倒装[上学期]
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课件18张PPT。Welcome to our class !Welcome to our class !Welcome to our class !授课人：刘道芳Inversion(倒装)一） 概说：
倒装是一种语法手段，用以表示一定句子结构或强调某一句子成分的需要。英语句子最基本结构是主+谓结构，倒装就是将这种比较固定的词序加以颠倒。倒装有两种：1）完全倒装（complete inversion）：将主语和谓语完全颠倒过来。
In came the teacher and the class began.
Here comes the bus.
二. 1. 完全倒装1) 用于there ， here引导的句子中， 谓语是be, exist 等表示状态的不及物动词Since you have repaired my TV set, ___is no need for
me to buy a new one. ( 2002上海春季，27）
A, it B, there C, this D, thatB2) 部分倒装 （ partial inversion ）：只将助动词（情态动词）移至主语之前。
Can you speak English?
Seldom have we felt as comfortable as here.
There are some foreign students in our school.
There stands a temple on the top of the mountain
There exist different opinions on the question.
2）以heretherenow thenthus等副词开头的以名词为主语的句子。Look ,here come my father and mother.
Here are the books.
There goes the bell.
Now comes your turn!
Thus ended the meeting.此外，以out in down upbackaway副词等开头的(表示处所、声音的)，谓语动词是come,go, rush,run等不及物动词为了表示生动，谓语动词放在主语之前，形成全部倒装。
Away flew the birds.
Out rushed the children,
Away ran the prisoner.
Bang went the firecracker.注：以代词为主语时，不用倒装结构。There he comes. / Here you are./ Here it is.
In he came and the lesson began.
Up it flew.
In the front of the stage stood a singer.
From the distance came a policeman.
South of the city lies a steel factory.
On the ground lay a small dog.
So busy is the teacher that he has no time to spare.
Gone are the days when they could do what they liked to the Chinese people.
Among the goods are Christmas trees, flowers, candles and toys.
3) 在地点状语提前， 谓语是bestandsitlie等动词的句子里。4)表语（形容词， 过去分词， 介词短语）至于句首时，谓语是be 时用全部倒装。
2. 部分倒装
1）疑问句
Are you from America?
How old was your father?
He was very unhappy, wasn’t he ?
注：在特殊疑问句里，如疑问词做主语，则不倒装
Who is in the next room?
What makes you so angry?
Which of you is the oldest?2) 以only所修饰的副词、介词短语或状语从句开头时，部分倒装。Only then did I realize that I was wrong.
Only in a big city was it possible to buy a wheelchair.
Only when the war was over in 1949 was he able to get back home.注：only 修饰的状语，如果不位于句首，则不用倒装。
The aim was achieved only after a bitter struggle.
Only 放句首， 但修饰的是主语，也不用倒装。
Only socialism can save china.
Only when your identity has been checked, ___（2003上海）
A. you are allowed in. B. you will be allowed in
C. will you allow in. D. will you be allowed in
____can you expect to get a pay rise.(nmet2001北京）
With hard work B. Although work hard
C. Only with hard work D. Now that he works hardDC3) 用于以副词so neither nor（均有“也”的意思）
开头的句子,部分倒装。He like rice very well. So do I.
I have never been abroad. Neither has I
I didn’t read the notice on the blackboard.Nor did he.
If you buy it, so will I.
If you don’t want it, neither shall I.注：如果so不含“也”的意思，即使开头，也不倒装
-----It was cold yesterday. -----So it was.
“he finished it on time.” “so he did.”
在以下情况下， 不能用so或neithernor来表达， 但可以用so it is with 来表达。
a, 当一个句子的主语是人，一个主语的主语是物时
Tom is in Class Two, and his classroom is over there. So it is with Mary.
b, 当前面两个句子，一个是肯定，一个是否定式时。
Tom likes singing, but he doesn’t like dancing. So it is with Mary.
c, 当两个句子的谓语动词属于不同类型时，可用so it is with.
Tom is clever and he studies hard. So it is with Mary.4)否定意义的副词或连词开头，为了表示强调，倒装。如：never / hardly / seldom / barely / scarcely / little/ not only / neither / nor / no sooner …than … / never before / not until / in no way 等Never have I read such an interesting book.
