inversion[上学期]
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课件24张PPT。Inversion Grammar:倒装英语的基本句型是主语 + 谓语。
如果将主语与谓语调换, 称倒装句。
倒装句分全倒装句和半倒装句。
谓语 + 主语助动词/情态动词完全倒装部分倒装+主语 + v.…In came the headmaster.Have you known the news?
Can you speak English?There goes the bell! 铃响了！
There lived an old man.
Here comes the bus.
1、当here, there, out, in, up, down等副词放在句首时,
句子需全倒装:
注意:
①在这种情况下倒装仅限于不及物动词或be动词, 像go, come, rush等。
②主语如果是代词时不需倒装如Away he went. 他走远了。
? 全倒装: 主语与谓语交换位置不需任何助动词, 叫全倒装。 全倒装有以下三种
注意：主语是人称代词，语序不变。Here you are.In he comes.所以完全倒装需具备的2个条件
Here is a letter for you.注：如果主语为人称代词，仍用自然语序，如：
Here you are.
Here we are.
Here it is!
There it goes!Here is China’s largest tropical forest.2.主语必须是n1. 谓语必须是vi 或者 link verb（系动词）a 形容词+系动词+主语
b. 过去分词+系动词+主语
c. 介词短语+系动词+主语Present at the meeting were many students.Gone are the days when they lived alone.In the corner was a table.2. 表语+ 系动词 + 主语3.为了强调平衡而将表地点的介词短语放在句首时.
状语(表示地点的介词短语)+ v. + S.
sit, stand, lie, come,hang 等. (To the) east of the city lie two lakes On the wall hangs an old jacket. From the valley came a help In front of the house stopped a police car.
Nearby were two canoes in which they had come to the island.
Under the tree sat a boy.4.such 置于句首时+系动词+主语Such was Albert Einstein, a simple man.
Such were the facts. No one can deny them.5.用于 there be 句型There are many students in the classroom.
There is a pen , two books and a bag on the table2、倒装句之部分倒装 部分倒装是指将谓语的一部分如助动词或情态倒装至主语之前。如果句中的谓语没有助动词或情态动词，则需添加助动词do, does或did，并将其置于主语之前。
1. 句首为否定或半否定的词语，如 no, not, never, seldom, little, hardly, at no time, in no way, not until … 等。
Never have I seen such a performance.
Nowhere will you find the answer to this question.
Not until the child fell asleep did the mother leave the room.
当Not until 引出主从复合句，主句倒装，从句不倒装。
注意： 如否定词不在句首不倒装，例如：
I have never seen such a performance.
The mother didn't leave the room until the child fell asleep.典型例题
— Why can't I smoke here?
— At no time _______ in the meeting-room.
A. is smoking permitted B. smoking is permitted
C. smoking is it permitted D. does smoking permit答案A. 这是一个倒装问题。当否定词语置于句首以表示强调时，其句中的主谓须用倒装结构。这些否定词包括no, little, hardly, seldom, never, not only, not until等。本题的正常语序是 Smoking is permitted in the meeting-room at no time.Not until the early years of the 19th century _______ what heat is.
A. man did know B. man know
C. didn't man know D. did man know答案D. 看到Not until…的句型，我们知道为一倒装句，答案在C，D 中选一个。改写为正常语序为，Man did not know what heat is until the early years of the 19th. 现在将not提前，后面就不能再用否定了,否则意思就变了。 2、以否定词开头作部分倒装
如: Not only…but also, Hardly/Scarcely…when, No sooner… than
Not only did he refuse the gift, he also severely criticized the sender.
Hardly had she gone out when a student came to visit her.
No sooner had she gone out than a student came to visit her.典型例题
No sooner _______ than it began to rain heavily.
A. the game began B. has the game begun
C. did the game begin D. had the game begun答案D. 以具有否定意义的副词放在句首时，一般采用倒装句(谓语前置)。这类表示否定意义的词有never, seldom, scarcely, little, few, not, hardly, 以及not only…but (also), no sooner…than, hardly… when scarcely… when等等。注意：只有当Not only… but also连接两个分句时，才在第一个分句用倒装结构。如果置于句首的Not only… but also仅连接两个并列词语，不可用倒装结构。
Not only you but also I am fond of music.3) No sooner…than… Hardly …when…Scarcely …when…Hardly had they gone out of the classroom when it began to rain.位于句首注意：主句用倒装，从句不用倒装。
主句用过去完成时，从句用过去时He had no sooner arrived there than he fell ill.No sooner had he arrived there than he fell ill.Exercises:3、so, neither, nor 作部分倒装
表示“也”、“也不” 的句子要部分倒装，例如：
Tom can speak French. So can Jack.
