57 美国的高尔夫球运动
DATE=6-25-014
TITLE=THIS IS AMERICA #1070 - Golf
BYLINE=Shelley Gollust
VOICE ONE:
The most famous (1) athlete in the United States is a young man named Tiger Woods. He has earned millions of dollars playing golf. I'm Steve Ember.
VOICE TWO:
And I'm Shirley Griffith. The sport of golf is our report today on the VOA Special English program This is America.
((THEME))
VOICE ONE:
Experts say Tiger Woods may be one of the best American athletes ever. He is only twenty-five years old. But he has been playing golf since he was a very young child. His father began teaching him how to play when he was only two years old. Tiger Woods won many (2) championships as a child. He became a (3) professional (4) golfer in Nineteen-Ninety-Six.
The next year, Tiger Woods became the first African-American golfer to win the Masters (5) Tournament. It is one of the most important competitions in golf. Experts said it was one of the best performances in the history of professional golf.
VOICE TWO:
In Nineteen-Ninety-Nine, Tiger Woods became the first golfer in more than twenty years to win eight professional golf competitions in one year. Earlier this year, Tiger Woods again won the Masters Golf Tournament. The win set another record. It made Tiger Woods the first golfer to hold all four professional major golf championships at the same time. Last year, he won the United States Open, the British Open, and the Professional Golf Association Championship.
Golf experts say it is not just the fact that Tiger Woods has won the four (6) major championships. It is how well he played when he won them.
Many sports experts believe Tiger Woods will only improve as a golfer. They say he has not yet played his best golf game. During his five years as a professional golfer, Tiger Woods has earned more than any other golfer in history. He has earned more than fifteen-million dollars. He earns even more money doing (7) advertisements to help sell sports products. He has a five-year agreement with the Nike company worth forty-million dollars.
VOICE ONE:
Tiger's real name is Eldrick. His father, Earl Woods, is an African American. His mother, Kultida Woods, is a native of (8) Thailand.
Sports experts say Tiger Woods is mainly responsible for an increase in the (9) popularity of golf in the United States. They say more people are playing and watching golf because of the young golf star. And they say the game is becoming popular with new groups of people. In the past, most of the people who played golf were older white businessmen. Now the game is becoming popular with younger people and with members of (10) minority and (11) ethnic groups.
((MUSIC BRIDGE))
VOICE TWO:
Golf is an outdoor sport in which a player hits a small hard ball over a long distance. It is played on a large area of land called a golf course. The course is divided into eighteen areas, called holes, of different lengths and difficulty. Players must hit the ball into a small cup in the ground at the end of each of the eighteen holes.
An eighteen-hole golf course covers about sixty (12) hectares. It is usually at least six-thousand meters from the beginning of the first hole to the end of the eighteenth. The player who hits the ball the fewest number of times while playing the eighteen holes is the winner.
Players hit the ball with one of several kinds of golf clubs. The clubs are long thin (13) sticks with different shapes at the end where the ball is hit. The kind of club used depends on the distance of the ball from the hole.
VOICE ONE:
More than twenty-five million Americans play golf. In recent years, the number of (14) female golfers has increased as has the number of African American golfers. Men, women and children play golf as an individual or team sport. Young people play golf in teams in high school or college. People play for fun, to get fresh air and exercise.
Yet golf is not a sport for everyone. It requires a lot of skill. A golfer must have the power to be able to hit the ball a long distance to get it to the smooth green area that (15) surrounds each hole. Then the golfer must be able to hit the ball carefully for a short distance to get it into the hole. It takes a great deal of time to play the complete eighteen holes. So sometimes people play a shorter game of only nine holes.
VOICE TWO:
Golf costs more money to play than many other sports. A player must have a set of golf clubs and golf balls. And it costs a lot of money to play on most golf courses. The United States has more than sixteen-thousand golf courses. About thirty percent are (16) private. They are open only to people who pay a large amount of money every year to be members. About seventy percent of American golf courses are open to the public. People can pay to play golf for a day.
