93 一种赌博游戏在北美盛行
AMERICAN MOSAIC - September 7, 2001
HOST:
Welcome to AMERICAN MOSAIC VOA's radio magazine in Special English.
(THEME)
This is Doug Johnson. On our program today ...
We play songs from Alicia Keys ...
answer a question about how the American President is protected ...
... and, tell about a legal kind of (1)gambling called the (2)lottery.
Lotteries
HOST:
(Start at 56")Last month, Americans in twenty-one states and the District of Columbia were excited about a lottery game called Powerball. It was worth almost three-hundred-million dollars. People in four states were winners and (3)shared the money. Powerball is only one of many lotteries in the world. Shep O'neal has more.
ANNCR:
The North American Association of State and (4)Provincial Lotteries says people have been taking part in such games of chance for thousands of years. For example, it says these games were played in ancient China as a way to pay for building the Great Wall.
Experts say the word lottery comes from the Italian word lotto meaning a force or power that decides what will happen in the future. Lotteries were held in Italy almost five-hundred years ago. In Fifteen-Fifteen, Italians picked names to choose who would be elected to the (5)Senate in Genoa. In Fifteen-Thirty, the city of Florence held a number lottery with money as prizes.
In the Seventeen-Hundreds, many lotteries were held in the American (6)colonies. Some were used to pay for (7)weapons for the (8)Revolutionary War. Later, lotteries were used to get money for building projects. In the Eighteen-Twenties, people created illegal lotteries. State governments considered (9)banning them. By Eighteen-Seventy-Eight, all states but Louisiana had done so.
In Nineteen-Sixty-Four, New Hampshire created the first legal American state lottery in the twentieth century. It was linked to horse races so it would not (10)violate the anti-lottery laws. Other states started lotteries about five years later. Lotteries that were held in several states at the same time began in Nineteen-Ninety-Six.
The money earned from selling state lottery tickets is used to improve state government services. For example, Arizona state lottery earnings help pay for education, health, protection and (11)local transportation. In a lottery like Powerball, fifty cents of every ticket sold goes to the state lotteries that take part in the game.
Thirty-seven states and the District of Colombia operate lotteries in the United States. There are more than one-hundred lotteries around the world. Some countries have national lotteries. The International Association of State Lotteries lists sixty-three members, one on every continent except (12)Antarctica.
为总统及其家人提供的秘密服务
The Secret Service
HOST:
(Start at 4'46")Our VOA listener question this week comes from (13)Vietnam. Hoang Phi Hung asks about protection for the American President and former Presidents.
The agency that protects these important people is the Secret Service. Congress created it in Eighteen-Sixty-Five, but its job was not protection. The Secret Service was created as part of the Department of the (14)Treasury to stop the copying of American money. The Secret Service still does this job today.
However, its main job is to protect the President, his family and other government (15)officials. The Secret Service began protecting the President in Nineteen-Oh-One, after the murder of President William McKinley.
The responsibilities of the Secret Service have (16)expanded greatly since that time. Secret Service agents examine the President's food, (17)surroundings and travel plans. When the President travels, (18)Secret Service agents arrive before he does. They make sure all areas he will visit are safe.
The Secret Service also protects the Vice President and his family. Agents also protect presidential and (19)vice presidential (20)candidates, those elected to those offices and their families. Former Presidents and their wives are also protected by the Secret Service, as are their children under the age of sixteen. All Presidents elected before Nineteen-Ninety-Seven are protected for the rest of their lives. Presidents elected after that year are protected for not more than ten years from the date they leave office.
About five-thousand people work for the Secret Service in offices throughout the country and the world. More than two-thousand special agents protect officials and investigate crimes. More than-one-thousand others provide (21)security at the White House, the Vice President's house and other buildings in which the President has offices.
The Secret Service sometimes carries out (22)temporary protective duties. For example, it has provided security for historic (23)documents such as the Declaration of Independence. And it protects foreign leaders who visit the United States.
美国流行音乐界的一颗新星--阿丽莎·凯斯
Alicia Keys
HOST:
(Start at 8'01")A young singer's first (24)album became the number one recording in the United States the day it was (25)released. It has stayed at the top of the most popular music lists for eight weeks. And it has sold more than two-million copies. That is very unusual. But then, everything about Alicia Keys is unusual. Shirley Griffith has more.
