(必修5) Unit4 (Grammar Inversion课件[上学期]

课件40张PPT。倒装句英语句子通常有两种语序：一种是陈述语序，一种是倒装语序。将谓语的一部分或全部置于主语之前的语序叫做倒装语序。而倒装可分为二种：将整个谓语提到主语之前的叫完全倒装（full inversion）；而只将be 、情态动词或者助动词放在主语之前的叫做部分倒装（partial inversion）。
一、完全倒装(1)在以here、there、now、then等副词开头的句子里。 ??? 1.Here is the seat for you.??? 2.There goes the bell. ??? 3.Now comes your turn. ??? 4.Then followed three days of
heavy rain. (2)在There be (exist、happen、live、appear、lie、occur、rise、seem、come、remain、stand等)句型中。 ??? 1.There are at least thousands of people in the square. ??? 2.There stands a tall tree in front of our school gate. (3)在象声词或以out、in、up、down、away等副词开头的句子里。 ??? 1.Crackle，crackle,crackle came the gun and the young soldier felt very frightened. ?? 2. Out rushed the children. ??? (4)当表示地点的介词词组在句首时。 ??? 1.At the foot of the hill lies a beautiful lake. ??? 2.The soldiers ran to the building, on the top of which flew a flag. ??? 3.East of the lake lie two towns. ??? 4.Under the tree was lying a wounded soldier. 在上述四种句子中，如果主语为人称代词，则不需要倒装。 ??? e.g. In he came and back he went again. 二、部分倒装 (1)Only在句首，修饰副词，介词词组或状语从句时。 ??? 1.only then did he find it important to get along with others. ??? 2.Only in this way can we make great progress. ??? 3.Only after he came back were you able to see him. 以关联连词not only...but also开首的句子或者分句也是如此。 ??? Not only did they break into his office and steal his books, but they also tore up his manuscripts. ??? 位于句首的only，（包括连词not only...but also）只修饰（或连接）主语部分，则不引起倒装。 ??? Only Jack can answer this question.(2)当句首状语为否定词或带有否定含义的词语时，常见的这类词或词语有not, never, hardly, seldom, rarely, scarcely 以及not until, no sooner,...than, hardly...when, ...no...等。 1. Seldom had I seen such a beautiful picture. ? 2.Hardly had I arrived home when the phone rang. ??? 3.Not until I began to work did I realize how much time I had wasted.(MET90) ??? 4.At no time have I said such a thing. ??? 5.Not a finger did I lay on him. ??? 6.To few people does such an opportunity occur. ??? 但当否定词否定主语，否定词组不含否定含义，或者句首状语的否定意义已为随后的另一名词所抵消，此时则不需要倒装。 ??? 1.Not a leaf had fallen from the trees though autumn was well advanced. ??? 2.In no time the locusts came clown and started eating everything. ??? 3.Not infrequently they go abroad.(3)在省去if的虚拟条件从句中。 ??? 1.Should I be free this afternoon,I would come and help you with your lesson. ??? 2.Were I in your place. I would not be fit for your job. ??? 3.Had it not been for the captain, the ship would have sunk with all on board. ??? 我们可以说Were it not...或者Had it not been...,但不可以说Weren’ t it... 或者hadn’t it been.. .因此下列句子应视为病句。 ??? Weren’t it for his wife’s money, he would never be a director. (4)在So ...that, to such...that 或者in such ...that的句型中。 ??? 1.So excited was he that he couldn't say a word.