((MUSIC BRIDGE))
VOICE ONE:
Experts say that the modern game of golf began in (17) Scotland. The first organized golf group began in Seventeen-Forty-Four in (18) Edinburgh. It established the first written rules of the game. The popularity of golf spread from Scotland and England to parts of the (19) British Commonwealth, including India and Canada.
Experts say people may have played golf in the United States as early as the Seventeen-Hundreds. In Eighteen-Ninety-Four, the (20) Amateur Golf Association of the United States was established. It served as the governing body for golf in the United States. It is now known as the United States Golf Association.
VOICE TWO:
In Nineteen-Sixteen, some American golfers formed the Professional Golfers Association, or P-G-A. Professional golfers earn money from playing golf and winning competitions. The P-G-A Tour includes forty-nine golf competitions each year in the United States, Scotland, Canada, Spain and (21) Argentina. P-G-A Tour golfers travel for most of the year to play in many of these competitions.
VOICE ONE:
There also are two major golf competitions for women. One of them, the U-S Women's Open was played last month in North Carolina. A young golfer competed in that event. Morgan Pressel is only thirteen years old. She was the second youngest female golfer to compete in the U-S Women's Open. She has been playing golf for four years. Another woman in the golf tournament made news. She is Brenda Kuehn. She played the tournament while eight months (22) pregnant with her second child.
This year, the U-S Women's Open (23) awarded a record of almost three-million dollars in prize money. Karrie Webb of Australia won the championship.
((MUSIC BRIDGE))
VOICE TWO:
Another American professional golfer also made news last month. Casey Martin has a (24) disorder of his (25) circulatory system. It blocks blood flow to his right leg. The condition makes it painful and dangerous for him to walk long distances.
Casey Martin wants to compete in the P-G-A Tour competitions. But he is not able to walk about eight kilometers around a golf course. So he wants to ride in a golf (26) cart designed for traveling on a golf course. The P-G-A Tour bans such (27) vehicles in its tournaments. It says walking is an important part of the sport. And it says making an (28) exception for Casey Martin would change championship golf.
VOICE ONE:
Casey Martin brought legal action against the P-G-A Tour in Nineteen-Ninety-Seven. He argued that a (29) federal law that protects the rights of people with (30) disabilities gives him the right to use a golf cart during championship events. The P-G-A Tour (31) appealed the case to the United States Supreme Court. Last month, the Court ruled in support of Casey Martin. It ruled that he has a (32) legal right to ride in a golf cart at P-G-A Tour championships.
The (33) Supreme Court ruled that the federal disability law requires the P-G-A Tour to (34) suspend its requirement that players walk the course during tournaments. The Court said that allowing Martin to use a golf cart would not change the tournaments.
VOICE TWO:
Congress passed the Americans with Disabilities Act in Nineteen-Ninety. The law (35) bans unfair treatment of people with disabilities. It requires reasonable actions by businesses and public events to help disabled people unless such actions would seriously change the place or event.
One of Casey Martin's lawyers said the decision means that professional golf tournaments will be governed by the same rules as all other businesses. She called the ruling important to all people in sports because their disabilities will have to be considered.
Many other people praised the Supreme Court ruling. They hope it will give disabled people in the United States the right to play golf and all other sports.
((THEME))
VOICE ONE:
This program was written by Shelley Gollust. I'm Steve Ember.
VOICE TWO:
And I'm Shirley Griffith. Join us again next week for another report about life in the United States on the VOA Special English program This is America.
(1) athlete [?????????] n.运动员, 运动选手
(2) championship [ ???????????? ] n.锦标赛
(3) professional [ ?????????? ] n. 职业运动员, 职业艺人 adj.专业的
(4) golfer [?????????] n.打高尔夫球的人
(5) tournament [ ?????????? ] n.比赛, 锦标赛, 联赛
(6) major [?????????] n.<美>[教]主修课adj.主修的, 成年的, 大调的 vi.