If you won't go, neither will I.典型例题
-- Do you know Jim quarrelled with his brother?
-- I don't know, _____.
A. nor don't I care B. nor do I care
C. I don't care neither D. I don't care also答案B。nor为增补意思"也不关心"，因此句子应倒装。A.错在用 don't 再次否定，C. neither 用法不对且缺乏连词。D. 缺乏连词。注意：当so引出的句子用以对上文内容加以证实或肯定时，不可用倒装结构。意为"的确如此"。
Tom asked me to go to play football and so I did.
“It's raining hard.” “So it is.”②.SO1) He studies English well. So does she.2) He studies English well. So he does.3) So it is /was (the same) with…He didn’t study well and failed in the exam.
So it was with me.b) He studies hard and is a good student.So it is with Tom.下列情况不用so,neither ,nor.而用so it is with… 来表达情况也适用于另一个人1.当前面两个句子，一个是肯定，一个是否定时
2.当一个句子的主语是人，一句子的主语是物时
3.当两个句子的谓语动词属于不同类型时。
Tom likes singing ,but he doesn’t like dancing.
So it is with Mary.He is in Class Two, and his classroom is over there.
So it is with Mary.Tom is clever and he studies hard.
So it is with Mary.4、as, though 引导的倒装句
as / though引导的让步从句必须将表语或状语提前（形容词, 副词, 分词, 实义动词提前），例如：
Old as my father is, he keeps up with his English study.
Child as he is, he knows something of electricity.
Tired as he was, he continued to work.
Young as she was, she was already director of a factory.
Try hard as he will, he never seems able to do the work satisfactorily.注意：
1) 句首名词不能带任何冠词。句首是实义动词, 其他助动词放在主语后。如果实义动词有宾语和状语, 随实义动词一起放在主语之前。
2) 让步状语从句中，有though，although时，后面的主句不能有 but，但是 though 和yet可连用。 5、only在句首要倒装的情况
Only in this way, can you learn English well.
Only after being asked three times did he come to the meeting.
如果句子为主从复合句，则主句倒装，从句不倒装，例如：
Only when he is seriously ill, does he ever stay in bed.6、其他部分倒装
1) so… that 句型中的so 位于句首时，需倒装。
So frightened was he that he did not dare to move an inch.
2) 在某些表示祝愿的句型中：
May you all be happy.
3) 在虚拟语气条件句中从句谓语动词有were, had, should等词，可将if 省略，把 were, had, should 移到主语之前，采取部分倒装。
Were I you, I would try it again.典型例题：
1. Not until the early years of the 19th century ______ what heat is.
A. man did know B. man knew
C. didn't man know D. did man know
2. Not until I began to work ______ how much time I had wasted.
A. didn't I realize B. did I realize
C. I didn't realize D. I realize
3. — Do you know Tom bought a new car?
— I don't know, _______.
A. nor don't I care B. nor do I care
C. I don't care neither D. I don't care also答案为D。 Not until 引导的词组位于句首，后面的句子要倒装。
答案为B。 Not until 引导从句位于句首，后面的主句要倒装。
答案为B。句中的nor引出部分倒装结构，表示"也不"。由 so, neither, nor引导的倒装句，表示前一情况的重复出现。其中, so用于肯定句, 而 neither, nor 用在否定句中。 7. prep. + no + n. 位于句首At no time will China be the first to use nuclear weapons.By no means can teaching be separated from practice. In no case are you to leave your post.8.省略了 if 的虚拟条件句虚拟条件句的谓语动词如果是 were, had, should 时，可省略if, 但其谓语须倒装。Had you worked hard at your lessons, you would have passed the exam. 10. neither ….., nor….. … 不…,也不…
由于neither 和nor 都是否定词，所以前
后句均需倒装.Neither has he called on her, nor will he do so.Good-bye!