??? 2.To such lengths did she go in rehearsal that two actors walked out. ??? 3.In such a hurry did the man rush out that he almost knocked me down. (5)当So位于句首，表示前面所说的情况也适用于另一人（或物）时。 ??? I trusted him completely. So would anyone who knew him. ??? 在So it is (was)with 的句型或者当So表示“的确如此，确实是这样”，以示同意和肯定某种说法，或者加以强调时，常常不引起倒装。 ??? 1.Jack studies German, but he doesn't study French. So it is with Jim. ??? 2.“It’s going to be a cold winter.” ??? “Yes, So the newspaper says.” ??? 3.Li Ping studies hard. So he does. ??? 因此我们常常可看到下列这类句子。 ??? You say Tom went to the ball yesterday. So he did, and so did I. (6) 当neither nor位于句首，表示前面否定的内容也适用于另一人或物时；或者表示否定的意义在延伸的时候。 ??? 1.“I didn't mean what I said, you know.” ??? “Neither (Nor) did I”. ??? 2.I don’t know. Neither (Nor) do I care. ??? 注意Neither nor的特殊用法。 ??? 1.Just as I haven’t good eyes, so neither has my son, neither have my children.(当just as...,so...用于否定句时，只用neither.) ??? 2.If he doesn't go, neither will I. （在if条件句后用来引起一个主句时，只能用 Neither.） ??? 3.You can’t do it, nor can I, nor can anybody else.（连续多次否定，常用nor）。 (7)当方式状语、频度状语等提至句首时，有时也可引起部分倒装。 ??? 1.Well do I remember the day that I saw a terrible accident on that road. ??? 2.Many a time has he given me good advice. （8）用于“形容词（或名词、动词）”+as(though) 引导的让步状语从句中
Pretty as she is , she is not clever.
Try as he would, he might fail again.
Child as he was, he had to make a living.
注：从句的表语是名词，其名词前不加任何冠词(9)有时为了平衡句子的需要，以避免头重脚轻之感。 ??? 1.Gone forever are the dark days of the old society. ??? 2.Such are the rewards that always crown virtue.(Shakespeare) 在以上各类句型中，如果谓语动词只有系动词be，则这类句子应属于全倒装。
So small was the mark that I could hardly see it
巧记倒装句在带有倒装句的复合句（或并列句）中，到底应在何处倒装，不少初学者觉得难以掌握。下面的顺口溜可以帮助你较容易地掌握其结构形式。
前倒后不①，??????????????????????????
O，NU主倒从不倒②，
2N前倒后也倒③，?????????????????????
NM前后均不倒④。
①NB代表Not only…，but also…引导的并列句。 not only位于句首时，所引导的前面的分句倒装，后面的分句不倒装。故此称为“前倒后不倒”。如：
1）Not only did he come，but also he was very happy．
2）Not only was everything that he had taken away from him ，but also his German citizenship（was taken away）．
②O代表only＋状语从句；NU代表Not until＋状语从句。此两种结构位于句首时，倒装主句而不倒装从句，即：“主倒从不倒”。如：
1）Only when he told me did I know it．
2）Not until I began to work did I realize how much time I had wasted．
No sooner…than…，Hardly／Scarcely…when…等句型也属此类用法。如：
No sooner（Hardly） had we reached home than（when）it began to rain．
③2N代表Neither…nor…所引导的并列句。2N若位于两分句之首，则前后分句均倒装。即“前倒后也倒”。如：
Neither do I know her name，nor does he.
④NM即No matter…引导的状语从句。此时前面从句及后面主句均不倒装。即“前后均不倒”。如：
No matter how busy he is，he always comes to help us．
倒装句中主谓何时不倒装在需要倒装的种种句型中，有时主语和谓语并不需倒装，大致可归纳如下几种：
　　1.疑问句中，如果疑问词作主语或主语的修饰语，主谓不倒装。如：
　　What happened to her？
　　她出了什么事？
　　How many persons are working in that laboratory？有多少人在那间实验室里工作？
2.在以in，out，back，up，down，off，away，here，there等副词开头的句子中，如果主语是人称代词，主谓不倒装。如：
　　Away he went to the station.他到车站去了。
　　Here she comes.她来了。
3.如果置于句首的由only引导的词组不是状语，而是主语，则主谓不倒装。如：
　　Only the teachers are allowed to use this room.