ANNCR:
The first thing to know about Alicia Keys is that she is only twenty years old. She sings and plays the piano and most of the other (26)instruments on her new album. It is called Songs in A Minor. She wrote the words and music for most of the songs. And she was the producer and music arranger for most of the songs.
Alicia Keys' recordings sound a little like traditional (27)rhythm and blues. They also have a strong jazz influence. Mizz Keys uses a piano in most of the songs. That is a little unusual for this kind of music. Her many (28)talents can be heard on the most popular song on her album. It is called Ballin.
(((CUT ONE: FALLIN? )))
Alicia Keys was trained as a classical musician. You can hear this in the first song on her album. It is called (29)piano and I. She borrowed some of the music from Ludwig van Beethoven.
((CUT TWO: PIANO AND I?))
Alicia Keys is not really new to the music business. She has been a serious music student since she was five years old. Critics say she should have a long successful (30)career ahead of her. We leave you with another recording from Songs in A Minor by Alicia Keys. This one is called Rock Wit U.?
((CUT THREE: 揜OCK WIT U?)
HOST:
This is Doug Johnson. I hope you enjoyed our program today. And I hope you will join us again next week for AMERICAN MOSAIC ?VOA's radio magazine in Special English.
This AMERICAN MOSAIC program was written by Nancy Steinbach and Paul Thompson. Our studio engineer was Tom Verba. And our producer was Paul Thompson.
(1) gambling[??????????]n.赌博
(2) lottery[???????? ]n.抽彩给奖法
(3) share[???? ]n.共享, 参与, 一份, 部分, 份额, 参股vt.分享, 均分, 共有, 分配vi.
(4) provincial[??????????? ]adj.省的
(5) senate[??????? ]n.参议院, 上院
(6) colony[???????? ]n.殖民地, 侨民, (聚居的)一群同业, 一批同行, (生物)群体
(7) weapon[??????? ]n.武器
(8) revolutionary[???????????????? ]adj.革命的
(9) ban[????? ]n.禁令vt.禁止, 取缔(书刊等)
(10) violate[ ????????? ]vt.违犯, 亵渎(圣物), 冒犯, 干扰, 违反, 妨碍, 侵犯, 强暴
(11) local[???????? ]adj.地方的, 当地的, 局部的, 乡土的n.当地居民, 本地新闻,
(12) Antarctica[???????????? ]n.南极洲
(13) Vietnam[?????????]n.越南
(14) treasury[??????????]n.财政部, 国库
(15) official[???????? ]n.官员, 公务员adj.职务上的, 公务的, 官方的, 正式的
(16) expand[????????? ]vt.使膨胀, 详述, 扩张vi.张开, 发展
(17) surrounding[??????????? ]n.围绕物, 环境adj.周围的
(18) secret[ ???????? ]n.秘密, 秘诀, 奥秘adj.秘密的, 隐秘的, 幽静的
(19) vice[??????]n.恶习, 恶行, 坏脾气, 罪恶, 堕落, 老虎钳, 缺点, 陷vt.钳住prep.
(20) candidate[?????????? ]n.候选人, 投考者
(21) security[ ??????????? ]n.安全
(22) temporary[????????????]adj.暂时的, 临时的, 临时性
(23) document[????????????]n.公文, 文件, 文档, 档案, 文献v.证明
(24) album[??????? ]n.集邮本, 照相簿, 签名纪念册
(25) release[ ??????? ]n.释放, 让渡, 豁免, 发行的书, 释放证书vt.释放, 解放, 放弃,
(26) instrument[???????????? ]n.工具, 手段, 器械, 器具, 手段
(27) rhythm[??????????????? ]n.节奏, 韵律
(28) talent[ ????????]n.天才, 才干, 才能
(29) piano[????????????????? ]n.钢琴
(30) career[??????? ]n.(原意：道路, 轨道)事业, 生涯, 速度
94 约翰.威斯勒.鲍威尔的一生
PEOPLE IN AMERICA - September 9, 2001: John Wesley Powell
VOICE ONE:
I'm Shirley Griffith.
VOICE TWO:
And I'm ray freeman with the VOA special English program people in America. Every week at this time we tell the story of someone important in the history of the United States. Today we tell about explorer, John Wesley Powell. He was also a scientist, land reformer, and supporter of native American rights.
((theme))
Voice one:
The date is May twenty-fourth, eighteen sixty-nine. The place is green river, Wyoming, in the western United States. The green river flows in a (1)curving path south through Utah and Colorado until it joins the great Colorado river.
