高考必会句型[下学期]
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高考必会句型
1． What / How / Why / Where…+ do you think /believe/suppose…+主语+谓语
例: When do you suppose they will be back √
When do you suppose will they be back ×
Do you suppose when they will be back ×
对比: Do you know when they will be back
2. so… that…与 such…that…
⑴ such + a / an + adj. + 单数可数名词 + that 从句
so + adj. + a / an + 单数可数名词 + that 从句
e.g It is such an important day that we can never forget it
It is so important a day that we can never forget it.
⑵ such + adj. + 可数名词复数 / 不可数名词 + that 从句
e.g It is such fine weather that we can go anywhere.
They are such interesting books that we want to buy them.
⑶ so + many / much / few / little + adj. + 名词 + that 从句
e.g There are so many interesting books that I want to buy all of them.
注: 当 “ little ”表示 “小”的含义时根据情况参看⑴,⑵
e.g He is such a little boy that he can’t do it.
He is so little a boy that he can’t do it.
They are such little boys that they can’t do it.
⑷ so + adj. /adv. + that 从句
e.g He runs so fast that I can’t follow him.
The book is so interesting that I can’t drop it.
注: 以上句型可能以倒装形式出现,例如: So small is the mark that we could hardly see it.
3. so that / in order that / so as to / in order to
引导目的状语从句,in order to 可以位于句首,so as to 不可以位于句首.
e.g In order to go to college ,he worked hard.
He worked hard in order to / so as to go to college.
He worked hard in order that / so that he could go to college.
注: so that 还可以用来引导结果状语从句,用逗号与主句隔开
e.g He worked hard, so that he went to college.
4. so + adj. / adv. + as ( not ) to do 如此…以至于(不)…
e.g He worked so carefully as not to notice me.
注: Would you be so kind as to do… 固定句型表示”劳驾…”相当于
Would you be good enough to do…
e.g Would you be so kind as to / be good enough to help me
5. so + adj. + a / an + n. + as ( not ) not to do 如此…以至于(不)…
e.g He is so clever a boy as to answer the question.
6. as…as…与 so…as…
as well / long / far /soon /good as 的本意与含意以及 as…as…与 so…as…的区别
7. so much for sth. =That’s all for sth.表示 就到…结束
e.g So much for today. =That’s all for today. 今天就到此结束.
8. I think / believe / suppose / imagine / guess / say / tell / speak / expect / do…+ so/not （不）是这样，（不）是如此
e.g I think so. I don’t think so =I think not
I believe so. I don’t believe so=I believe not
可以说 I hope so./I hope not. 绝不可以说 I don’t hope so.
可以说 I’m afraid so./I’m afraid not. . 绝不可以说I’m not afraid so.
其他含有”so”的短语:
If so 如果是这样 How so？ 怎么会这样呢？
Why so？为什么会这样呢？ Is that so？是这么回事吗？
Quite so！正是这样 So what？那又怎样呢？
Even so。 即使这样 So long！再见
So far 迄今为止 and so on/forth 等等
So-called 所谓的 just so是这样
Just so so。 一般 or so 大约
So and so 某某人，某某事
9. So do / does / did …sb. 某人也如此（肯定意义）
So sb. do / does / did… 某人确实是这样（表赞同）
Sb. do / does / did… 某人这样做了
Neither / Nor do / does / did sb. 某人也如此（ 否定意义）
So it is / was with sb. 某人也如此（肯定意义或否定意义）
e g ⑴ ----He likes swimming。
----So do I.
⑵ ----He likes swimming.
----So he does.
⑶ ----The teacher asked me to stand up,and I did so.
⑷ ----He doesn’t swimming.
----Neither / Nor do I.
⑸ ----He likes swimming but doesn’t like boating.
----So it is with me.
10. Such was Einstein. / Such were his words.
11. too…to… “太…以至于不”, 可以与 not…euough 句型替换
e.g He is too young to go to school.
= He is not old enough to go to school.
= He is so young that he can’t go to school.
注 too…to… 句型在下列情况下表示肯定意义
⑴ 当too 被only /but 修饰时 e.g He is only too pleased to see you.
⑵ 当 too 修饰的形容词为 ready，easy，pleased，glad，willing，easy，
anxious等时 e.g The question is too easy to answer.
⑶ 当 too…to…用于否定句时
e.g You are too angry not to say so. 你在气愤之下,不免要说出那样的话来.
You are never too old to learn. 活到老,学到老.
12. can not / never…too 和 can not / never… enough 表示“越…越好” “无论…
也不过分”
e.g You can’t be too careful. 小心为妙.
We can’t praise him too much. 我们无论怎样表扬他也不过分.
I can’t thank you enough. 我无法表达对你的感激.
13. too much 与 much too
e.g He is much too pleased to see you.
He has too much work to do.
He drank too much.
The long walk is too much for th old man.
14. too far 与 far too
e.g The top of the hill is too far for us to reach.
There are far too much work / far too many jobs to do.
15. It 作形式主语引导的句型
⑴ It is a pity / a shame / a fact / an honour / a wonder / a surprise / a success
/ a failure / a joy…+ that 从句
注 句型中的名词要具体化,对比下面的特殊表达
It is good news / good manners / no wonder / no fun …+ that 从句
⑵ It is strange / natural / surprising / impossible / unusual…+ that从句
注 句型中的谓语动词要虚拟,即 should+v
e.g It is surprising that he should come.