(7) advertisement [ ??????????????] n.广告, 做广告
(8) Thailand [ ???????? ] n.泰国
(9) popularity [ ??????????????] n.普及, 流行, 声望
(10) minority [?????????????????] n.少数, 少数民族
(11) ethnic [ ???????] adj.人种的, 种族的, 异教徒的
(12) hectare [ ??????? ] n.公顷
(13) stick [ ???? ] n.棍, 棒, 手杖 v.粘住, 粘贴
(14) female [??????????] n.女性, 女人, 雌兽 adj.女性的, 女子的, 妇女的
(15) surround [ ???????? ] vt.包围, 环境 v.围绕
(16) private [ ???????? ] adj.私人的, 私有的, 私营的, 秘密的
(17) Scotland [ ????????? ] n.苏格兰(英国的一部分,在不列颠北部)
(18) Edinburgh [ ??????????] n.爱丁堡(英国苏格兰首府)
(19) British Commonwealth n. 英联邦
(20) amateur [ ?????????] n.业余爱好者, 业余艺术家
(21) Argentina [?????????????? ] n.阿根廷
(22) pregnant [ ????????? ] adj.怀孕的, 重要的, 富有意义的, 孕育的
(23) award [ ???????] n.奖, 奖品 vt.授予, 判给
(24) disorder [ ?????????] n.杂乱, 混乱vt.扰乱, 使失调, 使紊乱
(25) circulatory [?????????????] adj.循环的
(26) cart [ ?????] n.大车, 手推车 vt.用车装载
(27) vehicle [ ????????] n.交通工具, 车辆
(28) exception [?????????? ] n.除外, 例外, 反对, 异议
(29) federal [ ???????? ] adj.联邦的, 联合的, 联邦制的, 同盟的
(30) disability [ ???????????? ] n.无力, 无能, 残疾
(31) appeal [ ?????? ] n.请求, 呼吁, 上诉, 吸引力, 要求 vi.求助, 诉请
(32) legal right n.合法权利
(33) Supreme Court 最高法院
(34) suspend [ ???????? ] vt.吊, 悬挂 v.延缓
(35) ban [ ?????] n.禁令 vt.禁止, 取缔(书刊等)
58 在丹麦庆祝美国国庆节
DATE=6-29-2001
TITLE=AMERICAN MOSAIC #824 - Fourth of July in Denmark
BYLINE=Nancy Steinbach
HOST:
(Start at 1'00") Next Wednesday is the Fourth of July - (1) America's Independence Day. Americans celebrate the (2) anniversary of their (3) declaration of independence from Britain in Seventeen-Seventy-Six.
Each year, Americans hold parties to celebrate the Fourth of July. They fly American flags, sing (4) patriotic songs and light (5) fireworks. It might surprise you to learn that America's Independence Day also is celebrated in (6) Denmark. Shirley Griffith explains.
ANNCR:
From the middle Eighteen-Eighties until Nineteen-Hundred, one of every ten people in Denmark moved to the United States. They were poor farmers seeking a new economy and a better life. Most settled in America's middle west.
In Nineteen-Twelve, these (7) immigrants created an organization called the Danish-American Society. It bought land back home in Denmark near the city of (8) Aalborg, about two-hundred-fifty kilometers northwest of Copenhagen. The society gave the land to Denmark on the condition that America's Independence Day would be celebrated there every year.
Denmark's (9) ruler at the time, King Christian, agreed. He (10) established a national park on the land. He said the park would represent the friendship between the two nations.
That is why America's Independence Day has been celebrated at Rebild National Park and in the city of Aalborg ever since.
Over the years, hundreds of thousands of visitors have joined with (11) Danes in the celebration at Rebild Park. American and (12) Danish flags fly side by side. People eat American and Danish food. They listen to speeches. Speakers in the past have included former presidents George Bush and Ronald Reagan and actor Danny Kaye.
Celebrations in nearby Aalborg extend over a few days. Events include concerts and shows. This year, the United States Air Force Band will take part in the celebration.
