辽宁 语法专项 : 介词,数词,冠词[下学期]
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介词
介词短语在句子中的成分：定语、状语、表语和宾语补足语。
几组常见介词的区别：
1. in/at 表地方
2. in/after 表时间
3. in/on 表时间
4. above/over/on
above表数目、价格、能力等“超过”
位置方面“在上方” (below)
The text is above me
The old man must be above 100
over 数目“超过”
5. 位置方面“在正上方”(under)
6. to/ at/ for表示“朝、向、”
to一般和go, come, hurry, get等连用
at和throw, shout,shoot等连用
for和head, leave, set out, sail等连用
7. in/ on/ to 表示位置关系
8. for/since/by
for +时间段 用于过去、现在完成和将来
since +时间点 用于现在完成时
by +时间点 用于完成时（过去，将来）
8. against
Stand against the door
Are you for or against his plan
She saved some money against old age
Hegave up schooling against his father’s will
9. beyond
I told him not to be back beyond 10:00 in the evening.
My home is just beyond the river
The book is far beyond me
10. by
by the time he gets here
stand by the river
come in by the back door
get paid by the hour
make a living by selling newspapers
increase/ decrease by 50%
11. in
be dressed in blue
talk in English/ in ink
talk in a low voice
12. with
go /work… with sb
a country with a long history
a man with glasses
write with a pen
Her faced turned red with anger
With one’s help/ permission
改正下列句子
The chair is comfortable to sit
They are looking for a new room to live
What are you afraid
Your promunciation should be paid attention.
The library which we often go is not far from our school.
代词
1、 人称代词（主格和宾格）
2、 物主代词 （形容词性和名词性）
3、 反身代词 oneself, itself……
4、 指示代词 this, these, that, those
5、 相互代词 each other, one another
6、 关系代词 （定语从句）who, whom, whose,
that, which, as
7、 连接代词 （名词性从句）
who, whom, whose, what, which, whoever…
8、 疑问代词 who, which, what, whose
9、 不定代词
1. all---every---each
none +of
no one
2. both---either---neither
3. some, any; many, much; most
4. a few, a little
5. someone, everyone, anyone, no one
some one, every one, any one + of
6. somebody, anybody, nobody, everybody
7. something, anything, everything, nothing
8. another, other
9. one, it
改正下列错误
1. whom do you think is right
2. I asked him who he was calling
3. Just between you and I, this isn’t a very good price.
4. There is often disagreement as to whom is the better student, Bob or Ellen
5. I, you and Tom are leaving today
6. Himself is attending the matter.
7. He is a friend of me
8. Anybody can’t do the work well
Anyone isn’t allowed to enter the place
Each of us couldn’t understand her
9. He is always ready to help the others.
10. Were there many peole at the meeting NO, there were little.
11. China is proud of its history
12. Every student should do their own homework
13. The committee differ in its opinion.
14. Neither John nor his brother has learned
their lesson.
15. The novelist and poet is proud of their works
16. The two sisters love one another
17. None of my two sisters is here
18. I have a new dictionary and several old one.
19. Many a student passed their exams with
Success.
20. It is me that have doen the work.
21. I have no friend but he
22. The two of us, John and me, went by train
23. A house built of brick lasts longer than that
of wood.
24. Who of the students asked the teacher
25. His friend had become a lawyer, whom he
wanted to be.