⑶ It seems / (so) happen (to sb.) / turn out / come about / strike sb. / occure to sb… + that从句
⑷ It is said / reported / thought / believed / well known (to sb.) / expected /
decided / arranged / announced…+ that从句
⑸ It is a question / a mystery / doubtful / uncertain/ /not decided / not known
/to be found out / to be decided / being discussed…+whether/when/where/
what/how…从句
⑹ It doesn’t matter / doesn’t make too much difference / doesn’t seem to
matter much… + whether/when/where/what/how…从句
⑺ It goes without saying…
16. It is (high/about ) time that sb should do / sb. did sth.
e.g It is high time that we should go to school / went to school.
It is time for sth.
It is time to do sth.
It is time for sb. to do sth.
17. It takes (sb.) as long as + 时间 + to do
e.g It will takes me as long as two years to finish the book.
18. It seems / looks as if / as though +虚拟语气
19. It is (just) like sb. to do 某人(恰恰)就是这个样子
e.g It is just like him to think of others before thinking of himself.
It is not like sb. to do 某人不是这个样子
e.g It is not like her to have missed two days of classes.
20. It is / will be long before从句 “要过很久才”
e.g It will be long before we meet again.
It is / will be not long before从句 “没过多久就”
e.g It was not long before we met again.
注 句型中的long 可用 hours,days,weeks,years 等表示时间段的短语替换
21. It is / has been…since+一般过去时 或 It was …since+过去完成时
e.g It is / has been five years since I joined the army.
= It was five years since I had joined the army.
注 It is / has been five years since I left here.
=I t is / has been five years since I lived here.
22. It is sb’s first / second / third…time that sb. have / has done sth.
It was sb’s first / second / third…time that sb.had done sth.
e.g It is my first time that I have been here.
= It was my first time that I had been here.
23. It is up to sb. to do sth. 由某人决定作…
e.g It is up to you to decide where to go.
24. It all depends. / It depends on / upon sth.
25. It is /was +被强调部分+that…
1）强调句的基本句型： It is/was+所强调的成份+that/who/whom+其它成份。 如：
原句：I met Li Ming at the railway station yesterday.
（我昨天在火车站遇到李明。）
强调主语：It was I that/who met Li Ming at the railway station yesterday.
（是我昨天在火车站遇到李明的。）
强调宾语：It was Li Ming that/thom I met at the railway station yesterday.
(我昨天在火车站遇到的是李明。)
强调地点状语：I was at the railway station that I met Li Ming yesterday.
（我昨天是在火车站遇到李明的。）
强调时间状语：It was yesterday that I met Li Ming at the railway yesterday.
（我是昨天在火车站遇到李明的。）
2） 强调句的一般疑问句型： Is/Was+it+所强调的成分+that/who/whom
如：
Was it you that met Li Ming at the railway station yesterday？
3） 强调句的特殊疑问句型： 疑问词+is/was+it+ that/who/whom..
如: Who was it that met Li Ming at the railway station yesterday？
⑷强调句的特殊疑问句用于宾语从句：主句+疑问词+it+is/was +that/who/whom
如：I want to know who it was that met Li Ming at the
railway station yesterday？
⑸ “not… until” 用于强调句中
原句：He didn‘t go to bed until his father came back。
强调句：It was not until his father came back that he went to bed。
附：强调谓语动词的方法：强调句型不能强调谓语，要强调谓语动词，可借助
于助动词do。如： You do look well。
He does like music。
I did forget your birthday。
Do be careful。
对比： It was five o‘clock when he came back home。
It was at five o‘clock that he came back home。
It was not long before he came back。
It was five years since he had joined the army。
25. It doesn’t pay to do sth. “做…是不值的”
e.g. It doesn’t pay to argue with him. 同他争吵是不值的.
26. It all depends. 看情况了. It depends on sth. 看…的情况了
It serves you right. 活该
27. Sb. take it for granted that… 认为…是理所当然的
e.g. Children take it for granted that parents must provide money for them.
28. Sb. see to it that… 务必…
e.g. Please see to it that the door is locked.
29. Sb. think / believe / consider / imagine / feel / make / find …+it+ n. / adj.+to do
e.g. We find it important to learn English.
We think it our duty to make our country beautiful.
30. Sb. think / believe / consider / imagine / feel / make / find …+it+ n.(no good /
no use / a waste of time…)+ doing
e.g. We find it no good helping him.
31. It is +adj.+ of / for +sb.+ to do.
32. It is +(no / any / some / much / little…) use / good / a waste of time+ doing
33. There be 句型的变形结构
⑴ There +情态动词(may/might/must/should/can’t/ought to/used to…)+be
e.g. There used to be a shop at the corner of the street.
⑵ There +seem/happen + to be
e.g. There happens to be a bus.
⑶ There + live/stand/fly/flow/float/lie/exist…+sb./sth.
e.g. There lived a monk in the temple.
34. There is no need for sth./to do sth. 没必要…
e.g. There is no need for alarm.
There is no need to hurry.
35. There is (no /little/some…)+time / place…+left for sth. / to do sth.
e.g. There is no time left for us.
There is little time left to
36. There is a/no/little chance of sb. doing sth. (没)有可能…
e.g. There is always a chance of the weak defeating the strong.
37. There is no doing… 不可能…
e.g. There is no knowing what he is doing.
38. Here,there,out,in,up,down等方位副词在句首时,要全部倒装.
e.g. There goes the bell. Here comes the bus.
Away went the boy. Here is a letter for you.
注：当句子的主语为人称代词时，句子不倒装。
e.g. There he comes. Here it is. Away he went.
39. 以Now / Then 开头的句子要全部倒装.
e.g. Now comes your turn to recite the text.
Then came the day we had been looking forward to.
Then followed eight years of war.
40. Only+状语(词组或句子) 句子部分倒装
e.g. Only in a big city can you see it.
Only when the war was over in 1949 was he able to go back home.
41. Seldom / Hardly / Little / Never / Scarcely / Rarely…等否定副词在句首,句子
部分倒装
e.g. Never shall I forget it.