The final event of the (13) Fourth of July celebration in Aalborg is the same as in the United States -- fireworks. Then the nation of Denmark ends its celebration of America's Independence Day until next year.
‘Two-by-Four'的理解与应用
DATE=6-29-2001
TITLE=AMERICAN MOSAIC #824 - Two-by-Four
BYLINE=Paul Thompson
HOST:
(Start at 4'20") Our VOA listener question this week comes in an E-mail from (1) Indonesia. Antonius Japarizal would like us to explain the words "two-by-four." He says he has heard it in the sentence, "You have to use a two-by-four to get his attention."
This question really belongs in our program, "Words and their Stories," but we will answer it anyway. A two-by-four is a piece of wood. The name comes from the (2) measurement of the wood -- two inches by four inches. That is about five (3) centimeters by ten centimeters. Or two times as wide as it is thick.
A two-by-four is usually cut to the length you need. It is used in houses and other buildings. A two-by-four is very common. You can buy it in almost any store in the United States that sells building (4) supplies and wood.
Now to explain the sentence. Let us say you work with a young man who has not been performing well at work. He can think of nothing but a young woman he recently met. All he can think of is the next time he will see her or talk to her on the telephone. His mind has only room for thoughts of the young woman.
You might say of such a person, "You have to hit him with a two-by-four to get him to pay attention."
The English language is full of such sayings. Some of them are very funny. Here are two more.
Let us say this same young man has a new dog. It is a nice dog, but not very (5) smart. The young man has been trying to train the dog. But the dog can not learn to obey the most simple command.
You might say the dog is as stupid "as a sack full of (6) hammers." A hammer is a tool you use to hit nails into a two-by-four. But a hammer can not think or do anything. A sack full of hammers is really useless.
You could also say the same dog is a real "air head." This means the dog has no brain, only air in its head.
All three of these (7) expressions are similar. You could use any one of them to explain the young man who thinks of nothing but his new lady friend. But you get the idea. I do not have to hit you with a two-by-four to get your attention, because you are not an airhead. And no one who listens to Special English is as (8) dumb as a sack full of hammers.
"不要让狂欢节结束"
DATE=6-29-2001
TITLE=AMERICAN MOSAIC #824 - Don't Stop The Carnival
BYLINE=Nancy Steinbach
HOST:
(Start At 7'56") American singer and songwriter Jimmy Buffett loves the (1) Caribbean area and its music. A few years ago, he and writer Herman Wouk worked together to produce a musical play. The story was based on Mister Wouk's book, "Don't Stop the (2) Carnival." The show was first performed in the American state of Florida. Now it has opened in the (3) Bahamas. Jimmy Buffett says it might go to (4) Broadway in New York City sometime in the future. Steve Ember tells us about it.
ANNCR:
"Don't Stop the Carnival" is about a man named Norman Paperman who leaves New York City and buys a hotel in the Caribbean. The show starts with the (5) chorus singing about him.
((CUT 1: THE LEGEND OF NORMAN PAPERMAN))
Jimmy Buffett also owned a hotel in the Caribbean. It burned to the ground. Norman Paperman also has nothing but trouble with his hotel. This song tells about his problem with the (6) water supply.
((CUT 2: CHAMPAGNE SI, AGUA NO))
"Don't Stop the Carnival" is a funny show about how Norman (7)operates his hotel and organizes his life. He finally decides to go back to New York. We leave you now with the final song from the show "Don't Stop the Carnival." It is called "Time To Go Home."
(1) America's Independence Day n.美国独立日
(2) anniversary [ ?????????????] n.周年纪念
(3) declaration of independence n.独立宣言
(4) patriotic [ ??????????? ] adj.爱国的, 有爱国心的
(5) fireworks n.烟火, 激烈争论
(6) Denmark [ ???????? ] n.丹麦(北欧国家,首都哥本哈根)
(7) immigrant [ ????????? ] adj.(从外国)移来的, 移民的, 移居的 n.
