36 美国布朗大学非裔女校长鲁斯·西门
DATE=5-18-2001
TITLE=AMERICAN MOSAIC - Brown University President Ruth Simmons
BYLINE=Cynthia Kirk
HOST:
(Start at 59")In July, Ruth Simmons will become the first African American president of Brown University, in Providence, Rhode Island. Officials at Brown say they chose her because of her (1) performance as president of Smith College, a top women's college in nearby （2）Massachusetts. Shep O'Neal tells us about her.
ANNCR:
Ruth Simmons grew up poor in the state of Texas. She was the youngest of twelve children. Her father worked on farms owned by white people. Her mother worked in white people's homes. She died when Ruth was fifteen years old.
Ruth Simmons grew up in a family where the girls were made to believe that they were not equal to the boys.
Yet Ruth Simmons pushed herself to succeed. Her teachers told her that she could go to college and be successful. One teacher, Vernell Lillie, helped her get accepted to Dillard University in New Orleans, Louisiana. She graduated from Dillard with highest honors in Nineteen-Sixty-Seven.
Ruth Simmons continued her education. She earned a (3) Doctorate Degree in Romance languages from Harvard University in Cambridge, Massachusetts. She worked for several years at Princeton University in New Jersey as a professor and administrator. She was praised for （4）attracting top black teachers to the school.
Ruth Simmons became president of Smith College in Northampton, Massachusetts in 1995. She increased the amount of money given to the college by almost two times, to nine- hundred- million dollars. She also established the first （5）engineering program at a women's college. And she was successful in bringing students to Smith from all social and economic (6) backgrounds. Students, teachers and administrators have praised Mizz Simmons for her improvements to the college.
Ruth Simmons says she is proud to be the first African American to be chosen to head one of the eight Ivy League colleges. They are among the best （7）private colleges in the country. But she says she hopes to be recognized for what she brings to Brown University, not only because of her race.
闻名全美的金门大桥和布鲁克林大桥
DATE=5-18-2001
TITLE=AMERICAN MOSAIC #818 - Famous American Bridges
BYLINE=Nancy Steinbach
HOST:
(Start at 4'15")Our VOA listener question this week comes in E-mail from (1) Ukraine. Igor Gudymenko asks about famous American (2) bridges.
People and vehicles use bridges to cross bodies of water, valleys and roads. If you ask people to name some famous American bridges, they probably will include the Golden Gate Bridge in San Francisco, California and the Brooklyn Bridge in New York City. Both are suspension bridges. They cross great distances and have (3) roadways that hang from steel cables supported by high towers.
You may think the Golden Gate Bridge was named for its orange color. But it is named for the body of water that it crosses - the Golden Gate Strait. The Golden Gate Strait is the entrance to the San Francisco Bay from the Pacific Ocean. The Golden Gate Bridge links the city of San Francisco with Marin County, California.
Joseph Strauss designed the bridge. It opened in Nineteen-Thirty-Seven. The Golden Gate Bridge extends one- thousand- two- hundred- eighty meters across the water. It was the longest (4) suspension bridge in the world until Nineteen-Sixty-Four. That is when the Verrazano Narrows Bridge opened in New York City. Still, the Golden Gate Bridge has become famous around the world. And many people consider it to be the most beautiful bridge (5) structure in the world.
The Brooklyn Bridge is much older than the Golden Gate. It was one of the first great suspension bridges. It was built between Eighteen-Sixty-Nine and Eighteen-Eighty-Three. John Augustus Roebling designed the bridge. But he died as a result of an accident at the start of its construction.
His son, Washington Roebling, replaced him as chief engineer. But he became sick while working underwater. Washington Roebling was not able to go to the (6) construction area. Yet he continued to direct the operations through his wife, Emily.
The Brooklyn Bridge links Brooklyn with (7) Manhattan Island. It extends four- hundred- eighty- six meters over the East River. It was the longest bridge in the world until the Firth of Forth cantilever bridge was built in Scotland in Eighteen-Ninety. Today, thousands of cars, trucks, bicycles and people cross the Brooklyn Bridge every day.