42. Not only+部分倒装…,but also+不倒装句子
e.g. Not only did he like it,but also he stuck to it.
43. Not until +状语+部分倒装
e.g. Not until she saw the present did she feel happy.
44. Hardly / Scarcely / Rarely +过去完成时的部分倒装+when / before…
e.g. Hardly had he finished the talk when /before a man stood up.
45. No sooner +过去完成时的部分倒装+than…
e.g. No sooner had he finished the talk than a man stood up.
46. Neither+部分倒装…,nor +部分倒装
e.g. Neither do I know him nor do I care about him.
47. 倒装表虚拟
⑴ Were I you (= If I were you),I would do it better.
⑵ Had I known your address(=If I had known your address),I would have
visited you.
⑶ Should it rained / Were it to rain (= If it rained / If it were to rain) tomorrow,
we would not go.
48. 倒装表让步
⑴ Child as he is (=Though/Although he is a child),he knows a lot.
⑵ Young as he is (=Though/Although he is very young),he learns a lot.
⑶ Hard as he worked (=Though/Although he worked hard),he failed.
⑷ Try as he could (=Though/Although he could try),he didn't try.
⑸ Try as he did (=Though/Although he tried),he failed.
注: 倒装表让步时,as 也可以用though代替.
49. 倒装表祝愿 句型为"May + sb. + v."
e.g. May you succeed. May you be healthy. May you be lucky.
对比: Long live China！Long live our friendship！
50. So…that…用于倒装句中
e.g. So fast did he run that I could hardly keep up with him.
51. 表语前置,句子要全部倒装
e.g. Gone forever are the days when women are looked down upon.
52. 地点状语位于句首时,句子要全部倒装.
e.g. Under a tree was sitting a boy.
On the bed lay a sick lady.
53. 当At no time / In no way / On no account / Under no circumstance 位于句
首时,句子要部分倒装.
e.g. At no time did I hurt him. 我决不会伤害他.
On no account are visitors allowed to feed animals. 游客不得喂动物.
54虚拟语气用于条件句中
⑴. 对现在的虚拟
虚拟条件句 主句
一般过去时(be用were) Should/would/could/might+do
e.g. If I were you,I would help him.
If I knew his number now,I could call him.
⑵. 对过去的虚拟
虚拟条件句 主句
Had+done Should/would/could/might+had done
e.g. If I had come here yesterday,I would have seen him.
⑶. 对将来的虚拟
虚拟条件句 主句
一般过去时(be用were)should+dowere to +do Should/would/could/might+do
e.g. If it rained tomorrow,I would stay at home.
If it should rain tomorrow, I would stay at home.
If it were to rain tomorrow, I would stay at hom
55. 混和虚拟语气,有时候,条件从句表示的动作和主句表示的动作发生的时间
是不一致.这时,动作的形式要根据表示的时间来调整.
e.g. If the weather had been better,the crops would be growing better.
If he had received more votes, he would be our chairman now.
56.含蓄虚拟语气,有时假设的情况不以条件从句表示出来,而是通过一个介
词短语来表示.
e.g. What would you do with a million dollars
We could have done better under more favourable conditions.
But for the doctor,he could have died.
=If it had not heen for the doctor,he could have died.
57.insist, order, command, propose, advise,suggest,request,demand,ask,desire,
require …+that sb.(should) do.
e.g. He demanded that he (should) be given another chance.
注 : 当suggest表示“建议” 之意时,其后的宾语从句虚拟. 当suggest
表示“暗示,表明”之意时,其后的宾语从句不虚拟.
e.g. He suggested that we (should) set off right away.
His smile suggested that he was very happy.
当insist表达“坚持要求” 之意时,其后的宾语从句虚拟.当insist
表达“坚持认为” 之意时,其后的宾语从句不虚拟.
e.g. He insisted that we (should) discuss it.
He insisted that he was right.
58.suggestion,demand,order,proposal,request,advice,desire等名词所引导的
表语从句和同位语从句也要虚拟，即(should)+do.
e.g. My demand is that you (should) get up early.
What do you think of his proposal that we (should) put on a new
play.
59.It is suggested / requested / desired / proposed / ordered…+ that sb.(should) do
e.g. It is suggested that we (should) study medicine.
60.由wish,as if / as though(好象),if only(但愿)引导的从句也要虚拟,即把从句的时态向前推一个时态,对现在的虚拟用一般过去时,过去的虚拟用过去完成时,将来的虚拟用过去将来时.
e.g. I wish I were as strong as you now.
I wish I had seen you yesterday.
I wish I would go to the seaside tomorrow.
注: as if/as though 引导的从句如果发生的可能性很大,不用虚拟语气.
e.g. He speaks as if he were an American.
The sky is cloudy.So it looks as if it is going to rain.
61.“no matter + 疑问词”句型 / “疑问词+ever ”句型
no matter how / what / when / where / who…用来引导让步状语从句,分别可用
however,whatever,whenever,wherever,whoever…代替.
e.g. No matter what he says(=Whatever he says),I won’t believe him.
No matter how great the difficulties may be(=However great the
difficulties may be),they always finish their tasks. 注意划线部分的语序.
注: ⑴ 这种让步状语从句也可放在主句之后,如:
Don’t trust him,no matter what / whatever he says.
⑵ “疑问词+ever”句型还可以引导名词性从句,而“no matter +
疑问词”的句型无此功能.
e.g. 正确表达: Whatever he says matters little. (主语从句)
错误表达: No matter what he says matters little.
正确表达: You can see however hard he works. (宾语从句)
错误表达: You can see no matter how hard he works.
⑶ no matter whose 可引导让步状语从句,但没有相应的whosever
一词.如:
e.g. No matter Whose baggage it is,it will be kept until the owner
returns.
