句子成分[下学期]
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课件11张PPT。句子成分与句子分析句子的定义：句子是包含主语和谓语部分的一组词。
句子的成分：句子由各个组成部分构成，这些组成部分叫做句子的成分。句子的成分可分为：主语、谓语、表语、宾语、同位语、定语、状语、补语、独立成分等。句子按其结构可分为：简单句、并列句、复合句、并列复合句。简单句的构成：
1.主语+谓语
The little boy smiled happily.
The heavy rain stopped finally.
You are a student. He laughed loudly.
Seeing is believing. To be a dream is his dream.2.主语+谓语+宾语
A. 1)The teacher praised the boy /the students /him /us /them.
Do you mind opening the window?
He has finished doing his homework.
He enjoyed playing the piano.
He practises speaking English every morning.
(mind,finish,keep,enjoy,practise,escape,consider,allow,permit)…
B.1) He wanted to buy a new English book.
2) We managed to carry the bag into the room.
3) The boy begged to be taken to America.
C. 1) He stopped to speak. He stopped speaking.
2)Don’t forget to turn off the light.
3) He remembered turnning off the light.
3.主语+谓语+双宾语(间接宾语(人)+直接宾语(物))
He gave me an English book. The old man told us a story.
4.主语+谓语+复合宾语(宾语+宾补)
I heard him singing in the next room.
My parents don’t allow me to smoke.
I saw her cross the street just now/crossing the street now.
We call him captain/Tom . 5) I painted my car red.
5.主语+谓语+宾语从句
He told us that he was a teacher.6.主语+系动词+表语
He was a student. They are soldiers. We are teachers.
He became fatter and fatter. It’s getting warmer and warmer.
The leaves of the trees turn yellow.
The story sounds interesting.
The food tastes/smells delicious.
7.There be 句型
There is a telephone in that room.
There are many apple trees in that garden.
并列句的结构:并列句由两个或两个以上的简单句并列而成.并列句中的简单句常被叫做分句.常见的并列连词有and,but,then,and then,while,either..or,neither …nor,not only…but also,etc.
He failed in the exam and his parents were very angry.
He studied very hard but his brother does not study at all.
Either he stayed at home or his parents went out.
He went into the classroom,went to the back of the classroom and sat there silently.
2) He was ill but also went to school.
3) Not only he but also his parents were very happy.
4)He not only sings well but also dances wonderfully.复合句的结构:复合句由一个主句和一个或一个以上的从句构成.主句是全句的主体,往往可以独立存在;而从句仅是全句的一个成分,故不能独立存在.从句虽然不能单独成句,但它有主谓结构,从句须有一个关联词引导.引导从句的关联词有七类.
从句分主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句、同位语从句、定语从句和状语从句六类。前四类从句在句中的功用相当于名词，又称为名词性从句。
1.主语从句.用作主语的从句叫做主语从句.
1)What he said made his mother very sad.
2)Where we will hold the meeting is unknown.
3)When the film will start hasn’t been decided.
4)Who broke the window is a secret.
5)That he failed in the exam surprised everyone.
6)Whether we will come again is not our task.
2.宾语从句:
1)He told me that his mother died two years ago.
2)He mainly reported what happened there.
3)The teacher did not tell us who made the mistake.
3.表语从句:
1)The problem is who we can get to replace her.
2)That is what she did this morning in your room.
3)The trouble is that I have lost your address.4.同位语从句:同位语从句多跟在以下词之后:fact,news, idea, thought, question, reply,report, remark,etc.
The news that our team won the match is true.
The news that he told you is not true.
2)The question why the sun looks bigger in the morning than in the noon is interesting. The question that he asked is very interesting.
5.定语从句: The man who is standing there is teacher.
6.状语从句: 1)When he comes back,tell him the news.
As spring warms the good earth, all flowers begin to bloom.
Put the pen where it was. He went where his father lives.
4) Because he earns more money than I do,he thinks he is so superior.并列复合句:
一个句子既是复合句又是并列句,叫并列复合句.
1)She said she would work as a cook, and I told her that I would learn to be an engineer.