The Colorado, in turn, flows through a huge deep (2)canyon. Years from now, that (3)formation will be called the Grand Canyon.
Ten men are putting supplies and scientific equipment into four small boats. They are about to leave on a dangerous, exciting (4)exploration. The leader of the group is John Wesley Powell.
Voice two:
Powell writes in his (5)journal: "the good people of green river city turn out to see us start. We raise our little flag, push the boats from shore, and the current carries us down. Wild emptiness is (6)stretched out before me. Yet there is a beauty in the picture."
So begins John Wesley Powell's story of his trip on the green and Colorado rivers. It was one of the greatest trips of discovery in the history of North America. He and his men were the first whites to travel in that area. Until then, the land had been known only to Indians and prehistoric (7)tribes.
Voice one:
John Wesley Powell was thirty-five-years-old. He had served in the American (8)civil war. He had lost an arm in that war. He was an unknown scientist, (9)temporarily away from his job at a (10)museum in Illinois.
John's parents had come to the United States from England. They settled in New York state, where john was born in eighteen thirty-four. They later moved to Ohio. Mister Powell made clothes for other people, and farmed a little, too. He also taught (11)religion. His teaching duties often took him away from home. Missus Powell believed young john needed the guidance and protection of a man. So she asked a friend, George Crookham, for help.
Voice two:
George Crookham was a rich farmer. He also was a self-taught scientist. He kept a small museum at his home. It contained examples of plants and (12)minerals. Native animals and insects. Remains of Indian tools and (13)weapons.
From George Crookham, John Wesley Powell received a wide, but informal, education. The boy learned many things about the natural sciences, (14)philosophy and history.
Voice one:
In eighteen forty-six, the Powell family moved again. This time, they settled even farther west, in Wisconsin. John wanted to go to school to study science. His father said that if john were to be sent to college, it would be to study religion...not something as unimportant as science.
The (15)argument continued for three years. Then john decided to leave home to (16)seek an education.
He soon discovered that he knew more about science than any teacher he met. He realized that the only good scientific education in the country came from colleges in the east, like Harvard and Yale. But he was too poor to go to them.
Voice two:
John Wesley Powell got work as a school teacher in Illinois. Whenever possible, he went on scientific trips of his own.
In April, eighteen sixty-one, civil war broke out in the United States. John joined the union forces of the north. At the battle of shiloh, a (17)cannon ball (18)struck him in the right arm. The arm could not be saved.
Although john was disabled, he returned to active duty under general Ulysses s. Grant. Grant would later serve as (19)secretary of war and president. Powell's friendship with grant would help win him support for his explorations of the west.
After the war, John Wesley Powell taught science at two universities in Illinois. He also helped establish the Illinois historical society. He urged state (20)lawmakers to provide more money for the society's museum. His efforts were so successful that he was given responsibility for the museum's collections. One of the first things he did after getting the job was to plan an exploration of the Rocky Mountains.
Voice one:
Powell got help from the Smithsonian (21)institution in Washington, D.C. the Smithsonian gave him scientific equipment. He got help from the army. The army (22)promised to protect the explorers in dangerous areas. And he got help from the railroads. The railroads agreed to let the explorers ride free as far as possible.
Powell's group brought back enough information to satisfy those who supported it. A second, (23)similar trip took place the following year. Then Powell centered his efforts on the plan that would make him famous: exploration of the green river and the Colorado river.
Voice two:
It was a (24)voyage never (25)attempted by white men. Indians who knew the area said it could not be done. But john Wesley Powell believed it could. And he believed it would provide a wealth of scientific information about that part of America.
Once again, Powell turned for help to the Smithsonian, the army and the railroads. He got what he wanted.
Voice one:
The explorers left green river, Wyoming, on may twenty-fourth, eighteen-sixty-nine. All along the way, Powell measured distances, (26)temperatures, heights, depths and (27)currents. He examined soils, rocks and plant life. Since the explorers were mapping unknown (28)territory, they named the places they passed as they went along.
The trip was just as dangerous as expected, perhaps more.
The rivers were filled with rocky areas and (29)waterfalls. Sometimes, the boats (30)overturned. One of the boats broke in two against a big rock. The explorers (31)suffered from a hot sun, and cold rain. They lost many of their supplies. Yet they pushed on.