⑷ wherever 还可以引导地点状语从句,no matter where 无此功能.
e.g. I’ll go wherever he goes.
⑸ 不存在no matter whether一词.
62.由with引导的独立主格结构,with 可以省略
⑴ with + 名词/代词 + doing 表示主动或进行
e.g. With the old man leading us, we started towards the mountains.
Now he could walk only with Tom supporting him.
⑵ with + 名词/代词 + done 表示被动
e.g. The man was brought in,with his hands tied back.
He lay on his back,with his hands crossed under his head and his
eyes closed.
⑶ with + 名词/代词 + adj.
e.g. He stood up,with his face red and his mouth open.
With the weather so cloudy and close,ten to one it will rain soon.
⑷ with + 名词/代词 + adv.
e.g. The street looked more beautiful with all lights on.
He put on his socks with wrong side out.
⑸ with + 名词/代词 + 介词短语
e.g. I stood at his left,with my finger on the button,waiting for the order.
He entered the room,with a gun in his hand.
注: 本结构还可以用“秃头表示法”,即把名词前的修饰词和with 一起
去掉.
如: with a gun in his hand = gun in hand
with my finger on the button = finger on button
⑹ with + 名词/代词 + to do 表示将来,常主动表被动
e.g. With a lot of homework to do ,he couldn’t go out.
With him to help you ,you will make great progress.
63.what / how引导的感叹句
⑴ what +a/an+ adj.+单数可数名词+主语+谓语
=How+adj.+a/an+单数可数名词+主语+谓语
e.g. What a fine day it is！=How fine a day it is！
⑵ what+adj.+可数复数/不可数名词+主语+谓语
e.g. What fine weather it is！ What good students they are！
⑶ how+adj./adv. +主语+谓语
e.g. How lucky she is！ How hard he works ！
⑷ how +主语+谓语 e.g. How (fast) time flies！
⑸ what +主语+谓语 e.g. What (great) fun it is to jump into water！
64.“…怎么样”的句型
⑴ How about/ What about +sb./sth./doing .用来询问消息,提出建议,征求
意见.
e.g. Your brother is a doctor,what about you
How about/ what about having a game of chess
⑵ What is ……like 用来询问人的品质,长相或事物的外观以及天
气.
e.g. What is your mother like 你的妈妈性格,品质怎么样
What is the earth like 地球是什么样子
What is the weather like
⑶ What does……look like 用来询问人的长相.
e.g. What does your new teacher look like
⑷ How do you like… / What do you think of … 用来询问对某人,某物
的看法,评价.
e.g. How do you like / What do you think of the film TITANIC
⑸ How is… 若主语为人,表示人的身体情况怎么样, 若主语为物,表
示该事物的一般情况.
e.g. How is your father 你父亲的身体情况怎么样
How are the things in your family 你家的情况怎么样
⑹ How are you getting along /on with… 用来询问学习,工作的进展情
况或与人相处的情况.
e.g. How are you getting along with your study recently
How are you getting along with your classmates
65. with结构表“随着”
e.g. With time going on (=As time went on),he began to miss his home.
66. With结构表“尽管”
e.g. With all his shortcomings,he was a good teacher.
With all his advantages,he was not proud.
67. with结构表“具有”
e.g. China is a large country with a history of 5000 years.
China is a large country with a population of 1.3 billion.
China is a large country with an area of 9.6 million square kilometers.
68. The problem with…is that… “…方面的问题是…”
e.g. The problem with electrical signals is that they get weaker and weaker.
69. All the best (with / to sb.in sth.) 祝某人某方面万事如意
70. ‘d 句型
⑴ I’d like (sb.) + (not) +to do I’d = I would / should
⑵ You’d better (not) do You’d = You had
⑶ I’d rather (not) do I’d = I would
注: ① I’d rather do …than do… = I’d do… rather than do…
e.g. I’d rather die than surrender. 我宁愿死也不愿投降.
② I’d rather sb. did sth. 对现在或将来的虚拟
e.g. I’d rather you stayed at home now.
③ I’d rather sb. had done sth对过去的虚拟
e.g. I’d rather you had died yesterday. .
⑷ I’d prefer (sb.) (not) to do
注: ① prefer sb./sth to sb./sth.
② prefer doing to doing
③ prefer to do rather than do
⑸ I’d love (sb.) (not) to do I’d = I would
71. be in / on / at / under + 名词 表示正在进行
⑴ be in danger/use/power/love/office/high spirits/state
⑵ be on holiday/vacation/sale/duty/watch/business/show/strike/a visit to/leave
⑶ be at work/play/war/peace/dinner/table/school/class/ease(稍息)/sea
attention/supper/breakfast/lunch
⑷ be under construction/repair/control/treatment/way/the weather(不舒服)
72. be of +adj.+ 抽象名词 = be +adv. + adj
e.g. The dictionary is of great use .= The dictionary is very useful.
The book is of no value. = The book is not valuable.
73. be of a + 名词 表示属于同一…
e.g. They are of a size / color / kind / age ….
=They are of the same size / color / kind / age 它们属于同一尺寸/颜
色/种类/年龄
74. hit/strike/beat/touch/pat/look/shake…sb.+in/on/to+the +身体部位
表示“击打/接触…的部位” 柔软、凹陷的部位用in ; 坚硬、
突出的部位用on ; 方式用by.
e.g. The boy hit the old man in the face / in the stomach /on the nose/on the back.
The boy lead the cow by the nose. The mother caught the boy by the arm.
