(共9张PPT)
高三英语总复习语法系列训练
倒 装 结 构(Ⅱ)
南莫中学高三英语备课组
1、倒装句之全部倒装
全部倒装是只将句子中的谓语动词全部置于主语之前。此结构通常只用与一般现在时和一般过去时。常见的结构有：
1) here, there, now, then, thus等副词置于句首, 谓语动词常用be, come, go, lie, run等，例如：
There goes the bell. / Then came the chairman.
Here is your letter.
2) 表示运动方向的副词或地点状语置于句首，谓语表示运动的动词，例如：
Out rushed a missile from under the bomber.
Ahead sat an old woman.
注意：
上述全部倒装的句型结构的主语必须是名词，如果主语是人称代词则不能完全倒装。例如：
Here he comes. / Away they went.
2、倒装句之部分倒装
部分倒装是指将谓语的一部分如助动词或情态倒装至主语之前。如果句中的谓语没有助动词或情态动词，则需添加助动词do, does或did，并将其置于主语之前。
1) 句首为否定或半否定的词语，如 no, not, never, seldom, little, hardly, at no time, in no way, not until … 等。
Never have I seen such a performance.
Nowhere will you find the answer to this question.
Not until the child fell asleep did the mother leave the room.
当Not until 引出主从复合句，主句倒装，从句不倒装。
注意： 如否定词不在句首不倒装，例如：
I have never seen such a performance.
The mother didn't leave the room until the child fell asleep.
典型例题
— Why can't I smoke here
— At no time _______ in the meeting-room.
A. is smoking permitted B. smoking is permitted
C. smoking is it permitted D. does smoking permit
答案A. 这是一个倒装问题。当否定词语置于句首以表示强调时，其句中的主谓须用倒装结构。这些否定词包括no, little, hardly, seldom, never, not only, not until等。本题的正常语序是 Smoking is permitted in the meeting-room at no time.
Not until the early years of the 19th century _______ what heat is.
A. man did know B. man know
C. didn't man know D. did man know
答案D. 看到Not until…的句型，我们知道为一倒装句，答案在C，D 中选一个。改写为正常语序为，Man did not know what heat is until the early years of the 19th. 现在将not提前，后面就不能再用否定了,否则意思就变了。
3、以否定词开头作部分倒装
如: Not only…but also, Hardly/Scarcely…when, No sooner… than
Not only did he refuse the gift, he also severely criticized the sender.
Hardly had she gone out when a student came to visit her.
No sooner had she gone out than a student came to visit her.
典型例题
No sooner _______ than it began to rain heavily.
A. the game began B. has the game begun
C. did the game begin D. had the game begun
答案D. 以具有否定意义的副词放在句首时，一般采用倒装句(谓语前置)。这类表示否定意义的词有never, seldom, scarcely, little, few, not, hardly, 以及not only…but (also), no sooner…than, hardly… when scarcely… when等等。
注意：只有当Not only… but also连接两个分句时，才在第一个分句用倒装结构。如果置于句首的Not only… but also仅连接两个并列词语，不可用倒装结构。
Not only you but also I am fond of music.
4、so, neither, nor 作部分倒装
表示“也”、“也不” 的句子要部分倒装，例如：
Tom can speak French. So can Jack.
If you won't go, neither will I.
典型例题
-- Do you know Jim quarrelled with his brother
-- I don't know, _____.
A. nor don't I care B. nor do I care
C. I don't care neither D. I don't care also
答案B。nor为增补意思"也不关心"，因此句子应倒装。A.错在用 don't 再次否定，C. neither 用法不对且缺乏连词。D. 缺乏连词。
注意：当so引出的句子用以对上文内容加以证实或肯定时，不可用倒装结构。意为"的确如此"。
Tom asked me to go to play football and so I did.
“It's raining hard.” “So it is.”
5、as, though 引导的倒装句
as / though引导的让步从句必须将表语或状语提前（形容词, 副词, 分词, 实义动词提前），例如：
Old as my father is, he keeps up with his English study.
Child as he is, he knows something of electricity.
Tired as he was, he continued to work.
Young as she was, she was already director of a factory.
Try hard as he will, he never seems able to do the work satisfactorily.
注意：
1) 句首名词不能带任何冠词。句首是实义动词, 其他助动词放在主语后。如果实义动词有宾语和状语, 随实义动词一起放在主语之前。
2) 让步状语从句中，有though，although时，后面的主句不能有 but，但是 though 和yet可连用。
6、only在句首要倒装的情况
Only in this way, can you learn English well.
Only after being asked three times did he come to the meeting.
如果句子为主从复合句，则主句倒装，从句不倒装，例如：
Only when he is seriously ill, does he ever stay in bed.
7、其他部分倒装
1) so… that 句型中的so 位于句首时，需倒装。
So frightened was he that he did not dare to move an inch.
2) 在某些表示祝愿的句型中：
May you all be happy.
3) 在虚拟语气条件句中从句谓语动词有were, had, should等词，可将if 省略，把 were, had, should 移到主语之前，采取部分倒装。
Were I you, I would try it again.
典型例题：
1. Not until the early years of the 19th century ______ what heat is.
A. man did know B. man knew
C. didn't man know D. did man know
2. Not until I began to work ______ how much time I had wasted.
A. didn't I realize B. did I realize
C. I didn't realize D. I realize
3. — Do you know Tom bought a new car
— I don't know, _______.