如果将主语与谓语调换, 称倒装句。
倒装句分全倒装句和半倒装句。
谓语 + 主语助动词/情态动词完全倒装部分倒装+主语 + v.…In came the headmaster.Have you known the news?
Can you speak English?There goes the bell! 铃响了！
There lived an old man.
Here comes the bus.
1、当here, there, out, in, up, down等副词放在句首时,
句子需全倒装:
注意:
①在这种情况下倒装仅限于不及物动词或be动词, 像go, come, rush等。
②主语如果是代词时不需倒装如Away he went. 他走远了。
? 全倒装: 主语与谓语交换位置不需任何助动词, 叫全倒装。 全倒装有以下三种
注意：主语是人称代词，语序不变。Here you are.In he comes.所以完全倒装需具备的2个条件
Here is a letter for you.注：如果主语为人称代词，仍用自然语序，如：
Here you are.
Here we are.
Here it is!
There it goes!Here is China’s largest tropical forest.2.主语必须是n1. 谓语必须是vi 或者 link verb（系动词）a 形容词+系动词+主语
b. 过去分词+系动词+主语
c. 介词短语+系动词+主语Present at the meeting were many students.Gone are the days when they lived alone.In the corner was a table.2. 表语+ 系动词 + 主语3.为了强调平衡而将表地点的介词短语放在句首时.
状语(表示地点的介词短语)+ v. + S.
sit, stand, lie, come,hang 等. (To the) east of the city lie two lakes On the wall hangs an old jacket. From the valley came a help In front of the house stopped a police car.
Nearby were two canoes in which they had come to the island.
Under the tree sat a boy.4.such 置于句首时+系动词+主语Such was Albert Einstein, a simple man.
Such were the facts. No one can deny them.5.用于 there be 句型There are many students in the classroom.
There is a pen , two books and a bag on the table2、倒装句之部分倒装 部分倒装是指将谓语的一部分如助动词或情态倒装至主语之前。如果句中的谓语没有助动词或情态动词，则需添加助动词do, does或did，并将其置于主语之前。
1. 句首为否定或半否定的词语，如 no, not, never, seldom, little, hardly, at no time, in no way, not until … 等。
Never have I seen such a performance.
Nowhere will you find the answer to this question.
Not until the child fell asleep did the mother leave the room.
当Not until 引出主从复合句，主句倒装，从句不倒装。
注意： 如否定词不在句首不倒装，例如：
I have never seen such a performance.
The mother didn't leave the room until the child fell asleep.典型例题
— Why can't I smoke here?
— At no time _______ in the meeting-room.
A. is smoking permitted B. smoking is permitted
C. smoking is it permitted D. does smoking permit答案A. 这是一个倒装问题。当否定词语置于句首以表示强调时，其句中的主谓须用倒装结构。这些否定词包括no, little, hardly, seldom, never, not only, not until等。本题的正常语序是 Smoking is permitted in the meeting-room at no time.Not until the early years of the 19th century _______ what heat is.
A. man did know B. man know
C. didn't man know D. did man know答案D. 看到Not until…的句型，我们知道为一倒装句，答案在C，D 中选一个。改写为正常语序为，Man did not know what heat is until the early years of the 19th. 现在将not提前，后面就不能再用否定了,否则意思就变了。 2、以否定词开头作部分倒装
如: Not only…but also, Hardly/Scarcely…when, No sooner… than
Not only did he refuse the gift, he also severely criticized the sender.
Hardly had she gone out when a student came to visit her.
No sooner had she gone out than a student came to visit her.典型例题
No sooner _______ than it began to rain heavily.
A. the game began B. has the game begun
C. did the game begin D. had the game begun答案D. 以具有否定意义的副词放在句首时，一般采用倒装句(谓语前置)。这类表示否定意义的词有never, seldom, scarcely, little, few, not, hardly, 以及not only…but (also), no sooner…than, hardly… when scarcely… when等等。注意：只有当Not only… but also连接两个分句时，才在第一个分句用倒装结构。如果置于句首的Not only… but also仅连接两个并列词语，不可用倒装结构。
Not only you but also I am fond of music.3) No sooner…than… Hardly …when…Scarcely …when…Hardly had they gone out of the classroom when it began to rain.位于句首注意：主句用倒装，从句不用倒装。
主句用过去完成时，从句用过去时He had no sooner arrived there than he fell ill.No sooner had he arrived there than he fell ill.Exercises:3、so, neither, nor 作部分倒装
表示“也”、“也不” 的句子要部分倒装，例如：
Tom can speak French. So can Jack.