注意：（1）强调状语时，连接词只用that，强调人时，则还可用who
（在从句中作主语）或whom（在从句中作宾语）。
（2）原句的谓语动词时态是一般过去时、过去进行时和过去完成时，用It was，其他时态用It is
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1
1． What / How / Why / Where…+ do you think /believe/suppose…+主语+谓语
例: When do you suppose they will be back √
When do you suppose will they be back ×
Do you suppose when they will be back ×
对比: Do you know when they will be back
2. so… that…与 such…that…
⑴ such + a / an + adj. + 单数可数名词 + that 从句
so + adj. + a / an + 单数可数名词 + that 从句
e.g It is such an important day that we can never forget it
It is so important a day that we can never forget it.
⑵ such + adj. + 可数名词复数 / 不可数名词 + that 从句
e.g It is such fine weather that we can go anywhere.
They are such interesting books that we want to buy them.
⑶ so + many / much / few / little + adj. + 名词 + that 从句
e.g There are so many interesting books that I want to buy all of them.
注: 当 “ little ”表示 “小”的含义时根据情况参看⑴,⑵
e.g He is such a little boy that he can’t do it.
He is so little a boy that he can’t do it.
They are such little boys that they can’t do it.
⑷ so + adj. /adv. + that 从句
e.g He runs so fast that I can’t follow him.
The book is so interesting that I can’t drop it.
注: 以上句型可能以倒装形式出现,例如: So small is the mark that we could hardly see it.
3. so that / in order that / so as to / in order to
引导目的状语从句,in order to 可以位于句首,so as to 不可以位于句首.
e.g In order to go to college ,he worked hard.
He worked hard in order to / so as to go to college.
He worked hard in order that / so that he could go to college.
注: so that 还可以用来引导结果状语从句,用逗号与主句隔开
e.g He worked hard, so that he went to college.
4. so + adj. / adv. + as ( not ) to do 如此…以至于(不)…
e.g He worked so carefully as not to notice me.
注: Would you be so kind as to do… 固定句型表示”劳驾…”相当于
Would you be good enough to do…
e.g Would you be so kind as to / be good enough to help me
5. so + adj. + a / an + n. + as ( not ) not to do 如此…以至于(不)…
e.g He is so clever a boy as to answer the question.
6. as…as…与 so…as…
as well / long / far /soon /good as 的本意与含意以及 as…as…与 so…as…的区别
7. so much for sth. =That’s all for sth.表示 就到…结束
e.g So much for today. =That’s all for today. 今天就到此结束.
8. I think / believe / suppose / imagine / guess / say / tell / speak / expect / do…+ so/not （不）是这样，（不）是如此
e.g I think so. I don’t think so =I think not
I believe so. I don’t believe so=I believe not
可以说 I hope so./I hope not. 绝不可以说 I don’t hope so.
可以说 I’m afraid so./I’m afraid not. . 绝不可以说I’m not afraid so.
其他含有”so”的短语:
If so 如果是这样 How so？ 怎么会这样呢？
Why so？为什么会这样呢？ Is that so？是这么回事吗？
Quite so！正是这样 So what？那又怎样呢？
Even so。 即使这样 So long！再见
So far 迄今为止 and so on/forth 等等
So-called 所谓的 just so是这样
Just so so。 一般 or so 大约
So and so 某某人，某某事
9. So do / does / did …sb. 某人也如此（肯定意义）
So sb. do / does / did… 某人确实是这样（表赞同）
Sb. do / does / did… 某人这样做了
Neither / Nor do / does / did sb. 某人也如此（ 否定意义）
So it is / was with sb. 某人也如此（肯定意义或否定意义）
e g ⑴ ----He likes swimming。
----So do I.
⑵ ----He likes swimming.
----So he does.
⑶ ----The teacher asked me to stand up,and I did so.
⑷ ----He doesn’t swimming.
----Neither / Nor do I.
⑸ ----He likes swimming but doesn’t like boating.
----So it is with me.
10. Such was Einstein. / Such were his words.
11. too…to… “太…以至于不”, 可以与 not…euough 句型替换
e.g He is too young to go to school.
= He is not old enough to go to school.
= He is so young that he can’t go to school.
注 too…to… 句型在下列情况下表示肯定意义
⑴ 当too 被only /but 修饰时 e.g He is only too pleased to see you.
⑵ 当 too 修饰的形容词为 ready，easy，pleased，glad，willing，easy，
anxious等时 e.g The question is too easy to answer.
⑶ 当 too…to…用于否定句时
e.g You are too angry not to say so. 你在气愤之下,不免要说出那样的话来.
You are never too old to learn. 活到老,学到老.
12. can not / never…too 和 can not / never… enough 表示“越…越好” “无论…
也不过分”
e.g You can’t be too careful. 小心为妙.
We can’t praise him too much. 我们无论怎样表扬他也不过分.
I can’t thank you enough. 我无法表达对你的感激.
13. too much 与 much too
e.g He is much too pleased to see you.
He has too much work to do.
He drank too much.
The long walk is too much for th old man.
14. too far 与 far too
e.g The top of the hill is too far for us to reach.
There are far too much work / far too many jobs to do.
15. It 作形式主语引导的句型
⑴ It is a pity / a shame / a fact / an honour / a wonder / a surprise / a success
/ a failure / a joy…+ that 从句
注 句型中的名词要具体化,对比下面的特殊表达
It is good news / good manners / no wonder / no fun …+ that 从句
⑵ It is strange / natural / surprising / impossible / unusual…+ that从句
注 句型中的谓语动词要虚拟,即 should+v
e.g It is surprising that he should come.
⑶ It seems / (so) happen (to sb.) / turn out / come about / strike sb. / occure to sb… + that从句
⑷ It is said / reported / thought / believed / well known (to sb.) / expected /
decided / arranged / announced…+ that从句
⑸ It is a question / a mystery / doubtful / uncertain/ /not decided / not known
/to be found out / to be decided / being discussed…+whether/when/where/
what/how…从句
⑹ It doesn’t matter / doesn’t make too much difference / doesn’t seem to
matter much… + whether/when/where/what/how…从句
⑺ It goes without saying…
16. It is (high/about ) time that sb should do / sb. did sth.
e.g It is high time that we should go to school / went to school.