美国著名音乐家大卫·波恩
DATE=5-18-2001
TITLE=AMERICAN MOSAIC - David Byrne, "Look Into the Eyeball"
BYLINE=Caty Weaver
HOST:
(Start at 7'50")Singer and songwriter David Byrne released a new （1）album last week called "Look Into the （2）Eyeball." Shirley Griffith tells us about him.
ANNCR:
David Byrne became popular as lead singer of the band Talking Heads. The band formed in Nineteen-Seventy-Five and broke up fifteen years later. Its famous songs include "（3）Psycho Killer" and "Burning Down The House."
David Byrne also wrote music for films, plays and a ballet. "Look Into the Eyeball" is his first album since Nineteen-Ninety-Seven. He says he tried to mix the warmth of the violin and other （4）orchestral sounds with a dance beat. Listen now to an example of that combination in the song "Like Humans Do."
(CUT 1 - "Like Humans Do")
David Byrne has used musicians from around the world on his recordings. In Nineteen-Eighty-Eight, he formed a record company to support world music. On his latest album, he sings a song in (5) Spanish with help from a singer in Mexico. Here is "Desconocido Soy."
(CUT 2 - "Desconocido Soy")
David Byrne says he wants the music on "Look Into the Eyeball" to make people cry and dance at the same time. We leave you now with another song from his latest album, "Smile."
注释：
(1) performance[ ???????????]n.履行, 执行
(2) Massachusetts[ ?????????????? ]n.麻萨诸塞州
(3) doctorate[ ????????? ]n.博士头衔
(4) attract[ ??????? ]v.有吸引力, 引起注意
(5) engineering[ ????????????? ]n.工程(学)
(6) background[ ?????????? ]n.背景, 后台
(7) private[ ???????? ]adj.私人的, 私有的
注释：
(1) Ukraine [???????????? ]n.[国名]乌克兰
(2) bridge[ ????? ]n.桥, 船桥, 鼻梁, 桥牌vt.架桥, 渡过
(3) roadway[ ?????????]n.车行道, 路面, (铁道的)路线
(4) suspension[??????????? ]n.吊, 悬浮, 悬浮液
(5) structure[ ????????? ]n.结构, 构造v.建筑, 构成
(6) construction[ ???????????? ]n.建筑, 建筑物
(7) Manhattan[ ??????????]n.曼哈顿岛(美国纽约一区)
注释：
(1) album[ ?????? ]n.集邮本, 照相簿
(2) eyeball[????????? ]n.眼球, 眼珠子
(3) psycho[ ??????? ]n.心理学adj.心理学的
(4) orchestral[ ?????????? ]adj.管弦乐的, 管弦乐队的
(5) Spanish[ ??????? ]adj.西班牙的, 西班牙人的
37 联合国大会把2002年定为国际山峰年
DATE=5-18-01
TITLE=ENVIRONMENT REPORT - International Year of Mountains
BYLINE=Gary Garriott
(Start at 59")This is the VOA Special English Environment Report.
(1) Mountains are about one-fifth of the world's land surface area. Mountains are a very important part of the earth's (2) ecology and environment. They contain important eco-systems, such as forests. They provide the most important resources for about one-tenth of the world's population. Mountains also provide goods and services to more than half the people in the world.
（3）Melting snow from mountains provides water for hundreds of millions of people. For example, the Himalayan Mountains supply drinking water for the people of India. Mountains are also important areas for winter sports. Millions of people visit countries in Europe to ski down mountains every year.
Mountains are also important in the cultures of many people. For example, the ancient Incas of South America built their most important cities and temples high in the mountains. Machu Picchu is an ancient Incan city in the （4）Andes Mountains. It is one of the most popular places to visit in Peru.
Mountains are important to the world. But there are problems involving mountains in many places. People who live in mountain areas are usually poor. There is often very little economic activity in these areas. Mountain environments are sometimes not (5) supervised very well. When this happens, eco-systems supporting plant and animal life suffer.
