高考总复习之分词作状语辨别专题复习[下学期]
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| 名称 | 高考总复习之分词作状语辨别专题复习[下学期] |  | |
| 格式 | rar | ||
| 文件大小 | 11.5KB | ||
| 资源类型 | 教案 | ||
| 版本资源 | 通用版 | ||
| 科目 | 英语 | ||
| 更新时间 | 2006-07-19 20:51:00 | ||
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分词作状语辨别专题复习
谈到分词（短语）作状语，不论教师还是学生都会首先考虑到分词（短语）的逻辑主语。在正常情况下，分词（短语）的逻辑主语就是句子的主语，也就是说，如果句子的主语是分词动作的执行者，该分词就用现在分词，如果是承受者，则用过去分词。如：
Thousands of trees were blown down by the high winds, blocking roads, paths and railway lines.（thousands of trees是blocking动作的执行者）
Greatly encouraged, the players tried their best to win the game for their school.（the play- ers是encouraged动作的承受者）
再看两道试题：
1. Finding her car stolen, ____. （2001年上海高考试题第28题）
A. a policeman was asked to help B. the area was searched thoroughly
C. it was looked for everywhere D. she hurried to a policeman for help
（答案为D，因为she是finding动作的执行者）
2. ____ time, he’ll make a first-class tennis player.（2003年北京高考试题第28题）
A. Having given B. To give C. Giving D. Given
（答案为D，因为he是given动作的承受者）
那么，下面两道题又该怎么做呢？
1. ____ the general state of his health, it may take him a while to recover from the operation.（2000年北京春季高考试题第17题）
A. Given B. To give C. Giving D. Having given
（答案为A）
2. —What’s your opinion
—____ what you talked about, he is honest, I think.
A. Considered B. Considering C. To consider D. Having considered
（答案为B）
这两题看上去，given是过去分词，considering是现在分词，但第一个句子的主语it并不是give的承受者，第二个句子的主语he也不是consider的执行者，那为什么第一个句子用given第二个句子用considering呢？原来它们形式上是分词，但实际上却是介词。
在阅读中，经常会遇见形式上是分词，但实际上却改变了词性的表达形式。常见的有：
supposing（that）conj. 假如（＝if）（主句多为特殊疑问句）
providing（that）conj. 倘若…
seeing（that）conj.鉴于…，由于…，既然…，因为…
regarding prep. 关于…
according to prep. 按照，根据，根据…所说，随着…而…
according as conj. 依照，随而…定，据
concerning prep. 有关…，关于…
barring prep. 除…之外，除非，除外（＝except）
speaking of 说起…，谈到…
including prep. 包含，包括
talking of prep. 说起…，谈到…（常放在句首）
assuming（that）conj. 假定（主句多为特殊疑问句）
granting（that）conj. 就算…，纵使…，假定…
granted（that）conj. 就算…，纵使…，假定…
provided（that）conj. 倘若…，在条件下…
这些形式上像分词的词或短语作状语时，是不受句子的主语限制的。例如：
I hear he is more than 70, but he is still very strong(,) considering his age.（介词）
Considering（that）he did not study, he did well on the test.（连词）
She seems（to be）very bright, considering.（副词）
Supposing（that）we lose, what then （连词）
I shall go providing（that）it doesn’t rain.（连词）
Seeing（that）he is ill, he is unlikely to come.（连词）
He spoke to me regarding his future.（介词）
Each man will be paid according to his ability.（介词）
The thermometer rises or falls according as the air is hot or cold. （连词）（寒暑表随空气的冷热而升降。
Concerning his proposal, there were pros and cons.（介词）（关于他的提案，有赞成和反对两种意见。）
The whole group was at the party, barring him.（介词）
Speaking of books, have you read Gone With the Wind （介词）
It contains a number of impurities, including carbon from the coke. （介词）
Talking of travel, have you ever been to Beijing （介词）
Assuming（that）his story is true, what should we do （连词）
Granted / Granting（that）you are right, I won’t do it.（连词）
Granted（that）he did say so, what harm can you see in it （连词）
Given his support, I think we’ll win the match.（介词）
Given（that）they’re inexperienced, they’ve done a good job.（连词）
Provided（that）there is no opposition, I will act as representative of our class.（连词）
另外，下列表达形式在句子中出现时，虽没改变分词的词性，但也不受句子主语的限制：
generally（broadly / roughly / strictly / frankly）speaking 一般来（泛泛地／大体上／严格地／坦率地）说
judging from / by 根据／由…判断（＝to judge by）
allowing for 考虑到…，体谅…，允许有…
counting 算上…
taking everything into consideration=considering everything从各方面来看，考虑到各种情况
这些分词已形成了固定结构，用来表示说话人对所说的话表示一种态度，可看作句子的插入语或独立成分。例如：
Generally speaking, boys are more interested in such activities than girls.