Voice two:
On august thirteenth, eighteen-sixty-nine, they reached the mouth of a great canyon. Its walls rose more than a kilometer above them. Powell wrote in his journal:
"We are now ready to start on our way down the great unknown. What waterfalls there are, we know not. What rocks lie in the river, we know not. We may imagine many things. The men talk as happily as ever. But to me, there is a darkness to the joy."
The trip through the great canyon was much the same as the earlier part of the trip. For a time, the Colorado River widened. The explorers were able to travel long distances each day. Then the canyon walls closed in again. Once more, the group battled (32)rapids, rocks and waterfalls.
Conditions grew so bad that three of the men left to try to reach (33)civilization overland. Two days later, the rest of the group sailed out of the dangers of the Grand Canyon.
Voice one:
The story of the brave explorers was printed in newspapers all over the country. John Wesley Powell became famous.
Powell's explorations led to the creation of the United States (34)geological (35)survey in eighteen seventy-nine. The survey became responsible for all mapping and scientific programs of American lands.
Powell's interests, however, were becoming wider than just the geology of the land. He found himself growing deeply interested in the people who lived on the land. On every future trip, he visited indian villages. He talked to the people, and learned about their culture and history. He helped establish a bureau of American (36)ethnology within the Smithsonian institution to collect information about the Indian cultures. Powell headed the (37)bureau for more than twenty years.
In a message to congress, Powell explained why he felt the bureau was so important:
"Many of the difficulties between white men and Indians are unnecessary, and are caused by our lack of knowledge relating to the Indians themselves. The failure to recognize this fact has brought great trouble to our management of the Indians."
Voice two:
John Wesley Powell's scientific studies of western lands shaped his ideas of how those lands should be used. He proposed programs to control both crop farming and (38)cattle raising. He was especially concerned about water supplies.
Many of John Wesley Powell's ideas were far ahead of his time. Congress (39)rejected Powell's (40)proposals for land and water use. He died in nineteen-oh-two. Years later his ideas were signed into law.
((theme))
Voice one:
This is Shirley Griffith .
Voice two:
And this is ray freeman. Join us again next week at this time for another people in America program in special English on the voice of America.
(1) curving[ ??????? ]adj.弯曲的
(2) canyon[ ??????? ]n.<美>峡谷, 溪谷
(3) formation[??????????? ]n.形成, 构成, 编队
(4) exploration[ ??????????????? ]n.探险, 踏勘, 探测, [医](伤处等的)探查, 探察术
(5) journal[ ??????? ]n.定期刊物, 杂志, 航海日记, 分类账
(6) stretch[??????? ]v.伸展, 伸长n.一段时间, 一段路程, 伸展
(7) tribe[???????]n.部落, 部族
(8) civil[?????? ]adj.全民的, 市民的, 公民的, 国民的, 民间的.民事的, 根据民法的,
(9) temporary[ ???????????]adj.暂时的, 临时的, 临时性
(10) museum[???????????? ]n.博物馆
(11) religion[?????????? ]n.宗教, 信仰
(12) mineral[????????? ]n.矿物, 矿石
(13) weapon[ ?????? ]n.武器
(14) philosophy[ ????????? ]n.哲学, 哲学体系, 达观, 冷静
(15) argument[??????????? ]n.争论, 辩论, 论据, 论点, ～ (for,against), 意见
(16) seek[??????]v.寻找, 探索, 寻求
(17) cannon[??????? ]n.大炮, 加农炮v.炮轰
(18) struck[?????? ]adj.受罢工影响的vbl.strike的过去式和过去分词
(19) secretary[?????????? ]n.秘书, 书记, 部长, 大臣
(20) lawmaker[????????????]n.立法者
(21) institution[??????????????? ]n.公共机构, 协会, 制度
(22) promise[?????????]vt.允诺, 答应n.允诺, 答应, 许诺
(23) similar[?????????]adj.相似的, 类似的
(24) voyage[???????]n.航程, 航空, 航海记, 旅行记vi.航海, 航行vt.渡过, 飞过
(25) attempt[?????????]n.努力, 尝试, 企图vt.尝试, 企图
(26) temperature[?????????????]n.温度
(27) current[ ??????? ]adj.当前的, 通用的, 流通的, 现在的, 草写的, 最近的n.涌流,
(28) territory[ ????????? ]n.领土, 版图, 地域
(29) waterfall[??????????]n.瀑布, 瀑布似的东西
(30) overturn[ ?????????? ]n.倾覆, 破灭, 革命vt.推翻, 颠倒vi.翻倒n.翻转, 毁灭
(31) suffer[ ????? ]vt.遭受, 经历, 忍受vi.受痛苦, 受损害
(32) rapid[??????? ]adj.迅速的, 飞快的, 险峻的n.急流, 高速交通工具, 高速交通网
(33) civilization[??????????????????????]n.文明, 文化, 文明社会文明,
(34) geological[?????????????? ]adj.地质学的, 地质的
(35) survey[???????? ]n.测量, 调查, 俯瞰, 概观, 纵览, 视察vt.调查(收入,民意等)
(36) ethnology[ ??????????? ]n.人种学, 人类文化学
(37) bureau[????????????????????]n.办公桌, 衣柜<美>局, 办公署
(38) cattle[ ????? ]n.牛, 家养牲畜
(39) reject[????????? ]n.被拒之人, 被弃之物, 不合格品, 落选者, 不及格者vt.拒绝,
(40) proposal[????????????]n.提议, 建议
95 周一将迎来美国宪法日
AMERICAN MOSAIC - September 14, 2001
HOST:
Welcome to AMERICAN MOSAIC VOA's radio magazine in Special English.
