______of a cool drink on a hot day.
A. some B. any C. that D. those
6. I hope there are enough glasses for each guest to have _______.
A. it B. those C. them D. one
7. _______by what you say, he ought to succeed.
A. To judge B. Judged C. Judging D. Being judged
8. It was raining heavily. ______it was getting dark, so we lost our way and stayed in the cave for the whole night.
A. Above all B. That is C. What’s more D. In other words
9. Look at the watch. Can’t you see it is _______watch ______Mary lost the other day
A. as the same; as B. the same; as
C. the same; which D. as the same; that
10. ______, I have never seen anyone who’s as capable as John.
A. As long as I have traveled
B. Now that I have traveled so much
C. Much as I have traveled
D. As I have traveled so much
PAGE
1
[考点解析]
1、 替代
替代是指为了避免重复，可以用相应的词替代上文中出现的某个单词或词组，这种现象叫替代。
1． that，one， it 等替代上文中的名词
(1) that 指上文出现过的可数名词单数或不可数名词, 表示特指, 即它表示 “the+n.”, 其复数为those.
The population of China is larger than that of Germany.
(that代替上文中的不可数名词population)
The book on the desk is easier than that on the shelf.
(that代替可数名词单数book)
The students in this class work harder than those in that class.
(those代替可数名词复数students)
(2) one用来代替上文出现过的单数可数名词, 表示泛指, 其复数为ones. 可用 “an/a+n.表示.
A stone bridge is usually stronger than one made of wood.
(one代替上文中的bridge, 泛指 “木桥”)
(3) it用来代指具体的, 特定的上文提及的东西, 与上文是同名同物
I bought a pen yesterday, but I lost it afterwards.
(it指前面提到的pen)
2． do 替代上文中出现过的动词(词组)
A horse runs faster than a cow (does).
This student studies harder than that one does.
3． so代替上文出现过的内容，常见以下几种 情况
(1) 用作下列动词的宾语, 代替一个宾语从句:think, believe, suppose, imagine, consider, guess, expect, hope及I’m afraid等.
---Do you think she will come
---I think so. (I think she’ll come.)
(2) so+助动词/情态动词/系动词+主语表示上述情况也会适合下文.
---It’s fine today.
---So was it yesterday.
(3) so+主语+助动词/情态动词/系动词表示对上文的说法或情况加以肯定.
---You are late again
---So I am.
4． not 用在动词think，believe， suppose, imagine, guess, 及I’m afraid hope后面，代替一个否定的宾语从句。
---Is she right
---I think not/ I don/t think so.
---Will it rain tomorrow
---I hope not.
注意:
(1)think, believe, suppose, imagine, expect, guess后的否定词not, 简略问答有两种:I think not或I don’t think so.. 我认为不这样.
(2)只能说I hope not(否), I hope so(肯), 不可说I don’t hope so.
(3)I’m afraid not. √
I’m not afraid so. ⅹ
2、 插入语
在英语句子中, 常插入一些单词, 短语或句子, 用来补充某些含义, 语法上称它们为 “插入语”. 它起到解释说明的作用, 如果去掉, 对句子本身影响不大. 然而有些插入语是不可去掉的, 比如:for example, in other words 等.
1. 单词(多是副词)
单词作插入语位置比较灵活, 可位于句末, 句中, 句首. 常见的有though, however, therefore, personally, luckily, obviously, consequently, fortunately等, 常用逗号与句子分开.
I had thought he couldn’t come. He came, though.
我原以为他不可能来了, 然而他来了.
Personally, I think he’s too selfish.
就我个人而言, 我认为他太自私了.
Her mother was seriously ill. Consequently, she left school.
她母亲病重, 结果/因此, 她辍学了.
2. 短语
现在分词短语, 不定式短语, 介词短语都可作插入语, 起到补充说明的意思, 常见的插入语短语有:
for example例如
by the way顺便说/问一下
judging from…从……来判断
Generally speaking一般说来
Frankly speaking坦白说
Considering that…考虑到……
Compared with/to与……比较
To tell(you) the truch说实话
Believe it or not信不信由你
So far到目前为止
On the contrary正相反
No wonder难怪
To start with从……开始
Judging from his looks, he is in his fourties.从外表看, 他四十几岁.