In some areas, too many trees are cut down. When it rains heavily, water can rush down the sides of mountains and flood villages and cities. Serious flooding kills many people and animals every year. In addition, earthquakes can cause hillsides to come crashing down in powerful （6）landslides.
The United Nations wants to help more people learn about the importance of mountains as well as their problems. So the U-N General Assembly has named the year Two- Thousand- Two the "International Year of Mountains." Many activities including research and development projects have been planned for next year. The U-N Food and Agriculture Organization is leading this special (7) recognition of mountains.
You can get more information on mountains and the "International Year of Mountains" at the Internet address, w-w-w-dot- mountains-two-thousand-two-dot-org.
This VOA Special English Environment Report was written by Gary Garriott.
注释：
(1) mountain[ ???????? ]n.山, 山脉
(2) ecology[ ???????????? ]n.生态学
(3) melting[?????????]adj.熔化的, 融化的
(4) Andes[ ??????? ]n.安第斯山脉
(5) supervise[ ????????????]v.监督, 管理, 指导
(6) landslide[??????????]n.[地]山崩, 崩塌的泥石
(7) recognition[ ???????????? ]n.赞誉, 承认
38 美国著名流行音乐作曲家史蒂芬·福斯特
DATE=5-20-01
TITLE=PEOPLE IN AMERICA #1822 - STEPHEN FOSTER
BYLINE=SHELLEY GOLLUST
Voice one:
I'm Shirley Griffith
. Voice two:
And I'm Steve ember with the VOA special English program people in America. Today, we tell about Stephen foster, America's first popular （1）professional （2）songwriter.
(Music Bridge).
Voice one:
You may have heard the old (3) traditional American songs "oh! Susanna," camp town races "and" my old Kentucky home. But do you know who wrote them? Stephen foster. He wrote those and more than two hundred other songs during the eighteen-forties and eighteen-fifties.
His best songs have become part of America's （4）cultural history. They have become Americans （5）folk songs. Many people in America learned to sing these songs when they were children. Most Americans can sing these songs today.
Voice two:
Stephen Collins foster was born on July fourth, eighteen-twenty-six in what is now part of the city of （6）Pittsburgh, in the northeastern state of Pennsylvania. He was the ninth child of William and Eliza Foster. He did not have much musical training. But he had a great natural ability for music. He taught himself to play several musical （7）instruments. He could play any music just by listening to it.
Stephen foster began writing songs when he was fourteen. In eighteen- forty- seven, he wrote his first successful song, "oh! Susanna."
Ken Emerson wrote a book about Stephen Foster. It is called doo-dah! Stephen foster and the rise of "American popular culture. Mister Emerson says "oh! Susanna" was the first （8）internationally popular song written by an American that everyone can still （9）recognize and sing today.
((Music cut #1: "oh! Susanna"))
Voice one:
Stephen Foster married Jane McDowell in eighteen-fifty. He wrote many new songs. Some of them were about love. One of the best known is "Jeanie with the light （10）brown hair." He wrote it for his wife when they were （11）separated.
((Music cut #2: "Jeanie with the light brown hair."))
Voice two:
Stephen Foster wrote almost thirty songs for （12）minstrel shows. Minstrel shows became popular in the United States in the eighteen-forties. White （13）entertainers blackened their faces and performed as if they were black entertainers. Minstrel shows included music, dance and comedy. The shows were performed in almost every major American city, especially in the northeast. One of Foster's songs written for minstrel shows is "camp town races." Today, it is a popular song for children.
((Music cut #3: "camp town races"))
Voice one:
Minstrel songs described the culture of black American slaves in the southern states. Yet Foster did not really know anything about this subject. He lived in Pittsburgh for most of his life. He visited the south only once. However, some experts say Foster's minstrel songs showed he did understand how black people in the south lived before the civil war. The people in Foster's songs love their families and work hard. Now, however, some of his songs are judged insulting to African-Americans. So, music （14）publishers have changed some of the words. And a few of his songs are no longer sung. Voice two:
In eighteen-fifty, Foster made an （15）agreement with the leader of a successful minstrel group, e. P. Christy. The agreement meant that Christy's minstrels had the right to perform every new song foster wrote. Foster also （16）permitted Christy to name himself as the writer of the song "old folks at home." This became one of most successful songs written by Stephen Foster. It became the official song of the state of Florida in nineteen- thirty- five. It also is known as "way down upon the Swanee River."