If you won't go, neither will I.典型例题
-- Do you know Jim quarrelled with his brother?
-- I don't know, _____.
A. nor don't I care B. nor do I care
C. I don't care neither D. I don't care also答案B。nor为增补意思"也不关心"，因此句子应倒装。A.错在用 don't 再次否定，C. neither 用法不对且缺乏连词。D. 缺乏连词。注意：当so引出的句子用以对上文内容加以证实或肯定时，不可用倒装结构。意为"的确如此"。
Tom asked me to go to play football and so I did.
“It's raining hard.” “So it is.”②.SO1) He studies English well. So does she.2) He studies English well. So he does.3) So it is /was (the same) with…He didn’t study well and failed in the exam.
So it was with me.b) He studies hard and is a good student.So it is with Tom.下列情况不用so,neither ,nor.而用so it is with… 来表达情况也适用于另一个人1.当前面两个句子，一个是肯定，一个是否定时
2.当一个句子的主语是人，一句子的主语是物时
3.当两个句子的谓语动词属于不同类型时。
Tom likes singing ,but he doesn’t like dancing.
So it is with Mary.He is in Class Two, and his classroom is over there.
So it is with Mary.Tom is clever and he studies hard.
So it is with Mary.4、as, though 引导的倒装句
as / though引导的让步从句必须将表语或状语提前（形容词, 副词, 分词, 实义动词提前），例如：
Old as my father is, he keeps up with his English study.
Child as he is, he knows something of electricity.
Tired as he was, he continued to work.
Young as she was, she was already director of a factory.
Try hard as he will, he never seems able to do the work satisfactorily.注意：
1) 句首名词不能带任何冠词。句首是实义动词, 其他助动词放在主语后。如果实义动词有宾语和状语, 随实义动词一起放在主语之前。
2) 让步状语从句中，有though，although时，后面的主句不能有 but，但是 though 和yet可连用。 5、only在句首要倒装的情况
Only in this way, can you learn English well.
Only after being asked three times did he come to the meeting.
如果句子为主从复合句，则主句倒装，从句不倒装，例如：
Only when he is seriously ill, does he ever stay in bed.6、其他部分倒装
1) so… that 句型中的so 位于句首时，需倒装。
So frightened was he that he did not dare to move an inch.
2) 在某些表示祝愿的句型中：
May you all be happy.
3) 在虚拟语气条件句中从句谓语动词有were, had, should等词，可将if 省略，把 were, had, should 移到主语之前，采取部分倒装。
Were I you, I would try it again.典型例题：
1. Not until the early years of the 19th century ______ what heat is.
A. man did know B. man knew
C. didn't man know D. did man know
2. Not until I began to work ______ how much time I had wasted.
A. didn't I realize B. did I realize
C. I didn't realize D. I realize
3. — Do you know Tom bought a new car?
— I don't know, _______.
A. nor don't I care B. nor do I care
C. I don't care neither D. I don't care also答案为D。 Not until 引导的词组位于句首，后面的句子要倒装。
答案为B。 Not until 引导从句位于句首，后面的主句要倒装。
答案为B。句中的nor引出部分倒装结构，表示"也不"。由 so, neither, nor引导的倒装句，表示前一情况的重复出现。其中, so用于肯定句, 而 neither, nor 用在否定句中。 7. prep. + no + n. 位于句首At no time will China be the first to use nuclear weapons.By no means can teaching be separated from practice. In no case are you to leave your post.8.省略了 if 的虚拟条件句虚拟条件句的谓语动词如果是 were, had, should 时，可省略if, 但其谓语须倒装。Had you worked hard at your lessons, you would have passed the exam. 10. neither ….., nor….. … 不…,也不…
由于neither 和nor 都是否定词，所以前
后句均需倒装.Neither has he called on her, nor will he do so.Good-bye!