(THEME)
This is Doug Johnson. On our program today:
We play songs by Jessica Simpson ...
answer a question about the wine-making industry ...
and tell about the home of one of America's first presidents.
Rediscovering James Madison
HOST:
Monday is (1)Constitution Day. It is the (2)anniversary of the day when the American Constitutional (3)Convention ended. (4)Delegates to the talks signed the proposed Constitution of the United States on September Seventeenth, Seventeen-Eighty-Seven.
This year, special (5)observances in honor of Constitution Day are being held at the former home of delegate James Madison. Shep O'neal has more about the man called the Father of the Constitution.
ANNCR:
James Madison wrote the first plan for union of the new American nation. He also was mainly (6)responsible for the first ten (7)amendments to the Constitution, known as the Bill of Rights. Later, Mister Madison was the country's fourth President.
The Madison family lived at Montpelier (mont-PEEL-yer), a huge property about one-hundred-thirty kilometers south of Washington, D-C. The (8)property extends over more than one-thousand-one-hundred hectares of land. Today, a private group operates (9)Montpelier.
In recent years, crews at Montpelier have been searching for (10)evidence of past human activities. The project depends mainly on the work of (11)volunteers. Students from nearby James Madison University work at Montpelier in May and June for no pay.
Matthew Reaves is directing the project. He and his (12)crew are studying objects believed to come from Mount Pleasant, the first Madison home at Montpelier. Mount Pleasant was destroyed in a fire around Seventeen-Sixty-Five. After that, the area was used as farmland.
Recently, work crews at Mount Pleasant found the remains of a building. The (13)discovery is exciting because crews have been looking for the (14)remains of the main house for the past four years.
Matthew Reaves believes the project at Mount Pleasant will continue for two to three more years. After that, he wants to (15)explore some of the areas at Montpelier where slaves lived.
加州西部葡萄酒工业的起源与发展
HOST:
(Start at 3'57")Our VOA listener question this week comes from Brazil. Silvio Unzer asks about the history of the wine industry, especially in the western state of California.
Wine is an (16)alcoholic drink made from grapes. Experts do not know when the first wine was made. They say, however, that people who lived eight-thousand years ago enjoyed drinking wine. Wine was also a popular drink among the ancient Greeks. They were the first to grow (17)grapes as a business and to sell their (18)wines to other nations.
Wine was also important to the ancient Romans. Grapes were grown throughout the Roman (19)Empire. Later, the Catholic Church continued to produce wines in European countries. Experts say the wine industry appeared in almost every new country settled by Europeans.
That is what happened in the American state of California. Franciscan (20)religious workers from Spain who settled the area made wine to use in religious services. Father Junipero Serra established Mission San Diego in Seventeen-Sixty-Nine. It was the first of twenty-one such religious centers. Almost all of the (21)missions grew grapes and produced wine.
The discovery of gold in California in Eighteen-Forty-Eight helped establish the wine industry. Thousands of people traveled to California in hopes of finding gold. But most did not find any. So many people decided to grow grapes instead. These included people from other countries who loved wine. They grew European grapes in California for the first time.
California has a lot of sunshine all year. This helps grapes to (22)ripen anywhere in the state. Growing grapes for wine became very (23)profitable. The number of vines planted increased quickly. For example, in Eighteen-Fifty-Six, more than one-million (24)grapevines were planted in California. Two years later, there were almost four-million. By Eighteen-Fifty-Nine, California was producing almost two-million liters of wine.