　　只有教师可以使用这个房间。
　　Only some of the children like English.
　　只有一些孩子喜欢英语。
　4.如果置于句首的 not only…but also…仅连接作主语的两个并列词组，则主语和谓语不倒装。如：
　　Not only men but also women and children are affected by the new law.新法律不仅对男人，而且对妇女和儿童也有影响。 5.把副词性替代词so提前，如果两句的主语相同，且后者只是进一步肯定或强调前者，so后面的语序不倒装。如：
　　—It's raining.下雨了。
　　—So it is.是下雨了。
　　—Bob didn't know about it.
　　—So he didn't.
　　鲍勃不知道这件事。
　　他确实不知道。
6.以 so开头的句型，如果是so it is（was） with+另一主语，此时，主语和谓语不倒装。如：
　　Marx was born in Germany and German was his native language.So it was with Engels.
　　马克思出生在德国，德语是他的母语，恩格斯也是如此。 1. Only when you have obtained sufficient data ______ come to a sound conclusion.
a. can you b. you can c. would you d. you would
2. ______ that this region was so rich in natural resources.
a. Little he knew b. Little did he know
c. Little he did know d. Little he had known
3. Never again ______ political office after his 1928 defeat for the presidency.
a. Alfred E. Smith seriously sought b. seriously Alfred E. Smith soughtc. when did Alfred E. Smith seriously seek d. did Alfred E. Smith seriously seek
4. Only in recent years ______ begun to realize that wild dogs, kept within bounds, often do more good than harm.
a. people have b. since people have c. have people d. people who have
5. _______, we were not going to make any concessions to his unreasonable demands.
a. What may come b. Come what may c. May what come d. What come6. Not until I shouted at the top of my voice ______ his head.
a. that he turned b. did he turn c. he didn’t turn d. he had turned
7. ______ received law degrees as today.
a. Never so women have b. The women aren’t ever
c. Women who have never d. Never have so many women
8. Heat does not travel by convection in solid, because the solid does not move, ______.
a. so does a liquid b. so a liquid does c. as does a liquid d. so is a liquid
9. On no account ______ to anyone.
a. my name must be mentioned b. must my name mention
c. must my name be mentioned d. my name must mention
10. ______ that they may eventually reduce the amount of labor needed on construction sites by 90 percent.
a. Such construction robots are clever b. So clever the construction robots arec. So clever are the construction robots d. Such clever construction robots are11. ______ do we go for picnics.
a. Certainly b. Sometimes c. Seldom d. Once
12. ______ is it only the ignorant and ill-educated person who has such faith in the bottle of medicine.
a. Either b. Often c. Nor d. Usually
13. Her answer is not acceptable, and ______.
a. neither am I b. either is mine c. neither is mine d. mine is neither
14. ______, I must do another experiment.
a. Be it ever so late b. It is ever so late
c. It be ever so late d. So late it be ever
15. So fast ______ that it is difficult for us to imagine its speed.
a. light travel b. travels the light c. do light travel d. does light travel16. A sneeze cannot be performed voluntarily, ______ be easily suppressed.
a. nor it can b. nor can it c. it cannot d. and cannot it
17. ______ notebook and report that I promised you last week.
a. Here is the b. Here are the c. Is here the d. Are here the
18. ______ a little more time to think, he might have acted more sensibly.
a. If he took b. If he has taken c. had he taken d. Should he take
19. Beneath our feet ______ that our life depends on for food and clothing.
a. the earth lay b. the earth lies c. lie the earth d. lies the earth
20. ______ the beginning of the 19th century did scientists know that all matter is made up of atoms.
a. At b. By c. Up to d. Not until 21. Hardly ______ he got out of the court ______ the reporters raised a lot of questions to him.
a. had … when b. had…than c. did…when d. has…than
22. Among these books ______ a dictionary that his father gave him as a birthday present.
a. have included b. is included c. has included d. are included
23. No longer are contributions to computer technology confined to any one country; ______ is this more true than in Europe.