Little does she know what may happen.
Hardly could I believe it true.
Not until after the war did he return home.
当这些单词不提前到句首时，便部倒装。
I seldom read newspaper before.The old couple have been married for 40 years and never once ____with each other. (MNET2003)
they had quarreled B. they have quarreled
have they quarreled C. had they quarreled
Not a single song____at yesterday’s party.(2000上海）
A, she sang B, sang she C, did she sing D, she did sing
I finally got the job I dreamed about, Never in all my life____
so happy!(NMET2000北京春季）
A, did I feel B, I felt C. I had felt D, had I felt
Little____about his own safety, though he was in great danger himself.(1995上海）
A, does he care B, did he care C, he cares D, he cared
CCDB5)在以oftenalwaysoncemany a timenow and thenevery other dayevery two hoursthen 等作状语的词位于句首的句子里。
Often did I speak of him before.
Always does she ask me for money.
Now and then does Madame White go to the cinema.
Many a time has he helped me with my experiments.
1) Not only … …句型 （复合句前面的从句不倒装，后面的主句倒装。Not until he saw the present did she feel happy. 2) Not only… but also ……句型 （前一个分句倒装，后一个分句不倒装）Not only does he have to type out the answer on a computer, but he also gets the computer to translate this into sounds.几个否定词提前的特殊句型：Hardly had I entered the army when I felt very proud.No sooner had he finished the talk than a man stood up and put forward a question.3) No sooner …than … Hardly …when 句型（后面从句不倒装，前面主句倒装）。
_______ got into the room________ the telephone rang. (NMET88)
A He hardly had; then B Hardly had he; when
C He had not; than D Not had he; whenB4） 以as引导的让步状语从句，谓语动词以后的部分倒装（提到as之前）Fine as it is , I shall not go out.
Hard as he worked , he made little progress.
Child as he is, he knows a lot.
Were I you (= If I were you ) , I would do the work better.
Had they time (=If they had time ), they would certainly come and help us.
Should you change your mind(= If you should change your mind), please let me know.
Had I known you were coming(= If I had known you were coming), I would have stayed at home.
5）用于以were / had / should 等词开头的虚拟条件句（即：省略了if的条件句）
GooDbye
倒装是一种语法手段，用以表示一定句子结构或强调某一句子成分的需要。英语句子最基本结构是主+谓结构，倒装就是将这种比较固定的词序加以颠倒。倒装有两种：1）完全倒装（complete inversion）：将主语和谓语完全颠倒过来。
In came the teacher and the class began.
Here comes the bus.
二. 1. 完全倒装1) 用于there ， here引导的句子中， 谓语是be, exist 等表示状态的不及物动词Since you have repaired my TV set, ___is no need for
me to buy a new one. ( 2002上海春季，27）
A, it B, there C, this D, thatB2) 部分倒装 （ partial inversion ）：只将助动词（情态动词）移至主语之前。
Can you speak English?
Seldom have we felt as comfortable as here.
There are some foreign students in our school.
There stands a temple on the top of the mountain
There exist different opinions on the question.
2）以heretherenow thenthus等副词开头的以名词为主语的句子。Look ,here come my father and mother.
Here are the books.
There goes the bell.
Now comes your turn!
Thus ended the meeting.此外，以out in down upbackaway副词等开头的(表示处所、声音的)，谓语动词是come,go, rush,run等不及物动词为了表示生动，谓语动词放在主语之前，形成全部倒装。
Away flew the birds.
Out rushed the children,
Away ran the prisoner.
Bang went the firecracker.注：以代词为主语时，不用倒装结构。There he comes. / Here you are./ Here it is.
In he came and the lesson began.
Up it flew.
In the front of the stage stood a singer.
From the distance came a policeman.
South of the city lies a steel factory.
On the ground lay a small dog.
So busy is the teacher that he has no time to spare.
Gone are the days when they could do what they liked to the Chinese people.
Among the goods are Christmas trees, flowers, candles and toys.
3) 在地点状语提前， 谓语是bestandsitlie等动词的句子里。4)表语（形容词， 过去分词， 介词短语）至于句首时，谓语是be 时用全部倒装。
2. 部分倒装
1）疑问句
Are you from America?
How old was your father?