I think, personally speaking, it’s a good idea.
Judging from / by her accent, she must be from Henan.
It will take 30 minutes to get to the station, allowing for traffic delays.
We were a party of eleven, counting our teacher.
Taking everything into consideration, they ought to be given another chance.
再看一道高考题：
______ such heavy pollution already, it may now be too late to clean up the river.（2001年全国高考试题第35题）
A. Having suffered B. Suffering C. To suffer D. Suffered
（答案为A）
本题如从句子的主语来考虑，显然是行不通的。仔细分析一下便可看出，suffer的逻辑主语却是句子中的river，是suffer的执行者，故用现在分词；对现在来说，river已经遭受了污染，故用现在分词的完成式。
由上题可知，有的作状语的动词虽然句子的主语不是该动作的执行者或承受者，但句子中的某个成分却是它的执行者或承受者，或在意义上泛指的“我们”或“人们”是它的执行者或承受者，或上下文中的人或物为它的执行者或承受者，这种情况仍属分词（不定式除外），这种分词叫垂悬分词。例如：
Walking or sleeping, this subject was always in my mind.（walking or sleeping的逻辑主语是句子中的my，是walking or sleeping的执行者）
Wiping the sweat from his brow, it seemed to Kunta that his people were always enduring one hardship or another.（wiping的逻辑主语是句子中的Kunta，是wiping的执行者）
Born and bred in the countryside, the living style of the country is familiar to him.（born and bred的逻辑主语是句子中的him，是born and bred承受者）
Using the electric energy, it is necessary to change its form.（using的逻辑主语是泛指的“我们”，是using的执行者）
Faced with many choices in the cosmetic departments, it is easy to forget that there is a whole science to manufacturing them.（faced的逻辑主语是泛指的“我们”或“女人们”，是faced的承受者）
Trying to sit up, the whole room had reeled.（trying的逻辑主语是上下文中所提要坐起的人，是trying的执行者）
Pushed into the house, the door closed with a bang.（pushed的逻辑主语是上下文中被推进屋中的人，是pushed的承受者）
垂悬分词对于初学者特别是中学生不要求运用，也不宜模仿，只是在阅读中遇到时知道是怎么回事就行了。
第 1 页
谈到分词（短语）作状语，不论教师还是学生都会首先考虑到分词（短语）的逻辑主语。在正常情况下，分词（短语）的逻辑主语就是句子的主语，也就是说，如果句子的主语是分词动作的执行者，该分词就用现在分词，如果是承受者，则用过去分词。如：
Thousands of trees were blown down by the high winds, blocking roads, paths and railway lines.（thousands of trees是blocking动作的执行者）
Greatly encouraged, the players tried their best to win the game for their school.（the play- ers是encouraged动作的承受者）
再看两道试题：
1. Finding her car stolen, ____. （2001年上海高考试题第28题）
A. a policeman was asked to help B. the area was searched thoroughly
C. it was looked for everywhere D. she hurried to a policeman for help
（答案为D，因为she是finding动作的执行者）
2. ____ time, he’ll make a first-class tennis player.（2003年北京高考试题第28题）
A. Having given B. To give C. Giving D. Given
（答案为D，因为he是given动作的承受者）
那么，下面两道题又该怎么做呢？
1. ____ the general state of his health, it may take him a while to recover from the operation.（2000年北京春季高考试题第17题）
A. Given B. To give C. Giving D. Having given
（答案为A）
2. —What’s your opinion
—____ what you talked about, he is honest, I think.