It is time for sth.
It is time to do sth.
It is time for sb. to do sth.
17. It takes (sb.) as long as + 时间 + to do
e.g It will takes me as long as two years to finish the book.
18. It seems / looks as if / as though +虚拟语气
19. It is (just) like sb. to do 某人(恰恰)就是这个样子
e.g It is just like him to think of others before thinking of himself.
It is not like sb. to do 某人不是这个样子
e.g It is not like her to have missed two days of classes.
20. It is / will be long before从句 “要过很久才”
e.g It will be long before we meet again.
It is / will be not long before从句 “没过多久就”
e.g It was not long before we met again.
注 句型中的long 可用 hours,days,weeks,years 等表示时间段的短语替换
21. It is / has been…since+一般过去时 或 It was …since+过去完成时
e.g It is / has been five years since I joined the army.
= It was five years since I had joined the army.
注 It is / has been five years since I left here.
=I t is / has been five years since I lived here.
22. It is sb’s first / second / third…time that sb. have / has done sth.
It was sb’s first / second / third…time that sb.had done sth.
e.g It is my first time that I have been here.
= It was my first time that I had been here.
23. It is up to sb. to do sth. 由某人决定作…
e.g It is up to you to decide where to go.
24. It all depends. / It depends on / upon sth.
25. It is /was +被强调部分+that…
1）强调句的基本句型： It is/was+所强调的成份+that/who/whom+其它成份。 如：
原句：I met Li Ming at the railway station yesterday.
（我昨天在火车站遇到李明。）
强调主语：It was I that/who met Li Ming at the railway station yesterday.
（是我昨天在火车站遇到李明的。）
强调宾语：It was Li Ming that/thom I met at the railway station yesterday.
(我昨天在火车站遇到的是李明。)
强调地点状语：I was at the railway station that I met Li Ming yesterday.
（我昨天是在火车站遇到李明的。）
强调时间状语：It was yesterday that I met Li Ming at the railway yesterday.
（我是昨天在火车站遇到李明的。）
2） 强调句的一般疑问句型： Is/Was+it+所强调的成分+that/who/whom
如：
Was it you that met Li Ming at the railway station yesterday？
3） 强调句的特殊疑问句型： 疑问词+is/was+it+ that/who/whom..
如: Who was it that met Li Ming at the railway station yesterday？
⑷强调句的特殊疑问句用于宾语从句：主句+疑问词+it+is/was +that/who/whom
如：I want to know who it was that met Li Ming at the
railway station yesterday？
⑸ “not… until” 用于强调句中
原句：He didn‘t go to bed until his father came back。
强调句：It was not until his father came back that he went to bed。
附：强调谓语动词的方法：强调句型不能强调谓语，要强调谓语动词，可借助
于助动词do。如： You do look well。
He does like music。
I did forget your birthday。
Do be careful。
对比： It was five o‘clock when he came back home。
It was at five o‘clock that he came back home。
It was not long before he came back。
It was five years since he had joined the army。
25. It doesn’t pay to do sth. “做…是不值的”
e.g. It doesn’t pay to argue with him. 同他争吵是不值的.
26. It all depends. 看情况了. It depends on sth. 看…的情况了
It serves you right. 活该
27. Sb. take it for granted that… 认为…是理所当然的
e.g. Children take it for granted that parents must provide money for them.
28. Sb. see to it that… 务必…
e.g. Please see to it that the door is locked.
29. Sb. think / believe / consider / imagine / feel / make / find …+it+ n. / adj.+to do
e.g. We find it important to learn English.
We think it our duty to make our country beautiful.
30. Sb. think / believe / consider / imagine / feel / make / find …+it+ n.(no good /
no use / a waste of time…)+ doing
e.g. We find it no good helping him.
31. It is +adj.+ of / for +sb.+ to do.
32. It is +(no / any / some / much / little…) use / good / a waste of time+ doing
33. There be 句型的变形结构
⑴ There +情态动词(may/might/must/should/can’t/ought to/used to…)+be
e.g. There used to be a shop at the corner of the street.
⑵ There +seem/happen + to be
e.g. There happens to be a bus.
⑶ There + live/stand/fly/flow/float/lie/exist…+sb./sth.
e.g. There lived a monk in the temple.
34. There is no need for sth./to do sth. 没必要…
e.g. There is no need for alarm.
There is no need to hurry.
35. There is (no /little/some…)+time / place…+left for sth. / to do sth.
e.g. There is no time left for us.
There is little time left to
36. There is a/no/little chance of sb. doing sth. (没)有可能…
e.g. There is always a chance of the weak defeating the strong.
37. There is no doing… 不可能…
e.g. There is no knowing what he is doing.
38. Here,there,out,in,up,down等方位副词在句首时,要全部倒装.
e.g. There goes the bell. Here comes the bus.
Away went the boy. Here is a letter for you.
注：当句子的主语为人称代词时，句子不倒装。
e.g. There he comes. Here it is. Away he went.
39. 以Now / Then 开头的句子要全部倒装.
e.g. Now comes your turn to recite the text.
Then came the day we had been looking forward to.
Then followed eight years of war.
40. Only+状语(词组或句子) 句子部分倒装
e.g. Only in a big city can you see it.
Only when the war was over in 1949 was he able to go back home.
41. Seldom / Hardly / Little / Never / Scarcely / Rarely…等否定副词在句首,句子
部分倒装
e.g. Never shall I forget it.