He was very unhappy, wasn’t he ?
注：在特殊疑问句里，如疑问词做主语，则不倒装
Who is in the next room?
What makes you so angry?
Which of you is the oldest?2) 以only所修饰的副词、介词短语或状语从句开头时，部分倒装。Only then did I realize that I was wrong.
Only in a big city was it possible to buy a wheelchair.
Only when the war was over in 1949 was he able to get back home.注：only 修饰的状语，如果不位于句首，则不用倒装。
The aim was achieved only after a bitter struggle.
Only 放句首， 但修饰的是主语，也不用倒装。
Only socialism can save china.
Only when your identity has been checked, ___（2003上海）
A. you are allowed in. B. you will be allowed in
C. will you allow in. D. will you be allowed in
____can you expect to get a pay rise.(nmet2001北京）
With hard work B. Although work hard
C. Only with hard work D. Now that he works hardDC3) 用于以副词so neither nor（均有“也”的意思）
开头的句子,部分倒装。He like rice very well. So do I.
I have never been abroad. Neither has I
I didn’t read the notice on the blackboard.Nor did he.
If you buy it, so will I.
If you don’t want it, neither shall I.注：如果so不含“也”的意思，即使开头，也不倒装
-----It was cold yesterday. -----So it was.
“he finished it on time.” “so he did.”
在以下情况下， 不能用so或neithernor来表达， 但可以用so it is with 来表达。
a, 当一个句子的主语是人，一个主语的主语是物时
Tom is in Class Two, and his classroom is over there. So it is with Mary.
b, 当前面两个句子，一个是肯定，一个是否定式时。
Tom likes singing, but he doesn’t like dancing. So it is with Mary.
c, 当两个句子的谓语动词属于不同类型时，可用so it is with.
Tom is clever and he studies hard. So it is with Mary.4)否定意义的副词或连词开头，为了表示强调，倒装。如：never / hardly / seldom / barely / scarcely / little/ not only / neither / nor / no sooner …than … / never before / not until / in no way 等Never have I read such an interesting book.
Little does she know what may happen.
Hardly could I believe it true.
Not until after the war did he return home.
当这些单词不提前到句首时，便部倒装。
I seldom read newspaper before.The old couple have been married for 40 years and never once ____with each other. (MNET2003)
they had quarreled B. they have quarreled
have they quarreled C. had they quarreled
Not a single song____at yesterday’s party.(2000上海）
A, she sang B, sang she C, did she sing D, she did sing
I finally got the job I dreamed about, Never in all my life____
so happy!(NMET2000北京春季）
A, did I feel B, I felt C. I had felt D, had I felt
Little____about his own safety, though he was in great danger himself.(1995上海）
A, does he care B, did he care C, he cares D, he cared
CCDB5)在以oftenalwaysoncemany a timenow and thenevery other dayevery two hoursthen 等作状语的词位于句首的句子里。
Often did I speak of him before.
Always does she ask me for money.
Now and then does Madame White go to the cinema.
Many a time has he helped me with my experiments.
1) Not only … …句型 （复合句前面的从句不倒装，后面的主句倒装。Not until he saw the present did she feel happy. 2) Not only… but also ……句型 （前一个分句倒装，后一个分句不倒装）Not only does he have to type out the answer on a computer, but he also gets the computer to translate this into sounds.几个否定词提前的特殊句型：Hardly had I entered the army when I felt very proud.No sooner had he finished the talk than a man stood up and put forward a question.3) No sooner …than … Hardly …when 句型（后面从句不倒装，前面主句倒装）。
_______ got into the room________ the telephone rang. (NMET88)
A He hardly had; then B Hardly had he; when
C He had not; than D Not had he; whenB4） 以as引导的让步状语从句，谓语动词以后的部分倒装（提到as之前）Fine as it is , I shall not go out.
Hard as he worked , he made little progress.
Child as he is, he knows a lot.
Were I you (= If I were you ) , I would do the work better.
Had they time (=If they had time ), they would certainly come and help us.
Should you change your mind(= If you should change your mind), please let me know.
Had I known you were coming(= If I had known you were coming), I would have stayed at home.
5）用于以were / had / should 等词开头的虚拟条件句（即：省略了if的条件句）
GooDbye