(8) Aalborg [????????? ] 奥尔堡[丹麦]
(9) ruler [ ?????? ] n.统治者, 管理者, 尺, 直尺 n.标尺, 划线板,
(10) establish [ ????????? ] vt.建立, 设立, 安置, 使定居, 使人民接受
(11) Dane [ ???? ] n.丹麦人
(12) Danish [ ??????? ] n.丹麦语 adj.丹麦的
(13) Fourth of July n. 美国国庆日（七月四日）
(1) Indonesia [ ????????????? ] n.印尼(东南亚岛国)
(2) measurement [ ????????? ] n.测量法, 度量, (量得的)尺寸,
(3) centimeter [???????????????] n.厘米
(4) supply [ ????????] n.补给, 供给, 供应品 vt.补给, 供给, 提供,
(5) smart [ ????? ] n.刺痛, 痛苦 adj.巧妙的, 聪明的, 漂亮的,
(6) hammer [ ????? ] n.铁锤, 槌, 锤子 v.锤击, 锤打
(7) expression [??????????? ] n.表达, 表情, 脸色, 声调, 腔调, 榨出, 语
(8) dumb [ ??? ] adj.哑的, 无说话能力的, 不说话的, 无声音的
(1) Caribbean [ ???????????? ] n.加勒比海
(2) carnival [ ????????? ] n.狂欢节, 饮宴狂欢
(3) Bahamas [ ????????? ] n.巴哈马群岛
(4) Broadway [ ????????? ] n.纵贯纽约市的大街道, 百老汇
(5) chorus [ ??????? ] n.合唱, 合唱队, 齐声
(6) water supply n.给水, 自来水, 供水系统
(7) operate [ ?????????] v.操作, 运转, 开动, 起作用
59 女英雄克拉拉·巴顿
Date=7-1-01
Title=People in America #1828 - Clara Barton
Byline=Jeri Watson
Voice one:
I am ray freeman.
Voice two:
And I am Shirley Griffith with the VOA special English program, people in America. Every week we tell about a person who was important in the history of the United States. Today we tell about a woman who spent her life caring for others, Clara Barton.
(THEME)
voice one:
Clara Barton was a small woman. Yet she made a big difference in many lives. Today her work continues to be important to thousands of people in trouble.
Clara Barton was an unusual woman for her time. She was born on Christmas day, December twenty-fifth, eighteen-twenty-one. In those days, most women were expected to marry, have children and stay home to take care of them. Barton, however, became deeply (1) involved in the world. By the time of her death in nineteen-twelve, she had begun a (2) revolution that led to the right of women to do responsible work for society. As a nurse, she cared for thousands of wounded soldiers. She began the American Red Cross. And, she successfully (3) urged the American government to accept the (4) Geneva (5) Convention. That (6) treaty established standards for conditions for soldiers injured or (7) captured during wartime.
Voice two:
Clara Barton really began her life of caring for the sick when she was only eleven years old. She lived with her family on a farm in the northeastern state of (8) Massachusetts. One of her brothers, David, was seriously injured while helping build a (9) barn. For two years, Clara Barton took care of David until he was healed.
Most eleven year old girls would have found the job impossible. But Clara felt a great need to help. And she was very good at it. She also seemed to feel most safe when she was at home with her mother and father, or riding a horse on her family's land.
As a young child, Clara had great difficulty studying and making friends at school. Her four brothers and sisters were much older than she. Several of them were teachers. For most of Clara’s early years, she was taught at home. She finished school at age fifteen. Then she went to work in her brother David’s clothing factory. The factory soon burned, leaving her without a job. Voice one:
Clara Barton decided to teach school. In eighteen thirty-six, she passed the teacher's test and began teaching near her home in North Oxford, Massachusetts. She became an (10) extremely popular and (11) respected teacher.
