句子的结构[上学期]
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课件22张PPT。Grammarsentencesstart !句子成份★ 句子一般由两个部分组成：主语部分（ subject group）谓语部分（ predicate group）★ 句子成份：主·谓·宾·表补定·状·1) 主语（subject）I like football.The sun is shining in her face.句子的主体，全句述说的对象。一般由n.或相当于n.的词担任。常置于句首。2) 谓语（predicate）说明主语的动作或状态。由v.担任。常置于主语后。 The train leaves at 6 o’clock.I want a ticket.3) 宾语（object）4) 表语（predicative）He won the game. On the desk表示vt.的动作对象或prep.所联系的对象。
由n.或相当于n.的词担任。置于vt.或prep.后。Tome lost his life in the big fire.He is a student.用以表述主语的特征、状态、身份等。
由n.或adj.担任。置于系动词之后。系动词：be, keep, stay, become, go , come,
感官动词等。5) 补语（complement） 补充说明宾语的情况 。
由n. /adj. /介宾 /分词 /不定式等担任。They made him king.? ?I consider the book too expensive.? ?6) 定语（attributive）修饰限定名词。常由adj.或相当于adj.的词担任。a beautiful country
the burning building
a teacher with 20 years’ experience
a boy called Tom( )( )( )( )7) 状语（adverbial）用以修饰adj. /v. /adv.及全句。
由adv.或相当于adv.的短语和句子担任。位置灵活。I am very sorry.
He runs fast.
He went to school at the age of 5.
He found his pen in the desk.Go on句子类型简单句并列句复合句Ⅰ.简单句1. Things changed.
2. Trees are green.
3. We don’t beat children.
4. He gave his sister the piano.
5. I found the book easy. 主 + 谓主 + 谓 + 表主 + 谓 + 宾主 + 谓 + 间接宾语 + 直接宾语? ?主 + 谓 + 宾 + 宾补Nobody went.
She became a doctor.
The car caught fire.
I will write you a long letter.
I will let him go. Practice? ?Ⅱ.并列句This is me and these are my friends.
They must stay in water, or they will die.
It’s not cheap, but it is very good.
It was late, so I went to bed. andorbut soHe knocked at the door; there was no answer.
You’re alive! And she’s dead.名词性从句状语从句定语从句主语从句表语从句宾语从句同位语从句Ⅲ.复合句名词性从句1) 主语从句* What he said is not known.
* That we shall be late is certain.
* It is certain that we shall be late.
* How strange it is that the children are so quiet! It作形式主语代替主语从句。2）表语从句* That is what he wants to buy.
* The problem is that who we can get to replace her?
* The reason is that he has lied to me several times. 3) 宾语从句* I understand that he is well qualified.
* He said that he didn’t like her.
* I don’t know if you can help me.4) 同位语从句* Where did you get the idea
that I couldn’t come?
* The question who should do the work
requires consideration.
* Mother made a promise
that she would buy me a new coat.the ideaThe questiona promise注意！* that与what都可以引导名词性从句。
* what在从句中充当句子成份（主、宾）。
* That在句中只起连接作用，不充当成份。
* that在引导名词性从句时不可省略（宾语从句除外）.That is what he wants to buy.
That we shall be late is certain.
He said (that) he didn’t like her.引导词that & what 状语从句分为九类：时间、地点、原因、结果、
目的、条件、让步、方式、程度1) 时间状语从句Wait until you are called.
When spring came, leaves turn green.常用的关联词有：as, after, before, since,
till/ until, when, while, as soon as, whenever等2) 地点状语从句Put it where you found it.
Sit down wherever you like.常用的关联词有：where, wherever, anywhere3) 原因状语从句As I didn’t know the way,
I asked a policeman常用的关联词有：because, as, since4) 结果状语从句I was in the bath,
so that I didn’t hear the telephone.常用的关联词有：so, so that, such that, that 5) 目的状语从句I’ll show you so you will see how it’s done.常用的关联词有：so, so that, in order that6) 条件状语从句If it snows tomorrow,
we will build a snowman.常用的关联词有：if, unless, in case that,
on condition that…常用的关联词有：though, although, if
even if, even though, whereas 7) 让步状语从句Though I’m fond of music,
I can’t play any instrument.常用的关联词有：as, as if, as though, how常用的关联词有：so, so that, as far as,
so long as8) 方式状语从句He did just as you told him.9) 程度状语从句So long as you need me, I’ll stay. GrammarsentencesEND !