2)You brought out all your jewellery and you told me I could take anything that I wanted.
句子的成分：句子由各个组成部分构成，这些组成部分叫做句子的成分。句子的成分可分为：主语、谓语、表语、宾语、同位语、定语、状语、补语、独立成分等。句子按其结构可分为：简单句、并列句、复合句、并列复合句。简单句的构成：
1.主语+谓语
The little boy smiled happily.
The heavy rain stopped finally.
You are a student. He laughed loudly.
Seeing is believing. To be a dream is his dream.2.主语+谓语+宾语
A. 1)The teacher praised the boy /the students /him /us /them.
Do you mind opening the window?
He has finished doing his homework.
He enjoyed playing the piano.
He practises speaking English every morning.
(mind,finish,keep,enjoy,practise,escape,consider,allow,permit)…
B.1) He wanted to buy a new English book.
2) We managed to carry the bag into the room.
3) The boy begged to be taken to America.
C. 1) He stopped to speak. He stopped speaking.
2)Don’t forget to turn off the light.
3) He remembered turnning off the light.
3.主语+谓语+双宾语(间接宾语(人)+直接宾语(物))
He gave me an English book. The old man told us a story.
4.主语+谓语+复合宾语(宾语+宾补)
I heard him singing in the next room.
My parents don’t allow me to smoke.
I saw her cross the street just now/crossing the street now.
We call him captain/Tom . 5) I painted my car red.
5.主语+谓语+宾语从句
He told us that he was a teacher.6.主语+系动词+表语
He was a student. They are soldiers. We are teachers.
He became fatter and fatter. It’s getting warmer and warmer.
The leaves of the trees turn yellow.
The story sounds interesting.
The food tastes/smells delicious.
7.There be 句型
There is a telephone in that room.
There are many apple trees in that garden.
并列句的结构:并列句由两个或两个以上的简单句并列而成.并列句中的简单句常被叫做分句.常见的并列连词有and,but,then,and then,while,either..or,neither …nor,not only…but also,etc.
He failed in the exam and his parents were very angry.
He studied very hard but his brother does not study at all.
Either he stayed at home or his parents went out.
He went into the classroom,went to the back of the classroom and sat there silently.
2) He was ill but also went to school.
3) Not only he but also his parents were very happy.
4)He not only sings well but also dances wonderfully.复合句的结构:复合句由一个主句和一个或一个以上的从句构成.主句是全句的主体,往往可以独立存在;而从句仅是全句的一个成分,故不能独立存在.从句虽然不能单独成句,但它有主谓结构,从句须有一个关联词引导.引导从句的关联词有七类.
从句分主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句、同位语从句、定语从句和状语从句六类。前四类从句在句中的功用相当于名词，又称为名词性从句。
1.主语从句.用作主语的从句叫做主语从句.
1)What he said made his mother very sad.
2)Where we will hold the meeting is unknown.
3)When the film will start hasn’t been decided.
4)Who broke the window is a secret.
5)That he failed in the exam surprised everyone.
6)Whether we will come again is not our task.
2.宾语从句:
1)He told me that his mother died two years ago.
2)He mainly reported what happened there.
3)The teacher did not tell us who made the mistake.
3.表语从句:
1)The problem is who we can get to replace her.
2)That is what she did this morning in your room.
3)The trouble is that I have lost your address.4.同位语从句:同位语从句多跟在以下词之后:fact,news, idea, thought, question, reply,report, remark,etc.
The news that our team won the match is true.
The news that he told you is not true.
2)The question why the sun looks bigger in the morning than in the noon is interesting. The question that he asked is very interesting.
5.定语从句: The man who is standing there is teacher.
6.状语从句: 1)When he comes back,tell him the news.
As spring warms the good earth, all flowers begin to bloom.
Put the pen where it was. He went where his father lives.
4) Because he earns more money than I do,he thinks he is so superior.并列复合句:
一个句子既是复合句又是并列句,叫并列复合句.
1)She said she would work as a cook, and I told her that I would learn to be an engineer.
2)You brought out all your jewellery and you told me I could take anything that I wanted.