After sixteen years teaching, she realized she did not know all she wanted to know. She wanted more education. Very few universities accepted women in those days. So Clara went to a special school for girls in Massachusetts. While in that school, she became interested in public education
. Voice two:
After she graduated, a friend suggested she try to establish the first public school in the state of New Jersey. Officials there seemed to think that education was only for children whose parents had enough money to pay for (12) private schools. The officials did not want Barton to start a school for poor people. But she offered to teach without pay for three months. She told the officials that they could decide after that if she had been successful. They gave her an old building with poor (13) equipment. And they gave her six very active little boys to teach.
At the end of five weeks, the school was too small for the number of children who wanted to attend. By the end of the year, the town built her a bigger, better school. They had to give her more space. She then had six-hundred students in the school.
((Music Bridge))
Voice One:
Within a year, Clara Barton had lost her voice. She had to give up teaching. She moved to Washington, D.C. to begin a new job writing documents for the United States government.
Clara Barton started her life as a nurse during the early days of the (14) civil war in eighteen sixty-one. One day, she went to the train center in Washington to meet a group of soldiers from Massachusetts.
Many of them had been her friends. She began taking care of their wounds. Not long after, she left her office job. She became a full-time nurse for the wounded on their way from the fields of battle to the hospital.
Soon, Barton recognized that many more lives could be saved if the men had medical help immediately after they were hurt. Army (15) rules would not permit anyone except male soldiers to be on the (16) battlefield. But Barton took her plans for helping the wounded to a high army official. He approved her plans.
Voice two:
Barton and a few other women worked in the battle areas around Washington. She heard about the second (17) fierce battle at Bull Run in the nearby state of (18) Virginia. She got into a railroad car and traveled there. Bull run must have been a fearful sight. Northern forces were losing a major battle there. Everywhere Barton looked lay wounded and (19) dying men. Day and night she worked to help the suffering. When the last soldier had been placed on a train, Barton finally left. She was just in time to (20) escape the southern army. She escaped by riding a horse, a skill she gained as a young girl.
((Music Bridge))
Voice one:
For four years, Clara Barton was at the front lines of the bloodiest battles in the war between the north and the south. She was there at Antietam, Fredericksburg, and (21) Charleston. She was there at Spotsylvania, (22) Petersburg, and Richmond. She cleaned the wounds of badly injured soldiers. She eased the pain of the dying. And she fed those who (23) survived.
When she returned to Washington, Clara Barton found she was a hero. She had proved that women could work in terrible conditions. She made people understand that women could provide good medical care. She also showed that nursing was an (24) honorable (25) profession. After the war ended, Barton’s doctor sent her to Europe to rest. Instead of resting, she met with (26) representatives of the international (27) Red Cross. The organization had been established in eighteen-sixty-three to offer better treatment for people wounded or captured during wars. She was told that the United States was the only (28) major nation that refused to join.
Voice two:
Barton began planning a campaign to create an American red cross. Before she could go home, though, the war between France and (29) Prussia began in eighteen-seventy.
Again, Clara Barton went to the fields of battle to nurse the wounded. After a while her eyes became (30) infected. The woman of action was ordered to remain quiet for months in a dark room, or become blind. When she returned to the United States she again suffered a serious sickness. She used the time in a hospital to write letters in support of an American Red Cross organization. ((Music Bridge))
Voice one:
In eighteen-eighty-one, Barton’s campaign proved successful. The United States congress signed the world's treaty of the international Red Cross. This established the American (31) chapter of the Red Cross. Clara Barton had reached one of her major goals in life.
The next year she successfully urged congress to accept the Geneva Convention. This treaty set the international rules for treatment of soldiers wounded or captured in war.