A. nor don't I care B. nor do I care
C. I don't care neither D. I don't care also
答案为D。 Not until 引导的词组位于句首，后面的句子要倒装。
答案为B。 Not until 引导从句位于句首，后面的主句要倒装。
答案为B。句中的nor引出部分倒装结构，表示"也不"。由 so, neither, nor引导的倒装句，表示前一情况的重复出现。其中, so用于肯定句, 而 neither, nor 用在否定句中。(共10张PPT)
高三英语总复习语法系列训练
倒装结构
南莫中学高三英语备课组
倒装语序分为“全部倒装”和“部分倒装”。在全部倒装的句子中，整个谓语都放在主语的前面；在部分倒装的句子中，只是谓语中的一部分（如助动词、情态动词或系动词be等）放在主语前面，其余部分仍放在主语后面。下面将常见的倒装情况分述如下：
一、由there, here 或now 等引起，谓语为come（或go）的句子，例如：
There comes the bus!
There goes the bell!
Here comes Mary!
Now comes your turn.
注：如果主语为人称代词，仍用自然语序，例如：
There he comes!
Here she comes!
二、由then 引起，谓语为come（或 follow）的句子，例如：
Then came a new difficulty.
Then followed eight years of the Anti-Japanese War.
Then came wind, hail and frost.
三、由here（或there）引导，谓语为be的句子，如：
Here is China’s largest tropical forest.
Here are some picture-books.
注：如果主语为人称代词，仍用自然语序，如：
Here you are. / Here we are. / Here it is. / There he is.
四、由so引起的，表示前面所说的情况也适用于另一个人（或物）的句子，如：
“We must start for the work-site now.” “So must we.”
Society has changed and so have the people in it.
He plays the violin quite well. So does my sister.
He has been to Beijing, so have I.
注：如果一个句子只是重复前面一句话的意思，尽管so用开头，语序也不要倒装，如：
-- It was cold yesterday. – So it was!
-- Tomorrow will be Monday. – So it will.
五、由neither或nor引起的，表示前面所说的情况也适用于另一个人（或物）的句子，如：
-- I won’t do such a thing. –Neither / Nor will I.
If you won’t go, neither shall I.
-- I haven’t done my homework. –Neither / Nor have I.
I didn’t read the notice on the bulletin board, nor did he.
六、在if引导的非真实条件句中，如有助动词had, should或were时，可以省略if，进行倒装，如：
Had I come five minutes earlier, I would have met the famous scientist. (If I had come five minutes …)
Had I been informed earlier, I could have done something.
Should anyone call, tell him to wait for me here.
Were I ten years younger, I would be able to climb to the top of the hill.
Should you change your mind, let us know.
(If I were you …不倒装)
七、在描写情景时，有时为了生动，可以把out, in, up, down, away等副词放在主语前，同时主谓倒装，如：
Up went the arrow into the air.
Up flew the red balloon.
Following the roar, out rushed a tiger from among the bushes.
注：如果主语是一个人称代词，谓语仍放在后面，如：
Away they went. / Down it flew. / Up it went.
八、当as引导让步状语从句时，可以把表语提到前面来，采用“形容词（或副词、名词）+ as +主语+谓语”这种形式，如：
Old as my father is, he keeps up with his English study.
Child as he is, he knows something of electricity.
Tired as he was, he continued to work.
Young as she was, she was already director of a factory.
九、当always, often, well, many a time等词放在句首时，后面常用倒装语序，如：
Always did the soldier go to help the villagers.
Often did we warn them not to do so.
Well do I remember the day I saw a wild tiger.
Many a time did he go swimming in the river.
注：上述所说的词不放在句首，不用倒装语序。
十、only所修饰的副词、介词短语或状语从句放在句首时，其后面的主语部分要进行倒装，如：
Only in this way can you hope to improve the situation there.
Only then did I realize that I was wrong.
Only once did his father discuss his future with him.
Only yesterday did I realize what was going on.
Only after he came back was I able to see him.
注：only修饰主语，仍用自然语序，如：
Only socialism can save China.
十一、含有否定意义的副词、连词或短语构成的状语放在句首时，常用倒装语序。
这些词和词组有：not, never, hardly, seldom, little, rarely, scarcely, not until, not only…but also…, neither…nor…, no sooner…than…, hardly…when …, scarcely…when等，例如：
Never shall I forget the day when I joined the League.
Not until I began to work did I realize how much time I had wasted.
Not only did he read the book, but also remembered what he had read.
No sooner had he arrived there than he fell ill.
Hardly / Scarcely had she fallen asleep when a knock at the door awakened her.
注：上面所说的词和词组如果不在句首，句子不必用倒装语序。另外，not only…but also连接两个主语时，不用倒装，如：
Not only the students, but also the teacher wishes for a holiday.
十二、当so（或such）…that…结构中的so或such用于句首时，要采取倒装语序，如：
So loudly did he speak that even people in the next room could hear him.
So loudly did he speak that he was heard upstairs.
So small was the mark that I could hardly see it.
So angry was he that he couldn’t speak.
So fast does light travel that it is difficult for us to imagine its speed.
Such was the force of the explosion that all the windows were broken.
Such was his strength that he could bend iron bars.
注：such和be连用作表语时，也常用倒装语序，如：
Such was the result.
Such were her words.
Such was the story he told.
十三、在下列结构中也常用倒装语序：
On a hill in front of them stood a great castle.
On the bed lay a sick old man.
Under the tree was sitting one of the biggest men I have ever seen.
Seated on the ground are a group of young men playing cards.
Lying on the floor was a boy aged about seventeen.
Good-bye!