To tell you the truth, I don’t know him.说实话, 我不认识他
3. 句子
常见的有:do you think/believe/suppose, do you know, I believe, what’s more, let’s say, that is to say.. 多位于句末, 也可位于句中.
As far as I know. He is very clever.
据我所知, 他很聪明.
Who do you think will go there
你认为谁会去那儿
注意:
插入语do you think/believe/suppose/know用于特殊疑问句中时, 其语序是:疑问词+do you think+主+谓
(1) What do you think you are doing
(2) How do you suppose they can answer these questions
(3) Whom do you think he really loves
(4) When do you expect they will come back
这种带有插入语的特殊疑问句也叫复杂/混合疑问句, 常用来征询对一疑问点的看法, 判断, 认识, 猜测和请求, 多用于口语中.
[高考示例]
1. 2005湖北, 34---Father, you promised!
---Well, ______. But it was you who didn’t keep your word first.
A. so I was B. so did I C. so I was D. so I did
【答案】D
【解析】so did I表示是 “我也一样”不符合题意, So I did表示对上面的肯定 “我确实许过诺”.
2. 2004年北京, 34______ is reported in the newspapers, talks between the two countries are making progress.
A. It B. As C. That D. What
【答案】B
【解析】as在此引导一个非限制性定语从句, 代表整个主句的内容, as在从句中作主语.
3. 2004年江苏, 33_______ is often the case, we have worked out the production plan.
A. Which B. When C. What D. As
【答案】D
【解析】as引导定语从句, as在从句中作主语, which引导非限制性定语从句时不放在主句之前.
4. 2003年全国卷---Why we don’t take a little break
---Didn’t we just have _______
A. it B. that C. one D. this
【答案】C
【解析】break是可数名词 “休息”. one表示泛指, 指代a little break
5. ---Will you be on holiday soon
---Well, I’m too busy to take a holiday now. I’ll be able to take ______in five months.
A. this B. that C. it D. one
【答案】D
【解析】 it指代的是the holiday, 同一个假期与句子不符, one指代前面提到的a holiday.
6. John plays football ______, if not better than, David.
A. as well B. as well as C. so well D. so well as
【答案】B
【解析】if not better than是个插入语, 如果去掉它, 句子就清楚了.
7. ______I can see, there is only one possible way to keep away from the danger.
A. As long as B. As far as C. Just as D. Even if
【答案】B
【解析】本题考查插入语的用法. as far as I can see意为 “据我所看到的”. as long as意为 “只要”.
8. Equipped with modern facilities, today’s libraries differ greatly from ______
A. those of the part B. the past
C. which of the past D. those past
【答案】A
【解析】those指代上文中的libraries是特指, 故用those(=the ones).
9. Meeting my uncle after all these years was an unforgettable moment ______I will always treasure.
A. that B. one C. it D. what
【答案】B
【解析】one指代a moment “一个时刻”是泛指, 作前面moment 的同位语, I will always treasure是省略that或which的主语从句修饰one
[触类旁通]
1. _______ be sent to work here
A. Who do you suggest
B. Who do you suggest that should
C. Do you suggest who should
D. Do you suggest whom should
2. The Parkers bought a new house but ______will need a lot of work before they can move in
A. they B. it C. one D. which
3. We need a new cupboard for the kitchen. So Peter made ______from some wood he had.
A. it B. himself C. one D. another
4. ---I believe we have met somewhere before.
---No, ______
A. it isn’t the same
B. it can’t be true
C. I don’t think so
D. I’d rather not
10. Few pleasure can equal ______of a cool drink on a hot day.
A. some B. any C. that D. those
6. I hope there are enough glasses for each guest to have _______.
A. it B. those C. them D. one
7. _______by what you say, he ought to succeed.
A. To judge B. Judged C. Judging D. Being judged
8. It was raining heavily. ______it was getting dark, so we lost our way and stayed in the cave for the whole night.
A. Above all B. That is C. What’s more D. In other words
9. Look at the watch. Can’t you see it is _______watch ______Mary lost the other day
A. as the same; as B. the same; as
C. the same; which D. as the same; that
10. ______, I have never seen anyone who’s as capable as John.
A. As long as I have traveled
B. Now that I have traveled so much
C. Much as I have traveled
D. As I have traveled so much
PAGE
1