For twenty-five years, Clara Barton continued as the president of the American Red Cross. Under her guidance, the organization helped people in all kinds of trouble. She (32) directed the aid efforts for (33) victims of floods in (34) Johnstown, (35) Pennsylvania and (36) Galveston, (37) Texas. She led Red Cross workers in Florida during a outbreak of the disease yellow fever. And she helped during periods when people were (38) starving in Russia and Armenia
. Voice two:
Clara Barton retired when she was in her middle eighties. For her last home, she chose a huge old building near Washington, D.C. The building had been used for keeping Red Cross equipment and then as her office. It was made with material saved from aid centers built after the flood in Johnstown. In that house on the (39) Potomac River, Clara Barton lived her remaining days. She died after a life of service to others in April nineteen-twelve, at age ninety. She often said, "you must never so much as think if you like it or not, if it is (40) bearable or not. You must never think of anything except the need --- and how to meet it. "
(THEME))
Voice one:
This special English program was written by Jeri Watson. I'm Ray Freeman.
Voice two:
And I’m Shirley Griffith. Join us again next week for another people in America program on the Voice of America.
(1) involved [ ???????? ] adj.棘手的,有关的
(2) revolution [ ???????????? ] n.革命, 旋转
(3) urge [ ?????] vt.催促, 力劝 n.强烈欲望, 迫切要求 v.促进
(4) Geneva [ ????????? ] n.日内瓦城
(5) convention [ ?????????? ] n.大会, 协定, 习俗, 惯例
(6) treaty [ ??????? ] n.条约, 谈判
(7) capture [ ??????? ] n.捕获, 战利品 vt.俘获, 捕获, 夺取
(8) Massachusetts [ ?????????????? ] n.麻萨诸塞州
(9) barn [ ???? ] n.[农]谷仓, 畜棚, 畜舍, 机器房
(10) extremely [ ??????????? ] adv.极端地, 非常地
(11) respect [ ???????? ] n.尊敬, 敬重, 注意, 考虑, 尊重, 关系, 有关,
(12) private [ ???????? ] adj.私人的, 私有的, 私营的, 秘密的 n.士兵
(13) equipment [ ?????????? ] n.装备, 设备, 器材, 装置, 铁道车辆,
(14) civil war n.内战
(15) rule [????? ] n.规则, 惯例, 统治vt.规定, 统治, 支配, 裁决 vi.统治,
(16) battlefield [?????????????] n.战场, 沙场
(17) fierce [ ???? ] adj.凶猛的, 猛烈的, 热烈的, 暴躁的
(18) Virginia [ ???????????? ] n.维吉尼亚
(19) dying [ ?????? ] adj.垂死的
(20) escape [ ??????? ] n.逃, 逃亡, 溢出设备, 出口, 逃跑vi.逃脱, 避开,
(21) Charleston [ ?????????? ] n.查尔斯顿(美国西弗吉尼亚州首府)
(22) Petersburg [ ??????????? ] 彼得斯堡(美国城市)
(23) survive [ ??????? ] v.幸免于, 幸存, 生还
(24) honorable [ ?????????] adj.可敬的, 荣誉的, 光荣的
(25) profession [ ????????? ] n.职业, 专业, 表白, 宣布
(26) representative [ ??????????????? ] n.代表 adj.典型的, 有代表性的
(27) Red Cross n.红十字会
(28) major [???????? ] n.<美>[教]主修课adj.主修的, 成年的, 大调的 vi.
(29) Prussia [????????] n.[史]普鲁士
(30) infected [?????????] adj.(伤口)被感染的
(31) chapter [ ??????? ] n.(书籍)章
(32) direct [ ??????? ] adj.径直的, 直接的, 直系的, 直率的adv.直接地
(33) victim [ ??????? ] n.受害人, 牺牲者, 牺牲品
(34) Johnstown [ ??????????] 约翰斯敦
(35) Pennsylvania [ ?????????????] n.宾夕法尼亚州（美国州名）
(36) Galveston [??????????] 加尔维斯敦[美国得克萨斯州东南部港市]
(37) Texas [ ??????? ] n.德克萨斯州(美国州名)
(38) starve [ ??????] vt.使饿死 vi.饿得要死
(39) Potomac [ ????????? ] n.波拖马可河
(40) bearable [ ?????????] adj.可忍受的, 支持得住的