That same year, California lawmakers helped the wine industry (25)expand. A new law permitted grape growers to produce a crop before having to pay taxes. By Eighteen-Sixty-Two, the number of grapevines in California had reached eight-million.
Today, the California Wine Institute says the United States has about one-thousand-six-hundred companies that make wine. More than half of these wineries are in California. The group says the state produces ninety percent of the wines made in the United States.
美国流行歌星杰西卡·辛普森
Jessica Simpson
HOST:
(Start at 7'59")Popular American singer Jessica Simpson had great success with her first record album in Nineteen-Ninety-Nine. Sweet Kisses sold more than two-million copies. Here is the title song:
((CUT 1: SWEET KISSES))
Now Jessica Simpson has a new record, Irresistible. Bob Doughty tells us about her.
ANNCR:
Jessica Simpson was seventeen years old when she recorded her first album. She is twenty-one now. She says her growth shows in the new songs.
Jessica Simpson says the (26)message of the songs on Irresistible is that nothing is impossible if you have an (27)inner strength. Here is the title song from her new (28)album.
((CUT 2: IRRESISTIBLE))
Jessica Simpson learned to sing in church in her hometown of Dallas, Texas. She first recorded religious songs. Critics say one song on her new album shows her true spirit. It is one she has been singing since she was a young girl in church. We leave you now with Jessica Simpson singing that song, His Eye Is On The (29)Sparrow.?
((CUT 3: HIS EYE IS ON THE SPARROW))
HOST:
This is Doug Johnson. I hope you enjoyed our program today. And I hope you will join us again next week for AMERICAN MOSAIC VOA's radio magazine in Special English.
This AMERICAN MOSAIC program was written by George Grow and Nancy Steinbach. Our studio engineer was Greg Burns. And our producer was Paul Thompson.
(1) constitution[???????????????? ]n.宪法, 构造, 体质, 体格, 国体, 章程, 惯例
(2) anniversary[ ???????????? ]n.周年纪念
(3) convention[??????????? ]n.大会, 协定, 习俗, 惯例
(4) delegate[????????? ]n.代表vt.委派...为代表
(5) observance[??????????? ]n.遵守, 惯例, 仪式, 庆祝
(6) responsible[???????????? ]adj.有责任的, 可靠的, 可依赖的, 负责的
(7) amendment[ ???????????]n.改善, 改正
(8) property[????????? ]n.财产, 所有物, 所有权, 性质, 特性, (小)道具
(9) Montpelier[??????????????]蒙彼利埃[美国佛蒙特州首府]
(10) evidence[ ???????? ]n.明显, 显著, 明白, 迹象, 根据, [物]证据
(11) volunteer?????????????]n.志愿者, 志愿兵adj.志愿的, 义务的, 无偿的v.自愿
(12) crew[????? ]n.全体人员, (工作)队vbl.crow的过去式
(13) discovery[??????????? ]n.发现, 发明的东西
(14) remain[???????? ]vi.保持, 逗留, 剩余, 残存
(15) explore[????????? ]v.探险, 探测, 探究
(16) alcoholic[ ??????????? ]adj.含酒精的n.酗酒者, 酒鬼
(17) grape[?????? ]n.葡萄, 葡萄树
(18) wine[????? ]n.葡萄酒, 酒
(19) empire[???????? ]n.帝国, 帝权
(20) religious[?????????? ]adj.信奉宗教的, 虔诚的, 宗教上的, 修道的, 严谨的n.
(21) mission[ ?????? ]n.使命, 任务, 使团, 代表团
(22) ripen[ ??????? ]vt.使成熟vi.成熟
(23) profitable [??????????] adj.有利可图的
(24) grapevine[??????????? ]n.葡萄藤, 葡萄树, <美俗>(秘密情报或)谣言不胫而走
(25) expand[????????? ]vt.使膨胀, 详述, 扩张vi.张开, 发展
(26) message[???????? ]n.消息, 通讯, 讯息, 音讯, 差使, 广告词, 预言, 教训vt.通知
(27) inner[ ?????]adj.内部的, 里面的, 内心的n.内部
(28) album[ ?????? ]n.集邮本, 照相簿, 签名纪念册
(29) sparrow[???????? ]n.[鸟]麻雀