a. nowhere b. hardly c. little d. seldom
24. Important ______ his discovery was, it was regarded as a matter of no account in his time.
a. to b. for c. as d. although
25. According to the periodic table, ______ still some elements undiscovered.
a. there seem to be b. it seems c. it seems to be d. here seems26. Here ______ you want to see.
a. the manager comes b. comes the manager
c. comes a manager d. is coming a manager
27. Barry can hardly drive a car, ______.
a. so can’t Molly b. can’t Molly either c. Molly can’t too d. neither can Molly
28. _______ for the leadership of the Party, we should not have succeeded.
a. Had not it been b. Had it not been c. There was d. Is there
29. ______ no air or water, there would be no life in the world.
a. Were there b. There are c. There was d. Is there
30. Not only ______ the data fed into it, but it can also analyze them.
a. the computer can memorize b. can the computer memorize c. do the computer memorize d. can memorize the computer31. Not once ______ his view of life.
a. did the gentleman mention b. the gentleman mentioned that
c. the gentleman mentioned d. does gentleman mentioned
32. By no means ______ their own language well.
a. it is true that all English people know
b. is it true that do all English people know
c. it is true that do all English people know
d. is it true that all English people know
33. The molecules of gases move more freely than ______.
a. do liquids and solids b. liquids and solids do
c. do those of liquids and solids d. those do of liquids and solids
34. The world’s birth rates are on a decline and ______ are the death rates.
a. so b. also c. too d. the same
35. _____ is the volume of chemical goods.
a. Constantly growing too b. Too constantly growing
c. Growing constant to d. Too growing constant36. Many a time _______ me with my English study.
a. have he helped b. has he helped c. he have helped d. did he have helped
37. Typical of the new type of young people ______, who set a shining example to the whole nation.
a. was Lei Feng b. Were Lei Feng c. Lei Feng was d. Lei Feng were
38. What Mr. Smith did was important , but ______.
a. more important the way of he did things was
b. the way of he did things was more important
c. more important was the way he did things
d. more important the way were he did things
39. She didn’t want to buy it, ______.
a. however good was it b. however good it was
c. for how good might it be d. for how good it might be
40. ______ , it is always possible to find out its volume.
a. Whatever the shape of a body may be
b. The shape of a body may be whatever
c. May whatever the shape of a body be
d. Whatever may the shape of a body be41. I won’t pay $20 for the coat; it’s not worth ______.
a. all that much b. that much all c. that all much d. much all that
42. Hot air accompanied by high relative humidity feels warmer than ______.
a. is it actually b. it actually is c. actually it is d. actually is it
43. Qingdao is usually cool in summer, but Nanjing ______.
a. is rarely b. scarcely is c. hardly is d. rarely is
44. David, something important has happened. I wish to ______.
a. talk it over with you b. talk over it c. talk over d. talk you over it
45. ______, more than 200 houses and buildings are heated by solar energy, not to mention the big cities in the region.
a. Alone in the small town b. In the small alone town
c. In the small town alone d. In the alone small town46. Geysers are found new near rivers and lakes, where water drains through the soil ______.
a. surface below the deep b. deep below the surface
c. the deep below surface d. the deep surface below
47. The wallflower ______ because its weak stems often grow on walls and along stony cliffs for support.
a. so called is b. so is called c. is so called d. called is so
48. The history of painting is a fascination chain of evens that probably began with ______.
a. ever made the very first pictures
b. the ever made very first pictures
c. the very first ever made pictures
d. the very first pictures ever made
49. On the side of the hill, there is ______ which was once the entrance to a gold mine.
a. a deep hole in ground b. a hole deep in ground
c. a deep hole in the ground d. a deep in the ground hole
50. Will the boy who has taken my pen brine ______.
a. back to me b. it back to me c. back it to me d. it to me back