数词
1、 基数词
hundred, thousand, million, billion,
dozen, score,
three hundred workers
two dozen of the books
two thousand of them
many/several thousands of
***four score of books
Three score years old
25 and/minus/times/divided by 3
is/ makes/ equals/ is equal to……
2、 序数词
the first part of article
He failed in his second test
Book I= the first book
Lesson 5=the fifth lesson
the first three pages
the last few sunny days
3、 分数、小数、倍数和百分数
1/2=one half 1/3=one third
2/3=two thirds 1/4=a quarter/one fourth
4、 年、月、日的表达
in the 1980s (in the eighties)
in one’s thirties
five-year-old
five years old
介词短语在句子中的成分：定语、状语、表语和宾语补足语。
几组常见介词的区别：
1. in/at 表地方
2. in/after 表时间
3. in/on 表时间
4. above/over/on
above表数目、价格、能力等“超过”
位置方面“在上方” (below)
The text is above me
The old man must be above 100
over 数目“超过”
5. 位置方面“在正上方”(under)
6. to/ at/ for表示“朝、向、”
to一般和go, come, hurry, get等连用
at和throw, shout,shoot等连用
for和head, leave, set out, sail等连用
7. in/ on/ to 表示位置关系
8. for/since/by
for +时间段 用于过去、现在完成和将来
since +时间点 用于现在完成时
by +时间点 用于完成时（过去，将来）
8. against
Stand against the door
Are you for or against his plan
She saved some money against old age
Hegave up schooling against his father’s will
9. beyond
I told him not to be back beyond 10:00 in the evening.
My home is just beyond the river
The book is far beyond me
10. by
by the time he gets here
stand by the river
come in by the back door
get paid by the hour
make a living by selling newspapers
increase/ decrease by 50%
11. in
be dressed in blue
talk in English/ in ink
talk in a low voice
12. with
go /work… with sb
a country with a long history
a man with glasses
write with a pen
Her faced turned red with anger
With one’s help/ permission
改正下列句子
The chair is comfortable to sit
They are looking for a new room to live
What are you afraid
Your promunciation should be paid attention.
The library which we often go is not far from our school.
代词
1、 人称代词（主格和宾格）
2、 物主代词 （形容词性和名词性）
3、 反身代词 oneself, itself……
4、 指示代词 this, these, that, those
5、 相互代词 each other, one another
6、 关系代词 （定语从句）who, whom, whose,
that, which, as
7、 连接代词 （名词性从句）
who, whom, whose, what, which, whoever…
8、 疑问代词 who, which, what, whose
9、 不定代词
1. all---every---each
none +of
no one
2. both---either---neither
3. some, any; many, much; most
4. a few, a little
5. someone, everyone, anyone, no one
some one, every one, any one + of
6. somebody, anybody, nobody, everybody
7. something, anything, everything, nothing
8. another, other
9. one, it
改正下列错误
1. whom do you think is right
2. I asked him who he was calling
3. Just between you and I, this isn’t a very good price.
4. There is often disagreement as to whom is the better student, Bob or Ellen
5. I, you and Tom are leaving today
6. Himself is attending the matter.
7. He is a friend of me
8. Anybody can’t do the work well
Anyone isn’t allowed to enter the place
Each of us couldn’t understand her
9. He is always ready to help the others.
10. Were there many peole at the meeting NO, there were little.
11. China is proud of its history
12. Every student should do their own homework
13. The committee differ in its opinion.
14. Neither John nor his brother has learned
their lesson.
15. The novelist and poet is proud of their works
16. The two sisters love one another
17. None of my two sisters is here
18. I have a new dictionary and several old one.
19. Many a student passed their exams with
Success.
20. It is me that have doen the work.
21. I have no friend but he
22. The two of us, John and me, went by train
23. A house built of brick lasts longer than that
of wood.
24. Who of the students asked the teacher
25. His friend had become a lawyer, whom he
wanted to be.
数词
1、 基数词
hundred, thousand, million, billion,
dozen, score,
three hundred workers
two dozen of the books
two thousand of them
many/several thousands of
***four score of books
Three score years old
25 and/minus/times/divided by 3
is/ makes/ equals/ is equal to……
2、 序数词
the first part of article
He failed in his second test
Book I= the first book
Lesson 5=the fifth lesson
the first three pages
the last few sunny days
3、 分数、小数、倍数和百分数
1/2=one half 1/3=one third
2/3=two thirds 1/4=a quarter/one fourth
4、 年、月、日的表达
in the 1980s (in the eighties)
in one’s thirties
five-year-old
five years old