42. Not only+部分倒装…,but also+不倒装句子
e.g. Not only did he like it,but also he stuck to it.
43. Not until +状语+部分倒装
e.g. Not until she saw the present did she feel happy.
44. Hardly / Scarcely / Rarely +过去完成时的部分倒装+when / before…
e.g. Hardly had he finished the talk when /before a man stood up.
45. No sooner +过去完成时的部分倒装+than…
e.g. No sooner had he finished the talk than a man stood up.
46. Neither+部分倒装…,nor +部分倒装
e.g. Neither do I know him nor do I care about him.
47. 倒装表虚拟
⑴ Were I you (= If I were you),I would do it better.
⑵ Had I known your address(=If I had known your address),I would have
visited you.
⑶ Should it rained / Were it to rain (= If it rained / If it were to rain) tomorrow,
we would not go.
48. 倒装表让步
⑴ Child as he is (=Though/Although he is a child),he knows a lot.
⑵ Young as he is (=Though/Although he is very young),he learns a lot.
⑶ Hard as he worked (=Though/Although he worked hard),he failed.
⑷ Try as he could (=Though/Although he could try),he didn't try.
⑸ Try as he did (=Though/Although he tried),he failed.
注: 倒装表让步时,as 也可以用though代替.
49. 倒装表祝愿 句型为"May + sb. + v."
e.g. May you succeed. May you be healthy. May you be lucky.
对比: Long live China！Long live our friendship！
50. So…that…用于倒装句中
e.g. So fast did he run that I could hardly keep up with him.
51. 表语前置,句子要全部倒装
e.g. Gone forever are the days when women are looked down upon.
52. 地点状语位于句首时,句子要全部倒装.
e.g. Under a tree was sitting a boy.
On the bed lay a sick lady.
53. 当At no time / In no way / On no account / Under no circumstance 位于句
首时,句子要部分倒装.
e.g. At no time did I hurt him. 我决不会伤害他.
On no account are visitors allowed to feed animals. 游客不得喂动物.
54虚拟语气用于条件句中
⑴. 对现在的虚拟
虚拟条件句 主句
一般过去时(be用were) Should/would/could/might+do
e.g. If I were you,I would help him.
If I knew his number now,I could call him.
⑵. 对过去的虚拟
虚拟条件句 主句
Had+done Should/would/could/might+had done
e.g. If I had come here yesterday,I would have seen him.
⑶. 对将来的虚拟
虚拟条件句 主句
一般过去时(be用were)should+dowere to +do Should/would/could/might+do
e.g. If it rained tomorrow,I would stay at home.
If it should rain tomorrow, I would stay at home.
If it were to rain tomorrow, I would stay at hom
55. 混和虚拟语气,有时候,条件从句表示的动作和主句表示的动作发生的时间
是不一致.这时,动作的形式要根据表示的时间来调整.
e.g. If the weather had been better,the crops would be growing better.
If he had received more votes, he would be our chairman now.
56.含蓄虚拟语气,有时假设的情况不以条件从句表示出来,而是通过一个介
词短语来表示.
e.g. What would you do with a million dollars
We could have done better under more favourable conditions.
But for the doctor,he could have died.
=If it had not heen for the doctor,he could have died.
57.insist, order, command, propose, advise,suggest,request,demand,ask,desire,
require …+that sb.(should) do.
e.g. He demanded that he (should) be given another chance.
注 : 当suggest表示“建议” 之意时,其后的宾语从句虚拟. 当suggest
表示“暗示,表明”之意时,其后的宾语从句不虚拟.
e.g. He suggested that we (should) set off right away.
His smile suggested that he was very happy.
当insist表达“坚持要求” 之意时,其后的宾语从句虚拟.当insist
表达“坚持认为” 之意时,其后的宾语从句不虚拟.
e.g. He insisted that we (should) discuss it.
He insisted that he was right.
58.suggestion,demand,order,proposal,request,advice,desire等名词所引导的
表语从句和同位语从句也要虚拟，即(should)+do.
e.g. My demand is that you (should) get up early.
What do you think of his proposal that we (should) put on a new
play.
59.It is suggested / requested / desired / proposed / ordered…+ that sb.(should) do
e.g. It is suggested that we (should) study medicine.
60.由wish,as if / as though(好象),if only(但愿)引导的从句也要虚拟,即把从句的时态向前推一个时态,对现在的虚拟用一般过去时,过去的虚拟用过去完成时,将来的虚拟用过去将来时.
e.g. I wish I were as strong as you now.
I wish I had seen you yesterday.
I wish I would go to the seaside tomorrow.
注: as if/as though 引导的从句如果发生的可能性很大,不用虚拟语气.
e.g. He speaks as if he were an American.
The sky is cloudy.So it looks as if it is going to rain.
61.“no matter + 疑问词”句型 / “疑问词+ever ”句型
no matter how / what / when / where / who…用来引导让步状语从句,分别可用
however,whatever,whenever,wherever,whoever…代替.
e.g. No matter what he says(=Whatever he says),I won’t believe him.
No matter how great the difficulties may be(=However great the
difficulties may be),they always finish their tasks. 注意划线部分的语序.
注: ⑴ 这种让步状语从句也可放在主句之后,如:
Don’t trust him,no matter what / whatever he says.
⑵ “疑问词+ever”句型还可以引导名词性从句,而“no matter +
疑问词”的句型无此功能.
e.g. 正确表达: Whatever he says matters little. (主语从句)
错误表达: No matter what he says matters little.
正确表达: You can see however hard he works. (宾语从句)
错误表达: You can see no matter how hard he works.
⑶ no matter whose 可引导让步状语从句,但没有相应的whosever
一词.如:
e.g. No matter Whose baggage it is,it will be kept until the owner
returns.