A. Considered B. Considering C. To consider D. Having considered
（答案为B）
这两题看上去，given是过去分词，considering是现在分词，但第一个句子的主语it并不是give的承受者，第二个句子的主语he也不是consider的执行者，那为什么第一个句子用given第二个句子用considering呢？原来它们形式上是分词，但实际上却是介词。
在阅读中，经常会遇见形式上是分词，但实际上却改变了词性的表达形式。常见的有：
supposing（that）conj. 假如（＝if）（主句多为特殊疑问句）
providing（that）conj. 倘若…
seeing（that）conj.鉴于…，由于…，既然…，因为…
regarding prep. 关于…
according to prep. 按照，根据，根据…所说，随着…而…
according as conj. 依照，随而…定，据
concerning prep. 有关…，关于…
barring prep. 除…之外，除非，除外（＝except）
speaking of 说起…，谈到…
including prep. 包含，包括
talking of prep. 说起…，谈到…（常放在句首）
assuming（that）conj. 假定（主句多为特殊疑问句）
granting（that）conj. 就算…，纵使…，假定…
granted（that）conj. 就算…，纵使…，假定…
provided（that）conj. 倘若…，在条件下…
这些形式上像分词的词或短语作状语时，是不受句子的主语限制的。例如：
I hear he is more than 70, but he is still very strong(,) considering his age.（介词）
Considering（that）he did not study, he did well on the test.（连词）
She seems（to be）very bright, considering.（副词）
Supposing（that）we lose, what then （连词）
I shall go providing（that）it doesn’t rain.（连词）
Seeing（that）he is ill, he is unlikely to come.（连词）
He spoke to me regarding his future.（介词）
Each man will be paid according to his ability.（介词）
The thermometer rises or falls according as the air is hot or cold. （连词）（寒暑表随空气的冷热而升降。
Concerning his proposal, there were pros and cons.（介词）（关于他的提案，有赞成和反对两种意见。）
The whole group was at the party, barring him.（介词）
Speaking of books, have you read Gone With the Wind （介词）
It contains a number of impurities, including carbon from the coke. （介词）
Talking of travel, have you ever been to Beijing （介词）
Assuming（that）his story is true, what should we do （连词）
Granted / Granting（that）you are right, I won’t do it.（连词）
Granted（that）he did say so, what harm can you see in it （连词）
Given his support, I think we’ll win the match.（介词）
Given（that）they’re inexperienced, they’ve done a good job.（连词）
Provided（that）there is no opposition, I will act as representative of our class.（连词）
另外，下列表达形式在句子中出现时，虽没改变分词的词性，但也不受句子主语的限制：
generally（broadly / roughly / strictly / frankly）speaking 一般来（泛泛地／大体上／严格地／坦率地）说
judging from / by 根据／由…判断（＝to judge by）
allowing for 考虑到…，体谅…，允许有…
counting 算上…
taking everything into consideration=considering everything从各方面来看，考虑到各种情况
这些分词已形成了固定结构，用来表示说话人对所说的话表示一种态度，可看作句子的插入语或独立成分。例如：
Generally speaking, boys are more interested in such activities than girls.
I think, personally speaking, it’s a good idea.
Judging from / by her accent, she must be from Henan.
It will take 30 minutes to get to the station, allowing for traffic delays.
We were a party of eleven, counting our teacher.
Taking everything into consideration, they ought to be given another chance.
再看一道高考题：
______ such heavy pollution already, it may now be too late to clean up the river.（2001年全国高考试题第35题）
A. Having suffered B. Suffering C. To suffer D. Suffered
（答案为A）
本题如从句子的主语来考虑，显然是行不通的。仔细分析一下便可看出，suffer的逻辑主语却是句子中的river，是suffer的执行者，故用现在分词；对现在来说，river已经遭受了污染，故用现在分词的完成式。
由上题可知，有的作状语的动词虽然句子的主语不是该动作的执行者或承受者，但句子中的某个成分却是它的执行者或承受者，或在意义上泛指的“我们”或“人们”是它的执行者或承受者，或上下文中的人或物为它的执行者或承受者，这种情况仍属分词（不定式除外），这种分词叫垂悬分词。例如：
Walking or sleeping, this subject was always in my mind.（walking or sleeping的逻辑主语是句子中的my，是walking or sleeping的执行者）
Wiping the sweat from his brow, it seemed to Kunta that his people were always enduring one hardship or another.（wiping的逻辑主语是句子中的Kunta，是wiping的执行者）
Born and bred in the countryside, the living style of the country is familiar to him.（born and bred的逻辑主语是句子中的him，是born and bred承受者）
Using the electric energy, it is necessary to change its form.（using的逻辑主语是泛指的“我们”，是using的执行者）
Faced with many choices in the cosmetic departments, it is easy to forget that there is a whole science to manufacturing them.（faced的逻辑主语是泛指的“我们”或“女人们”，是faced的承受者）
Trying to sit up, the whole room had reeled.（trying的逻辑主语是上下文中所提要坐起的人，是trying的执行者）
Pushed into the house, the door closed with a bang.（pushed的逻辑主语是上下文中被推进屋中的人，是pushed的承受者）
垂悬分词对于初学者特别是中学生不要求运用，也不宜模仿，只是在阅读中遇到时知道是怎么回事就行了。
第 1 页