((Music cut #4: "old folks at home"))
Voice one:
Stephen foster wrote other songs about home and （17）memories of times past. In his book, Ken Emerson says foster wrote songs about home in part because he almost never lived in one home for long. His father lost all his money when Stephan was a boy. So Stephen was forced to live with many different family members. Although Foster lived in the north, some of his songs suggest a desire to be back home in the American south.
Voice two: "My old Kentucky home" is an example. Mister Emerson says foster wrote the song in honor of Harriet Beecher Stowe's anti-slavery book, Uncle Tom's cabin. "My old Kentucky home" expresses great sympathy for enslaved African Americans. The black anti-slavery activist Frederick Douglass praised the song. It later became the official song of the state of Kentucky.
((Music cut #5: "my old Kentucky home"))
Voice one:
Stephen Foster was America's first full-time professional songwriter. He was a good songwriter. But he was a poor businessman. He sold many of his most famous songs for very little money. He was not able to support his wife and daughter.
In eighteen-sixty, he moved to New York City. His songs were not as popular as they had been. His marriage had ended. He had no money. For most of his life, he drank large amounts of alcohol. He died on January thirteenth, eighteen- sixty- four. He was only thirty-seven years old.
Voice two:
Stephen Foster was honored in several ways after his death. He was the first musician to be （18）nominated to the hall of fame for great Americans. And he was the first American composer whose complete works were published together. Each year, on the (19) anniversary of his death, people in Pittsburgh gather to remember Stephen Foster. They go to the church he attended as a child. They attend a show that （20）honors him. Then they visit his burial place.
The end of Stephen Foster's life was sad. But his songs have brought happiness to many people. One of his last songs was one of the most beautiful. It is called "beautiful dreamer."
((Music cut #6: "beautiful dreamer"))
Voice one:
This special English program was written by Shelley Gollust, it was produced by Lawan Davis, I'm Shirley Griffith.
("Beautiful Dreamer" instead of closing theme)
Voice two:
And I'm Steve ember. Join us again next week for another people in America program on the voice of America.
注释：
（1） professional[ ?????????? ]n.自由职业者adj.专业的, 职业的
（2） songwriter [??????????]n. 歌曲作家，歌曲作者
（3） traditional[?????????????]adj.传统的, 惯例的
（4） cultural[????????????]adj.文化的
（5） folk[ ???? ]n.人们, 亲属(复数)adj.民间的
（6） Pittsburgh[???????????]n.匹兹堡（美国宾西法尼亚州西南部城市, 是美国的钢铁工业中心）
（7） instrument[ ????????????]n.工具, 手段
（8） international[ ???????????????? ]adj.国际的, 世界的
（9） recognize[ ?????????? ]v.认可, 承认
（10） brown[ ??????]n.褐色adj.褐色的, 棕色的v.(使)成褐色, 晒黑
（11） separate[???????????]adj.分开的, 分离的
（12） minstrel[?????????? ]n.吟游诗人(或歌手)
（13） entertainer[?????????????]n.款待者, 表演娱乐节目的人
（14） publisher[???????????]n.出版者, 发行人
（15） agreement[ E5^ri:mEnt ]n.同意, 一致
（16） permit[ ????????? ]n.通行证, 许可证, 执照v.许可, 允许, 准许
（17） memory[???????? ]n.记忆, 记忆力
（18） nominate[ ????????? ]v.提名, 推荐
（19） anniversary[ ???????????? ]n.周年纪念
（20） honor[ ?????]n.尊敬, 敬意, 荣誉, 光荣v.尊敬, 给以荣誉