由n.或相当于n.的词担任。置于vt.或prep.后。Tome lost his life in the big fire.He is a student.用以表述主语的特征、状态、身份等。
由n.或adj.担任。置于系动词之后。系动词：be, keep, stay, become, go , come,
感官动词等。5) 补语（complement） 补充说明宾语的情况 。
由n. /adj. /介宾 /分词 /不定式等担任。They made him king.? ?I consider the book too expensive.? ?6) 定语（attributive）修饰限定名词。常由adj.或相当于adj.的词担任。a beautiful country
the burning building
a teacher with 20 years’ experience
a boy called Tom( )( )( )( )7) 状语（adverbial）用以修饰adj. /v. /adv.及全句。
由adv.或相当于adv.的短语和句子担任。位置灵活。I am very sorry.
He runs fast.
He went to school at the age of 5.
He found his pen in the desk.Go on句子类型简单句并列句复合句Ⅰ.简单句1. Things changed.
2. Trees are green.
3. We don’t beat children.
4. He gave his sister the piano.
5. I found the book easy. 主 + 谓主 + 谓 + 表主 + 谓 + 宾主 + 谓 + 间接宾语 + 直接宾语? ?主 + 谓 + 宾 + 宾补Nobody went.
She became a doctor.
The car caught fire.
I will write you a long letter.
I will let him go. Practice? ?Ⅱ.并列句This is me and these are my friends.
They must stay in water, or they will die.
It’s not cheap, but it is very good.
It was late, so I went to bed. andorbut soHe knocked at the door; there was no answer.
You’re alive! And she’s dead.名词性从句状语从句定语从句主语从句表语从句宾语从句同位语从句Ⅲ.复合句名词性从句1) 主语从句* What he said is not known.
* That we shall be late is certain.
* It is certain that we shall be late.
* How strange it is that the children are so quiet! It作形式主语代替主语从句。2）表语从句* That is what he wants to buy.
* The problem is that who we can get to replace her?
* The reason is that he has lied to me several times. 3) 宾语从句* I understand that he is well qualified.
* He said that he didn’t like her.
* I don’t know if you can help me.4) 同位语从句* Where did you get the idea
that I couldn’t come?
* The question who should do the work
requires consideration.
* Mother made a promise
that she would buy me a new coat.the ideaThe questiona promise注意！* that与what都可以引导名词性从句。
* what在从句中充当句子成份（主、宾）。
* That在句中只起连接作用，不充当成份。
* that在引导名词性从句时不可省略（宾语从句除外）.That is what he wants to buy.
That we shall be late is certain.
He said (that) he didn’t like her.引导词that & what 状语从句分为九类：时间、地点、原因、结果、
目的、条件、让步、方式、程度1) 时间状语从句Wait until you are called.
When spring came, leaves turn green.常用的关联词有：as, after, before, since,
till/ until, when, while, as soon as, whenever等2) 地点状语从句Put it where you found it.
Sit down wherever you like.常用的关联词有：where, wherever, anywhere3) 原因状语从句As I didn’t know the way,
I asked a policeman常用的关联词有：because, as, since4) 结果状语从句I was in the bath,
so that I didn’t hear the telephone.常用的关联词有：so, so that, such that, that 5) 目的状语从句I’ll show you so you will see how it’s done.常用的关联词有：so, so that, in order that6) 条件状语从句If it snows tomorrow,
we will build a snowman.常用的关联词有：if, unless, in case that,
on condition that…常用的关联词有：though, although, if
even if, even though, whereas 7) 让步状语从句Though I’m fond of music,
I can’t play any instrument.常用的关联词有：as, as if, as though, how常用的关联词有：so, so that, as far as,
so long as8) 方式状语从句He did just as you told him.9) 程度状语从句So long as you need me, I’ll stay. GrammarsentencesEND !