⑷ wherever 还可以引导地点状语从句,no matter where 无此功能.
e.g. I’ll go wherever he goes.
⑸ 不存在no matter whether一词.
62.由with引导的独立主格结构,with 可以省略
⑴ with + 名词/代词 + doing 表示主动或进行
e.g. With the old man leading us, we started towards the mountains.
Now he could walk only with Tom supporting him.
⑵ with + 名词/代词 + done 表示被动
e.g. The man was brought in,with his hands tied back.
He lay on his back,with his hands crossed under his head and his
eyes closed.
⑶ with + 名词/代词 + adj.
e.g. He stood up,with his face red and his mouth open.
With the weather so cloudy and close,ten to one it will rain soon.
⑷ with + 名词/代词 + adv.
e.g. The street looked more beautiful with all lights on.
He put on his socks with wrong side out.
⑸ with + 名词/代词 + 介词短语
e.g. I stood at his left,with my finger on the button,waiting for the order.
He entered the room,with a gun in his hand.
注: 本结构还可以用“秃头表示法”,即把名词前的修饰词和with 一起
去掉.
如: with a gun in his hand = gun in hand
with my finger on the button = finger on button
⑹ with + 名词/代词 + to do 表示将来,常主动表被动
e.g. With a lot of homework to do ,he couldn’t go out.
With him to help you ,you will make great progress.
63.what / how引导的感叹句
⑴ what +a/an+ adj.+单数可数名词+主语+谓语
=How+adj.+a/an+单数可数名词+主语+谓语
e.g. What a fine day it is！=How fine a day it is！
⑵ what+adj.+可数复数/不可数名词+主语+谓语
e.g. What fine weather it is！ What good students they are！
⑶ how+adj./adv. +主语+谓语
e.g. How lucky she is！ How hard he works ！
⑷ how +主语+谓语 e.g. How (fast) time flies！
⑸ what +主语+谓语 e.g. What (great) fun it is to jump into water！
64.“…怎么样”的句型
⑴ How about/ What about +sb./sth./doing .用来询问消息,提出建议,征求
意见.
e.g. Your brother is a doctor,what about you
How about/ what about having a game of chess
⑵ What is ……like 用来询问人的品质,长相或事物的外观以及天
气.
e.g. What is your mother like 你的妈妈性格,品质怎么样
What is the earth like 地球是什么样子
What is the weather like
⑶ What does……look like 用来询问人的长相.
e.g. What does your new teacher look like
⑷ How do you like… / What do you think of … 用来询问对某人,某物
的看法,评价.
e.g. How do you like / What do you think of the film TITANIC
⑸ How is… 若主语为人,表示人的身体情况怎么样, 若主语为物,表
示该事物的一般情况.
e.g. How is your father 你父亲的身体情况怎么样
How are the things in your family 你家的情况怎么样
⑹ How are you getting along /on with… 用来询问学习,工作的进展情
况或与人相处的情况.
e.g. How are you getting along with your study recently
How are you getting along with your classmates
65. with结构表“随着”
e.g. With time going on (=As time went on),he began to miss his home.
66. With结构表“尽管”
e.g. With all his shortcomings,he was a good teacher.
With all his advantages,he was not proud.
67. with结构表“具有”
e.g. China is a large country with a history of 5000 years.
China is a large country with a population of 1.3 billion.
China is a large country with an area of 9.6 million square kilometers.
68. The problem with…is that… “…方面的问题是…”
e.g. The problem with electrical signals is that they get weaker and weaker.
69. All the best (with / to sb.in sth.) 祝某人某方面万事如意
70. ‘d 句型
⑴ I’d like (sb.) + (not) +to do I’d = I would / should
⑵ You’d better (not) do You’d = You had
⑶ I’d rather (not) do I’d = I would
注: ① I’d rather do …than do… = I’d do… rather than do…
e.g. I’d rather die than surrender. 我宁愿死也不愿投降.
② I’d rather sb. did sth. 对现在或将来的虚拟
e.g. I’d rather you stayed at home now.
③ I’d rather sb. had done sth对过去的虚拟
e.g. I’d rather you had died yesterday. .
⑷ I’d prefer (sb.) (not) to do
注: ① prefer sb./sth to sb./sth.
② prefer doing to doing
③ prefer to do rather than do
⑸ I’d love (sb.) (not) to do I’d = I would
71. be in / on / at / under + 名词 表示正在进行
⑴ be in danger/use/power/love/office/high spirits/state
⑵ be on holiday/vacation/sale/duty/watch/business/show/strike/a visit to/leave
⑶ be at work/play/war/peace/dinner/table/school/class/ease(稍息)/sea
attention/supper/breakfast/lunch
⑷ be under construction/repair/control/treatment/way/the weather(不舒服)
72. be of +adj.+ 抽象名词 = be +adv. + adj
e.g. The dictionary is of great use .= The dictionary is very useful.
The book is of no value. = The book is not valuable.
73. be of a + 名词 表示属于同一…
e.g. They are of a size / color / kind / age ….
=They are of the same size / color / kind / age 它们属于同一尺寸/颜
色/种类/年龄
74. hit/strike/beat/touch/pat/look/shake…sb.+in/on/to+the +身体部位
表示“击打/接触…的部位” 柔软、凹陷的部位用in ; 坚硬、
突出的部位用on ; 方式用by.
e.g. The boy hit the old man in the face / in the stomach /on the nose/on the back.
The boy lead the cow by the nose. The mother caught the boy by the arm.
注意：（1）强调状语时，连接词只用that，强调人时，则还可用who
（在从句中作主语）或whom（在从句中作宾语）。
（2）原句的谓语动词时态是一般过去时、过去进行时和过去完成时，用It was，其他时态用It is
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